Agg z, ggmma mg zoas

14m a, zoo8
:
VV \^ E
ggag
[ V
\Vu Vzkm ]D
2
GagLssm
!.!. jsm a
!.2. aegoqge qo 5
!.8 Oeee aegoqge Q u
2.!. aegoqge g_qq ogeeaae aeaea 8
2.2. aegoqga ee ga !2
mapg asgmggs Gsas 16
8.!. _@g__ !u
8.2. Oqaaeg (Vision) !u
8.8. eg (Goal) !u
8.4. g_eea 2u
Lmsss z1
8.5.!. Laq aaa_ 2!
8.5.2. goe 25
8.5.8. gg 2u
8.5.4. OqaLaoe 8u
8.5.5. qae (LLa) 8u
8.5.u. Ome eLLea 8!
8.5.7. oaee QgqgLae ___qgq 8!
8.5.8. oaeea a gg 88
8.5.u. ea_g aaoa_ 88
8.5.!u. aaaae 88
8.5.!!. OaLa a 84
8.5.!2. _gea m __ 88
8.5.!8. Oeee ao aegoqg 8u
8.5.!4. eeg aegoqg 4u
8.5.!5. qgq q_ 4!
4. 4z
3
1. 1. jsm
ga aaQaem ea_ aee Oqae qa _geaae
e aaQa qga_. 2uuua e aaQ aee Oqaea
4u% a ea_aem oqaee eeeLL_g.
1
q
_ OqaLag _geaa og_g. aee Oqaee eeeOe_
2uu!e Oee e Ogeme Oaaq q ae e Oqae 7u
L eq g 4! aa a . g 2uuu 7u L ea ae _gemq
gg.
2
[ V
\Vu Vzkm ]D
maQ mss Ggasm sap mss Ggas gm (zoo6)
(g_n, oo;w w_gw _oe :__oc (eoe c;_ow)
w:_w _yo__: oo_ woo J_w __owoo vg)
(CMDA - Ooee O_o __w__::w - o; __oo - ___; ,
w_d_ _)
(Indian States at a Glance 2006-07, Tamil Nadu - Performance,
Facts and Figures, PHDCCI)
Gomm Ggsmm mss Ggas maoA asg
zoo1 - zoz6
aee Oqae
70 78 87 97 108 120
(L eq g )
2001 2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 e_
qga_ 4u.7u%
ga 27.5u%
egaLea 85.uu%
ea 25.8u%
ga zs.oo%
4
Oeee Ogeme aegoqg eoa ceg ag
eL_eeLaeaa aaLL aegoqg Omee eaamg
aL_a. Lo, OqaLag Oeeeeg LaOaga aeea
_geme e aga _q qoee eaam ga ga .
Oeee Oge aee Oqae 2u!ua e gg eaa
cL _a . _ ag ae e Oqae ce e e _ La
ee a_eLe Oee e Oge g c_oaaaea -
ee uu a_eL Oeee Omaqae gega.
g.a aaeL aaaL_ Lae La O_g !77 a_
em 8! a_e aL_aqae OeeeaL Omqae gega,
q_ uu a_emga 2u!ua e Oee ea Le
g_oae ce e eaa ae e o aa e . ceo,
Oee e Oge ae goq ge eae gL Lq q og g
ee emag a_eme aegoqgq gLLae La _ge
_eaqgoa oaaqg ceq egqg Oea oe_a.
3
mss Ggas Lm Gommm
A agsm - zo16 (nmss Logg)
Oeee - u7 Lea a
oLe - u8 Lea a
aea - 48 Lea a
aao - 48 Lea a
OLeaaae - 5u Lea a
m - 78 Lea a
goq - 84 Lea a
Q_ag - 48 Lea a
oLeaag - 78 Lea a
gea _ cL - 48 Lea a
aaqge - 4 Lea a
Oaaam - !8 Lea a
LLae - 27 Lea a
(UNDP Human Development Report, 2006 United Nations)
5
1.z. asgmggm gm
aeqa eme c aq qoee ga ae goq ge
eL La gg _e qoaae ge _g. Oagaqaa , e ,
eL a ce c ao_ ge ga ae goq g _ Laae
ge _g. gg aL o oaa e , e Qaa e ,
agqgoeo, Oa_gaeg emLL oege agaae _
gqa aL_a aqag. Lo, _o__ _Loq_g goae
ae goq ge eL La ea g qa qae ema ae
Le ga .
aL e oa e e g ae goq g e _ Laae
qoaaga . _ q ea _ ae goq g __aaeg
geeg cma, Oe g_oae aegoqge _mqe
a aaea , ea _ Oagaqaq q oa qe a
Gomm Ggsm L zaLA as
masaLA 1 : Oeee aaea
s os 16 : !. eq goae ea , 2. ggOoa_ __a ,
8.aaqaoa, 4. _aqa, 5. o, u. qae, 7. ggo_ea_,
8. agoaa , u. oeoae ea , !u. a , !!. e ea
-_goae ea , !2. _eeaq a , !8. a a , !4. aoa ,
!5. qaaa, !u. aee.
aL As - zo : !. a , 2. e e ee ea_, 8. g ,
4.aoamg a , 5. ggQe _a , u. aa , 7. ggae,
8.aaa ea_, u. qa ae ea , !u. ea ae ea , !!. ge _q a ,
!2. gga a, !8. Oga eq a , !4. da e ee ee,
!5.Laeea, !u. Oeaaeea, !7. aaLaaeea, !8. Ogag,
!u. meee, 2u. eaaea.
aL A gm j s - 1o : (O_o; ; _:m J
J;owm oce ce o o _: o _ ) Gmag g
ams z14.
!. a (4), 2. eagaoa (4!), 8. g (28), 4. e
oaeea (25), 5. ggoga (!), u. qae (42), ge_qa
(8u), 8. gg Oga a (4), u, a a (88),
!u. eaLLaagqa (u)
6
a__eaaea oga g c_ g ooge ga ce _g ee
oa.
4
ee _eqg a_ea cLL oea 8 ege
qqaaaae_ aaaL_ Laae (Millennium Development
Goals - MDGs) ce L aeL _ g ge a a_e _o.
ogaaa L eaa g g, _eoge ga OqaLe ee
e , e Oe eaq goa , gg qe aeq qe g_q q ,
gea _e g_qq, ce.g. ] caLm,, amaa, eaeaa
e mL L aa eq q_q q , o_ ge ge q gge ga
qe aa egg Oea q , e eaL _e L __ ce _a q
ee Laae Oo__O_ aegoqg gg eLLaaq qo
ce_g gea a_e _oae __ee.
5
1.a. Gomm asgmggm Q
Oee eae ae goq g __ _ qqae .
Ogea e_a Oge ea e q ge_e Oeae ge _g.
Oee e Ogeme ae e Oqae !u84a e oaaa 5u
L ea ae g qag ga oaeea eme ce e e !
Leqg 5u aaae gqg. go, 2uu7a e aee
Oqae 7u Leaae _gemqq Qa oaeeaeme ceee
8u Leaae _gemqgg.
6
Oee e Ogem !u84-2uuua e _ee g
La aee Oqae _gemaeg e_ a gq Lqg
e g ae _gemq g g. q eaeL Lq g oaee
Oge eaa _e 2 oaeea e ga Lq g ag 4u
oaeeae g_e_e.
aee Oqae 5u Lea a 7u Lea a
oaee ceee ! Leqg 8u Lea
5u aa
2007 1984
(The Hindu, 28-02-2008)
Gommm mss Ggas mpgm masm Ggssm
(1ssz-zoo6)
7
oaeeae ceee _geaaoq_g _ ea oege
_geaae. Oeee aaeme Oaaqqe eae a 8u8
a LLa. Oqgee a_ga egeme a 2, 475 a LLa.
7
eme oaeea e , ege g oga oaeea e _eq ga qe
eaem qae gLoe _a . oaee ce e e _geaa_g
ce q_ eae qe eaeme q qaa, _eq qaa
Oaeaga _geaaegog eaqgaa.
_ae _ee g _e a a L e eaq g
Oeeeae eaem gg oee aeg 2u a LLa
oeq g gage ee _a . ea , e g Oee ea g_a
oaeea eme eaem ae oea ae g !8 a L La qae .
8
_qaog, gmLq geg g a_ O_ag Lq g_ g _e goe
aa, gg oeaa Oee_Lq oeqgL, e_a
_ge oaeea e a Oee _La a i eL _e
eLaeag aaLL Ome q_ge eaea.
eea cga Oea a q e e emeg g ae goq g
ogLLg. Oagaqaa oaeaLaag, e, agqgoa,
g ae_ g_ea oae _La. ea, Oagaqaa
oga ag ae goq g a eLLa i qe Oag
Oagaqa oae qoa__g ceq. aa_ae, eeq gaee
ema _eOeeemee Loeee qo cegqae.
