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POSTER SESSION
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. ..158
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, . ..160
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, . ...167
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, . , . , . ...175
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, . .181
6.
, . ..186
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, , . , . , .
, . 193
8. , .,
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, . , . ....216
12.
& ,

13.

14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.

&
, . -.220
2002-2006. ,
. ...227
: EcoWeek, . ......233
,
. , . ....238
-
, . ...242
, . ...245

, . .250
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. ...254

 :
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.

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. .

 -
.

s
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2. ( , , ).
3.
.


.

, , .
, 2004
, ,
Tenth International Symposium on Gaseous Dielectrics
,
.
, ,
, :
1. (
).

2.
.
3. (
).
4.
- .
5.
( , ).


,

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1


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.



.
.

1
Reference: USA DOE 2005, http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/abstracts.html#SEU

 :
,


.

1.

1987
1500 .
,
1992 , .
, 1996, , ,
.
(
, 560 MW, ,
400 KV ...)
. , 2001

, , .
12.7.2004
, ,
50 ,

(
) (
)
(Demand Side Management).
,

. , ,
,
()
,

.

2.

2.1

1 2010
, . 2006
, , ,
, 25/08/2005 24/08/2006.
. 3%
2.5% . 4%
3.6% . ,

.

( 2006
61.75%).
1
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2.2

(MW)

9961
10,260
10,568
10,885
11,211

9961
10,359
10,774
11,205
11,653

(GWh)

53886
55,233
56,614
58,029
59,480

53886
55,826
57,836
59,918
62,075

8760 (MW)
.

1
25/08/2005 24/08/2006
, 2006, 10000 MW (
9961 MW 21/08/2006). 1
200 .
9000 MW 52
/ (. 1). 1
Q0=1000 MW ( 9000 10000
MW) E0= 14700 MWh/ (

10

 1000 MW 14.7 ,
0.0273% ),
,
.

(Q0,E0).
10000 MW, ,
15 %

.
.

11

2.3

()
, () . . () .
:

gAK g
.
g


min
max min max
.
(fc= vc=):
(min) (max).
2 :

12

min
max
. min
. max

min

max

fc
/MW

vc
/MWh

Q0
MW

C0=fc*Q0+vc*E0
0
/
MWh

C0pu = C0 /
E0
/MWh

176272
223459
58344
82875

20.5882
31.0345
44.8276
58.0000

1000
1000
1000
1000

14700
14700
14700
14700

176575146
223914790
59002552
83727580

12011.91
15232.30
4013.78
5695.75

35805

82.5000

1000

14700

37017373

2518.19

50205

120.0000

1000

14700

51968543

3535.28

2
Q0=1000 MW E0 =14700
MWh/ .
C0pu
=3535.28 /MWh .
, 2,
C0
37.02 51.97 . /.

37.02 51.97 . / ,
/
,
.
.
(Value of Lost Load=VLL)
.

:

VLL=

(1)

220 /
=55000000 MWh/ VLL=4000 /MWh.

13

 ,
() Q0=1000 MW 0=14700
MWh/, QSE<Q0
SE<0, EUSE=0-SE
(USE=UnServedEnergy).
:

C = fc * Q SE + vc * E SE + VLL * (E 0 - E SE )
(2)
(2) fc vc
2 (fc=35805 /MW-

vc= 82.5

/MWh),
.
:

C = fc * Q SE + vc * E SE + VLL * (E 0 - E SE ) < fc * Q 0 + vc * E 0
(3)
:

VLL * (E 0 - E SE ) < fc * (Q 0 - Q SE ) + vc * (E 0 - E SE )
(4)
(4)
.
:

h USE =

E 0 - E SE
E
= USE
Q 0 - Q SE
Q USE

(5)
(4) :

VLL * h USE < fc + vc * h USE

(6)
fc, vc VLL (6)
hUSE < 9.14 /. ,
9.14 , /
.
EUSE QUSE
( 0 Q0 1).

14

 , EUSE
- QUSE =10000 MW.
QUSE
EUSE , (5), hUSE.
EUSE QUSE
EUSE
:

C = fc * Q USE + vc * E USE

(7)

C LL = VLL * E USE

(8)
C=C(hUSE) CLL=CLL(hUSE).
2,
hUSE =9.14 /.
hUSE < 9.14 CLL<C, ,
hUSE > 9.14 CLL>C ,
.
hUSE = 9.14 / QUSE = 830 MW.

2:

10200

CLL

60000

10000

50000

9800

40000

QUSE

MW

70000

9600

30000

9400

20000

9200

10000

9000

hUSE
0

8800
0

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

h=/Q

MWh

15

 Q0=1000 MW
QSE=1000- 830 =170 MW ,
QUSE= 830 , ,
.
VLL=4000 /MWh.
..

. ..
25% VLL=5000
/MWh.
2 hUSE =7.28 /,
2 QUSE = 757 MW
QSE=1000-757= 243 MW .
VLL,
, MW
. VLL
. 3
VLL 3500 7000 /MWh
500 /MWh. .. VLL=5000 /MWh
QSE= 243 MW ESE =9188 MWh
CSE=9.5 . /. M E E
USE=14700-9188=5512 MWh
CLL=CUSE=27.5 . /.

3: /
VLL
QUS
VLL
hUSE
EUSE
QSE
ESE
CSE
CLL
CUSE
C0
E
/MW / M MWh/
MWh/
h

MW

/
/
/
/
QUS
VLL
hUSE
EUSE
QSE
ESE
CSE
CLL
CUSE
C0
E
3215868
3701737
3500
10.48
877
9188
123
5512 4858693
1 32158681
3
3034367
3701737
4000
9.14
830
7586
170
7114 6673698
6 30343676
3
2888685
3701737
4500
8.11
792
6419
208
8281 8130519
4 28886854
3

16

5000

7.28

757

5512

243

9188

5500

6.61

729

4818

271

9882

6000

6.05

702

4248

298

10452

6500

5.58

677

3777

323

10923

7000

5.18

653

3380

347

11320

1000

14700

9458553
1051831
7
1153210
5
1246603
0
1335811
3
3701737
3

2755882
0
2649905
6
2548526
8
2455134
3
2365926
0
0

27558820
26499056
25485268
24551343
23659260
0

1000 MW 757
243 MW. (mix)



.
3.

,
1,
10000 MW, ,
300 MW .

(. 3
1000 MW 2006
52 , 1000 MW
. .. 2010
35 ).
,
,

,

.

17

3701737
3
3701737
3
3701737
3
3701737
3
3701737
3
3701737
3

 , ,
, ,

Kozlodui,
450 MW

.

MW .

3: 2006 2011
12000
11900
11800
11700
11600
11500
11400
11300
11200
11100
11000
10900
10800
10700
10600
10500
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10100
10000
9900
9800
9700
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8900
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8500
0

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

n=2006

n=2007

n=2008

n=2009

n=2010

n=2011

450 MW
( 12% 10) 23.6 28.3 . / .
55 MWh/
0.000429 0.000515 /kWh (0.429 0.515 /MWh),
0.6% .

,
(, ,
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,

18

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19



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21

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22

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:
- (MW),
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10,11,13,14,15 12.
.

