NGHIN CU TRIEN KHAI NG DUNG BP PARABN

S DUNG NNG LUQNG MAT TRI

A STUDY ON THE APPLICATION OF PARABOLIC SOLAR COOKER


HOANG DUONG HUNG
Truong ai hoc Bach khoa, ai hoc a Nng


TM TAT
Ngy nay nng luong mt tri duoc s dung ngy cng nhiu v thay th dn cc ngun
nng luong truyn thng ngy mt khan him. Vit Nam l nuc c ngun nng luong mt
tri rt ln, do vy thit bj nng luong mt tri ngy cng duoc quan tm nghin cu s dung.
Bi bo ny trnh by kt qu nghin cu trin khai bp parabn s dung nng luong mt tri
dng cho nu com, nuc v thc n nhm gp phn tit kim nng luong v bo v mi
trung.
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, solar energy is increasingly used and gradually replaces conventional limited
energy. Vietnam has a great resource of solar energy, so more and more attention is being
paid to the research and use of solar power equipment. In this article we present the study
results on applying the parabolic solar cooker for rice and cooking and water boiling so as to
save energy and protect the environment.


1. t vn
Su thiu hut v nng luong trn toan cu ngay cang tng cung voi vic su dung cac
ngun nng luong truyn thng la vn d nhim mi truong sinh thai ngay mt nghim
trong, do vy cac ngun nng luong moi d va dang duoc nghin cuu su dung ngay cang
nhiu nhm dn dn thay th cho cac ngun nng luong truyn thng ngay mt khan him.
Vit Nam la mt nuoc co ngun nng luong mt troi rt lon trong luc do cac ngun
nng luong khac khng du cung cp cho nhu cu ngay cang tng cua cng cuc cng nghip
hoa hin dai hoa dt nuoc. Mt khac o cac tinh min Trung va Ty Nguyn cuc sng cua
nguoi dn nng thn con ngheo, cht dt chu yu duoc su dung la rom ra, than, cui, do do vn
d dn cy pha rung lam cht dt ngay mt gia tng lam anh huong dn mi truong sinh thai
tu nhin. Do vy nghin cuu su dung ngun nng luong mt troi d nu com, nuoc va thuc n
la rt cn thit va co y nghia rt lon trong vic gop phn tit kim nng luong va bao v mi
truong sinh thai o nuoc ta

2. Nghin cu l thuyt
2.1. Cu to, nguyn l hot ng bp parabn nng lng mt tri
Bp nu Parabn co cu tao nhu hinh 1. D dt ni (1) lam bng khung kim loai dn
nhit tt, d duoc gn voi h thng chn d (nhung cach nhit voi h thong chan d), d dt
ni co th duoc dua vao dua ra va dua ln dua xung khoi tm cua bp. Ni chua thuc n (2)
la ni nu binh thuong bn ngoai duoc son mau den (chon loai son co do hap thu cao) d co
th hp thu nng luong mt troi tt, khi cn nuong (thit, ca...) thi co th thay ni bng tm luoi
Inox, dung tich cua ni tuy thuc vao kich thuoc cua bp va tuy thuc vao thoi gian chung ta
cn nu chin thuc n. Mt phan xa (3) lam bng kim loai (nhom, thep trng hoc Inox) danh
bong nhn d co d phan xa cao. Bin dang cua mt phan xa la mt parabn tron xoay duoc ga

tua vao khung nhu hinh v d co th nhn anh sang tu mt troi. Khung d (4) lam bng kim
loai, nhua hoc g co bin dang la mt parabn tron xoay d co th ga mt phan xa ln trn
khung, khung duoc ch tao sao cho co th thao lp d dang. Thanh chong diu chinh (5) lam
bng kim loai hoc g cung d diu chinh chao parabn xoay quanh mt truc nm ngang. H
thng chn d (6) lam bng kim loai, nhua hoc g co th d dang thao lp hoc xp gon. Vi
tri tm ni nu (dim hoi tu cua mt parabon) duoc tinh toan sao cho ni duoc dt vao trong
long cua chao parabn d giam tn tht nhit do di luu (khi co gio).


