Cu lc b Giao lu K thut Nht Vit (JVEEF) BO CO CHUYN NGNH

JVEEFs Newsletter No.10 (1-2009)

24


Tnh ton tc ng ca gi i vi cng trnh c ma trn
gim chn phi t l bng phng php ph
Effect of dynamic wind force on structures using spectral
approaches with non-classical damping matrix

Nguyn Quang-Huy*

*Nghin cu sinh i hc Sherbrooke, Qubec, Canada. J1K2R1
Cng ty t vn EverNew Consultant Vit Nam


T m tt: Bi bo ny cp n ng dng ca phng php ph trong tnh ton thnh
phn ng ca ti trng gi trong cc tiu chun hin hnh. Tc gi gii thiu phng php
tnh ton cho cc cng trnh c bit c ma trn cn nht khng t l vi ma trn khi
lng v ma trn cng. Mt vi v d minh ho tin cy ca phng php so vi
phng php tnh ton theo thi gian v cc phng php ph hin ang c s dng.

Abstract: The paper presents the application of the spectral methods on dynamic
wind effects in some available codes. The main focus of the present
investigation is on the influence of non-proportional viscoelastic damping matrix
on the spectral calculation. The case study is clearly demonstrated with
numerical calculations showing the accuracy and high performance in this
method.
Key words: Spectral analysis, aerodynamic wind loads, non-proportional
damping, modal analysis.



1. M u

Hin nay, thnh phn ng ca ti trng gi c xem
nh ti trng tnh tng ng da trn h s gia tng (gust
effect factor) trong hu ht cc tiu chun hin hnh trn th
gii. V d trong tiu chun ASCE 7-05, vi kt cu mm,
nhy vi tc ng ca gi, h s GEF G
f
c tnh trc tip
t phn nn (background) v phn cng hng (resonance)
ca chuyn v nh ca kt cu di tc ng ca phn gi ri
v(t, z) (v(t, z)=V(t, z)-V
trung bnh
).
Trong nghin cu gi ng c ba phng php tnh
ton gi tr ln nht ca kt qu: (i) phng php tnh theo
hm thi gian; (ii) phng php ph gin tip thng qua ti
trng tnh tng ng v (iii) phng php ph trc tip.
Phng php th nht c u im l tnh cho mi kt cu
(tuyn tnh v phi tuyn) nhng nhc im ln nht l thi
gian tnh ton di v phi xt n trung bnh ca h cc ti
trng gi sinh ra ti cc im trn cng trnh. Phng php
th hai c s dng trong cc tiu chun nhng nhng tnh
ton gn y cho thy c sai s khi s dng lc gi tnh tng
ng da trn tnh ton ph ca chuyn v tnh ton cc
kt qu khc nhau Huang and Chen (2007). Phng php
th ba ging phng php th hai v nguyn l tnh ton
nhng thay v tnh kt qu thng qua ti trng tnh tng
ng ngi ta tnh trc tip kt qu y bng phng php
ph. Hai phng php ph ny c u im l tnh ton nhanh
nhng ch p dng c cho bi ton n hi tuyn tnh.
Hin c nhiu nh khoa hc nghin cu phng php
ph trong tnh ton gi ng nhng h s dng gi thit ma
trn gim chn t l. iu ny chp nhn c vi kt cu c
Cu lc b Giao lu K thut Nht Vit (JVEEF) BO CO CHUYN NGNH
JVEEFs Newsletter No.10 (1-2009)


25

gim chn nh v cc dao ng ring c tn s cch bit.
Vi kt cu mm c s dng cc thit b gim chn hoc khi
xt dao ng khng gian ca h th i hi phi tnh ton vi
ma trn gim chn thc. Bi bo ny gi thiu mt phng
php tnh ton gi ng theo phng php ph s dng ma
trn gim chn C
m
M +
k
K .