Oeeea aegoqg aeLLoqe oae aee
qaae g ee e ge e _ea . o_ _a Oagaqa
aaa_a qL__g :
l _geme ga Ome , eaqaaqa , ae ee e ,
oa ag
l _gemega ceOea (OLaeaa) qo
w qeaeeg e Oe
w aL_g _Qae Oeao g
w ema oa Oomaaga _ _geaaoqa
OoaLa .
l qoae _ qoe__a oaeea e oaa e
goqa _qq, ge g_aqgegeg Oaga
qa g
8
l _gemega qge
l _gemega ea_g aaoaLLa eoegg, g
ag e e mL L eL e e_e . ge
aaoaLea eL age.
l eme aae, oagge _.
l ae e Ooma Oe oa a_ _oa eLe geoa
qLaae gqa ee oagee ag.
l _e Oeem eeaae Qg aaaaeega,
ea aa aL _ ga aoqa - e , oag
ae_ _Lq qoeeg Qg __aeg_.
o ae g Oee e Oge ae ee g _ _a
qaae gea aegoqg __e aa__aa
qe a Oga qaqgL _a.
z.1. asgmgg gjgg mgssmam mmamm
Oagaqaa oa _g, ae eme ogaaea _geme _g.
go oaeea oaa eaqoa e gqae oaa goaa e . g ee e
oaeea oq gg oa e a_ ge oaa goaa e . _a
a_ g oq gg oa e Omaqae oaa goaa e . o
Oa aa a_ e. ae eme g a , _oa eme ema ce g
egq__g.
q a_eaae aee eaamega oea ea
oege _geaae e L oe _a . eae _geaae gog,
_eaae gog, aa aa e eL _og, qe ga _e ga
eae _ag - oOaaa aegoqg Omee
eaamega Loeee ce a_e_e. Lo, aeaae
__e gaa oaee Qgq qa e eL L L oe _a ce g
eameee oee_e_e.
ea , oOa aa ae goq ge e ege gq ga oae
ggaga _aaag. ea, aa aa , oaee Qgq qa a
o__ _gemqe a ee cq aga aegoqg
Omege gq ga eae L Lg . __a gaae _g
eaqgaaaeg i
aaOga eae _ag, aaOga aaaaee
eL _og, aaOga oaee Qgq qa ee eL _og - o_ ge
9
Oe aa ege e oeaL aae ge ga a_ _Oame eaqae .
_ag e_qaga Lea eae o_geeae OeLL
agga , ae goq g Ome g_oq_ g gae _gemq g
og_g. eLq 2u e_em eaem aegoqg ae a 25
_e ea_ _gemq g g.
9
ee aa eaa , a_a
_geaaogqae Ome _geaaoq_ ga eaea ce a e
Oqmee_e. ea oeg !% _gemeeLLa _qea oaee
ae goq g u.u% _geaa_oqae a oaa e g_ c_
e_ea.
10
_ge ogaae_a g_oae ae e Oqaea eLa
_Oamee aLa aeqaq aegoqg __, _ge aee
Oqaea g_oae ogaae_a e gaa aemega
ce cgaaaeee Lag. ea - aaaa - oaee Qgqqa ce_
ae goq g __ gg e o og ga (Vicious circle). ge g
a_ _qe qoa _geaae eLa ae goq g __a
g a_g.
asgmgg - mgssmam mmamm
a__eaae _gemega
oaeeq qo
_gemega eL_aaea
_gemega oaee
aea_
qo - _ge ea,
aaaa, oaee Qgqqa

o
a

a
g

(Pune Traffic & Transportation Forum - Vision, Policy and Recommendation for Pune)
10
_gemega
Ome
aaoa_,
ee,
qge
ea oega
_geaae gq
a gea
Ome
_geaaga
agea aga
_ge Ome
L, goe gg
ae a_geeg
aa_ gaq
L,
goe
gg g
Oog
aea
_gemqa
oaeeqqo
_gem
a_ ee L e oe oge g g Oee e Ogea
_q _La oe_a. qeaaa oaeeaeeeae oege
_geaae goq eL _ ae goq ge g_a Le eaaa
aeq qoe aaea (Transportation Demand Manage-
ment - TDM / Mobility Management) c_a eaq ge e_ _ ga
__eg Oeee aa_oe_a. a__a, oaeeaeme L
Oaa e e g _e aq goa _me e Lag. aa_ae,ae e a_ ga
OagLeme LOaaeeg _e_ma _mee_a.
asgmggm L magm
(Car-Free Development - Sustainable Transport : A Sourcebook for Policty-makers in
Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2005)
11
aeq qoe aae a _ La _ge
ag La a_ ga g_oae Oece ga ae goq g
__eeg _e_ma _mee oe_a. g_oae agLa
a_ga _ge Oe cega aegoqg __e ce_egq
q oe _a . c_q ge eaL Lae, _oe a ga , g gea
_ge ag Lao. Laqa goe ea g_oae
OeLao. o_ ge g qeaaa oaeea eL _ge
_e_ma _mee oe_a.
erU kPg
_q aegoqg _e_ma ceg _ge Oe
g_ q ag La eq qga oaeea e
ce _e gq q m, g_ q Oe _ge ag La
eoaq qga oaeea ee g _e _ma qe a
oea _aa oe_a.
c_qgeeaLLae, _oe agea, ggea _ge
ag La eoa g_oae Oe Oea e _e.
o__e goOoag a LLa aeqg_ga _ge ag
ee _. ea gg a aL _a ae ga eamea
_qqea ae Laag.
ceo, Oee eae eaa , ce oga oea
_e_ma _mee oe_a.
!. _oe age
2. Laq
8. goe e
4. gg
5. qae (LLa)
u. eo oaeeae
7. qeaaa a_ge (eaae) ] g eee oaeeae
8. oaee Qgqqae.
(Mobility Management - Sustainable Transport :
A Sourcebook for Policty-makers in
Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002)
12
z.z. asgmggm os gm
Gomm mssm mm
Oee e eme oaee Oge e m oa e
aga, Oeeeae eae aaaga - Oeeea
Oga aae ae e g ee e oaeea emga , eaa emga
aqae ceee_a. ea, eea _go.
Oeee Ogeme aegoqg __e gqaae
cme eaa . g ge , OqaLa oe , goe , L ao
_q oeaaga . Oee e ae eme gL _Oaaq q aeq g
o__e aem !uu2a e 8u% e gqg 2uu4a
e 75%ee g_gLLg.
qeaa gee e oaeea e a_ ga a_ gem
a g e Laog oeaaga . o_ _e a em q
eaeLLqg 8%e gqg q_ag 22%e _gemqgg.
11
e Oaaq qq g , e _e ga Oee e ae eme _e ea
a g aea e g g, OqaLa oe , goe , L
ao__ eaaq ge_g. ce_a Oeeea 8u% Lqq
gee e oaeea ea , a_ gea _Lq ge Oeae _
Oeoqa _oa _qeaaae ae oee ceg ae_
aaaqqa__a eg.
gg 39% 29%
OqaLaoe 4% 5%
goe 14% 13%
L 29% 28%
geee oaeea 7% 18%
a_g 1% 4%
q 6% 3%
2004 1992
Gomm Ggsmm gmom gma m ms
(1ssz - zoo4)
CMDA, Draft Master Plann - II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026
13
Gomm Ggsm asm
mp msm 4g - zoo4
gg 2u%
L
28%
goe
!8%
geee
oaeeae
!8%
a_g
4%
q 8%
OqaLaoe
5%
gg 2u%
75%
geee
oaeeae
!u% !u% !u% !u% !u%
a_ g a_ g a_ g a_ g a_ g
qae 8%
oag (Truck) 2%
q !%
gg u%
CMDA, Draft Master Plann - II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026
Gomm Ggsm masmsm
mp msm 4g - zoo4
mmgasm mm
masmsm mm
14
ae e Oqaee eee Oe_ 2uu!-e Oee ea
7!% g_aae eg __eege g_oae e _em (!
_g 2 __e aL_a e _em) oee_ea. qga_
_o gL L a_ aa o g__ eae Lq q L L a 72%
g_a a e eoL q a_ ga g_ q ogoaa cmee
eaa qoa e ceq Oqma o qg.
12
ae e Oqaee eee Oe_
ce 2u% ae e ge gge ce _a oagq qgga_ _
Laem oee_ea.
13
e, Oee e ae em Oga ae aaaeaa g_oae
ogaaea eLaoa e . q qea Oga ae a ae eme
ae goq gq qoe _e eq gL _, a_ g oq
gge ga gae aaame qoee g _e _ma _me e
__g.
Oeeeae gL_Oaaqq aeqg 22 _eea_ aeeme
aea aL _a a_ ge _a , g ee e oaeea e
aaea LOg_g. ea, eaae 8u _eea_ Lqq
oa _Lqge Oeoqae moae Oqme e_e.
14
eaea, aaaaea aegoqg __ea o_geg
oegaaeo _aee_e_e.
_eoa eaaae Lqq oea _eaaea, Oeee
eme ae goq q Oagq qo, Oga ae a ae eme
qoe _e eq gL _ oegLq q a qL _ og c
egeg ege _mqaeo gg og_g. aeg _oe
_e ea _ ae goq g Oea ea _ L _
_eq g ae ee ga eaq goaae oea eaa La
_mqq c_a g_eeaeg _eaeg ga.
15
_oe _e _gea a o Oea eaae - eaem
oaeea e _ La Lam q qa q g, ae eme
ceee _ La _mee oe_a ceq egg Oeaa
oe_Oae, Ogaaea aeeme qoeae gge,
goe e Oe o, L q_ g Laq ao_ ge g
_e _ma _me eoe _a . ea , Oee ea oOa
aa OqaLag _eeee_e_e.
ae goq ge Oea e c_a a q Oomaae
gaae ea _ ae goq ge e e c_a eL _
15
ce ogaag g_ c__g: _e Qg gge L Oga
a_ g oq gg ame qoe Q_ Oea ao
ae _q q __g. qea goe a Oe oaa a_ ga
Lg Oeoame qoe _eeee_e_e. _ooa_,
g g ae _ Oag ae goq g __ee ga Qg
L g . Oee , Oag ae goq g __e
aqL_ ogcegeg qo_og.
ga ea_ aeeoqge eeeq gag e
_qeaaae qLee, q_g ceea e _aqae.
aegoqg __ee Oeae_ogoq_g a_g a_ga
g eee oaee e_qgaaae qLaae eea. oaeeg
qoae ee ge _e Oea e og c qaL _ _oa
ee gq qoaae ae goq ge Oea ee egoae g
_aa e . oegLq q aL _e g gaa eme a_ g eaa q
oagee __a q_g qoae eg.
oa eme Oea ee g _ o aaea em ga ga
aaaae Oga Oe eLL_e_e. __egaa oaee
Qgqqae eL_a gLLae gLL_e_e. Oag eqqe
Oeae_ _aee_a qqeaq gLLae caa Oaeaga
a_geme ceeea _gemeeo Oeaa. eeaa
qea aegoqg aga aga aaeaaeo aaga.
ceo, a_ gee eae aa aa eL _q , __e gaa
oaee Qgq qa e _aq q ae _ __e ce _e gq
q mL _, g ge ae _ Oag ae goq g __e
e g ga , goe e ga , L g Oe a oe
_a ga qae ae goq ge e eq ga e ga o ce _g
_q ae eL_.