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23


.
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/.
92%
.
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(MW)

22

4.808

718

1.539

55

3.060

,
2006 :
:

30.400 GWh

3.200 GWh

8.500 GWh

6.200 GWh

2.900 GWh

)
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. ( 1).
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24

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26



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2006-2010 .
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.
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CO2

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50 . .
.
:
1.
2.

27

3.

4. .
5. .

M bottom up,
, , :
1.
(LUVO)

-
- (..-.)



2.


3.

4. .
..

28

 .. ,
,

5.

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, :
A.
:



( )
B.

29


( )
..
.
.
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.. Thermo (

)
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On Line .
,

. ( )
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,
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0,5 . ).
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.. ( 4,5 %) ( 125 . ).
:
-



:

30


LUVO
On-line ..
on-line
/ ..
100 . (
CO2).

31



. , . , .
,
1.


.

.

21.1% 44.0% [1].
.. ,
,
.
1.

44
42

Total Efficiency (%)

40
38
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
1950

1960

1970

1980

1990

Commissioning year

32

2000

2010

 1:
.
,
38 42%,
.
.
2.
T
5,228 MWe , 200-300 MWe.
11% 1970,
35% 20 30 .
, 50% 15
22 , [2].
2010, 40 %
40.5 % , 30 .
,

.
3.
3.1
,

. ,
[3], :

, .

,
.

, KEDI, Diogenes ..

33

.


.
.

.

.

.

100 oC.

, , .
,
,
. ,
. .

.
.

.

.
, ,
.

.

.

.
,

, .

..

34

3.2

,
, ,
. 2
.

2 : .

-,
DIN 1942,
.

,
.

0.5%.
4.

. , , , IV, -
, , , ,
IV .

35

 ON-LINE ()
. , , .
,
.
4.1 . , , , V,
, - , , ,


0.7C 5.2C ,
,
.
,
,

,
0.3oC ,
0.48
.
4.2 . , V

4.5%.
/ ( ,
, ,
), / (
, ,
), / ( ,
) (
,
).
,
.

36

4.3

40 50 C .

.

45 Wth,
/.
5. .

.
CO2
.
, CO2
, .


CO2 .
.
6. CO2
330 Mwel

. ,
8
. ,
CO2
. ,
10.3
11.6, 1.

37



, 3 [4].
1:

ASU (nis= 0.83)

CO2
(nis= 0.85)



CO2
( ,
)

MWth

830,0

830,0

830,0

MWth

256.5

MWel

58.1

MWel

22.4

20.5

MWel

1.5

0.7

MWel

8.7

MWel
%

293.7
35.74

211.0
25.42

200.5
24.16

10
9
8

cent/ kWh

CO2
( 2)

6
5

..

4
3
2

..

3 : CO2
CO2

38

7.


.

CO2,
30 kT CO2, - 41 kT CO2 . -
479 kT CO2 . 0,67%, 0.41% 2.63%
,
.


CO2.
CO2, ,
.

6.

CSFTA-VGB, Size and type of existing electricity-generating capacity using solid

fuels within an enlarged EU, Final Report (Contract No: 4.1004/D/99-006), Athens,
2000.

6.

Kakaras E., Grammelis P. and Jacobs J.: Existing electricity generation capacity using
solid fuels within the enlarged EU: market size and renovation options, VGB
PowerTech, April 2002.

6.

Suggestions for the refurbishment of a Greek lignite-fired power plant Efficiency,

Costs, and Operation Aspects, Stamatelopoulos, G.N., Kakaras, Emm.1, Bergeles, G.1
Georgoulis, L. ASME International Joint Power Generation Conference, Baltimore,
USA, 24-26 August 1998, FACT-Vol. 22, Volume 1, pp. 185-191.

6.

CO2 , .
, . , . , . ,
, 9-10
2005,

39



.
& ,
. 210-7723661, FAX 210-7723659, e-mail: nh@power.ece.ntua.gr

1.

,

.
,
. ,
,
.

,
,
, , ,

() ()
, , , . H
,
1 [1].

40

Barcelona 12-15 May 2003

The vision..
Yesterday

Central power station

Tomorrow: distributed/ on-site

generation with fully integrated
network management
Photovoltaics
power plant

Transmission Network

Storage

Storage
Flow
Control

Storage

Storage

House

Power
quality
device

Distribution Network
Local CHP plant

Wind
power
plant

Factory

Power
quality
device

House with domestic CHP

Commercial
building

Manuel SANCHEZ

European Commission BETA SESSION 4b: Integration of RES+DG

-3

1.
,
,

.
,

,
,
.


.
,

,
, ,
,
.
,

41

 .
.
2.

2
1999. 7830 TWh
, 4710 (60%)
, 1560 (20%)
, 360 (4.5%) . ,
2600 TWh,
33%.
, (CHP),
, , . ,
, , , .
.
, ()
( ), , .


.

30% . ,
CHP
CHP, (
3). (Essent Field Test)
3.000 kWh 1700 m3
19.950 kWh 500 kWh 1984 m3
2.500 kWh
14.950 kWh . 90%.

42

Electricity Supply in Europe:

Electricity Generation in European OECD countries (inTWh)
Source: OECD 1999

Acceptable?
Coal:
2

597.3

Oil: 523.

Total primary
energy input for
electricity
Renewable fuels & wast
e: 199.5 production:
7831.8

Gas: 1104.0

Nuclear: 2833.4
8
Hydro: 513.

om
s fr
.1
sse : 4712
o
l
n
n
rsio ductio
e
v
Con al pro
rm
the
se
nu
Ow

:1
lant
er p
w
o
P

56.7

e
loss
ort
nsp
Tra

s:3

68.5

86.5
: 10
s tr y
u
d
In
756.1
ential:
Resid

Gross Electricity
Net Electricity Electricity delivered
Production:
Production: 2963 to customers:
3119.7
2601.1
Services: 613.6
Commerce, Public
Other: 145.4
Net im

ports:

23.6

33% total efficiency of the electricity supply system

2. (1999)

100 % 50 % electrical energy

power
station 50 %
unused
waste heat

50 % fossil fuel

exchange of electrical energy

100 % Oil / Gas

3.
(1/3
)

43


. ,
,
.
3.

, 7%-10%
.
, ,
, , .
,
.

.
, 1%
2 . CO2 .
1.7% ,
0.35%,
[5].

.
,

.
4.

44

 ( 1). , -
.
.
25% 30%.

