ANGLO COAL ROCK ENGINEERING SERVICES

COAL MINING: A NEW APPROACH by D.R Fenn L. Munsamy

CONTENTS
Background - Pre-cursors to a change in thinking. Test Case - Examples of stress in action. Measurements - Stress measurements Solutions Conclusion - New support specifications and monitoring

PRE-CURSORS TO A CHANGE IN THINKING

PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE

PRE-CURSORS TO A CHANGE IN THINKING

PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE EXTENSOMETER EVIDENCE

Shale

Extensometer Hole

Sandstone

Shale

Future Panel to be Mined by Shortwall

Coal Pillar

Coal Mined by Shortwall Goaf

Future Panel to be Mined by Shortwall

Coal Pillar

Coal Mined by Shortwall Goaf

Future Panel to be Mined by Shortwall

Coal Pillar

Goaf

Future Panel to be Mined by Shortwall

Coal Pillar

Goaf

Extensometer Reading 25m Behind the Face

HOME 8

7 6

5 4

3 2

1 0 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Displacment (mm)

TEST CASE
REGIONAL STRESS FIELD IN 5 SEAM
OGIES DYKE SUBSEQUENT PANELS, MINED WITHOUT INCIDENT PANEL MINED OUTSIDE STRESS SHADOW - STOPPED DUE TO POOR ROOF

STRESS DIRECTION 45
STOPPED MAY 1999

CM1

45

CM

STRESS SHADOW (LOW S TRESS)

M ODERATE STRESS

HIGH STRESS

FALLS OF ROOF IN (LEADING) RIGHT HAND ROADS - MAY 99 NORTH

FALL OF ROOF IN (LEADING) L1- OCT 99 PROPOSED DIRECTION

Effect of Regional Stress on Mining Sequence

STYLISED MINING SEQUENCE DEMONSTRAT ING THE EFFECT OF SEQUENCE WRT THE STRESS SHADOW

MINING OF RIGHT HAND ROADS SHOWI NG EACH NEW ROAD BE ING EFFECT ED BY STRESS

MINING OF LEFT HANDS ROADS SHOWI NG EACH LYI NG IN A STRESS SHADOW CAUSED BY THE PREVIOUSLY DE VE LOPED ROAD.

TYPICAL ANTHOLOGY OF A 5 SEAM ROOF FALL

NORTH PLAN

4 3 2

STRESS DIRECTION

SECTION 4- FINNALLY, THE FALL

EXTE NDS HIGH INTO THE ROOF,

200 CM 50 CM

EXC EEDING THE C APACITY OF B OL TING TO R ESIST.

20 CM

2- FALL EXTE NDS

INTO R OOF

3- FALL EXTE NDS

ACR OSS WHOLE BOR D

1- NOR MAL FALL OF

IM MIEADIATE M UDST ONE LAYER

Shearing due to stress along cross-bed slump

section

FOG

roof

Bolt rows 2.0m apart

Stress Measurements

ARNOT

WITBANK

BANK

OGIES DYKE

GOEDEHOOP

HENDRINA

ANGLO COAL BOLT SPECIFICATIONS

System Stiffness increased. Resin strength increased. Bolt profile altered. Steel strength increased. Change in manufacturing process. Break-out system optimised. Performance based Specification

200

New Anglo Coal specification 20mm bolt

160

120

Load (kN)

80

Typical underground results for 16mm bolt system

40

0
DISPLACEMENT (mm)

Figure 11. Pull test results

CONCLUSION
NO REPORTED FALLS OF ROOF IN ANY AREA SUPPORTED WITH THE RECOMMENDED ANGLO COAL BOLT SPECIFICATIONS.