16
16
mapg asgmggg gLLm
a.1 gp
aegoqg oege _mg gaaeg _eea
aae ge ga a_eme __oa emeg g aLa e_ qae
a _La ae goq g __ _aa oe _a . _e ea
Oe oa _ga qo_ _ qa _oge g ce ea Oe
oga _q ga ge Lag. _ a_e _ Oeeo Oea q
qoge aa aga gg__ OeaaeLag.
ce oga Qem qae a aL _e e_a a
a_eme aegoqg meaa oae _Lqg.
1. GgaLss Q
z. gp
asgmgg
a. GgaLssQ
masmmm
4. _mam
masmmm
.
gmam
magss
Q
aaLL Oag aegoqg,
qaae gg - OqaLa oe oeg,
Leea, goeega oege,
a_geega g eee
oaeeaeega eL_a_
_eomL_a a_ge,
g_q _ gge
geee oaeeae,
ga a_ge
oee a Oag
aegoqg, oegLqq
ggmLa a_ge
gg oe,
goe
a_ ee L Qem 4og Qaae _eoga
a_ g oq gge ga Qae cL cq g, q_ eae
Oga Qgaee OeL _ eLa aa_e
mge egqqe.
(Car-Free Development - Sustainable Transport : A Sourcebook for Policty-makers in
Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2005)
17
Oga aae ae e Oea qaae a_ g oq gge ga
Qa ea_ g aaoa_, Ome , e e , q ge ,
ceOeaeeae _egagae eaaggqq, Oagaqa g,
OoaLq, aee geq qL, a_e o _, em
aa o Oqm aq Q, oaL _ _ae g_, g
_geaaq - ce cee__ Laa_e egqqe. aga
egee_ei
qogemeg g aLa e_ _ a a_eme ea e
ag e _a g g a_ ga OqaLa oe eoe
eaae _gemq q , Le ea , goe e ga e eamq q ,
qeaaa oaeea ee eL _ _q gq ce _ 5og Qaae
qaae oagee ee ae aee_e.
17
e_a
ee _e e ea eae amm , e Le , eae _ee ,
m Lae eaa , a e a , aa c a_a qag qogem g g
aLa e_g ga aqa Oqm Oeage.
a_ gea , aa aa ea ae eme oag
ag e aq qag ce q eea g q ea e ag
qaae oag e e ce q e eaee Oeae _ ae goq g
__e aa__ _aee_e.
q_ ag Oee ea ga oae _e oe e _a aa aa
ea, __egaa oaee Qgqqaea _o__a eL_eeLaeaq
oaee _gem a _ Oeeo aa_eme ea e Oea g
_qg, aLa e__ qogeqaei
a_Oeaee, aegoqg meaa oae Qem
8og Qaae OqaLe e Q oaee aaq geg g, 4og
Qaae __aaae oaee aaaaqgeg Oeee ea Oeq
OqaLa age _g. (Early Motorisation stage to Full Motorisation
Stage) _qaog - gg mLa oaeea e ce _ Qaeg g
c aga oaeea oq gge ga Qa ae e Oe
Oee e _a_ e _g. (c aga oaeea oaa eaaa, Laqa
ceg ag e _. aa_ae, caga oaeea oaaaae
oe _a ce _ g gL LL _ egoae e __g ce gqae
eoameee ag.)
g qa__g. qqaeg. q_g aa_ae, Oeee 8og
Qaae OqaLe e Q qaeaa Qaeg g, aae
5og Qaae qaae oag e e Qe g (Early Motorisation
18
stage to Quality of life Stage) qo aaeee aa_ _a. aa_
oe_a. go __Laaae _aa.
Oeee Oge _ geem qea ae oea
L, goe , g g, OqaLa oe ao_ _e a g
!uu2 8u% e g qg 2uu4 75%ee g_ gL Lg.
q eaeLLqg a_g a_ga geee oaeeaeme ag
8% e gqg 22% e _gemqgLLg.
18
g Oee e ae goq g __ Qq gge ga
aegoqg (Sustainable Transport) __aegg, Qqggee
aaq __e g aagoqe eaL __g. ee aa a
a_eme ea e _eq ga Qq gge ga ae goq g
__eae L, goe, gg, OqaLaoe __eeg
aa_ eeaae _a_ e a_ Oeae _ e. ea , Oee e
em _ Oeeo ge ga q __ee ea a_ _aa
Qa e_ aoq oee aae_aa. og oaaq
qem goqaea , aa_eme ea e gg qaq
g
m

o
o

1. GgaLss Q
z. gp
asgmgg
a. GgaLssQ
masmmm
4. _mam
masmmm
.
gmam
magss
Q
aaLL Oag aegoqg,
qaae gg - OqaLa oe oeg,
Leea, goeega oege,
a_geega g eee
oaeeaeega eL_a_
_eomL_a a_ge,
g_q _ gge
geee oaeeae,
ga a_ge
oee a Oag
aegoqg, oegLqq
ggmLa a_ge
gg oe,
goe
(Car-Free Development - Sustainable Transport : A Sourcebook for Policty-makers in
Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2005)
19
OqaqgL_q q_e_e. Oeee eaa qeg _c
gega ggqa ageaeeq qoga eaae ge_gi
ceo, Oeee aegoqge aa_qgog ceg
_qe aaae _ Oeeo ge ga Qq gge ga ae goq g
(Sustainable Transport) __e ageagqae. L, goe,
gg, OqaLaoe aegoqg oegeme aem aeeme
Oaaq q aea em 75%e g q ageaq g, eaae ,
aa_qgogqae eLeq qo.
a.z. Ggaasg (Vision)
l Oee e Ogea oagq qg q eaae (Liveable
City) _aoq_ g ooge ee a ae goq g
__a egoae gq . ae eme oag e eq qq q
(Quality of life) aa_qgq.
l aee aaee Oeaoaa, age _ (Move
people, not vehicle) ce _ _ La _eome
qoea n_Oeaaea, _eome __a
aae oag e g ooge ee a ae e aa
_q ga eaq goaae ae goq g __a
_aqq.
l Oeeea oega, Oomaegg Oeeeeg o
gega e_a q__aea _eogegaae
ae goq g oege __aaae _me ga _q
q g - cga oga eaa em Oee ea
oag aga cga eaq q__aea _oa eg
qoe n_Oea oq_ g ag c aq oea ,
Qq gge ga ae goq g (Sustainable Transport)
__aae Oeee aegoqg __a aa_gq.
a.a sg (Goal)
l ae e _eoga - Oagaqa Q, e , aqa ,
eag, oag, aeea , eL g_e eL L c q ag
a_a e _ _ooa qoea , eoea
eaqaaqaa, _ge OagL Oeoa e _ cmg
20
_Lae Oea ae aqae ae goq g __a
aa_ gq .
l ae goq g ce g a geme ae ea _ .
aeeme aeea ceq eggOeaq.
l ogL L oeaae ae goq g __e
ae_qgoame aee Oqae qqgeg _a,
_aegoqg __ae Qqggega (Sustaina-
bility) qe aa egq g Oeae _a , _eoge ga
ema emaaae a g Le ga oea ae g
oqg ee ga QaL_q. g_ae, _e
ae goq ge eae Qg gge L ga , Oag Laae
eaemga ee ga Q aL_q.
l aegoqg __e eLea, o_geg
a ageaqae gq eggOeaq.
l eaQ aa__a (Climate Change) emLL cgaeaq
q__aeme oag e age eaq oeaga ,
q gge ga ae goq g (Sustainable Transport)
__aaea gq egg Oeaq.
l ae goq g ce g _eq gq q cege ga ema
Oagaqa oaeeg o ogqae geee Oeaq.
l Oeee oagqqgq eaae gq egg Oeaq.
eae, Oqgee aegoqgeeaeo aL_a,
_o ae eme ee oag _ eaeo ce q
QaL_q.
a.4 gjssa (Objective)
l Oee e Ogem Oga ae a ae eme
ae goq g _ Oeeo Qq gge ga oa e e g
eeqqae ge_g. _qe ageaqq.
l Laqa ae _q goq e gq q ,
_gemq q .
l goe ae goq g __a e gq q ,
_gemq q .
21
l g g ae goq ge _geaae gq , e
aae gq .
l qae (LLa) aegoqq egqq
l _eq g ae goq g __ee ga La
ggae __qgq.
l oaee Qgqqae ___qgq.
l qeaaa qaeaa oaee ae goq ge __
_qgq, eL__qgq.
l ea_ g aaoaL ea , ge aaoaL ea eL _
_qgq.
l ceOea aeaLLe eeeaaegq.
l eaaae eLea , Oqa ea , Oag
aqae Oeaa_ea ageaqq, aa_qgq.
l g_ qOome , a eae e , aa_La e
ageaqq, aamqq, _geaaegq.
l Oqge e oaeea emLg g L _ ae ee g
_mqq. gag ggem oaee aegoq
gee eL__qgq.
l oa ggea , aa ea ageaq q ,
_geaae gq .
l qgeq qaqq
l ao aegoqg_g o Oeaq
Lmsss
a..1. Lag mmag
Oeeeae Oaaqq aegoqg 28% Laeae
a LOg_g.