( ) 70% 80%. ,
, , . ,
,
65 CO2
. ,

10% CO2 20%
NOx, SO2 [5].
2000 7.8% CO2, 6%
NOx, 2.5% SO2 7.3% [2].
Investment Cost CO2 (g/kWh) in
non-CHP mode
per kWe (E)
Reciprocating

1500-2500

Engines

NOx (g/kWh)

Diesel: 650*

Diesel: 10*

Gas: 500-620*

Gas: 0.2-1*

Gas turbines

1000-1250

580-680*

0.3-0.5*

Micro Turbines

1500-2000

720*

0.1*

Fuel Cells

Depends
largely on the
fuel used,
power output
and efficiency

0.005-0.01*

5000-7000*

0*, Indirect

0*, Indirect

800-1000 on
shore, 2000 off

0*, Indirect

0*, Indirect

4500-20000 or
more*

Photovoltaic
Wind

shore

1.

45

5.

4 (CMLs = Customer Minutes
Lost) .
.
() ().
,
,

.
-1,

( ) .
. ,
-2. .
.
,
,
.
4.
,
,


[3].


. ,
,
, .

46



Voltage
level

DG
Security of supply

Central generation

DG

Medium
scale DG

DG

Small-scale DG

Security of supply

Distribution of CMLs

4.
[4,5,6]
(-, ,
, , )
(, , , ).
.

, .

, (),
.

,
, .
,
Microgrids: Large Scale
Integration of Microgeneration to Low Voltage Grids [5] More
Microgrids: Advanced Architectures and Control Concepts for More Microgrids [6],

47


.
6.

1
.
,
, kW
. 5
.

.
( )
.
,
.

Network Benefits
Value of Micro Generation
~ .02-.04 /kWh

Central Generation

~.03-.05 /kWh

Transmission
HV Distribution

~ .05-.07 /kWh

~.1-.15 /kWh

MV Distribution
LV Distribution

Micro
Generation

5.
.

48

Capital Cost to Supply 2020

Electric Load Growth
900

Ref: Conclusions Project DGDG-FER, 2004

Developing a Road Map for DG in Europe

800

Euro Billions for New Capacity

700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
6%
(100% Central Scenario)

22%

38%
% DG of Total Generation

Inv. In New Cent. Gen.

Inv. In new Dist. Gen.

54%

70%
(100% DG Scenario)

Inv. In T&D

6.

6,

2020
.
, ,
30%

.
/kW
/kWh
, , , ,
.
7.

, ,
.

49


.

. . ,
,
( ,
).

[1] European Technology Platform, SmartGrids - Vision and Strategy for Europes
Electricity Networks of the Future, EC DG Research, Brussels 2006
[2] A.Tsikalakis, N. Hatziargyriou, K. Papadogiannis, A.Gigantidou, J. Stefanakis,
E.Thalassinakis, Financial Contribution of Wind Power on the Island System of Crete, Proc
of RES for islands conference, Crete, May 2003, pp 21-31
[3] CIGRE TFC6.04.01, Connection Criteria at the Distribution Network for Distributed
Generation, October 2005
[4] The CERTS Microgrid Concept, White paper on Integration of Distributed Energy
Resources, R. Lasseter at al, April 2002
[5] MICROGRIDS Large Scale Integration of Micro-Generation to Low Voltage Grids,
EU Contract ENK5-CT-2002-00610, Technical Annex, 2002
http://microgrids.power.ece.ntua.gr
[6] MORE MICROGRIDS - Advanced Architectures and Control Concepts for More
Microgrids, EU Contract PL019864, Technical Annex, ay 2005.
http://microgrids.power.ece.ntua.gr

50

 :

( , , )

51



,
. ,
. &
,
, ,
, , ,
. ,
, Demand Side Management,
.
,
,
.
.
.
,
60% . ,
,
, , ,
. ,
. , ,
,
, CO2.
1994,
.

, . , ,

52

 : , , &
:
1.

.
/
, 1, 23
23 . ,
kWh ,

.

2.

2005 2006.
,
. : O

.

2005 180 MW .

3.

: K 6000 kWh 12 1
2006 31 2007
4% 12,
5% 12. 6000
kWh 12000 kWh 6%
12,

5%

12.
4.

2005, 1
kWh .
.

5.

, ,

. 100.000
,
.

6.

53


. , ,
.
7.

,
, .
,
.

. ,
.
,
, .
. ,
,
.
.
,
. , ,
. ,
, , , ,

. ,
,
.
, , ,

, ,
,
.
.
: ;
;

54

 . 3468/06 ;
;
,

.
.
. ,

. ,

,
. ,
, ,
.
,
.

,
. ;
; T
;
;

.
. ,
: ,
,
. ,
, ,
.

55


.
.

& ,
f.karagiannis@dei.com.gr
1.

.
,
,

, ,
.

, CO2

. ,

.
78% .
( . 1600/2002/
)
-
,

.


. ,
.
,
,
.

56

 ,
, , , (
),
, .
2.
29 1998 :
:

(COM/98/0246)

.
:

1998 2010
, 18% 1995. ,
.
.
,

. :

, :

kWh
, , , ...

57

. :

, JOULE-THERMIE, SAVE, PHARE, TACIS, SYNERGIE ...

( )

. ,
,
:

93/76/ CO2

()

,
,
. , ,
.
3.
2002/91/ 16
2002 ( L 1 4.1.2003)

( )
( ).

.
,

58

 . ,
, .

.
.
, .
92/42/ ,
(89/106/)
SAVE .
( 93/76/ 2006/32/)

.


. (, ,
...). ,
, , , , ...
,
.
:

, ,
.
5

, ,
15 .

,
.

59

 , ,
, ...

. .
,
. ,
, ,
.
,
.
4.
22 2005,
(COM(2005) 265).
(Action Plan
to improve Energy Efficiency in the European Community [COM (2000) 247])
,
,
.
,
.

.
,
20% 2020, 60 .
, :

, ,
, ...

CO2

,
10% .
.

60

 ,
.

.
.
60%
.
, ,
.
, 40%
.

. 20%
2020, 10% ,
, .
. 1230/2003/
, 26 2003,
: " - " (2003-2006)
( . L 176, 15.07.2003)
.
.
10%
, . ,
.
20% 2020.
,
.

..
.
. ,
( )
,
.

61

 .
,

.
,

. ,
. stand-by
.
,

2006 .
,
.

. ,
.


.
5. . .

(,
). ,

.

.. ,

. ,
50% (..
), ,
.

62

 .
:

.
,
, ,
.

.
. : , ,
, ,
, .
,
.

,
.
, ,
.

.
CO2.
, ,
, .


. , ,

.

,
, , ,
, , ,
, ,

63

 .
-
,
,
.


10% .
.
/
-
. ..,

. ,
, , , ..,
,
.

64

 :

,
. ., . /-/ .,
,

40%
.
4,6%.


. 10-
2 3% . :

.
300 MW
250 MW .

.

, .. .

2004 , .
, ///
.
,
.
. ,
.
2002/91/

2002/91/ 16 2002

.
,
.

65


, .
:

,
( 4, 5 6)

( 7).

( 8)

/ ( 9).

.
,
,
, .

.

,
,

/// .
,
,
/, ,
.
, .

. .
.
,

.


.

66

 ,
(
, ,
).

.

.
.

.

, ,

67

 1 :

()

120

:
/ :
:
/
:

,
.
.