2. Phng php ph trong tiu chun ASCE7-05

Tiu chun ASCE 7-05 do hip hi xy dng M thit
lp, quy nh ti trng tiu chun thit k cho nh dn
dng v cng nghip. i vi kt cu mm (flexible building),
p lc gi ln h kt cu chu lc chnh (main wind-force
resisting system) c tnh bng cng thc (6-19) trong h
s G
f
c tnh bng cng thc (6-8):

]
= .9_
1+1.7I
z
_g
Q
2

2
+g
R
2
R
2
1+1.7g

I
z
_ (1)
vi
R
= ln(n
1
) +
0.577
2In (3600n
1
)
; n
1
l tn s
dao ng ring th nht ca kt cu; g
Q
=g
v
=3.4; I
z
l mt
gi chy ri ti cao trnh z=0.6h (h la chiu cao cng trnh)
nhng khng nh hn z
min
ly theo bng 6-2 trong tiu chun.
Gi tr ca Q v R trong cng thc trn c hiu l thnh
phn nn v thnh phn cng hng trong tnh ton chuyn v
nh kt cu do gi ri gy ra:
= _
1
[

B
(. +.
L
)
(2)
Vi
n
=
7.47N
1
(1+10.3N
1
)
S3
;
1
=
n
1
L
z
v

z
;

z
l vn tc
gi trung bnh ti cao trnh o trong mt gi ; I
z
l chiu
di t l tch hp (integral length scale) ca gi ri. Cc gi
tr tng ng
h,B,L
=
1
q
h,B,L
-
1
2q
h,B,L
2
( -
-2q
h,B,L
) v

h,B,L
= n p
h,B,L
= vi p
h
= .n
1
h

z
;
p
B
= .n
1
EB

z
v p
L
= .n
1
L

z
; l t l gim
chn (damping ratio).
=
_
1
1+0.63(
B+h
L
z
)
0.63
(3)
B, h l b rng v chiu cao n gi cng trnh.
Da vo cc cng thc (1), (2) v (3) chng ta c th a
ra mt s nhn nh nh sau:
a. Tiu chun ASCE 7-05 tnh ton gi ng da trn
cc phn nn Q v phn cng hng R ca chuyn v
nh cng trnh di tc ng ca gi ri.
b. Thnh phn nn Q ca chuyn v nh kt cu ch ph
thuc vo hnh dng hnh hc ca cng trnh (B v h) v
mt thng s ca gi (I
z
).
c. Thnh phn cng hng R ca chuyn v nh l hm
ca tn s dao ng ring th nht theo phng n gi
(n
1
), ca hnh dng kt cu n gi v cc thng s ca
gi.
d. H s gim chn trong cng thc (2) tng ng vi
dng dao ng ring c tn s n
1
.
Hai cu hi c t ra y l:
S tham gia ca cc dng dao ng bc cao (>1) c
iu chnh nh th no? Cc tnh ton ca Huang and
Chen (2007) cho thy khng phi mi phn ng
(response) u c lch chun (standard deviation)
ln nht khi xt dng dao dng u tin. Ni cch khc,
vic s dng dng dao ng u tin vi cc h s iu
chnh (nu c) c th a n kt qu gn ng cho
nhiu cu kin, cng c th dn ti s lng ph qu mc
trong thit k cc cu kin khc.
Do tnh ton s dng tn s dao ng ring thc n
1
nn
c th ngm hiu cc tc gi s dng gi thit ma
trn C =
m
M +
k
K. Vy vi h kt cu c s dng
cc thit b gim chn tp trung, liu rng gi thit trn
cn hp l? V dn n vic p dng tiu chun ny
cn kh thi hay khng?
bn c c th hiu r hn v ngun gc cng thc
(1), tc gi s trnh by phng php ph tng qut phn 3.
Phn 4 s m rng tnh ton gii quyt bi ton t ra cu
hi th 2.