19
ea, cq gg eaaga Laq
__aae _ae e L . Oee eae eae
eqg aaa Loae _, ea, Oeeeae
ea qgem _am 8!% ga, eaaaLoam 25%
ga aqeame qae . g Oea aaq g_ _q ge ge Le ga
qeLei
20
22
Laea gg ee_q aegoqg __. qea,
o_ ge g aao_og . e Oee . eL
q g_ g ee q eL_ a_ aae _a_g. eL_ gaee
g_e _g. geme _qe aaae ae oe Lqae .
Oeeea _eqg cmega _geaae ag g_q
Oqa qoee eaeq qae . q qea g_ q
aeaeeg ee_qg Laeaqae.
Laea Oag aegoqgLe eqg. gg,
OqaLa oe aea go Ooae gL_a e _ L
aea e e g e. ceo, Oee e Ogea
__ae ga L ae oege aa _q ga oea -
Oee e Oge L aeq gL La ge _e ae e
a e_ Le egoae Oea _q q oe _a . _q qea
Oea gL La ce oga _a ea e e Le aqae ge e
oe_a.
!. _eqg eaemga g__a Laqe _aee
L oe _a . _o_ _e g_ qL e _ea Qgeae e
L _, _qe _eq g eaemga eL Laaaae e
oe _a . (eaae _ea g_oae ge gLa em
oaee aegoqgeeae Laqae g_eeL oe_a.
Laqae _eq qe g_e ee Lag. o oag
Oea oqa oaee ae goq g g_ g, ae e ae g
oqg aaaLLa).
2. Laqeme eaa oage e L oe _a . q
eaaaeg oaeea e Laqa e e eaa
q_ qae ge ga _q oa , _gaoa , gg qe
_eaqaea gee oe_a.
8. Laqeme gge e e ea OL e , Oqaq
OqaLa OL e , Oqge ge , a ee ,
oa q qe Qgoea eme __ e , eLeme e ,
eqe ae_ cga qLaae geee Lag.
4. Laqe eLe Laqeme ga _a eaae ge e
oe_a. _o, Lq_g Le aqoag __
_q q L oe _a. qoaae La em Laqe
eLe , Laqe e _e ga qoaae _e g
23
Laqeme _ea _geaae e L oe _a .
(Laqe eLe aqeameeg Leae .
aa_ae, _oa ee g eoam eoaeq qae ge _g.
Lo, L oa ee g agea aea Laqe
eLe gee_e - ggea Laqa Lee
aee _ee_og ae_ Q Oeeea aqq_g,
a e a eaa e eLe g ga , _qea LaaL La
g ga gg eaea - ceo, Laqe eLe
_ _ _q qe Lag. qoaae La em _oa eme
ae_Le ___qqaa).
5. Laqee ga g g Qgq qa ee ga aae
OqaLa ge ga oea Laqe ooae e
oe_a.
u. eL e__ _aa , gg qe , _gaoa e ae _q ga
oea Laqe _aee oe_a.
7. L oa e eaee eLe e goae _eq g
eaemga qoaae Laem qaLL _a
aqeame eLega gge _aeeL oe_a. ea
qaee aaq La ce ema ae a QceeLL
gg Laem aL_a Lq_eae aaaaa, oae
Laqaa _ae eaa . _o_ _ ega e eL _e
_aeeL oe_a. Oee, ggqe ae_qga
oea aa a - oa e Laqe Oome eq gL_a
aaaaea aameeL oe_a.
8. Laqe _eq ga a aaae ageae e L
oe _a . Laqem Qg qga aa e oa e e
oe_a.
u. eaem Oe ga oaeea eme eL Lgaae oe
_e _o _aa gq egg_qq oe_a.
goa qeee oe_a.
!u. Laqe oageeLL ceea, ga ee,
eq _q gq , oaee Qgq qa , g e OeaL _q ,
aa ae_ cqea _o__ __ageee Lag.
24
!.5u LLa !,2uu 8uu
2.uu LLa 2,4uu !,uuu
2.5u LLa 8,uuu 2,4uu
8.uu LLa 4,8uu 8,2uu
4.uu LLa u,uuu 4,uuu
gg aqg eLega aee ceee
gg gea g geemga
Laq
_ea
eg
ga eae _a (Indian Road Congress) ogqg
geme ea _ Laqe ce ogaag
_aeeL oe_a.
l eaae g_a emga Laq _ae e L
oe_a.
l Laqeme _ea _ q eaem Oe ga
ae e ce e ee g _ _ae e L oe _a .
ea , c q gg Laqa ge _ L La
_eqgeg g_aaa _aeeL oe_a.
eLq Oqge em q Laq _eq g aga
_qae gg LLa eeeL oe_a.
gg Qaa, OqaLaoe Qaa, Oa_gaeg
gg, a ea a La em q Laq _ea
qoee_ _gemeeL oe_a.
L aqem aga Oome ea qga e ge
_ae e L oe _a . aqeame _aga ge ee ,
qoaae Laem ga ecLae, ea oeaL
La e , Qg qga aa e ae _oa _ae e L
oe_a.
Lag s gp
Rakesh K.S., Evaluation of the pedestrian environment - A Qualitative approach -
Case study of Theagaraya Nagar - the commercial hub of Chennai city.
(Indian Road Congress)
25
- a_eeL _eqqa eLeaqae Laqe
Oea gL La egoae e L oe _a . qae g m
ggee eae _ q gL Lq q eLeaae egoae Oea
_qq oe_a.
a..z. gmm
Oee ea Oaaq q aea em !8% goe e
aae LOge_e.
21
ea, eaem q_Oee _
oaa, oegea . goe e aao_q qaa , _ge
Oe aa gga a_ ga _q qq Oqa aea
eeg eeqqae _ae_e. Oeeea eLgae qg
_geaa ogoq qaega cma, aae eL_a_aaea
goe _a_g.
Oee eae agae ga _geaae aea ee g
goea ee_q oaeea. eeaae aee goea
ae_qq gaceaga _g ageaaeqae . g_ae
m Oe oage g ee qqae goe g qagga ,
agea egg _oae oaeeae aLoeg.
ceo, Oee e Ogem goe ae goq ge
eae qeq gLLqq ogqg Oea_qq oe_a.
ggm g agsm
gg gg __a uu g eee oaeeae,
8u qaee, 2u a_geeg eaae a
e _ _e Oe ga . ceoqae ea _a eme
ee_q aegoqg oegaae gg egq_
_g.
gg me gg aLLa Oqa gg
aeq ge _qOqa a_ g a_ ga
gee e oaee aeq gLe g cL La _g
ceogaag _aa.
26
a..a. gg
Oeee aeeme gL_Oaaqq aeaem e_ega
_qeLq g g o g ge qae . Oga ae a ae eme
geem aea gq aca Lg Oeaege_g. ea
q qee eaaae L Lq ga _eaa ea e g gea
_eeqq oqe.
mas ggsm nmssm s m
(1ssz - zoo4)
a_g geee oaeea
cmeeg qo gqL gqL
5 aLag _gea 2.u aLag _gea
ceOea Oe gqL gqL
!!.8 aLag _gea u.8 aLag _gea
eaa La gqL gqL
88 aLag _gea 54 aLag _gea
(Towards Cleaner Air in our city, CEE, Pune, The Hindu 06-03-2006)
(Bus System Operation in Chennai, Seminar on Transportation in Chennai,
Anna University)
e_ gge ae
!uu2 2858 85 Lea
!uu8 28u4 4u Lea
!uuu 28uu 48 Lea
2uuu 2778 88 Lea
a_ ee L moa eme !uu8a e 28u4
ce _ ce e eaae g q g ge 2uuua e
2778ee g_qe. ea, !uu2-2uuu La a_geme
ceee g aLaeaea, g eee oaeeaeme ceee
aeg aLaeaea _gemqqe.
27
!uu!-2uuu La g g ae ce e e 48
Leqgegg 88 Leaaee g_qg.
22
ooag qg Lea a
g g aeq q eL _oa e g g aeq q
ga aqg eaea . g g oege g_e e L Lgqae
eaea .
Gommm gg mpgm g oss masm msm gm
(1ssz-zoo4)
Oaaqq aeaem ag !uu2 2uu4 aa__a
gg 8u% 2u% -!u%
g eee oaeea 7% !8% + !!%
CMDA, Draft Master Plann - II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026
aae g geme ce e ea _geaae eq qo_a
qe oae _q q a_ ga ge qag _g_ e
ee Oeae _ qaeaa g ee e oaeea e qoe
__a oaa ga eL Laaq g q L Lq g eaL __g.
qeaqae Oeeea geee oaee ceee qagaa_ae
_gemqqg. (Oeeeae Oaaqq oaee ceeea geee
oaeeae aL_a 7u% ga. ea, __a gea u7%,
_aa 4!%, Oeaeqqa 48% ce_ _qae geee
oaeeae ee).
23
_e ae eaa em aae ae goq ge egeq ge
gge ceeea qge _o _gemqgg oo_ee
aqaga. ea, gagaaeg _. Oeeea gg
oege _gem g __ ae eae aa_ _a ee Oeae _o
oe _a . _o ce oga _a ea e e Le aqae ge e
oe_a:
!. aae aegoqge egeqge a Oeee Oge
_ ae e _a g geme ce e ea
g_qLea uuuu ggeae _gemee oe_a.
2. aae ae goq ge egeq ge g gem 8 e _
eeg aae g_a ga gge aa_gog _e
Oeaeaae gee oe_a.
24
ceo, cL_ e_eeg
28
a ga ggeeg gae ga gge oaae
L oe_a.
8. ggeme _q aeeqg_g gg ggeg 7.5 _q
8.2 ce _ _ aa e qo. ceo, g ge
ce e ee g _ aa eme ce e eaa
_geaaee oe_a.