68

.


.


.
prEN
wi1+3:2004.

. .
-

//,

'
'


(.. ,
) (..
).
:




.

, ,
, ,

69


, , .

kWh/m2 .

.
,
.
CEN prEN
wi1+3:2004.
.
, ,
prEN wi1+3:2004.


:

70

 1:

//

(
)

(,
)

/

(

,
,

,
, )

.
--

(ASHRAE, DIN, EN, )

:
-
-
-

-

-
- .
-
-

(,

(),
,
)
, ,
( ,
)
, ,
( )

//

CE, .. ,

(
, ON-OFF, .
, ,
)
(,
)
( ..):


( ,
)

(
)


( 60%
)



.

.

.

71

'

-
-
-
-

- K

.. 40%
U
U
U
U

U ,

(skylights)

(
)

(skylights)


.
//

25 kW
-
-

//

.
--

(ASHRAE, DIN, EN, )

:
-
-
-

-

-
- .
-
-

(.. 40 lumen Watt)

( U
)



-

72


20 ,
(, , , , , ,
) .
,
(, ,
, ) (, , ,
).
,
:

, ,

,

,

//

,
30%
, .
,
15%, .

,
25%.
, 30%
.
.
(BMS),
// 15
20% .

73

 , ,
,
. (..
)
.

,


.

.

.
50.000 (, ,
, , ).
, , , .

10 50 .
, ,

.
.

,
,
, .

.

.
.
.
.

.

74

 .
,

, .
,
.

.

.


.
,

. ,
, /
.

,
,
.


. 1993

.
,
.

.
,
,
,
.
:

75

.
.

,
2002/91/ .

,
,
,

().

()
.

.
.

( , ,
).

25% .

76


.

-.

& .

- .

& .

- .

& .

1990,

(Kwh/t)
.

, 1995
,
.
,
, ,

.

A.

1.

(
) / :
150/20kV . ( 16,5Mvar)
150/15kV & 150/20kV . ( 35,4
26,4Mvar )
150/20kV . ( 26Mvar)
20/6kV
( ), 6
( 25,6Mvar) 6kV

77

 1998
2000, 2.433.749 45%
. ,

0,6 0,85, . (
0,85
, /
).

5///1./9021 17.05.05),
,
0,95.

/ (
13,7Mvar / 150/20kV . , 7,1Mvar / 150/15kV
. , 21,75Mvar / 150/20kV . 1Mvar
/ 150/20kV . , 43,55 Mvar ). ,
671.105, 2006
.
3.104.854 .
2.

, ,
,

(,,)

3.

,
, , ,
,
.

4.

( )
( ) :

78


,
,
.
5.

,,

.
6.

:
1.

ECSC (EKAX), European Committee for Steel and

Coal, ( )
RHEINBRAUN ENGINEERING, DMT,
Nottingham, RHEINBRAUN ENGINEERING.
1999.
: 1.566.000 ( 277.500 ).
2. (Energy Wisdom)
EURELECTRIC,
(
,
).
7.
(AC Drives) IGBT (
)
,
, , ,
, (70)
(),
(690V 400V),
(AC Drives)
IGBT ( ),
6kV
.

79

 ,
/ (15 20 kV) /
(690V 400V) .
2005 2007.
30.000.000 .
-
,
,
IGBT,

6kV ,

,
:
(
) 50% 100%
(5,24m/sec), ,

( ) ,
.
(regeneration),

1,
GBT

,
, :
( )
( )

:
1.

: 3%

2.

: 0,5%

3.

(
):0,4%

4.

(Regenerative braking):0,5%

80

5.

:15%

Nochten

), v
0,68 . ,
, (
) F
25% .
: P=F.v ,
P=1,25F.0,68v= 0,85 P

15%.

15%+3%+0,5%+0,4%+0,5%=19,4%,
15% ().
6.

(cos) 0,75
( ), , 0,98
.
:
Q =Pi ( tan -tan ), Pi
, tan =0,203
tan=0,882.
, :
Pi = 77.770 kW
:
Q= 52.806kvar
5000
0,75,
198 MWh.

,
,

81

 (regeneration), (cabinets),
21.
,

(- ),
.
PLC
() , PROFIBUS.

IGBT(AFE Converter),
, (inverters),
.
IGBT, AC DC
,
(regenerative drive system).

, ,
LCL, (EMC),
61800-3, 2, C3

. (passive mode),
,
(active mode) IGBTs DC
. ,
.
.

.
(Inverters)
DC. DC
.

.

82

83

 IGBT (inverters),
,
o:
150% 60sec
5min.

(10) , , (1)
1,5 .
( 60sec
)., (3)
1,5 ,
, .

,
.

. ,
.
common mode
dv/dt. common mode dV/dt
,

.
- :

. ,


. H
.

. ()
() .
.
(loading ratio)

84

 (Wh / Ton /
km) .

, ,
/ (/) .
, / /
/ .
/.

,
.
PLC .
, PLC

PROFIBUS.
,
,
.
( Laser)
.

.
.
1. :

/) .
.
( :


).
.

.

85

 ,

( ).
,
.
2. ,
,
.
( :
,
).
3.
:
/

/ (, /, ).
4.

-
- (/)
-
-
-
5.

)
.
.

1. , :
-

86

( /,
) ..

(
)

.

,
, :
(Good House-keeping)

-
.
2.

,
.

3. (Energy Management System)

( ),
.

87


. - ,
. ,
,

() .. ,
2 () .
,
,
, .

.

.../

(-)

/
, .
,
2.2..063, ,
630.000, 45%,
().

, on-line
, ,


.
,
, 1.750 GWh.
,
,
,
, ,
.

88

1.


(-), ( ).

(
)

(),.
,
.

(),
,
(
).
,

.
2.
1997, , , ,

(,

).
( )
() (3+1 ), 850MW.
4 1.030.000 tn.
,
(--)
(
, ).
(, )
( ):
, 170.000tn, , 170.000tn
K, 320.000tn.
,
.

89

 , ,
.

100-150 m.

.
() , ,
,
.
/.
,
,
.
, .
(in-situ) ,

.


.


( , ,
).


.
, , on-line
,
,
.
3.

,
.

90

- ()

.

.

,
, ,
.
,
.


.
4.
, ,
, .
, ,
, :
-

.
6%
. 1996
( ) 458,4
GWh.

(, ).

,
, .
70% .

5.
5.1 .

91

 :
5.1.1

.

.

'

.

,


.
5.1.2 ( )
,
,


. ,


.

,

-

- .
5.1.3 AH



.

92


, ,
.
5.2

,
1 3. :
1,


.
,
,
,
.
,

.
3 ,
,


.

93

6.

.
(
)
(on-line
analysers). on-line

- (-ray backscatter)
.


.
-.
-,
, -,
, .

,
.

,
o
. ,

.
(/ )

,
(prompt gamma neutron
activation analysis - PGNAA).
.


.
. ()
, , -

94

 .
, .
( 60
).