3. Phng php ph trong tnh ton gi ng

Nh trnh by trn, phng php ny p dng cho
bi ton n hi tuyn tnh cng trnh. S d n ch ng cho
kt cu n hi tuyn tnh v ngi ta coi lc gi l tng i s
ca cc lc iu ho v do vy phn ng ca kt cu bng
tng i s ca cc phn ng thnh phn do cc lc iu ho
gy ra.
Chng ta chia gi thnh hai thnh phn ng v(t, z)
Hnh 1 Phn chia gi ng v tnh
Cu lc b Giao lu K thut Nht Vit (JVEEF) BO CO CHUYN NGNH
JVEEFs Newsletter No.10 (1-2009)


26

(trung bnh bng 0 v thay i theo thi gian v cao trnh) v
tnh V(z) (thay i theo cao trnh theo lut logarithm hoc
hm m). Khi phn ng ln nht ca kt cu (peak
dynamic response) r = r +o

= r +
gc
r

= r
]

trong r l phn ng tnh do V(z) gy ra; o

l lch
chun ca phn ng do v(t, z) gy ra v g l h s nh thng
k (statistical peak factor) Davenport (1961); Kareem and
Zhou (2003). Gi tr ca h s g trong khong t 3 n 4.
Tu tng tiu chun m cch tnh gi tr G
f
c khc nhau
nhng chng u c chung ngun gc t lch chun o

ca phn ng (thng ly chuyn v ti nh cng trnh). Bi
bo ny tp trung phn tch phng php ph trong tnh ton
o

ca phn ng tng qut.

Xt h n hi tuyn tnh N bc t do chu ti trng gi
ri {f(t)}:
{ ()] +C{ ()] +{()] = {()] (4)
Trong {y(t)} l vector chuyn v; M, K v C l ma trn
khi lng, cng v cn nht ca h kt cu. Vector lc
gi {f(t)}={f
1
(t); ; f
N
(t)} c tnh trc tip qua vector vn
tc gi {v(t)}={v
1
(t); ; v
N
(t)} ti cc v tr bc t do trn
cng trnh v thng thng c biu din qua ma trn mt
ph lc P
]
() = |
]
()]
N.N
=
]
],m
c
()
N.N
. Biu
thc
]
],m
c
() l ph giao ct mt v (one-sided cross
power spectral density) ca lc gi ti hai bc t do j v m
trn cng trnh. Khi nim ny c trnh by r trong Simiu
and Scanlan (1996) v Solari and Piccardo (2001).
Vi h n hi tuyn tnh c ma trn cn nht t
l C =
m
M +
k
K, s dng phng php cng tc dng cc
dng dao ng (superposition modal) vi bin i:

k
() = _
k]

]
()
N
]=1
, v = , .,

(5)
Pt. (4) tr thnh:

]
() +
]

]
() +
]
2

]
() =
P
]
(t)
M
]
, v = , .,

(6)
{
]
],
]
,
]
ln lt l cc vector ring, tn s dao ng
ring v t l gim chn (tng cng) tng ng vi dng dao
ng ring th j;
]
(),
]
() = {
]
]
1
{()], H
]
=
{
]
]
1
{
]
] l to quy chiu chnh (principal
coordinate), lc tng hp v khi lng tng hp ca dng
dao ng th j. Phng trnh vi phn bc hai (5) c nghim:

]
() = ]
]
()
t
-

]
( -), v = , .,

(7)
Trong
]
( -) l chuyn v
]
() di tc ng xung
lc Dirac Clough and Penzien (1995) :

]
( -) =
1
o
D
]
M
]

-o
]
{
]
(t-:)
sin

]
( -) (8)
Thay pt. (7) vo pt. (5) ta nhn c kt qu chuyn v
ti bc t do th k, v = , .,

. Tuy nhin vi h nhiu

bc t do, khi lng tnh ton rt ln nn Davenport
(1961) ln u tin p dng phng php ph vo tnh
ton gi ng. Nguyn tc tnh ton nh sau :
S dng pt. (5) v pt. (7) tnh hm t tng quan
(autocorrelation)

k
= |
k
()
k
( +)]
Mt ph nng lng (Power spectral density)

k
() ca chuyn v c nh ngha:

k
() =
1
2n
lim
1-
]

k
()
1
-1

-o:
(9)
Phng sai ca chuyn v chnh l gi tr hm t tng
quan ti thi im t = 0:
o

k
2
=

k
() = ]

k
()