4. _eqg gg Qaaea eaaeeL oe_a.
g gee eae ae e _ge Oqa Le eq qoa
aq oea gg Qaae _aeeL oe_a.
_o_ _ cmg _@ee a oea Laqe
_ae e L oe _a . a a_em e g ae g,
goe e g g Qaq ga agea ae
L_eOe goe Qgqqae oe_a.
5. m aaeoa ee g _me e _a oe ae
_L La ae _q g, c a g gemga ae e
__age e oe _a . (aa_ae, eaqae g gee g
aL_aqae ege cee _eLag.)
u. g g ae goq g (Bus Rapid Transit - BRT)
__a Oeeea ___e_qq oe_a. q_eae,
eaqgaege eLeaae a Oeaa oe_a.
BRT k[ kk?
g gee Oeae _ oaea , Oeageaea ,
g_q Oe ea_aem aea Oeaaea gmq
ae goq g __qae BRT - g g ae g
oqg (Bus Rapid Transit) __ ce__g. eeaa,
e OaL a a qga _eq gqaae oegea
ggee OeaeL Ogogqae BRT ga.
eaae g ge , eaae g g Q
aae, qeaq, aeeL_ __ ae_ _eqgga
gaee Oeae Lgqae BRT. ce oga qe aem
o_ _aa, o_ _aa _g Oeae Lqae ge ga
(cao__a Oeaegeeq qoa).
29
BRTlk GeGe
H g gee gq qeo (ea , c a Lq gga
eL Laaa )
H e g g Qaa e . g geme gg
oaaga , g g Qa_a ea eaq g ge ga .
(a Qaq g Qaq ge q_a , oe ae
q_a eaaae gg a) qea, ggeeg
qoa.
H aee L _e g gem Le eag. g g
Qaa ema aee L e oaa e oe _a .
(a Qaa em e g a.) qea ,
ae oae _, _ae aga.
H g ge _g eaaeoaae, _eaaee eq
eLe gega.
H gge oge __ ee@ aaaaee_a.
go Ooag Qaq gga c q Lq g_ g __q q
gg cqqe eaem oga ceg ee@q
g _a , __ e _a g eaaae
_me e _a .
H gge g aao_qqaq cmOagm aaga.
a_ ee L qe ae o_ _aa, _eq qaa
Oeae Lqae Lq g_ e_ BRT gL La e _ae e _
e_e. gaa _eaqaaq, gge, eaeLea,
e, a, Ogaa, aa a eaem BRT gLLa
_ae e __g.
(Bus Rapid Transit - Sustainable Transport : A Sourcebook for Policy -makers in
Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002.)
7. ee ca aegoqg __ea qa ggoea
aaeaa _me e _o qae . gaa ea oeg,
aa aa , oaeea Qgq q oe La , OL aea
OagL ee g aaeaa , ome g ce oemga
a_ gee g Oag Qgaeg g a__eaae aaeaa
_me e __g.
25
ceo, qge _o aae ae g
30
oqge egeqg_g aaeaa _mqg gge eLLeqqe
g_ee oe_a.
8. gaae c q aga _o g ge egea e
L, qeaaa g ge _ q __a aa e .
ca Laemga _o aegoqge egeae _ae
Oea _e _e. qe a ea Oaa cq
g e.
26
ceo, Oee eae g g ae goq g
__a ggaga qeaa __age ee Lag. _g
qoa__g.
u. _eq g g g __ea gga eq g g g
aegoqg __ eaaaaee, g_aL ae_qgq
gLLa ge_e (Bus System Modernisation & Optimisation Initia-
tive) _ _q q oe _a . g g eL La e aga
g_a L ae _q gq , oe g ge g_a L
e g ae goqe a ae ce e ea _ge
aae gq , g g aeq q Oeageae gq , ce Oea
e eea , g_ q Oe, _ge ogaaea , agea , aao
aL L g_q q ce _eq qa g e Le e
oe_a.
a..4. GgaLa mm
Oeee Ogem aaga ea_q OqaLaoeeme
ce e ea _geaae e oe _a . OqaLa oe __e ga
g gee ga La gga e _ _q q oe _a .
(c_qgeeaLLae - _eqgq OqaLaoe Qaaem gg
Qgqqae _aqq, g aeeL ega aqq
ae _o)
Oea e L _, ga e , ggo ga , oe em ce
ae g oq qLa emga aa ga OqaLa oe eoa
Oae aga eaae a , oe eme ce e ea
_geaae a OqaLa oe __a e OaL ae g
eaae aa__ oe_a. ooag Oeaog Oeeeeg OaLa
gLLqqe Oeae_ogoqL _ge aeqga.
a... gam (LLa)
ea_ aegoqg qaee e _eaaae Lqq
ce e _e. _o a_ ge ae g _ge Lq q
31
_L g . g ae ga Qa . oaee
Qgq qq qoa g_qae . a_ geLe g cL La
aeeeg _ge Oe . ceo, qaee aegoqge
_o ee_qq oe_a.
qae gL _a ee g eL _ aaee a oea qae
eL Leq q ggq g _aq g _eq g qaeemga L La
eL Laaaae e L oe _a . oaLe qae gL _ea ea
L aeL _ _oa e Oea qaae qae oaa e aaeaq gLe a
oLaa oqqoe eLe ogae oe_a.
a..6. Gmo sLLmm
Omeae a em ege g _ g _qe aaae
ggeeg qeaaa oaeeae ggoq_g eLLea gega
__ ag ea emga caa og_g. g_ ae,
aea, eLe a eaem a__ e Oo__eaae
OeaaL eg. aa, eae_ee, cea, mLaeeaa
ae_ eaea a__eg aa_e.
27
Ome qg eaa gga _q oaeeaea
_ Oeeo aea Oea oaga , g gem a aga
Omee e c aga eaqaaqq qa age e _e _ea .
ceo, Omeae eaa, Omeae qg aea Oeaa
qeaaa a_ ge g qee eL Lea g qa Ome
g__g. aea cmqa_g. Lo, ae goq g __a
aa _q q Qga Le _g. Ome eL Lea ge ga ag
_qe oe q_ eae oaeea e Qgq qoa, ge
oga eoa qoa . q_ Oe aa cma eq Oqa
gLae L__a gee_e.
ceo, _ge Ome e gg eaem , Omeae
aem qeaaa oaeeae gga Ome eLLea gega
__a Oee ea ___e _q q oe _a . qe
L__ _q q, a e me _e aagmaaee Oeae _
ee@ eae eLLea (Electronic Road Pricing - ERP) gega
__a _aee oe_a.
28
a..1. masmm QgggLs pgggg
Oee ea gg La eq q, Oga aae
La em Qgq q _a oaeea ee g eL Lea cga
32
oeee_og . qeaaa eLLLaem oaeea Qgqqa
emae eL Lea ge e _og . oaeea e Qgq g
oe e _a Lq g_ g gg ae ag ge _g. _gga
Oeeea Qqge ag ee _gea. _q Lqg_g ema
eLLea oeeeLaa gg _oeg g ga. g_
ae Oee eae eaea , Oqge ea eL Lee _
qeaaa a_ge eqg Q_g _oeg Oga gaga.
a a_em Oag Laem a_ge Qgqq gg
a q ge g 8u aa o eL Lea O_ __g. oga
a_em qeaaa e _aq g oaee Qgq qa em gga
qgeg 8u aa, gg aeg 4uu aa ce_ _ oaLe
oee e __g.
29
oOa aa a_ g emaaaa e
eLLea Oegqqq qaaae gqa eaL_e_e.
oaeea Qgq goq __ _q g, _q_ g eL Lea
gqe a qoaaa a_ge Ooma ogoqe
g_ee _a.
ceo, Oeeeae eaem oaeea Qgqq eaqgaaae
ggeq Oqm Oq_q g, _a g aL _a eL Leq gLe
oaeea e Qgq q __age e oe _a . oeaae oaeea
Qgqq Oeeea ga LaL ce_ Q egoaeeL
oe_a. qea, a_ge qoae_ eaeg ogog -
g_ae gg a_g g ggoa ag q_ee_a.
_q eaaa , __e gaa oaee Qgq qa cqea _o
_aeee Lag. qeaaga _aee __ageee Lag. __eg
aa oaee Qgq qa _ae e _a ggem oaee Ome
Oaeaga _gemega q, g_aag.
qeaaa a_g Omeq qaega oea - e gqae
a_ g oaa goaa , _ q a_ ge ca e Qgq goaa e
ce qea ema qaq gLe eaL a ce e, ga a_
ge oaa e __age ga __ae Oee ea eL Laaaae e
oe _a . Lo, a_ ge L _e g Qgq q Le _
Oqge em Qgq g o amLa - Oag Lq ge e
q_eae qee eLLea oeee oe_a.
- a_ ee L _eq qa e Le a - oaee Qgq qe
Oeae (Parking Policy) egoaeeL oe_a.
33
a..8. masmm a gg
e _ge _ aee oge qga eLqOqgee ae_
La e , qeaaa oaeea e __age e Laq ggeae
aa__L oe_a. c_qgeeaLLae, Oeeea _ge _
ae e ogeqga Oq_ g em aae ea, ae gaa ae _
Laeeg qeaaa oaeeae __ageee Lag. qea
Ome g_g _e _geaaga.
a..s. sapg maaag
oaeeaemegg Oomaaga eo eae eL__qq
gaae, eggaae Loe ee a_ Oea L oe _a .
q_eae eaqee g_qg, qog Oeaoaq qeee
oe _a . Oag ae goq g oegeae g g, oaLe
a_g, qae ao__ a_e cmoa - CNG - cmOag
aae eL Laaaae e oe _a . q_ eaga Oee _e
_mee oe_a.
a..1o. mmas
aaaae eeaaaeo aegoqge aa_qg
e_eoa ceg eea __oga eeg eaage_g.