,
.
.
,
(PLCs)
,
.
7.
, , ,

ANATECH GmbH,
( -
).

2.2 - ,
- (),
(, , ).

15.12.200131.12.2001. , ,
: :
, ,
1.748.455.524 KWh. ,
,
1.158.282.000 KWh,
50,95%.

95


.
.
. ,
dkarg@tee.gr, . 22940-94532, 6937-469870

()
. ,
: ,
, .

,
.
,
,
1015% 25%,
.

,
70%. , ,

.
,
.
:
1. ,
.
2. .
3. .
4. ()
.
5. , .
6. ( ).

96

 ,
:

, , ;

,
;

,
;

,

.
.
.1 .
, ,
:
. .
. , , : , ,
.
. , .

, , .
.2 .
1967
70% .
4.000 m2

24 .
1980 , ,
30% (
). ,
10.000 m2, , : ,

97

 , ,
. 12-16
.
, , . ,
.
.3 .
,
, , ,
- - .

, , .

. ..
1.000-5.000 m3/ ,
60C.

,
17C. ,
,
.

. , :
.3.1

.

, .

, .

.3.2 .
,
.
80m2
90m3/h.
:
,

.
, ,
.

98

 ,
. 4,5 5 MW .
,
, Know How, 28 MW.

- ,
:
: 5.000 W
: 1.200 tn /
: 340.000 euros
: 300.000 euros
.4
, , .
, ,
200C, 300C, 500C 800C.
, .. 100.000 m3/h 200C
,
15C.
.4.1 /
,
, , ,
( ) . .
, .
,
,
. () .

99

/ ,
/ Rotary Wheel / ,
220.000m3/h.

Rotary Wheel ,
:
i. ,

ii. ,
,
.

, /
Rotary Wheel. ,
/ , .
, 120 bar
. , ,
SCADA. 28
, ,
.

100

 ,
,
: 185C.
rotary wheel 65C
rotary wheel . ( )
46 C
, 40C.

.4.2 Economisers

. economisers
.
,
, .
:
160C, .
economiser, . ,

.
economisers

LPG.
economisers
.
economisers 6 -7%,
.

101

 economiser 550 KW.

economiser
,
.

. ,
economiser 229C
120C. ,
215C 105C.

.
,
, 5-20%.
, :
.1 ,
.
, , .
, 10 MW
200 KW
.

economiser
,
2
,
.


.

.2
, ,
0,85 1.
. :
40 ( 1986), ,
, , , .

102

.3
(SCADA)
SCADA,
, :
,
, , ..
SCADA: , / ,
.

.
, ,
. 45%,
,

.

,
.

,
.
CO2.

:
,

.
, ,
.

CO2 (tn/y )

10.000

5.000

0
MAZOYT

( 2000, )

,
: -42%.
:

.
7




SCADA

" ..": ,
.( 20 02 : 0,7 Kgr Kgr ).
1 ,4

1 ,2

0 ,8

0 ,6

0 ,4

0 ,2

0
2000

- 2 0 0 1

-2 0 0 1

-2 0 0 1

-2 0 0 1

-2 0 0 1

-2 0 0 1

-2 0 0 1

2 0 0 2

: ,
, , , , .,

103

 15% 35%. ,
5% 13%.
1 3 .
, .
.
2002
11641/1942/2002 ( 832/2-7-2002),
()
.
.
.
,
.

,
.
,
,
.
.

, .
.1 VOCs


,

.
VOCs
820oC.


,
.

,
,

.

104

.2 Recuperative Oxidation
, ,

.


.

250oC 400oC,

VOCs.

.3 Regenerative Oxidation


VOCs .

, 95%,

. ,
,
.

.4

, .
, . VOCs

.
.4.1
VOCs, ,
(3 canisters
RTO). VOCs 98%
95%.
.4.2 economiser / o
,
.
economiser 80C

.

105

.4.3
21.000 Nm3/h
200C. ,
18C 200C.
economiser
(
),
(HRU) / .
HRU
,
SCADA.

.5 .
,
.
,
. .
,
,
.
,
RTO
(Regenerative Thermal Oxidisers),
.
, :
,
,
.
RTOs,
.

.

106

.
,
, - -
:
1.
. .
2.
, , .
- .
3.
() .
, ,
, -
- :
.
, ,
.

107

108

N

. .
/

.
,

.
,
, .
- , ,
, - - ,
, , , - .

/
,
.
, .

.
.


.
( )
.

.

109



.
, , harry@meteo.noa.gr
, info@efe.gr

,
, ,

,
.

.
,
, ,
.

,

.
54/ 55/2003 32/2006
88:2004 CIE
3175/2003 3428/2005
1792/2004
54/2003 , ,
, .
55/2003 , ,
, .
32/2006
.
88:2004 CIE 88:1990
2004.
.

110

 3175/2003 ,
.
3428/2005 ,
.
1792/2004
13201,

, .
13201
,
.
,
/ ,

.. :


,
.

:






.
:



.
:

111



.
:
()
(S) , . <
40km/h
(C) < 50km/h
(P).
:
(> 60km/h)
(>30km/h 60km/h)
(>5km/h 30km/h)
( ).
:
A:
B:
C:
D:
E: .

:
.
.
.
.
.

.
, ,
.
.

112

ME1

ME2

ME3

ME4

ME5

ME6

MEW1 MEW2 MEW3 MEW4 MEW5

CEO

CE1

CE2

CE3

CE4

CE5

S1

S2

S3

S4

S5

S6

S1

S2
A1

S3
A2

S4
A3

S5
A4

S6
A5

CE0
ES1

CE1
ES2
EV3

CE2
ES3
EV4

CE3
S1
ES4
EV5

CE4
S2
ES5

CE5
S3
ES6

S4
ES7

S5
ES8

S6
ES9

.
: 2.5o ( 0o 180o).
: 5o (

).
. 1- ..
, 2- , 3- , 4-
.

113

q= L/E
L= q.E= q.I/H2.cos3= r.I /H2

r=

q.cos3

.
ST-

Q-:

.., PN ,
- , - , - . 1 , 2- , 3-..
:
Ls = L1 + L2 + . . . +Ln = Lk

Lk = (I r F MF 10-4) / H2
:
E = I cos3 F MF / H2
- .

TI = 650 MF0.8 Lv / Lave

Lv = E1/12 + E2/22 + ... + En/n2

MF- , Lv- , Ek-
k
, , k-
k
. k < 20o .

( )
, (
) .
: 5m
( ).
:

(, , .)
.

114



.
,
9, 157 80, . 2107723628, topalis@ieee.org
1.

( )
:

(ballast)

5 8

(BMS)

( BMS)
, , , ..

.
, ,

( ,
, , , ..)

,
. , ,
.
, ,
.
,
, .
.

115

2. ballast
2.1
ballast
ballast ( )
25%.

ballast ( ,
) ballast.
:

ballast
25%

ballast ballast
.

, , ,
ballast .

ballast.
ballast ,
.
:

(dimming)
(dimmers).
ballast. , ,
ballast,
.
,
dimming 10% 20%
.