-
(10)
lch chun ca chuyn v c tnh bi
o

k
= _]

k
()

-
(11)
Gi tr chuyn v ln nht do thnh phn ng (v(t,z))
gy ra:
r
k
=
k
o

k
(12)
Trong h s nh thng k g trong khong t 3 n 4.
Gi tr chuyn v ln nht ti k do gi gy ra:

k
= +
k
o

k
= +
gc
j
k

(12`)
Vi phn ng bt k r
k
() ti v tr k, phng php
tnh ton c thc hin tng t vi s vic s dng h s
nh hng mi b
k]
trong pt. (5):
r
k
() = _ b
k]

]
()
N
]=1
, v = , .,

(13)
b
k]
c hiu l phn ng ti k do lc tnh bng n v t ti
v tr j ln h kt cu. Thng thng ngi ta tnh b
k]
thng
qua vic biu din phn ng r
k
() = (
s
1
, .,
s
N
)
vi {
s
] = {
]
()] . Chng 23 trong Clough and
Penzien (1995) din gii chi tit cc pt. (9, 10, 11).
Hnh 2 Ph ca phn ng r(t) - h N bc t do chu gi
Cu lc b Giao lu K thut Nht Vit (JVEEF) BO CO CHUYN NGNH
JVEEFs Newsletter No.10 (1-2009)


27

Phng sai ca phn ng bt k r
k
() ti k c vit
nh sau:

o

k
2
= ]

k
()

-
(14)
= _ b
k]
N
m=1
b
km
N
]=1
E
]
(-)E
m
()

P
]m
()
Hm truyn E
]
(_) =
1
K
]
_1_2{
]

n
n
]
+
n
n
]

2
_
l bin i
fourier ca
]
() sang min tn s ;

() =
{
]
]
1
P
]
(){
m
] l ph giao ct ca lc tng hp
]
()
v
m
().
Vi h kt cu c h s gim chn nh (lightly damped)
v cc tn s dao ng ring tch bit, pt. (14) c tnh gn
ng:
o

k
2
= ] _ b
k]
2 N
]=1
E
]
(-)E
]
()

0

P
]
() (15)
vi
P
]
() = {
]
]
1
P
]
(){
]
]. Phn chia gn ng v
phi ca pt. (15) thnh tng ca hai phn: phn
nn o
B
r
k
2
(background) v phn cng hng o
R
r
k
2
(resonant),
phng sai ca phn ng gn ng o

k
2
= o

+ o

:
o

k
2
= _
b
k]
2
K
]
2
N
]=1
]
P
]
()

0
+ _
b
k]
2
K
]
2
N
]=1
no
]
4{
]

P
]
(
]
) (16)
Gi tr phn ng ln nht ti k do gi gy ra:
r
k
= r +
k
o

k
= r +_

2
o

2
o

(17)
H s nh thng k

c ngun gc ton hc
trong vic tnh ton phn b xc sut phn ng cc i
(probability distribution for extreme value). Quan st chui
phn ng {r
k
()} ta thu c mt chui M gi tr cc tr
dng (hoc m). Theo Daventport, hm phn b xc sut
gi tr cc i p
c
=

k
c
c
k
= max p = cc r

k
(t)
c
k
l:
(r
k
c
) = (r
k
c
> cc ti{r
k
()]) =
_-v1c
-r
k
c
2
2 _
(18)
vi v =
1
2n
_
] o
2
S
r
k
(o)do

