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    152 views34 pages

    Using The Community Capitals Framework in An Ethnohistorical Context

    Uploaded by

    Kurt Mantonya

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 34

    Using the Community

    Capitals Framework in
    an Ethnohistorical
    Context

    Kurt Mantonya, Senior


    Associate, Heartland
    Center for Leadership
    Development

    July 26, 2010


    Chaco Canyon, New Mexico
    The Community Capitals
    Natural
    Cultural
    Human
    Social
    Political
    Built
    Financial
    The Community Capitals Framework

    Adapted from Flora, Flora and Fey 2004


    Chaco Canyon’s Capitals
    Natural
    Natural Capital
    Forests—up to 50 miles away
    Turquoise mines
    Sandstone bluffs
    Archaeoastronomy
    ◦ Solstices
    ◦ Equinoxes
    ◦ Lunar standstills
    Agriculture/Hunter-Gather economy
    Chaco Canyon’s Capitals
    Built
    Built Capital
    Road Network—400 miles connecting
    some 75 communities
    Great Houses
    Outlying communities
    Chaco Canyon’s Capitals
    Political
    Political Capital
    Chaco developed as an administrative and
    ritual center and directed agricultural life
    of the region.
    Burials suggest to some the existence of
    elite leadership
    Acoma and other Pueblos in the regions
    recall Chaco as the seminal “White
    House” and regard it as a sacred place
    Hopi clans originated there
    Chaco Canyon’s Capitals
    Financial
    Financial Capital
    Trade within the greater Chaco region and
    Mexico (copper bells and scarlet macaws)
    Trade with outlying Great Houses such as
    Salmon and Aztec importing pottery and
    turquoise
    Chaco could have been a redistribution
    center where food could be stored
    Chaco Canyon’s Capitals
    Human
    Different theories on the population of
    Chaco Canyon but some as high as 5,000
    Evidence of class structure i.e. elites and
    working class (foragers, farmers)
    according to architecture
    Specialized craftspeople present
    (weavers, potters, jewelers, astronomers)
    Chaco Canyon’s Capitals
    Cultural
    Pueblo religion today is based on
    harmony with the natural world
    Modern Puebloans are matrilineal,
    matrilocal and matriarchal
    Presence of rock art—symbolic, doodling,
    maps, clan representations and
    astronomical references (Super Nova of
    1054)
    Understanding Collapse
    Melvin Tumin and John Bennett
    Every society must be able to answer the
    basic biological needs of its members:
    food, drink, shelter and medical care
    Every society must provide for the
    production and distribution of goods and
    services through a division of labor, rules
    concerning property and trade or ideas
    about the role of work.
    Understanding Collapse Continued
    Every society must provide for the
    reproduction of new members and consider
    laws and issues related to reproduction
    (regulation, marriageable age, number of
    children, etc.)
    Every society must provide for the training
    (education, apprenticeship, passing on of
    values) of an individual so that he or she can
    become a functioning adult in the society
    Understanding Collapse Continued
    Every society must provide for the
    maintenance of internal and external order
    (laws, courts, police, wars, diplomacy)
    Every society must provide meaning and
    motivation to its members
    Understanding Collapse
    Jared Diamond
    Five-factor framework
    ◦ Human environmental impact
    ◦ Climate change
    ◦ Hostile neighbors
    ◦ Decreasing support by friendly neighbors
    ◦ Societal response to the problems, whether
    environmental or not
    Why was Chaco Abandoned?
    A Community Capitals Analysis
    Loss of Natural Capital
    Seriesof droughts (1125-1180 A.D.,
    1270-1274 A.D. and 1275 drought lasted
    14 years)
    ◦ Agriculture suffered creating widespread
    famine
    Hunting and Gathering limits become
    increasingly larger in scope
    Forest depletion
    A Response to Natural Capital
    Loss of Political Capital
    Drought may have lead to religious
    upheaval, internal political conflict and
    perhaps even warfare.
    Architectural changes to the plaza at
    Bonito had once been open to the outside,
    now closed off indicating strife.
    Loss of Human Capital
    Loss of motivation by members in both
    Chaco proper and outlying communities
    to perform task and maintenance roles
    such as supplying food, timber and
    pottery to the political and religious
    centers.
    Less overall population due to drought
    and famine
    Loss of Built and Financial Capital
    Trade routes start to dry up
    Construction is limited or ceases
    Existing structures in disrepair
    Canals and roads are not maintained
    Chaco 860 A.D. to 1150 A.D.
    Chaco 1130 A.D. to 1180 A.D.
    Chaco 1130 A.D. to 1180 A.D.
    Chaco 1130 A.D. to 1180 A.D.
    Chaco 1130 A.D. to 1180 A.D.
    Chaco 1200 A.D.
    Building Social Capital?

    Post 13th century clan formation was a


    response to social and geographical
    dislocation (abandonment) and created a
    need for a new way to define relationships
    between neighbors.
    These clans are present today in Puebloan
    society (Acoma, Taos, etc.)
    Conclusion
    Natural capital played the most
    significant role
    There were strategic responses to capital
    losses
    The community capitals framework in
    this system is interdependent on each
    other—when one fails the others begin to
    falter
    What are Some Next Steps
    Analyze other societies that have
    collapsed or abandoned in this same
    framework
    Look at historic communities that sprang
    up (boom/bust towns), analyze for the
    capitals. Were all capitals present? If not,
    which ones were lacking?
    Thank you

    Heartland Center for Leadership


    Development
    (402) 474-7667
    www.heartlandcenter.info
    kmantonya@heartlandcenter.info

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