(BMS).
ballast , ,

116

BMS. BMS 10% 35%

(
dimming ).
, ,

ballast. :

( 4) 1
ballast . ,
ballast 2
.
418W 86,8W (418W+27,4W)
ballast (1 ballast 2 )
74 W (416W+10W) 1 2
.

ballast
( ..) ballast
.

( 50%). ,
.

.

ballast .

ballast. , ,
,
6%

ballast (>24 kHz)

(50 Hz).
,
ballast .
2.2
ballast

ballast.

117


ballast.
ballast .
80%-95% (ballast factor B.F.=0,80,95).
ballast.
, ballast
12% (B.F.=1,12) 18%
.
ballast (B.F.=1,12) (112-95)/95=18%
( , )
ballast (B.F.=0,95).
ballast

.
(
)
( ). ,
ballast. ,

.
2.3
,
ballast .. 36
W 32 W ballast
(36 W). , ballast
.. 236 W 1
ballast 8 W 2
ballast 28,1 W,
232+8=72 W 2(36,0+8,1)=88,2 W.

.
, 15%
( 1 )
( ).

118

 ballast
.
8 ( ) ,

ballast
. ballast
(starter) ,
.

( )

ballast.
( 5 ).

.
5
( ballast)
ballast, 5
ballast .
5
.
3. 5
5 .
ballast,
2. 5
8 12,
.
.
5 ballast ( )
92 lm/W (
). 8 ballast
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5 21%
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5 . ,
5

119

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.
, 8
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.
.
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120

 (dimming)

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.
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121


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122


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123

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.
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.
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124


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125

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126

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127

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128


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129

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130


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132


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133

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134

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1. ( 2.1.3),
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3. 31 2001, ,
2002.
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, , , , 4-5
2003.
5. . ,
, , 2002.
6. .. , . , . ,
, , & OPEN
University, 2002.
7. .. , . , . , . ,
,
- : 2005, 2005.

138

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, ,
, .
msantam@phys.uoa.gr

24.5 %
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54 %,
35 %. ,

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,
72 % , (3.43 toe).

33 %, 2.6 %.
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1.32 toe/, 2002.
30 %,

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.
,

, ,
1100
2004-2005.
. (2).
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.

139

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,
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,
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.
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)
.

140

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.

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,
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130 kWh/m2/y.
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, (3).
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, 2.
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, 67 %
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. ,
100 ,
0.6 , 12.5 .

141


195 , 1.2
, 87 .
18

Energy Consumption for Heating, (lt oil/m2/year

17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10

M ean V alue

M edian V alue

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0

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2

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3

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6

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7

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.
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10 % 11.3 %
2 % 20 %, ( 2004). 40 %

, 20 %
.

142

 2 (a) :
. (b)
. (c),
. (d),
.

) 2006
,
2.4 4.5 %.
5.5 7.4 %. ,
6.2 11.6 %,
12.1 17.6 %.
)
1.6 % 8.4 %. ,
16 36 %.
0.35 1.5 %,
12 % 4 %.
)
11.3 % 21.1 %.
40 60 %. 2
3.7 %, 20 32 %.

143

 3. (a) : : 2004, (o) :

, ,
2004. (b) :
2006, (o) : 2006, ,
2006. (c) ,
2004, ,
, 2006, (d) ,
2004, ,
2006, e) : ,
2004, ,
2006, (f) :
2004, ,
2006.

144

14
13,8
13,6
13,4
13,2
13
12,8
12,6
12,4
12,2

Non Insulated1Single Glazing

2
Insulated Single
Glazing

3
Insulated Double
Glazing

4. .

.

. URE,
, ,
50 %. ,
,
. ,

, ,
, ,
.
.
,
20 kWh
,
.
.

.
1990, .

145

 ,
, ,
.

,
. ,

.

1. Minas Iatridis, Grigoris Zoidis : Energy Efficiency in Greece, 1990-2002, Monitoring

of energy efficiency in Europe A report based on ODYSSEE MURE data bases and
Supported by the SAVE programme, Center Renewable Energy Sources, October 2004
2. M. Santamouris, K. Kapsis, D. Korres, I. Livada, C. Pavlou and M.N.
Assimakopoulos: On the Relation Between the Energy and Social Characteristics of the
Residential Sector. Energy and Buildings, In Press, 2006.
3. E.V.A., the Austrian Energy Agency : Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emissions in
Austria, March 2002

146



. , .
, MSc
, MSc
, MSc
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,
1.

.

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, ,
.


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.

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.



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147

 , , ,
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.

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.


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148

 12 cm ,
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cm.

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24 )
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:

).
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.
,
- .

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149

 3.2. (
:

).
/

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35%

0%

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,
,
.

,
.
, ,
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.
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.

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150

 .
,
.

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,
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:

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0:

ps = 610.96 exp(0.07263 2.9507 E 4 2 + 9.2011E 7 3 )

<0:

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(humidification possibility flag).
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151

 Glaser++ .
hup (
humidification possibility): hup=1 0
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: ) (, , , (fibre cement)),
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152


: ) , ) , ) , )
.

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40%, 60% 80%
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1.2
8 ( )
40%.
33 .

Drying Period for ceilings with internal RH 40%

450
400
350

Months

300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Aluminium

Cooper

Clay

Fibre Cement

Standard Roof

4.3. 40%
.
(40%, 60%,
80%)

.

153

Months

700
600

Drying period for prefabricated ceilings with

different relative humidity

500
400
300
200
100
0
aluminium

cooper
RH 40%

clay
RH 60%

cement

RH 80%

4.4.
.

80%.
(capillary)
( ).
, 2.3
,
5.4 .

Cement

Clay

~5.4 years
~2.3 years

()

()

4.5.
() () (RH 80%).

(RH - 40%, 60%, 80%) , ,
,
. ,

154

 ,
80% RH.

1200

Drying period for aluminium based ceiling with

different insulation thickness and internal RH

Months

1000
800
600
400
200
0
XPS40
RH 40%

RH 60%

XPS50

XPS60

XPS80

RH 80%

4.6.
.
5.
H

.
,
.

.



() ,

.


.
()
,

155

 ,

().

( ) (
)
.

.
,

.

,
.

1) ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook, American Society for Heating, Refrigerating

and Air Conditioning engineers, Atlanta, Georgia, 2001.
2) AIRinSTRUCT project, Integration of advanced ventilated building components and
structures for reduction of energy consumption in buildings, Final Technical Report,
JOE3-CT97-7003, EC-DG XII, 2000.
3) TRISCO & KOBRU68 - Computer program to calculate 3D & 2D steady state heat
transfer in rectangular objects, Version 11.0w, PHYSIBEL, 2005.
4) GLASTA Computer program to calculate vapour diffusion condensation drying
using an extended method of Glaser, Version 5.0w, PHYSIBEL, 2002.

156

POSTER SESSION

157

. +357 22303886
E-mail: cpapastavros@environment.moa.gov.cy

,
,
,
.
:
,
.
.
.
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158

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159

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160

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,

161

 .. :
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.