Oqe Oeamaae q eae aa eLL ee eae
ae goq g oega aa _q q oe _a ce q_ eae
aaaae qgq qme.
30
_a a eL L L L aa aa eme ae g_q g LaLa
a Qgoea Lqga a _ag _aeeLL aaaa
eeg e Oeea, _qea Lqq ea gcL_
aa q qa gL _Oaaq qq g Oagaqa g qae _gea ce
agcL_g.
31
aaaaea aegoqg oege aa_og .
L, goe, gg a aegoqg __e aaaa
ea agee_e_e. a_g a_ga g eee emaaaa
e aL_a qea q_eaeeaae aeLe_ea.
ceo, gg g_cLL Lqg eLLaaaae aaaa qo
ce g eq Oqmoae, __a a oaae a e a
QceeLL cee _ag aaaa _aeeL oe_a.
34
aa aq ge qo, _aa La , ooa oOa aa
g qe eaa _ aq qe ee eaae qe _a cea
ag cL L oe _a . aa aa _aa _e _g g_q q
oa ea _o_ _e qoe eae eaea ea
ae emLq g a _q g, ae eme egq gee eL L
ce ea qae gg _ c_e e oe _a . aa aa e eL
_eeLL ce ema e Lqgqa ceqa __aae
agd_ Oeaa oe_a.
a..11. GmLa m
gg, OqaLaoe ae_ a_O_ag Oag aegoqg
__qae OaL a aga . a_ _o qaL L _
aa ga ag, OaL a a - _e ga a , qaL L a ,
Qq q a ce _ e g Qea qoe e_ e qqae
_ae e __g. ee _e e ea em OaL a
gLLa OeaL_ og_g. aea, _aaeaa, q, aeae
a eaem g_cLqqee aegoqg __aae OaLa
ag_g.
Oag ae ee g ae Le a _ q ae goq g
__qae ce _agga OaL ao _ae e e _ge
Oeoaga. e _ge eaqaaq_a ga. goOoag a LLa
Oqae g OaL a _ae e . 2uu ea _q . 88u ea
o Oeoaee _a ce ae goq g o ga e Oqme
e_ea.
32
qgLLqq qaLL _ _aega OeoL,
_e ga OaL ae g _geaaea , _qL _geaae Qq q
gLLqg_ga Oeoaga ceq Oqm_g.
ooag e _ge Oeoaga OaLa gLLqge _aee
Qg ca g g oga ? eLe , qeaaa Qg, OomaL _ eq ce
cgoaeaga _qeq gg c _L g c ? OaL a
gLLqg_eae _e Qg _qcLaeoa, eL_eg oLaaeoa,
aaeaaaeoa gg c L L La - q ae goq g __
eae gg, Laq ae_ qoe _eeeeLaqa?
_ Oeeo e_a Qg _ _ae g_Le ge ga e , ga ,
g, oag ae_ qoeeeae Qg ggeLL OaLa
gL La age eaqa? - ce e e OaL a gL La
c__g.
35
GmLamL, gg asgmgg (BRT)
gLLm mmLg Apgg
gg gLLqg OeL_a Qg, _qgLLqqa Lega
aee Oeae _ n_Oea a L oe _a cee eggea -
_q_ g OaL a ee q gL La _ . OeL _a Qga
aae eLLeae a gga Ogoq_g OaLa o
i g_qLea OaLao aegoq_eae Oeee
L (Operational Cost) ggc c_qae OaLa gLLa .
ea _aa eaa , a e a , eaoaaa ae _ gme _
OaL ae e qae ae goq_ eae Qga gg c c_e e _e.
ee a_ _ c a OaL a gL La ea _e aaeaq qe
Oeae_qae aage_e.
OaL a gL La e _ae e e Oga _ qea
qo __g. OqaLa g _qe ae ea aaeaa ce _
oaa oaee _eoga _oe, q Qgae OeL_ gg
oega Oge gog, Laqe _a g, goe
eeg oeg Oeaog ae_ Oeae e OeaaeLag ce
aegoqgq g_ __ae ee_ea.
33
Oogae e ae goq g __eme ae ea g_oae
Oe _geaae a e, oae ae ee Oea ogqae .
_q oea cao__aL _qg gg. BRT ce_a
g g ae goq g __ aae ae ga _q
_ aee, OaLa aae aee oee oe_aaea,
_q_g BRTaL !uu aLag _ge Oeoaga ce aoaae
g_c_e_ea. ea, ega Lega e gegqae.
34
_aaeaa (West Rail) . 88u ea
eaaaa (Star) . 2uu ea
aaeae (Sky Train) . 2u4 ea
Oaeea L . !u4 ea
eeam (Ooeooa) . 8uu ea
GmLa gLLggpsam gmo Go
(gmGmag a LLa Ggasgm)
(Mass Transit Options - Sustainable Transport : A Sourcebook for Policy -makers in
Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002.)
3
6
asgmgg ms psgm GmLa Qgg GmLa s BRT
GmLa (gg)
La aaeae eeam Oaeea L OaeaLLa
(qaaag) (Ooeooa) (Oaeea) (Oeaacaa)
Oqa 28 .. !2 .. 24 .. 4!. ..
Oaaqq _qc_ .u8uu ea . 444u ea . 888u ea . 852 ea
(. eaa)
gg a LLgeg . 2u5 ea . 8u! ea . !u4 ea . 2u ea
_qc_ (. eaa)
ae ceee 5u,uuu a 82,4uu a 8u,8uu a 85,uuu a
(gg a qg
gg gea)
GmLa mpgm BRT : Gom @m - ga gdg
(Mass Transit Options - Sustainable Transport : A Sourcebook for Policy -makers in Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002.)
37
a_eeL _LLoeae, gg aeg gg a LLa
Oqa ae oega _me e OeL L L eaem Oe
ceogaag _a_g.
GmLam go Asss
OaLa qeqg aaeag. Oee, aeeme aea ceg
gg OaL a Qaq g_ ga __q q OaL a Qaq g_ ga
LLLg _. aa_ae, L_e eqegg, eOeag eq
o e e agi OaL a a gg aqem aL _a
_ae e _oqa , _o_ _ ee e g g, goe ,
Laq oege _geaaee oe_a.
GmLam mapp ag
ea eme oa e ae e _e L a g eaaaeq
gaaaeee aag. eg _geaaeaa Oeea La gag
e_eeg cea _a ae Laae ega ce
cga aa e e _aagi ceo, e g OaL a _aa gge g
gae oO_ag gg _qe aaaeqaL La , OaL aoa
ema e Le eag. OaL ao gg__ _aq q c_g
_qe aa__ aag. (gg qe ee ).
Go mmg nmm)
Oee e OaL a gL La g_q q moae gL L __e e
ae emLa oae oage e L _, _qe e egg
_ega OaLa . 58,uuu
Qqq OaLa . !,!!,42u
e OaLa . 4!, 78u
BRT . 5,7!4
gg sg - gg a LLa mggpsam
gLgo Go
(Mass Transit Options - Sustainable Transport : A Sourcebook for Policy -makers in
Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002.)
38
_qga cee OaLa _aee oe_a. q_eae aeemLa
egqgeeLe LLae LqqL oe_a.
Oee e OaL a gL Lq ge Oaaq q _qc_ co o, _g
cagg oga ceqq Oqmee oe_a. OaLa gLLqq
aegoq_eae Qg (Operational Cost) cagg oga ceqa
Oqm_qq oe_a.
OaLae Qgqqoeeeae - gg, Laq oeg
ae _ q ae goq gq qoee eae cga ea Qg
gge La, e , oag , ga , g e mL L q
qoee eae cga ea Qg gge La OaL aoa
ageeLag ceq egg_qq oe_a.
ag Oeeea gg a_ga OqaLaoee eLLea
gdLL g_oaeo oeee__g. OaLa _aee
_aaea , _gga qae g g_ q eL Lea oee e
LLa aL_a _o__ gea, _qq aeea ae_qq
aga . ceo, g g, OqaLa oe e g nLae g_ q
eLLea OaLaga oeee_aa ce _o Oqm_qq
oe _a . q_ g aa_ae, OaL ae eae g ge eL Leq q
_gemqgLe Lag.
a..1z. gsm p
ea _a eme ae goq g Omege eae eaea e
me e __a ge _aga . e _a e __a gg
gga oe ga gg qe OogOqa e
mee ge Oe goqa ae goq g Ome ea
_gemq g og_g. ea Omeae a ce g me
OqaLaga _a, _a _aqae ce_a LLgi _gea
m __ae eLLaaaaegoqe a qe cmg qaee
_a .
_gea m __a (Neighbourhood School System) gg
gga e gg qe _ q gga e mem
aL _a ea q ge Oea _oaa e . og La em e
mem eaee aag. g _o me, qeaaa me
_eqg_ga Oagga.
39
ee e _e e_a a_eae g 8 a_emga , ee
Ogaaae oaq a_emga qqea _gea m __
ea e L aea e qoa_ _qa_a . L _e g
_ga m gqa Ogaaae ggqe Lqa,
goe aa Oe _a . oaeea eme qo g_a .
qgea, ea Omega g_a.
gg Oqg e gg qe _eoga g me g,
_ga _g e meg Oeoqa, _oae qaaaeo LL
aae mege Oeego _a. qea, ggqe meg
L_e Oega oa, _a O__ageg qaaga.
a..1a. Gomm am asgmgg
ea aegoqg, OqaLaoe ao__L ao
ae goq g Oe g_oaeg. gg a L La Oqae g
eaaae ga Oe Ooga 5 _q !u% Oe _q
Oqa_ g a o ae goq ge _ _q q _a . gg
eL La ce Oea OagL e eaoa 24 a L La
Oqae ga , OqaLa oe aae 85 a L Lge ga
Oeae _ Oe _a . ea , go a oa !u5 a
LLgege Oeae_ Oe _a ce_g a oae oa.