0
] S
r
k
(o)do

0
.
Gi tr trung bnh ca p
c
tng ng l:
p
c
=

k
= ln(v) +
0.5772
2In (v1)
(19)
Do gi tr cc i ca {r
k
()} c tnh bi cng thc:
r
k
c
= o
k
p
c
= o
k
(ln(v) +
0.5772
2In(v1)
) (20)
Khi tch ph ca phn ng {r
k
()} thnh hai phn nn
v cng hng th gi tr cc i ca {r
k
()} c tnh gn
ng bng tng ca cc i nn v cc i cng hng:

k
o

k
= _

2
o

2
o

(21)
Nhng tnh ton trong v d trnh by phn 5 cho thy
vic tch thnh hai phn nn v cng hng ch ng (chp
nhn c) khi h c cc tn s dao ng ring tch bit v h
s gim chn nh.
Theo quan im tnh ton ca Davenport trnh by trong
Davenport (1995), ng s dng ng nh hng ca
phn ng v h s joint acceptance factors trong tnh
ton gi tr cc i ca phn ng. C mt vi nhn xt
rt ra t phng php ny :
Vai tr ca ng nh hng trong phng php ca
Davenport c th xem nh cc h s b
k]
trong cng
thc (16).
Vic coi phn nn ch ph thuc vo dng ng nh
hng, hnh dng kt cu v tnh cht ca gi m khng
ph thuc vo cc dng dao ng ca kt cu l cch
lm n gin ho bi ton. Cch lm ny ph hp cho
bi ton gi mt phng v cc bi ton khng i hi
chnh xc cao. Trong bi ton nghin cu, tt nht
vn nn xut pht t cng thc (14) tnh ton. S n
gin ho bi ton c th din ra khi gii hn s dng dao
ng tnh ton hoc b qua ph giao ct ca gi theo
cc phng.
Vn ma trn gim chn khng t l khng c tnh
n tiu chun ny. Nh ta thy trn, hon ton cc
cng thc tnh ton s dng cc dng dao ng thc.
iu ny ng ngha vi vic tnh ton kt cu trn c
s ma trn gim chn c sinh ra t ma trn khi
Hnh 3 : Phn ng r(t) quan nim ca Davenport

Cu lc b Giao lu K thut Nht Vit (JVEEF) BO CO CHUYN NGNH
JVEEFs Newsletter No.10 (1-2009)


28

lng v ma trn cng ch khng phi ma trn gim
chn gc.
D c kin cho rng rt kh trong vic xc nh c th
ma trn gim chn thc t v ch cn c cc gi tr t l
gim chn
]
l cho bi ton ng. Tuy nhin, tc
gi tin rng nhng kh khn trn s c gii quyt
trong tng lai gn v vic xy dng phng php tng
qut cho bi ton h chu gi l cn thit. Patron
(1998) trnh by phng php s dng s liu thc t
ca kt cu cu vi ma trn cn nht kh ng khi chu
ti trng gi. Tuy nhin cch din gii rt phc tp v tc
gi biu din phn ng trong min tn s ngay t cc
tnh ton ban u.
Phn tip theo tc gi xin trnh by tm tt nhng nghin
cu gn y v p dng phng php ph tnh ton dao ng
ca h kt cu mm chu gi. Ni dung ca phn ny cng
c trnh by chi tit trong bi bo d kin ng trn hi
ngh C hc Canada CanCam2009.

4. Phng php ph m rng tnh ton gi ng

Nh trnh by trn, khi ma trn gim chn t l vi
ma trn cng v ma trn khi lng th bi ton h chu
gi ng c tnh bng phng php ph cho kt qu nhanh
v chnh xc so vi phng php tnh theo thi gian. Khi ma
trn C
m
M +
k
K th c hin tng
T
C I. Khi
cng thc (6) khng cn ng v c cc thnh phn ngoi
ng cho chnh ca ma trn tch
T
C. Vn ny c
gii quyt bi Foss (1958) khi s dng vec t chuyn v
m rng {W(t)}=_
{()]
{ ()]
_ = _
{0
]
]
s
]
{0
]
]
_
s
]
t
= {0
]
]
s
]
t
.
Phng trnh (4) tng ng vi:

_____
A
|

()| +

-

_______
B
{()] = _
{()]
{]
_ (22)
vi (s
]
, s
]+N
) l N cp phc lin hp, l nghim ca h
phng trnh det[s[A]+[B]]=0; N cp vec t lin hp ({0
]
],
{0
]+N
]) l nghim ca h [s
]
[A]+[B]] {0
]
] = {0}.
Biu din {W(t)} = [0
]
]{Y(t)} = {Y(t)}, biu thc (22) l:
o|o
]
]|

()| +o|b
]
]{()] =
1
_
{()]
{]
_ (23)
y, o|o
]
] = _
o
1

. .
o
2N
_ =
1
|] v
o|b
]
] = _
b
1

. .
b
2N
_ =
1
|]. D thy (o
]
, o
]+N
)
v (b
]
, b
]+N
) l nhng cp lin hp.
Gii h phng trnh vi phn bc nht (23) ta thu c:
{()]
2N.1
= _]
]
()
1
u
]

-
c
]
b
]
(t-:)

t
-
_
2N.1
=
= ]
]
()h
]
( -)
t
-

2N.1
(24)
vi
]
() = {0
]
]
1
{()], v = , .,

.
p dng phng php trnh by trong phn 3, ta c phng
sai ca phn ng r
k
() ti k c tnh bi:
o

k
2
= ] _ _
k]
2N
m=1

km
2N
]=1
_
]
(-)_
m
()

0
T

]m
() (25)
Trong _
]
(_) l bin i fourier ca h
]
(). Cc
gi tr
k]
; T

]m
() c tnh tng t nh phn 3 vi
ch cc dng dao ng phc c s dng.

5. Th d minh ho

minh ho tnh chnh xc ca phng php, tc gi
trnh by th d mt h hai bc t do nh hnh v 4.
a. Lc gi:
Lc t ti m
1
v m
2
f
1
(t) = 2f
2
(t) sinh ra t ph vn tc gi:

1
() =

()
_ +

()
_
53

-
2

vi z=10 m;

() = s;
-
=1.892 m/s.
b. Thuc tnh ca h:
Ma trn cng = _

1
+
2
-
2
-
2

1
+
2
_. Vi
(
1
,
2
) = (., .), tn s dao ng ring khng cn
nht tng ng (
1
;
2
) = (1.458; 1.55) (rad/s). Ma trn
khi lng =
5

. Ma trn gim chn
C =
5

+ c

-c

-c

s. Bng cch thay i gi

tr (c
1
, c
2
) ta nhn c ma trn C t l hay khng t l vi ma
trn K v M.
c. Phng php phn tch theo thi gian:
Phng php Newmark - hng s gia tc trung bnh
(constant average - acceleration) Bathe (1996) c s
dng vi (, ) = (0.5, 0.25) v thi gian T = Nt = 32768x
Hnh 4 H hai bc t do chu gi
Cu lc b Giao lu K thut Nht Vit (JVEEF) BO CO CHUYN NGNH
JVEEFs Newsletter No.10 (1-2009)


29


Bng 1 : lch chun ca chuyn v m
2

0.125 = 4096 s. Nm cp vec t lc {R(t)}={f
1
(t), 0.5f
1
(t)}
c sinh ra t cng mt hm ph

1
(). lch chun
tnh t na cui ca chui chuyn v nhm hn ch sai s do
chuyn v qu ban u. Gi tr ca lch chun ca
chuyn v ti khi lng m
2
c ly trung bnh t nm kt
qu tnh ton trn:
o

2
NM
=
_
_
]
2
2
(
]
)
]
1
12

5
]=1

d. Phng php tnh ton gi t l:
Trong tnh ton c mt phng php gn ng khi xt
bi ton ma trn C phi t l. Bng cch thit lp ma trn c =

T
C ri gi li cc thnh phn ng cho chnh, phng
php ph trnh by trong phn 3 c s dng. lch chun
ca chuyn v ti m
2
c xc nh bng:
o

2
P
= _] _ _
2]
2
m=1

2m
2
]=1
E
]
(-)E
m
()