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.. 100m3/h.
25 mbar
.
..
.. (4)
(3), .
07/3
.. .. (12) 0C
, 200C
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, .

162

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,
( ) (12) 0C.
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(1.01.5) 0C,
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.
.. , ,
,
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, ( 2
3 0C) 40m3/h,
, (
)
.
.
120C

. 30 mbar,
60m3/h (0.20 m3/MWh),
50m3/h (0.17 m3/MWh). , (
, ) 0.25 m3/MWh.
,
, 0.38 m3/MWh .
(0.38-0.20=)0.18 m3/MWh ..
.

163


. ,

.
( ) 40
3

m /h ,
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,
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350C, ) 5 MWh ,
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(280C)
()
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.

,

164

165

166




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167

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168

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169

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)

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Portland 1.5
CO2. , .

170


.
( 600 )

60

30%
10%.
20%.

.
.
.
,
(Al, Fe, ).
, , ,
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, .
, CO2,

.
, - .
, ,
.

, .

,
, .
( ),
:
1. - ,
- . CaO .. SiO2,
, . ( , 1985)

171

2. - ..,
,
, .
-

..,

,
, .
( . ,
1989)
3. - ..
, .
( , 1992)
4. -
CaO , .
( , 1994)
5. -Trace Element characterization of Coal Fly Ash Particles
Katselis, v., Paradellis, T., Itskos, S., Karydas, E., Bogdanovic, I., Fasinic, S.,
Jaksik, M., Tadic, T., Valconic, O., Valconic, V.
(Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, 1995)
6. -Effects of Fouling on the Efficiency of Heat Exchangers in Lignite
Bergeles, G., Yiannpekis, M., Burry, D., Itskos, S., Balabani, S., Katranas, G.
( .., 1995)
7. -Slagging / Errosion Phenomena Investigation in Lignite utility Boilers
Itskos, S. ( Compastion Institute, 1997)
8. - , .
( ;) , . (-,
2000).

172

173

174

. . & . .

, ,
.

.

,
.

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n2

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CO2

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e
1 n1

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n1
n2

3,6 VR x 1 1

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n1 n2

n1, n2: - VR: (m3/kg) - Hu: (MJ/kg) x:

(mg/m3)


.


()

( )

175

 ), (
)
().
, ( %)
( kcal/kg)
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BA =

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( )

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(Q ) ()

: Q tn,
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.
,
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:
- ( ),

.
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.

,
.
,

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.
()

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-
-
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.

176



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,
, :
=
:
: 83.0 - 88.0 %
: 45.0 - 47.0 %
: 99.0 - 99.8 %

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:
-

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:

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179

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181

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183

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184


.. .
,
1993, ,
,

, :
-

,
.

,
,
.

:
1. Identyfikacja I diagnostyka Poltegor - Instytut -1996
2. - /- - 3/1994
3. Quality Idlers at the Henderson Mine Bulk Solids Handling. - Graning R. High - July /
September 2000
4. Metody oceny oplacalnosci kraznikow - L. Jurdziak - Transport Przemyslowy - 4/2002
5. ... .... 2005
6.L.Gladysiewicz-Przenosniki tasmowe.Teoria I obliczenia-2003

185

. . , . . ,
.. .. 40617 Msc

1.

.

.


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186


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187

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.

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188

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2.
3. .
4. .
5. .
7.
.
11.

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-
.

ISO 3945
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ISO
4406 28 . 5m.

- -
.

ISO 2.

189

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. 3
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.

190

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- .
5C

.
- 50% .

191

15C

. 4.

.
.
.
BELT C.A.T.(Cable Anomaly
Tomography).
.
,
.

1 .Riley J.R.- Jnfra red Condition

monitoring

application. Processing of an

Jnternacional Conf. on
Contition Monitoring Colleg of Swansea 1994
2 .Zur ,Hardygora Przenosniki transportowe Slask 1996
3. ISO 4406,3945
4. W.Bartelmus Diagnostyka Maszyn Gorniczych .Gornictwo Odkrywkowe 1999
5. Joannides ,Harris New Fatigue Life Model for Rolling Bearings 1985
6. SKF 1994

192



,
.
.

..
.

..

: 6947025258

: 24610-96233

Email:

: 24610-56630

: 24610-56680

enanos1974@yahoo.gr

Email:
atompoulidis@uowm.gr

Email:
atourlidakis@uowm.gr

Email:
opera11@ppckardia.gr

.

..

.

,


.

..

, .

, .
: 1)
,
,
2)

, 3)

193

 .
,

. H


.


.
1.


.
,
.
(Artificial Neural Network, )

.

(Lucifredi et al. 2000)

(Model Based Predictive Control, MBPC) .
(Arya et al. 2004).
-

.
, .
- ,
,

, , .
,
.
, .

194

 ,

.
2.

4 :
,
,
.
,

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2, , .
,
, ,
2 , .
562 ( 2005 2005)
450 112
.
%,
.
10,1% 9%
72,9% 78,6% ,
.
,
.
3.

,


. ,
, .
,

195


(Wall et al. 1998).
,
, 1
2 3 .
73C F.T. .

30 40C

50-80C (Seggiani 1999).

33, 27, 36, 46C IDT, ST, HT FT .
Black Thunder Coal

Greek Lignite

1300

1300

A.S.T.M. Value
(extracted from
experiments)

1280
1260

1260

1240

1240

ANN value

1220

1180
Kovithskil,
Karagodiva &
Martinova

1160
1140
1120

Schafer

1100

1200
1180
1140
1120
1080
1060

Majumdar, Banerjee
and Lahiol

1000

Schafer

1100

1060
1020

Kovithskil,
Karagodiva &
Martinova

1160

1080
1040

ANN value

1220

1200

Temperatures [ C]

Temperatures [ C]

A.S.T.M. Value
(extracted from
experiments)

1280

1040

Majumdar, Banerjee
and Lahiol

1020
1000

IDT

ST

HT

FT

IDT

ST

HT

FT

SiO2
[%]

Al2O3
[%]

TiO2
[%]

Fe2O3
[%]

CaO
[%]

MgO
[%]

K2O
[%]

P2O5
[%]

Na2O
[%]

SO3
[%]

Mn3O4
[%]

Black
Thunder
Coal

30.7

16.5

1.29

5.10

21.3

4.80

0.35

0.92

1.43

17.7

0.00

Greek
Lignit
e

1. (Black Thunder Coal

)

38.7

15.7

0.30

3.70

30.0

2.12

1.34

0.00

0.91

6.53

0.00

2. Black Thunder Coal

IDT

ST

HT

FT

Black Thunder Coal ( )

1161

1178

1189

1210

Black Thunder Coal ( )

1147

1161

1206

1226

Greek Lignite ( )

1165

1185

1198

1223

Greek Lignite (ANN )

1185

1234

1256

1296

3. ANN Black Thunder Coal

196

4.
(LHV
HHV),
,
(86
). , .
.
.
(Papageorgiou 1981).

