( ) 34

106 79
. 210 3616532 - 2103617784 - Fax: 210 3641025
e-mail : info@hms.gr
www.hms.gr

GREEK MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY

34, Panepistimiou (leftheriou Venizelou) Street
GR. 106 79 - Athens - HELLAS
Tel. 210 3616532 - 2103617784 - Fax: 210 3641025
e-mail : info@hms.gr
www.hms.gr

70


, 23 2010

B
1
()
= 2010 2009 2008 + 2010 2008 .
()
3
1 2 2
1 1 1 20
= 22 : = 2 +
8
2 3 3
9
2 11 3

() :
= 2010 2009 2008 + 2010 2008 = 2010 + 2008 ( 2010 2009 )
= 2010 + 2008 1 = 2010 + 2008 = 4018.

()
3
1 2 2 3
1 3 2 3
3 2 3 48 9 8 3 31 31
= 22 : = 4 = 4 =
=
=
8
2 3 3 8
2 2 3 8
4 3 8 12
8 12 32
1 1 1 20 9 1 20 9 21 21
.
= 2 + =
+ = =
9 22 9 9 22 9 22
2 11 3
:
31 21 31 22 32 21 682 672
10
=

=
=
=
>0,
32 22
32 22
32 22
32 22
> .
2
x = = 100 + 10 + , 0, 10.
, x 297. x ;

y = 100 + 10 + , , :
x y = 297 (100 + 10 + ) (100 + 10 + ) = 297

99 ( ) = 297 = 3.

 :
= 3, = 0 = 4, = 1 = 5, = 2 = 6, = 3 = 7, = 4 = 8, = 5 = 9, = 6 .

+ + = 10 , x = :
370, 451, 532, 613.
3
= x = y ,
. 25%,
, .

25 x 125 x 5 x
=
= .
100 100
4
% ,
. :
y (100 ) y (100 ) 2 x
y1 = y
,
=
=
100
100
100

5 x (100 ) 2 x
100
xy = x1 y1 x 2 x =
2x2 =
2x2
4
100
80
100
100
2
1
= 0 ( x 0)
2x = 0 1
80
80

80 100 + = 0 = 20.
20%.
25% x1 = x +

4.

. , . .

= = , :
=

1
& :
= + = 60D + ,
=
1

(1)
(2)

 60D .
= =, = = ,
:
= 1800 2 = ,
(3)
1 = 1800 2
3
,

+ = 1800 + +
= 1800

( (1) )
1
1

1 + 2 60D + 1 = 1800 ( (2))

3 1 + 1200 = 1800 1 = 200.

:
0
0
= = 1800 800 = 1000.
= 180 20 = 800 , =
= 800

2
3
4
= ( 1) + ( 1) + ( 1) + ( 1) , .

24, .

2
3
4
3

= ( 1) + ( 1) + ( 1) + ( 1) = ( 1) + 1 + ( 1) + 1

4 ,

= 2 + 2 ( 1) =

0, .
24, :
0 , .
= 4 , ,
24, :
4 {2, 4, 6,8,12, 24} , ,

1 3

,1, , 2,3, 6 , ,
2 2

= 2 = 6.
2 6.
2

N = ab = 10a + b, a , b a 0 , ;

N = ab = 10a + b, a , b a 0 ,

10a + b = ab ( a + b ) 11a = ab 2b (11 b ) a = 2b.

 , (11 b ) a , . .
3
:
S = 12 22 32 + 42 + 52 62 7 2 + 82 + + 997 2 9982 9992 + 10002 .

S 250

S k = ( 4k + 1) ( 4k + 2 ) ( 4k + 3) + ( 4k + 4 ) , k = 0,1, 2,3,..., 249 .

2
2
2
2
S k = ( 4k + 1) ( 4k + 2 ) ( 4k + 3) + ( 4k + 4 )
2

= 16k 2 + 8k + 1 16k 2 16k 4 16k 2 24k 9 + 16k 2 + 32k + 16

= 4, k = 0,1, 2,3,..., 249.

S = S0 + S1 + ... + S249 = 4 + 4 + ...4 = 250 4 = 1000
4
: =
=
=
= 90D , ,
= 300 .
,
(i) .
(ii) .

(i) .
= ( )
=
+
= 2 ,

:
90D + 2 + 300 = 1800 = 300

(ii) ,
.
.

= = 300

:
3 3
1
= 300 = = .
=
2 2
4
2 2 4
, = = 300 ,

= 300 =

300 , =
=

3
4

= 300 ), = =
=
(
2
3
.
= + = + =
4 2
4

= 90D ,
= 300 = , :
,
2

/2
3
=
=
=
=
,
0
30
3
3/2
3

3 3 7 3
= + =
+
=
.
4
3
12
= 90D :
,
2

7 3 3 2 57
.
= + =
+
=
6
12 4
2

1
(i) , = 3 .

(ii) = 1 + 3

(i) = 0 = 0, . 0 . = 3 ,

= 3 , , , .

, = 0 .

(ii) = 1 + 3

= 4 + 2 3 . , 4 = 2 3

, , , (i).

