Art History Review

Renaissance
By Danielle Hernandez

Preparing to Study Art History

In

order to assess various works of art in both areas of content and form, you must be familiar with some terminology and concepts. These include knowing about some different mediums. You must also be familiar with aesthetic distance and know how to talk about what makes this high or low for you in a work of art.

Aesthetic Distance
Dont

be fooled! High is low and low is high! Aesthetic distance refers to how you connect with a work of art. Does it jump out at you? Strike you as interesting? Or is it just plain boring!?

Aesthetic Distance
High Aesthetic Distance
*Think of high distance in numerical terms. The higher youre distance is, the further you are from something!*

*le yawn*

Aesthetic Distance
Low Aesthetic Distance
*le fangasm*

Mediums (Materials)

Amber made from tree sap thats hardened. Bedrock good foundation for architecture Bronze a metal alloy, malleable, easy to work with Dressed stone cut stone Fresco painting pigment on wet or dry (fresco secco) plaster. If paint is applied when wet, it lasts a long time Papyrus paper made from reeds Resin sticky plant substance similar to amber Slate difficult to work with since its sedimentary and layers can easily crack off Others basalt, diorite, sandstone, limestone, granite

Techniques

Celature making things 3D by adding TO it (like taking a stone base and layering clay over it) Glyptic making a 3D image by taking AWAY from it (like chiseling away at stone) Chiaroscuro using shadows/shading to make something 2D look 3D (ie. Cartoon compared to realism) Flat color color without shading (non-photorealistic cutouts) Encaustic painting in wax; very difficult but lasts extremely well

Foreshortening giving something a different angle or perspective to make it more interesting (ie. Uncle Sam wants you poster) Optical illusion something that appears as it measurably is not Parataxis/paratactic combining more than one perspective in one subject; more realistic than photorealism; more information Isomorphism similarity or form, shape, or structure 3 dimensional sculpture or carving or anything off a plane 2 dimensional flat painting/drawing on a plane

Techniques

Bas relief low relief (projecting as opposed to engraving) Clerestory architecture; high in the middle, low on the sides; results in interesting lighting Closed composition attached to stone, wall, etc. Open composition sculpture is totally free from original medium (compare to in-the-round) Sculpture in-the-round a free standing sculpture Freestanding more free than in-the-round; has no strut (stand/support holding it up) Corbel stones set as support (architecture) Hypostyle hall a hall with a roof supported by rows of columns

Forms

In reserve what is left behind after carving around a structure Orthogonal of or pertaining to right angles Petroglyph carving or painting in rock Pictograph any picture Post and lintel 2 columns with a stone on top (think Stonehenge) Register ground line Stasis no motion shown in work; freeze frame (ie Victorian photograph) Split image image seen from 2 views Tectiform rectangular (or not) or just lines found; may be artist signature or instructions, etc.

Forms

Arena Chapel
WHO: Giotto WHAT: Fresco murals (compartmentalized) WHERE: Padua, Italy WHEN: c. 1305 (Early Renaissance) SIZE: ---

Arena Chapel Frescoes

Madonna Enthroned
WHO: Giotto WHAT: Tempera on Wood WHERE: Florence WHEN: c. 1310 (Early Renaissance) SIZE: 7 x 11

Me: 52

Kiss of Judas
WHO: Giotto WHAT: Fresco WHERE: Padua WHEN: c. 1305 (Early Renaissance) SIZE: Part of a compartmentalised mural

Lamentation
WHO: Giotto WHAT: Fresco WHERE: Padua WHEN: c. 1305 (Early Renaissance) SIZE: Part of a compartmentalised mural

Pazzi Chapel
WHO: Brunelleschi WHAT: Stone, centrally planned cathedral WHERE: Florence WHEN: c. 1420 (Early Renaissance) SIZE: more down to earth than Gothic cathedrals- does not soar upwards

Hospital of the Innocents Orphanage

WHO: Brunelleschi WHAT: loggia with rounded arches WHERE: Florence WHEN: c. 1420 (Early Renaissance) SIZE: about 350 tall

Sacrifice of Isaac
WHO: Brunelleschi WHAT: Bronze tile WHERE: Florence WHEN: 1401 (Early Renaissance) SIZE: 21x17

**This was the losing panel in the competition

Sacrifice of Isaac
WHO: Ghiberti WHAT: Bronze tile WHERE: Florence WHEN: 1401 (Early Renaissance) SIZE: 21x17

**This was the winning panel in the competition

Self Portrait from the Gates of Paradise

WHO: Ghiberti WHAT: Gilt Bronze WHERE: Florence WHEN: c. 1425 (Early Renaissance) SIZE: 6diameter

Triumph of Death
WHO: Traini WHAT: Fresco WHERE: Pisa WHEN: c. 1350 (Early Renaissance) SIZE: 24

Vitruvian Man
WHO: Many artists have portrayed it, but this one is by Leonardo da Vinci WHAT: Pen and ink on paper WHERE: Italy (Milan?) NOW IN VENICE WHEN: c. 1490 (Early Renaissance) SIZE: 13.5x10

The Last Supper

WHO: da Vinci WHAT: Fresco WHERE: Milan WHEN: c. 1495 (Early Renaissance) SIZE: 15 x 28

Mona Lisa
WHO: da Vinci WHAT: Oil on wood WHERE: Italy WHEN: c. 1503 (Early Renaissance) SIZE: 30 x 21

The Trinity
WHO: Masaccio WHAT: Fresco WHERE: Florence WHEN: c. 1430 (Early Renaissance) SIZE: about 21x9

Tribute Money
WHO: Masaccio WHAT: Fresco WHERE: Florence WHEN: c. 1430 (Early Renaissance) SIZE: about 8x20

Flagellation
WHO: della Francesca WHAT: Tempera on panel WHERE: Urbino WHEN: c. 1460 (Early Renaissance) SIZE: 23 x 32

Madonna and Child with Saints

WHO: della Francesca WHAT: Oil on Panel WHERE: Urbino WHEN: c. 1472 (Early Renaissance) SIZE: 8 x 6

Battle of San Roman

WHO: Uccello WHAT: Tempera on Panel WHERE: Florence WHEN: c. 1440s-50s (High
Renaissance)

SIZE: 6 x 106

Birth of Venus
WHO: Botticelli WHAT: Tempera on Canvas WHERE: Florence WHEN: c. 1480 (High
Renaissance)

SIZE: 6 x 9

Primavera
WHO: Botticelli WHAT: Tempera on Panel WHERE: Florence WHEN: c. 1482 (High Renaissance) SIZE: 7 x 10

Saint Mark
WHO: Donatello WHAT: Marble (in aedicule) WHERE: Florence WHEN: c.1411-1415 (High
Renaissance)

SIZE: ---

David
WHO: Donatello WHAT: Bronze WHERE: Florence WHEN: c. 1430-40 (High
Renaissance)

SIZE: 5 2

Gattamelata
WHO: Donatello WHAT: Bronze WHERE: Padua WHEN: c. 1450 (High Renaissance) SIZE: 11 x 13

Mary Magdalene
WHO: Donatello WHAT: Painted wood WHERE: Florence WHEN: c. 1455 (High Renaissance) SIZE: 62

Scenes from the

Very Rich Hours

WHO: Limbourg Brothers WHAT: Illumination WHERE: France WHEN: c. 1413-1416 (Early
Renaissance)

SIZE: 9 x 5

Scenes from the

Very Rich Hours

WHO: Limbourg Brothers WHAT: Illumination WHERE: France WHEN: c. 1413-1416 (Early
Renaissance)

SIZE: 9 x 5