2.2. Tnh ton thit k bp parabn nng lng mt tri
Bp gm chao parabn nhn chum buc xa nhit mt troi co duong kinh D, mt phan xa
parabn co h s phan xa R, ni nu lam bng Inox son den co h s hp thu c, duong kinh ni
la d chiu day o
o
, co khi luong
ring
o
, nhit dung ring C, chiu
cao h. Ni chua dy nuoc co nhit
dung ring C
n
khi luong ring
n
,
Bp nu duoc su dung thuong vao
bui trua (tu 10h dn 2h) nn cuong
d buc xa trung binh tinh toan ly
tai Thanh ph Da Nng va tinh
Quang Nam la 940 W/m
2
. Ta hy
tinh toan kich thuoc bp (D) cn
thit d nu mt luong nuoc chua
dy trong ni dn khi si (dat nhit
do t
s
voi nhit do moi truong xung
quanh t
o
) trong mt khoang thoi
gian t cho truoc nao do.
Trong thoi gian t bp (gom chao
parabon va noi nau) s thu tu buc
xa mt troi mt luong nhit bng Q
1:
Q
1
= c.E.F.t, |J|. trong do din tich
tinh F = [F
1
+ RF
2
]
D
d
h

Hinh 2. Mo hinh tinh toan
1
3
4
5
6
2


Hinh 1. Cau tao bp Parabon
1- D dt ni
2- Ni chua thuc n
3- Mt phan xa
4- Khung d
5- Thanh chong diu chinh
6- H thng chn d


Voi: - din tich hung nng cua ni F
1
~ d.h, [m
2
]
- din tich hung nng cua mt parabn F
2
=
4
2
D t
- F
1
, [m
2
]
Luong nhit nhn duoc cua bp Q
1
dung d:
- Lam tng ni nng cua ni U
o
= m
o
.C.(t
s
- t
o
)
-
Lam entanpy cua nuoc I
m
= m
n
.C
n
(t
s
- t
o
)

-
Lam tng ni nng cua d ni U
d
(d noi thuong lam bng khung thep nho nn ta bo
qua phan nav)

-
Tn tht ra mi truong xung quanh Q
2
trong do: m
o
= td.h.o
o
.
o
+ 2.o
o
.
o
.
4
2
d t
, [kg], m
n
=
4
2
d t
.h.
n
[kg],
Do bp duoc cu tao nhu trn nn tn tht nhit ra mi truong xung quanh chu yu la do trao
di nhit di luu tu nhin giua b mt xung quanh ni va khng khi di luu xung quanh nn ta
trong truong hop nay ta co th tinh;
Q
2
= o F
xq
(t
s
- t
o
)t, [J].
Voi; - h s toa nhit di luu tu nhin o chon o = 10 W/m
2
d [2]
- din tich xung quanh F
xq
= td.h +2.
4
2
d t
, [m
2
]
Vy phuong trinh cn bng nhit cho bp la:
Q
1
= m
o
.C.(t
s
- t
o
) + m
n
.C
P
(t
s
- t
o
), hay
c.E.F.t =(td.h.o
o
.
o
+ 2.o
o
.
o
.
4
2
d t
) C.(t
s
- t
o
) +
4
2
d t
.h.
n
C
n
(t
s
- t
o
) + o F
xq
(t
s
- t
o
) t
Thay cac gia tri; E = 940 W/m
2
, c =
0,9, D = 0,9, R =0,9, o
o
=0,001m,

o
= 7850kg/m
3
, t
s
= 100
o
C, t
o
=
30
o
C, C 460 J/kgd,
n
=
1000kg/m
3
, C
n
4200J/kgd, d
0,25m, h 0,2m, ta tinh duoc m
=1,75kg m
n
=9,8kg
=> F. t = 3482 hay (0,7D
2

+0,002).t = 3486 => D(t) =
0028 , 0
. 7 , 0
3486

t

Ta xy dung quan h D(t) nhu hinh
3. Tu quan h nay ta co th tinh
duoc duong kinh bp parabn D
theo thoi gian nu t yu cu hoc
nguoc lai khi co bp ta tinh duoc
thoi gian nu va cng sut cua bp.
: Nu cn nu voi ni nu trn
(chua 9,8 kg nuoc) trong thoi gian
45 phut 2700s thi cn bp co duong kinh D 1,3m. Ngoai dung d nu nuoc nu com bp
parabn do co d hi tu cao nn co th dung d xao nu va nuong thuc n nhit d tai tm hi
tu co th ln dn 450
o
C.
0 1200 2400 3600 4800 6000
1.33
2.67
4
5.33
6.67
8
Thoi gian nau (s)
D
u
o
n
g

k
i
n
h

c
u
a

b
e
p

p
a
r
a
b
o
n

(
m
)
7.056713
0.909505
D t
.
6 10
3 100 t

Hinh 3. o thi quan h D(t)