 2

x +1 2 x = x ,

, \ , .
;

x :
(i) x 0 .
x = x :

x + 1 2 x = x, x 0 ( + 1) x = 1, x 0
1

, > 1
x =

+1
, 1.
(ii) x < 0 .
x = x :

x + 1 + 2 x = x, x < 0 ( 3) x = 1, x < 0
1

, < 3
x =

3
, 3.
, \ ,
. 2 , : 1 < < 3 .
1
1
, 1 < < 3 x1 =
< 0 x2 =
> 0
3
+1
.
3
ABC C (O, R) A1 , B1 , C1
A, B, C . BC , AC , AB
A2 , B2 , C2 (1 ) A1 , A2 , ( 2 )
B1 , B2 ( 3 ) C1 , C2 .
(1 ) A (1 ) , ( 2 )
B ( 2 ) (3 )
C ( 3 ) . (1 ) , ( 2 ) ( 3 )
( ), , , (1 ) , ( 2 ) (3 )

(1 ) (1 ) O
ABC , O AA1 .
( 2 ) ( 2 ) O
ABC , O BB1 .

 ( 3 ) (3 ) O
ABC , O CC1 .
, 1800 , , O . , (1 ) , ( 2 ) ( 3 ) , K , , , (1 ), ( 2 ) (3 ) K , K
O .

K ABC , , ,
A2 , B2 ,C 2 BC , AC , AB .
:
,

4
x, y z :
x3 y 3 = 26 z 3
x 2 y xy 2 = 6 z 3 .
() x, y z .
() x + 2 y + 3z = 8 , x, y z .

3 ,
3
(1)
( x y ) = 8z3 x y = 2z .

2 zxy = 6 z 3 ,
:
(i) z 0 .
(2)
xy = 3 z 2 ,
(1) (3),
x ( x 2 z ) = 3 z 2 x 2 2 zx 3 z 2 = 0 x = 3 z x = z ,

(2)

(3)

x = 3z , y = z x = z , y = 3z .
(ii) z = 0 :
( x y ) ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) = 0

x y = 0 x = y = 0,
xy ( x y ) = 0

:
x = y, z .
() x = 3z , y = z x + 2 y + 3 z = 8 8 z = 8 z = 1 ,

( x, y, z ) = ( 3,1,1) ,
( x, y, z ) = ( 2, 6, 2 ) .

x = z, y = 3z , 4z = 8 z = 2,

z = 0 , x = y , x + 2 y + 3 z = 8
8 8
( x, y, z ) = , , 0 .
3 3

1
( x, y, z ) :
x3 + y 3 = 65 z 3
x 2 y + xy 2 = 20 z 3
x y + 2 z = 10.

3 ,
3
(1)
( x + y ) = 125 z 3 x + y = 5 z .

5 zxy = 20 z 3 ,

(2)

xy = 4 z 2 .

(3)

:
(i) z 0 .
(2) :
(1) (3),
x ( 5 z x ) = 4 z 2 x 2 5 zx + 4 z 2 = 0 x = 4 z x = z ,

x = 4 z, y = z x = z, y = 4 z .

 x = 4 z , y = z 5 z = 10 z = 2 ,
( x, y, z ) = ( 8, 2, 2) , x = z, y = 4z z = 10 z = 10,
( x, y, z ) = ( 10, 40, 10 ) .
(ii) z = 0 :
( x + y ) ( x 2 xy + y 2 ) = 0

x + y = 0 x = y = 0 x = y ,
xy ( x + y ) = 0

( x, y, z ) = ( 5, 5, 0 ) .

2
ABC , K
AH1 , BH 2 , CH 3 . AH 2 H 3
AK K1 , BH1 H 3
BK K 2 CH1 H 2
CK K 3 . K1 , K 2 , K 3 , H K ( ), H ABC .

(c1 ) AH 2 H 3 , (c 2 )
BH 1 H 3 (c3 ) CH 1 H 2 .

4
AH 2 HH 3 , (c1 ) H .
BH 1 HH 3 , (c 2 ) H .
CH 1 HH 2 , (c3 ) H .
, (c1 ) , (c 2 ) (c3 ) H
ABC .

 (c1 ) AH , HK 1 AK 1 , K 1
HK .
K 2 , K 3 , .
3

x 2 + x + 1 2 x = x, \,

\ \ .
;

x , :
(i) x 0 .
:
x 2 + x + 1 2 x = x, \ x 2 ( + 1) x + 1 = 0, \,

(1)

= ( + 1) 4 = ( 1)( + 3) . (1)
2

, 3 1 . P = 1 > 0
, S = + 1 > 0 > 1 .
:
> 1 , (1) \ .
= 1 , (1) x = 1 \ .
< 1 , (1) \ .
(ii) x < 0 .
:
x 2 + x + 1 + 2 x = x, \ x 2 ( 3) x + 1 = 0, \,

(2)

= ( 3) 4 = ( 5 )( 1) . (2)
2

1 5 . P = 1 > 0 , S = 3 < 0 < 3 .

:
< 1 , (2) \
= 1 , (2) x = 1 \ .
> 1 , (2) \ .
(1) (2) , \ ,
, = 1 .
4

2 x 2 + 3x + 2 2 x 2 + x + 1 = x + 1 .