0

P
]m
()
Trong
P
]
() = {
]
]
1
P
]
(){
]
] = {
]
]
1

1
()
.
. .
{
]
].
Nu s dng cng thc gn ng (16), lch chun ca
chuyn v l:
o

2
PA
= _

2]
2
K
]
2
2
]=1
_
P
]
()

0
+

2]
2
K
]
2
2
]=1
n
]

]

P
]
(
]
)
e. Phng php tnh ton phi t l:
S dng cng thc (25), lch chun ca chuyn v ti
m
2
tnh bng:
o

2
NP
= __ 0
2]
4
m=1
0
2m
4
]=1
_
]
(-)_
m
()

0
T

]m
()
Trong trng hp (c
1
; c
2
) = (0.5; 0.1), na trn ca ma trn
vec t ring tng ng l:

uh
=
-.9 +. -. +.9
-.8 +. . -.9
-.9 -. -. -.9
-.8 -. . +.9
.
Ma trn T

]m
() = 0
]
1
P
]
()0
m
= 0
]
1

1
()
.
. .
0
m

vi 0
]
, 0
m
l cc vec t ct ca
uh
.
f. So snh lch chun:
lch chun ca chuyn v m
2
theo cc phng php
trnh by trn c th hin trong bng 1 di y. Hnh v
5 minh ho kt qu theo hm thi gian v mt ph ca kt
qu theo 3 cch ng vi trng hp (c
1
; c
2
) = (0.5; 0.1).
Ctest = 0.1M+0.1K.

6. Kt lun v tho lun

Bi vit trn trnh by tm tt phng php ph ng
dng trong bi ton kt cu chu ti trng gi. Tc gi a ra
phng php s dng trc tip ma trn gim chn tng th
ca kt cu trong tnh ton lch chun ca phn ng. Cc
dng dao ng phc kt hp vi cc hm truyn mi
_
]
(_) c s dng trong tnh ton. So snh kt qu
phn ng vi cc phng php thng thng hin nay cho
thy tin cy cao (< - 4% so vi phng php tnh theo hm
thi gian), thi gian tnh ton ngn (do ch phi tnh ton ton
hc vi s vng lp khng nhiu) v kt qu tnh ton khng
ph thuc vo qu trnh t sinh vn tc gi (hay lc gi) theo
thi gian. Nhc im ln nht ca phng php l ch p
dng c cho bi ton tuyn tnh n hi v cc dng dao
ng phc ca kt cu cha c cp nhiu trong cc
chng trnh phn t hu hn. Mt s kin tho lun ca tc
gi nh sau:
Vic tnh ton phn ng ca h kt cu trn c s ma
trn gim chn gc l cn thit. Mt s phng php
lm trn cho kt qu qu an ton, gy lng ph khng
cn thit trong xy dng.
Hnh 5 Chuyn v m
2
khi (c
1
; c
2
)=(0.5 ; 0.1)
Cu lc b Giao lu K thut Nht Vit (JVEEF) BO CO CHUYN NGNH
JVEEFs Newsletter No.10 (1-2009)


30

Cc kt cu nhp ln c s tham gia ca cc thit b
gim chn tp trung (cu, nh siu cao,) hoc h c
h s gim chn kh ng cao (cable,) u l i
tng cn nghin cu trong tng lai.
Trn y l nhng tm tt s lc v mt phng php
tnh tc ng ng ca gi. Phng php ny tuy khng mi
nhng cn nhiu iu cn khm ph. Tc gi hy vng nhn
c nhiu kin ng gp c th hon thin hn hiu
bit chung v ng lc cng trnh. Tc gi xin trn thnh cm
n Tin S Phm Hong Kin tham gia ng gp kin
trong qu trnh xy dng bi bo.
Mi kin ng gp xin gi v a ch email:
quang.huy.nguyen@usherbrooke.ca. Xin chn thnh cm n


Ti liu tham kho
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3. Clough R.W. and Penzien J., Dynamics of Structures,
1995, Computers and Structures, third edition,
752pages.
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concepts to the wind loading of structures, 8/1961,
Proc. Instn of Civil Engineering, vol.19 449-472.
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