The Graves Model

Clare W. Graves (December 21, 1914January 3, 1986) was a professor of psychology and originator of a Level Theory of Human Development.

Human nature emerges along a developmental path from one equilibrium state to the next.

He said that people change as the conditions of their existence change. Graves model of psychological existence consists of 8 stages.

The psychology of the mature human being is an unfolding, emergent, oscillating, spiraling process marked by newer, higher-order systems as man's existential problems change. Man tends, normally, to change his psychology as the conditions of his existence change.

Automatic Existence (First Subsistence Level) Man seeks only the immediate satisfaction of his basic physiological needs no concept of cause or effect.

Tribalistic Existence (Second Subsistence Level) man's need is for stability This level of man has just struggled forth from striving to exist and now has his first established way of life. Does not have the ability of critical evaluation Safety is achieved thru tradition- one should live acc.to the ways of the elders.

Egocentric Existence (Third Subsistence Level)

Self-assertive individualism comes to the

fore he becomes aware of his needs as an individual Is aware of his needs, desires, whims Rugged Individualism- might is right, To hell with the rest of the world. Self-assertion Develops a hostile attitude I am for myself High degree of mistrust and suspicion.

Conformist (level 4)

One shall perform the role ascribed with

absolute perfection and disregard. People subordinate themselves to religion, philosophy, cause Emphasis is on perfect performance. Life is a serious business Zealot and fanatic (extremist, uncompromising)

Manipulative (level 5)
Why cant one have some enjoyment in this life ? Expresses his independence Reasons out for materialism High need for achievement Competitive, entrepreneurial attitude, willing to take risk

Socio-Centric (level 6) Experiences void- of being accepted, to

love and to be loved Shows preference to sensitivity Becomes more participative

Existential- (level 7) To be, to experience and to express Have a high tolerance for ambiguity Goal-oriented, recognize people with diff
values.