: 2 x 2 + 3x + 2 > 0 x 2 + x + 1 > 0, x \ .

a = 2 x 2 + 3x + 2, b = x 2 + x + 1, x \ , :

a 2 b 2 = ( 2 x 2 + 3 x + 2 ) ( x 2 + x + 1) = x 2 + 2 x + 1 = ( x + 1) ,
2

a, b ,

a 2 b 2 = ( a 2b ) 4ab 5b 2 = 0 b ( 4a 5b ) = 0 4a = 5b,
2

b 0 .
4 2 x 2 + 3x + 2 = 5 x 2 + x + 1 ,
, x \ ,
16 ( 2 x 2 + 3 x + 2 ) = 25 ( x 2 + x + 1)
7 x 2 + 23 x + 7 = 0 x =

x =

23 3 37
.
14

23 + 3 37
, 14

23 3 37
.
14
a 2b < 0 x \ , x < 1.

x =

an , n `* ,
an +1 = an + kn, n `* ,
k a1 = 1 . k 2011

an , n `* .
.

a1 = 1

a2 = a1 + k
a3 = a2 + 2k
.....................
an 1 = an 2 + ( n 2 ) k
an = an 1 + ( n 1) k

k ( n 1) n
.
2
, k n :
k ( n 1) n
an = 1 +
= 2011 k ( n 1) n = 4020 k ( n 1) n = 1 2 2 3 5 67
.
2
( n, k ) = ( 2, 2010 ) ( n, k ) = ( 3,670 ) ( n, k ) = ( 4,335) ( n, k ) = ( 5, 201) ( n, k ) = ( 6,134 )
an = 1 + k (1 + 2 + ... + n 1) = 1 + k (1 + 2 + ... + n 1) = 1 +

, k = 2010 a2 = 2011 , k = 670 a3 = 2011 , k = 335

a4 = 2011 , k = 201 a5 = 2011 k = 134 a6 = 2011 .

 2
ABC M 1 , M 2 , M 3 BC , AC , AB , . AH1 , BH 2 , CH 3 .
AH 2 H 3 , BM 1 H 3 , CM 1 H 2
( K1 ), BH1 H 3 , AM 2 H 3 , CM 2 H1
( K 2 ) CH1 H 2 , AM 3 H 2 , BM 3 H1
( K 3 ).
AK1 , BK 2 , CK 3 , , , ,
AM 1 , BM 2 , CM 3 .

(c1 ) BM 1 H 3 , (c 2 )
CM 1 H 2 , (c3 ) AH 2 H 3 (c) BH 3 H 2 C .

5
AB AC (c) , :
AB AH 3 = AC AH 2 .
AB AH 3 A (c1 )
AC AH 2 A (c 2 ) .
A , (c1 ) (c 2 ) .
(c1 ) (c 2 ) K 1 (
M 1 ). ( K 1 M 1 ) (c1 ) (c 2 ) .
A, K 1 M 1 .
(c3 ) K 1 ,
AH 2 K 1 H 3 .

 BH 3 H 2 C : = B .
BM K H : = B . = AH K H
1

.
, .
AK 1 , BK 2 ,CK 3 , , , AM 1 , BM 2 ,CM 3 ( A, K 1 , M 1 , B , K 2 , M 2 C , K 3 , M 3 , .
3
a, b, x, y \ ( a, b ) ( 0, 0 ) ( x, y ) ( 0, 0 )

a ( x 2 y 2 ) 2bxy = x ( a 2 b 2 ) 2aby

b ( x 2 y 2 ) + 2axy = y ( a 2 b 2 ) + 2abx,

x = a y = b .

,
:
a ( x 2 y 2 ) 2bxy + b ( x 2 y 2 ) + 2axy i = x ( a 2 b 2 ) 2aby + y ( a 2 b 2 ) + 2abx i

( a + bi ) ( x 2 y 2 ) + 2 xyi = ( a 2 b 2 ) + 2abi ( x + yi )
( a + bi ) ( x + yi ) = ( a + bi ) ( x + yi )
2

x + yi = a + bi ( ( , ) ( 0, 0 ) ( x, y ) ( 0, 0 ))
x = a, y = b.
4
C ( O, r ) , r = 15cm , 9cm

. C ( O, r )
.

O ,
, .
30cm . :
2

=
= 12 = 24.
= 6 ( 9 + 15 )
= 144
2
2
2
C ( O, r )
. C ( O, r )
= , , 6.
= x,

, C ( O, r )
2
p
p , .

0

6
, A ( ) ,
A ( ) = 2 225 81 2 , 0

> 0, 0, , A ( )
2
225 81

0, , A ( ) 2

A ( 0 ) , A = [ 24,30] . 2

A ( ) =

81 2

[ 24,30] .

, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 ,

24 30 . 12 .
1

A ( ) = 2 225 81 2 , 0

A ( 0 ) = 24 A = 30 .
2

= 0 , =

2
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, , = x = y ,
x + y = m, m {25, 26, 27, 28, 29} xy = 144 = 122 .

, .