36
Oee e Ogem a o ae goq gee Oeae _
ogog eaqgaaaegqae. Oeee aae _ aL_a 88 a
L La Oqae g a oe ge e _e.
37
_Laag, oa ,
eaeaa eaoaa _eqgga gag e_eeg _eo
Lge ge. _qe g c g Oee e ae ee g
Ogaaeae gega.
Oee e a oe eaeaq g_ ga aaoL Lqaeo ge eq
qoa . ge oq qaae gog eaq gaaaeq. _q_ eae
Oqa gL a e ge e _e. Qga gg qL .
Oeeeae ge aaaae gL oe_a ce_ g_a,
_q_eae _a eggaqae aqa qoi
ceo, Oeeeae aoe ageaeea, aameea
Oeee aoe eaa (Chennai Waterways Authority) ce_
qe _a ema Qg a_ ga _geaq gLe _ae e L oe _a .
40
l Oee e a oe eaga aao_q q L __age ee
Lag. aaoaL eq q_e ea , goa eggaaeq
qeeea oe_a.
l Oee e a oe eq ge Oea e a __ eaog
a aaae , _q_ eL Laae _o_ _ Oa_gae _ ga ,
eL_a_ega ae_qq oe_a.
l OqaLa g ee g ae goq ge ga , ae ae goq
g_ga ae_qq _a_ee oe_a.
l _Laag emLL geme ee aegoqgeeae
ae _q q _o gL LL _ og_g. geme a_ e
_a qe eaaga , o_ ge g age eaaga
q qea gL La Q_o_ _ _oq oo_ eaa .
ea , geme ea e _a a_ gee eaea ,
g ee e oaeea ee eaea gge ee Lag. aa_ae
o_ _ Laqee ga , goe ee ga aL _a
ae_qq oe_a.
l ce ;a g_ _ea - aaa a La Lg
aegoqge (Coastal Ferry Services) Oeae_ ooe_a.
a..14. osg asgmgg
aeeme _e_aLq qoeeae og OagLea eeg
aegoqge aqae ooe_a. aegoqg _e_ma
_La aaqqa, gg a aL_a aeg a_g, oaee
Qgq qa ae _o_ _L ee g ae goq g _e aaaeg.
ceo, eeg aegoqge cmaaaeea, aa_qqa,
___qqa ema gLLa ogeeL oe_a.
ee gee Oeae _Oe o_ ge g ag ee
g_ega __e ce_gq, eege _eea, __a
ga q q g_e ga gL a ee eaaq , ege g
__age e _a ee g oaeea eme ea_ g aaoaL L eL _
_qgq, Ome g_oae aqe ae_qq oOeaq,
g_ cL L Lq geg g a_ _ ggee ge Oe ga ee ge
qeq qe oaeea em Oe aa L Lae c_q ge Oe o
Oea q , _a oaeea ea aeq ee gaaga ea Le
41
_a aaga eegaegoqge ee_qgq, eeg
oaeea e g_ cL L La ee g gga q q
__a __a aa_ _aaq q , _ge cL _ge _
eLa oaeea e g_ cL L q g aL _a __agq q
ae_ Loeee eLeaqae ga Oeee Oge
eeg aegoqg gLLa egoaeeL oe_a.
a..1. ggg ga
Oee e Ogem ea q ge OqaLa g _gemq q
oe ea e e. o_ _q q_e e Oee ea gga e q
ea ageae Oeae ogeeL oe_a.
go Ooag ggaga qe L Lq qoe eoeq g
Oeae_ gaeeae o__e ogeeL oe_a. _gaaa,
gg qee g agea , aqeamee ga , goe ee ga
ema La , Oqmoae ea ge g__e , ae goq g
oL _e g_e (e e ) Oqmoae _aq q , aa _q gq ,
g__ee e_aaae ce_gq emLL Loeee
a_OeaL oe_a.
Oeeee eaem _geLe oeqq 8u a LLaee
g_q q , ema ea ooa aa_ _a e a ae goq
ge _ag _q gq _a_ e (Traffic Calming Measures)
_eOe_ee oe_a.
Laqe __aaae _aqq, eaee eLega
Lae Oqmoaea, eaaL e_g eaaaea _aee
_q , mee g _ge ema agea _ a_e Oea q ,
L q_ ga , goe Oe a m ggem oOea q
ae_ Loeee qo.
ae goq g g__ee e_aaae ce _ gq ,
gqgL_ oaeea gL_oame gL_a emaa _, gL_a
emaa ogagog ema qe eL_a_, __e_eq q_qq
a Loeee oe_a.
Ooo og oea em Oe ga oaeea ee g qeq qe
oe, _eqg geee oaee aeeg eLLaaq qe
eoea , gee e oaeea em e e g eL L q_
Loeee qo.
42
oaee ooa a , aam a L ea q gee
g_e ga . oaeea eme ee e _e ga gm e eq
q_qq, ceemee egee eLLaaaae oqq, oag
em ce _a ea caa q OagL ea Ooma L e
Oeaegqq q_qq, _ge aa _goqq q_qq ae_
Oeaa_e ae_a.
a_ gem Oe oage g Loame (O L ) eL Laa
aaegq, ggqe _e geea _aaa q_qq, goa
e aa _a oq g _gq g Oe aa q_q q
emLLo qgeme ageq q_ega.
q gem age e _oage g eLe eqa , ema
gd_a eL_egLe _meeL oe_a.
a_ ee L _eq qa e Le a moae, eaq ge g
_ _, gga e q ea agea Oea e (Comprehensive
road safty policy) egoae e L _, ema Qg gge _ a_ ga
_geaqgLe Oea_qqL oe_a.
4.
Oee e Ogee eae aa_ g ae goq g gL Lg
_ L _ o_ _ e Le aqae - ga __aaae
ae goq gq gL La (Comprehensive Mobility Plan - CMP)
eLeaae ae e a e_ L_a _eq g g_ o ga e ,
aee cgQge egqge eLL_a egoaeeL oe_a.
q qea __aaae ae goq gq gL Lq ge
Qgoe ga _a ae ge _e q Oge ae goq ge
g_aa (Unified Metropolitan Transport Authority - UMTA) ge e
oe _a . _q_ e_ UMTA-o ggq g moaeqae ema
_geaqgL_a, QgL_a aa__aaee oe_a.
_a _aq ggqqa 74e g _aeeL oea
eaL cgQge _Laa _aae Oeee Ogeq
gL Le g_ (Metropolitan Planning Committee - MPC) eLeaae
_aeeL oe_a.
q Oeee Ogeq gLLeg_e (MPC) g Oea_a
_aae ge_eq Oge aegoqge g_aa (UMTA)
gee oe_a.
43
Oeee Oge Q aeaL_q gLLaaeg (Comprehen-
sive Zoning and Land Use Plan) ae goq gq gL Lq gLe
eqqae gee oe_a.
aeeme ageaae oageeaL oaeeaeme aeeq
g_g _ge _e_ma qga gg aegoqg __ Oeeea
egoaeeL_ og_g. ea, ee cq Lqgga oaee
Oge e_a , _ea oa e a ae ee g ag e am qae
. e Oe, aaae o g, ae __qqa, eL
ag ce qoa__ mgaeo oaeeaeeg _e_ma
qga ae goq g eeOea ga eae __g. geg g
_L oea eaa ogLLg.
ag Oeee ea qa Oeaa aegoqg __qae
cga eaq g Oee e c L L eaae _aa ce qq
ga aaee ga . Oee e oagq qg q eaaeoa, oagq qgga_ _
qaeoa _aog ea Oqm Oea a ae goq g __a
Oagqqg.
e _a Oee e ea qo_ae ae goq g _e _ma
ea agLgge_g. g eLeaae aa__L oe_a.
gg ea aemeaL q eaa ce g _ em oa_aa q
aa aa e ge e _eoa ce qe Oeae _ ga aaee e
_og . aa_ae, em oa_a gg g qe _La
e e _a goe a aagLa gee _ qeg
me Lq g_ g agea ae Oee go __qa ce qe
Oeae_qae gaaaeeeL oe_a.
qeaaa oaeea eme eL _e eLa ea _gem eme
oaeeg _Laaa _. eeaa _o eme geee
_Laaa . oaee Oge ea _eme moLae Oea a ,
ge eaeme qoa egoaega. _ea oaeeq qo
_geme ga . e _a ge _Oaae g _geaae - ae
_gem, Ome _gem, ea aa, oae Q _ ceq
OqaLa gaaae aagai q oae eee ag _.
gga Lq g _geaae ae e ge _ae oag _ogqae
ea _ oag e _ . qea , _ge Oqa ae eq
qoae _ ae eme Oga aae qoe Q_
Oeaa_e_ei ceo, ea _eaeoa, ge eaeoa
44
moLog q_eeL oe_a. q_g aegoqg __a
L oqae oe_a.
_eoge gaae ae goq g __a _m g, ea
ea , Oqge ea oaeea ee eaeo ce _ Qa aa_ _
_o aeeeeaeo ce_ _La Oeeea aeeme
oageeqqqq (Quality of Life) eaaqqeaqae aegoqg
__a egoaee oe_a.
cgaea q__aegega e_a q__aegega
gge aeme ga Qq gge ga ae goq g (Sustainable
Transport) __aae aa_ _aa qe a Oee e Og
eme oagqqgq eae (Liveable City) aa__ oe_a.