3. Nghin cu thc nghim
.1. Ch to bp parabn
B phn quan trong nht cua bp la mt parabn phan xa, nu san xut hang loat thi
mt nay tt nht la lam bng nhm va dp voi bin dang theo yu cu ri sau do danh bong
mt trong tht nhn va sang (nhu guong). Tuy nhin d ch tao duoc nhu vy thi cn phai co
cac dung cu va may moc chuyn dung. Thuc t theo phuong phap tinh toan nhu phn 2.2
chung ti d ch tao hang loat cac bp parabn voi nhiu loai vt liu va kich thuoc khac nhau
d su dung trong diu kin thuc t va kt qua rt phu hop voi tinh toan ly thuyt.
Trong thuc t d don gian trong qua trinh ch tao va giam gia thanh thit bi chung ta co
th ch tao mt parabn phan xa theo cac cach nhu; loai bp co mt parabn lam tu cac tm la
kim loai duoc danh bong hinh quat (hinh 4, 5)
































500.0
1000.0
1200.0
360.0 250.0
o
62.5
f
0
CHUY:
Cothchtao mt phan xatheo cac bin dang khac nhng
bin dang cua mt phan xaphai codang:
vi f latoacua tiu im (tm ni)
Cach ghep cac tm thanh mt phan xa
15
Tm ni (tiu im)
Mt phan xa
x
y
2
4.f
y =
x

Hinh 4. Bin dang mt parabon phan xa.





Hnh 5. O tam cua tam hinh quat co th tu 10
o
15
o






Hinh 5. la loai bp co mt phan xa gm cac tm thep trng hinh quat co chiu day
0,5mm d duoc danh bong sn va duoc ghep dng tm dua trn mt khung co bin dang
parabn. Tm phan xa con co th duoc ch tao tu cac manh thep trng nho (bng cach nav co
th tan dung cac manh ph thai d tit kim) ghep voi nhau trn mt khung dinh hinh sn theo
bin dang mt parabn sao cho co th lp ghep cac tm pha xa nho duoc d dang (hinh 6).
D tin loi cho vic vn chuyn va thao lp (di du lich...) chung ta co th ch tao bp
gm nhiu manh, hinh 7 la loai bp parabn 6 manh, rt tin loi cho lp ghep va su dung ngay
khi cn thit.

.2. Trin khai ng ng bp parabn
Voi loai bp nu parabn co d hi tu cao nn thuong duoc dung d chin, xao nu
thuc n dc bit la dung ran, nuong cac loai thuc phm vi nhit d tai tiu dim co th dat
300450
o
C.
Truoc luc nu thi chung ta phai chun bi thuc n truoc, cho vao ni va dy np lai, dt
ni ln trn d dt ni (hinh 1), khi mun nuong (thit, ca... ) thi thay ni bng loai luoi Inox
(hinh 14), dich chuyn h thng bp va diu chinh goc nghing cua chao parabn (bng thanh
chong diu chinh) sao cho ni co th nhn duoc nhiu anh sang nht. Tuy theo kich thuoc cua
bp va dung luong thuc n trong ni ma sau thoi gian khoang 3060phut thuc n s chin.

Hinh 6. Loai bp ch tao tu cac mau tam phan xa nho.



Hinh 7. Loai bp Parabol 6 manh

Trong qua trinh nu nu co thoi gian thi tt nht sau khoang 15 phut chung ta nn x dich bp
d co th nhn duoc anh sang nhiu nht thi thoi gian nu s nhanh hon.


4. Kt lun
Theo kt qua nghin cuu ly thuyt va trin khai ung dung thuc t cua bp nng luong
mt troi, buoc du cho thy trin vong rt lon cua vic su dung nng luong mt troi o nuoc ta,
Bp parabn dung nng luong mt troi d duoc su dung rt hiu qua cho vic dun nu cua
nguoi dn vung su vung xa va hai dao nhm gop phn tit kim nng luong va bao v mi
truong.

K

[1]. Hoang Duong Hung, 2007, Nghin cuu trin khai thit bi nng luong mt troi, Du an
uom tao cng ngh.
[2]. John A. Duffie, William A. Beckman, 1991, Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, A
Wiley - Interscience Publication.
[3]. Published by Technology for Life, Finland, 1995, Manual For Solar Box cookers.
Hinh 8. Bp parabon dung d nau thuc n


Hinh 9. Bp parabon dung d nuong ca, thit