Notes
1. Indian States at a Glance 2006 -07, Tamil Nadu Performance, Facts and
Figures, PHDCCI, New Delhi 2007
2. CMDA, Draft Master Plan II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026.
3. UNDP Human Development Report 2006, United Nations
4. Cities on the move: A World Bank Urban Transportation Strategy Review,
The World Bank, Washington, D.C. 2002
5. Emerging Issues in Transport Transport and the Millenium Development
Goals, UN-ESCAP, Ministerial Conference on Transport 2006
6. Steps to improve traffic flow discussed, The Hindu, Feb. 28, 2008
7. Planning and Development City Road, A. Sampath Kumar, Seminar on
Transportation in Chennai, Anna University, 2005.
8. Elitist recipe for more chaos? - Praful Bidwai, Frontline, Jul 16 29, 2005
9. Pune Traffic & Transportation Forum Vision, Policy and Recommendation
for Pune
10. Pune Traffic & Transportation Forum Vision, Policy and Recommendation
for Pune
11. CMDA, Draft Master Plan II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026.
12. CMDA, Draft Master Plan II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026.
13. Handbook of Urbanization in India, Oxford, 2005
14. Optimisation of Urban Speed Limits in Arterial Roads a case study,
Seminar on Transportation in Chennai, Anna University, 2005.
15. National Urban Transport Policy, Ministry of Urban Development,
Government of India.
16. J. Pucher et at. / Transport Policy 12 (2005)
17. Car-Free Development Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-
45
makers in Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2005.
18. CMDA, Draft Master Plan II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026.
19. CMDA, Draft Master Plan II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026.
20. Pedestrian and Two-wheeler Safety, K.C.Mahali, Seminar on Transportation
in Chennai, Anna University, 2005.
21. CMDA, Draft Master Plan II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026.
22. Bus System Operation in Chennai, Ct. Meyyappan, Seminar on
Transportation in Chennai, Anna University, 2005.
23. CMDA, Draft Master Plan II for Chennai Metropolitan Area, 2026.
24. Bus Rapid Transit Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-makers
in Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002
25. Pune Traffic & Transportation Forum Vision, Policy and Recommendation
for Pune
26. Down to Earth, March 31, 2008
27. Economic Instruments Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-
makers in Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002
28. Economic Instruments Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-
makers in Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002
29. Economic Instruments Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-
makers in Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002
30. Sustainable Transport, Institute for Transportation & Development Policy,
New York.
31. Pune Traffic & Transportation Forum Vision, Policy and Recommendation
for Pune
32. Mass Transit Options Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-
makers in Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002
33. The Politics of Mobility, Dinesh Mohan Seminar Magazine
34. Mass Transit Options Sustainable Transport: A Sourcebook for Policy-
makers in Developing Cities, GTZ, Germany, 2002
35. Common School System and the Future ofIndia, Parisar wordpress
36. Lost lifelines of a Metropolis, The Hindu, 20-5-2007
37. Lost lifelines of a Metropolis, The Hindu, 20-5-2007
46
Actionable Excerpts from
National Urban Transport Policy
(Ministry of Urban Devolvement, Government of India)
Introduction
Indias urban population is currently around 30% of its total population. Experience
across the world has been that as economies grow, rapid urbanization takes this
proportion over 60 % before they stabilize. As such it is projected that Indias urban
population will grow to about 473 million in 2021 & 820 million in 2051 as compared
to 285 million in 2001. Hence cities must not only meet the mobility needs of the
current population but also provide for the needs of those yet to join the urban
population. In this context, the government of India has launched the National Urban
Renewal Mission (NURM) that inter-alia seeks to bring about comprehensive
improvements in urban infrastructure, committing substantial funds for this purpose
and requiring a series of reforms that would make the investment sustainable. (Para
2, page2)
Billons of men hours are lost with people stuck in traffic. The primary reason for this
has been the explosive growth in the number of motors vehicles, coupled with
limitations on the amount of road space that can be provided. For example, on an
average, while the population of Indias six major metropolises increased by about
1.9 times during 1981 to 2001, the number of motor vehicles went up by over 7.75
times during the same period.
Increased use of personal vehicles has led to increased air pollution. (Para 3, page 2)
Unless the above problems are remedied, poor mobility can become a major dampener
to economic growth and the cause the quality of life to deteriorate. A policy is, therefore,
needed on the approach to dealing with this rapidly growing problem as also offer a
clear direction and a clear framework for the future action. (Para 4, page 3)
Objectives
The Objective of this policy is to ensure safe, affordable, quick, comfortable, reliable
and sustainable access for the growing of city residents to jobs.
Incorporating urban transportation as an important parameter at the urban
planning stage rather than being a consequent
Bringing about a more equitable allocation of road space with people, rather
than vehicles, as its main focus.
Establishing effective regularly and enforcement mechanisms that allow a level
playing field for all operators of transport services and enhanced safety for the
transport system users.
Establishing institutional mechanisms for enhanced coordination in the planning
and management of transport system.
Building capacity (institutional and manpower) to plan for sustainable urban
transport and establishing knowledge management system that would service
the needs of all urban professionals, such as planners, researchers, teachers,
students,
Raising finance, through innovative mechanisms that tap land as a resource,
for investments in urban transport infrastructure.
ce e :
47
Taking up pilot projects that demonstrate the potential of possible best practices
in sustainable urban transport. (Para 5, page4)
Equitable allocation of Road Space
Transport planning is intrinsically linked to land use planning and both need to
be developed together in a manner that servers the entire population and yet minimizes
travel needs. (Para 8, page5)
At present, road space gets allotted to whichever vehicle occupies it first. The
focus is therefore, the vehicle and not people. The result is that a bus carrying 40
people is allotted only two and a half times the road space that is allotted to a car
carrying only one or two person. In this process, the lower income groups have,
effectively, ended up paying, in terms of higher travel time and higher travel cost, for
the disproportionate space allotted to personal vehicles. Users of non-motorized
modes have tended to be squeezed out of the roads on account of serious threats to
their safety. If the focus of the principle of the road space allocation were to be the
people, then much space would need to be allotted to public transport systems than
is allotted at present. (Para11, page6)
The Central Government would, therefore, encourage measures that
allocate road space on a more equitable basis, with people as its focus. This
can be achieved by reserving lanes and corridors exclusively for public transport
and non-motorized three persons popularly know as High Occupancy Vehicle
Lanes). Past experience has been that such reserved lanes are not respected
by motorist and therefore lose meaning. In order to facilitate better enforcement
of such lane discipline, suitable provision would be introduced in the Motor
Vehicle Act and other instrumentalities to enable stringent penalties for violation.
(Para 12, page 6)
Need to Shift from Personal to Public Transportation and
Segmented Approach.
Public transport serves another social purpose. It helps reduce congestion and
the air pollution, if users of personal vehicles can be persuaded to shift to public
transport. Their needs are, however, for improved quality and not much for low fares.
It is, therefore necessary to think of different types of public transport services for
different segments of commuters. (Para16, page7)
A good public transport system is the one that is perceived by the user as a
single and allows seamless travel between one made and the other as also between
systems managed by different operators. Such seamless interchange is possible if
proper inter-change infrastructure is available and users are able to use single ticket
over all such system. This also requires that a single agency takes responsibility for
coordination so that there is a common approach to public transport planning and
management. (Para 21, page9)
Para transit is normally expected to fulfill a need that neither public transport or
personal vehicles are able to fulfill. (Para26, page10)
The segregation of vehicles moving at different speeds would help improve
traffic flow, increase the average speed of traffic and reduce emission resulting
from sub-optimal speeds. (Para27, page10)
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Parking, Land Use and its Pricing.
Land is valuable in all urban areas. Parking places occupy large portion of such
lands. This fact should be recognized in the determining the principles for allocation
of parking space.
Levy of a high parking fee, that truly represents the value of the land occupied,
should be used as a means to make the use of public transport more attractive.
Preference in the allocation of parking space for public transport vehicles and non-
motorized modes as well as easier access of work places to and from such spaces
would go a long way in encouraging the use of sustainable transport system. Park
and ride facilities for bicycles users, with convenient inter-change, would be another
useful measure. Simultaneously, a graded scale of parking fee, that recovers the
economies cost of the land used in such parking, should be adopted. The objective
would be to persuade people to use transport to reach centers.
State government would be required to amend building bye laws in all
million plus cities so that adequate parking space is available for all residents/
users of such buildings. (Para34, page 11)
Freight Traffic within the cities.
The timely and smooth movement of freight is crucial to well being of the people
and the viability of the economics activities they undertake. However, with limited
capacity of the transport system, it is essential that freight traffic and passenger
traffic are so staggered as to make optimum use of the transport infrastructure. It is
a time honored and tested practice to use off-peak passenger travel times to move
freight. Many cities have earmarked late night hours for movement of freight and
restricted the entry of heavy vehicles into cities during daytime.(Para 36, page 12)
Innovative Financing Mechanisms Using Land as a Resource
The central government would encourage the levy of dedicated taxes to
be credited to an urban transport fund and used exclusively to meet urban
transport needs within the state. Such dedicated taxes could be in the form of a
supplement to the petrol and diesel taxes, betterment levy on landowners or even an
employment tax on employers. In fact, revenues from betterment levy along new high
capacity public transport corridors would be included as a component of the financing
plan for such transport systems. (Para52, page 15)
Need for Public Awareness and Cooperation
Urban transport policies cannot succeed without the fullest corporation of all
the city residents. Such co-operation can be best secured if the objectives are made
clearly known to them. It is, therefore, necessary to launch intensive awareness
campaigns that educate people on the ill effects of the growing transport problem in
urban areas-especially on their health and well being. The campaigns would seek
their support for initiative like greater use of public transport and non-motorized
vehicles, the proper maintenance of their vehicles, safer driving practices, and etc.
such campaigns would also encourage individual, families an communities to adopt
Green Travel Habits that would make travel less polluting and damaging. (Para55,
page 16)
http://www.urbanindia.nic.in/moud/programme/ut/TransportPolicy.pdf