LHV
[kcal/kg]

ANN LHV
[kcal/kg]

Papageorgi
ou LHV
[kcal/kg]

HHV
[kcal/kg]

ANN HHV
[kcal/kg]

Papageorgi
ou HHV
[kcal/kg]

4.

No1
(
)

1519

1481

1401

1894

1857

1692

No2
(
)

1151

1258

1590

1519

1630

1925

No1
(
)

1177

1179

N/A

1561

1559

N/A

No2
(
)

1547

1515

N/A

1917

1888

N/A

4.

5.
,

.


10%.

.
, .

197


[1]

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Linear Models, dynamic Kriging models and neural network models to predictive
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[2]

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[4]

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heat transfer surface due to impurities in steam raising fuels, Fuel, 1996

[7]

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[8]

Papageorgiou N. Steam Generators, Volume 1, 1981, pp. 199

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., . ., ., ., . 1
,
,
,
9, 157 73, - , .
1.


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- :


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.
- :

. II


.

: . , h_doukas@epu.ntua.gr, 210-7722084.

199

2. -

, 1.
Building Energy Management
Systems (BEMS).
,
,
( ,
, ).
BEMS.

1:
, :
: / , ,
.
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..

200

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201


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202


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203



, .
,
9, 157 80, . 2107723628, fvt@central.ntua.gr
1.
Stategies for development and diffusion of Energy Efficient Distribution
Transformers (SEEDT) Intelligent
Energy Europe (SAVE).
.. 30 .
1 2006 30 2008.
:
- ()
Thelcon ()
Wuppertal Institut fr Umwelt, Klima, Energie GmbH im Wissenschaftszentrum
Nordrhein-Westfalen ()
Agence De lenvironnement et de la Maitrise de l'Energie ADEME ()
Alternatives pour lnergie, les nergies renouvelables et l'environnement AERE
()
Endesa Distribucin Eleectrica ()
Federazione delle Associazioni Scientifiche e Tecniche (FAST) ()
AREVA T&D Spka z ograniczon odpowiedzialnoci ()
dzki Zakad Energetyczny S.A. LZE ()
Polish Copper Promotion Centre PCPC ()
2.

() 22 TWh
( 9 Mt CO2) 5 TWh
. 3
( )
5,1 . SEEDT
.
SEEDT
(labelling),

204


, ,
. (decision
support tools)
.
SEEDT 2005 Green Paper
. 13
.
3.
SEEDT :
.

, , ballast
.

DkEo ko prEN 50464-1
HD428
A CC.
&

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SEEDT

205


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206

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207

 SEEDT : http://seedt.ntua.gr/.
.
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6.
SEEDT ,
.
, ,
,
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.
SEEDT
.

208



E.
.
...
etrianti@chemeng.ntua.gr

.
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itzouvad@central.ntua.gr

1.


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209


,
,

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2.
(I.E.A.) Retrofitting in
Educational Buildings-Energy Concept Adviser for Technical Retrofit Measures
25 - (case studies)

...


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,
.



.
,
internet, energy concept adviser
.
3.


:
3.1.

,
. ( , ,
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210

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(,
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3.3.

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(, , .)

3.4.

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/,

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3.5.

(, ,
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:
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-

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air handling units (ahu)

.
-

211

.
-

(task lighting)

.
-

4.
,
,
(, ,
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,
,
.

:
4.1.

4.1.1. . (. 1)
- :

4.1.2. (. 2)
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212

. 1. .

. 2.

4.2.
4.2.1. Ballerup, (. 3)
-

: / ,

4.2.2. Enghojkolen
-

: ,

4.2.3. Kampen (. 4)
-

: ,
,

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. 4. Kampen

4.3. (
)
4.3.1. Thames Valley (. 5)
-

: , ,

4.3.2. ... (. 6)
-

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213

. 5. Thames

Valley

. 6. ...

,
, ,
.
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( ...,
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5.
,


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,
.
,



.

214

6.
1.

I.E.A. ECBCS Annex 36: Retrofitting of Educational Buildings-REDUCE Case

Study Reports, Editor Ove Morck, September 2003.

2.

Heike Klutting, Hans Erhorn, Ove Morck. I.E.A. ECBCS Annex 36: Retrofitting of
Educational Buildings-REDUCE Case Study Reports of 10 different Countries.

3.

Y. Mansouri, F. Allard. M. Musy Building Envelope design for Natural

Ventilation in PLEA 2002 proceedings, p. 921, vol. 2.

4.

R. Bensalem, S. Mahamed, K. RiHassar Climate responsive urban forms:

Courtyard versus atrium buildings in PLEA 2002 proceedings, p.535, v. 2.

5.

Guidelines for the improvement of Energy Efficiency in the European University

Campus, E.C. Save II project, 2001.

215

E.

...

...

,

.

,
.

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,
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, , .

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216


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217

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218


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. .
1. Givoni, B et al,2002, Outdoor comfort research issues, in Energy and
Buildings, vol. 1462 pp. 1-10
2. Hoppe, P., 2002 Different aspects of assessing indoor and outdoor thermal
comfort, in Energy and Buildings, vol. 34 pp. 661-665

219



& ,
&

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.Sc. & &
63, 176 72,
.-: 210 9525846/ . 6973 690448
email: evf@tee.gr
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226


- 2002-2006.
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. (2810) 379862, 319781. Fax (2810) 319782. e-mail: mkten@tm.teiher.gr

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227

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... (Net
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PeriodDPP).

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3.

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228

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231

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17

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, . , M.Arch. .
, 1995.

1997 Bloch
2007.
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(EcoWeek) , , 2007
, .
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100 .

, .
10 Biennale .
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20
Aarhus Convention 25 1998 25
2005 2003/35/EC.

233


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, , ,

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235

.
2006
RECORA ,
,
.
.
,
Vodafone,
.
2005
,
1 , . , 23.
2005 2006
: , . , Medi-Terra
, Shielco, , Envitec, Intereg IIIc
, ,
www.ecoweek.gr www.aeginagreece.com.

,
2007 2007
, , .
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: , ,
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, ,
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.
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, ,

23

,
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236


.
2007
,
,
,
,
, ,
.
.

237



ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND INTELLIGENT REPORTING - (E.M.I.R.)

. .

& /

& /

/Fax : 2107722538

/Fax : 2107722538

vnikolop@medialab.ntua.gr

loumos@cs.ntua.gr

(E.M.I.R.)

portal

http://fermat.medialab.ntua.gr/emir) ,

, .

.
,
, .
, ,

,
(advanced knowledge engineering,
clustering), (data mining)
(web-based OLAP).

(advanced

web

services)

on-line web-based .
(O.B.I.).



,
,
.
EMIR,

238


, . ,

, ,
.

. 1

&
. .
[4])
.
-
, .
on-line (
)
.
(Objective Function)

on-line , .

,
.
EMIR,
.
web-based DSS
,
.. ,
-

():

239

 (Q
n

j =1

Qi

W
i =1

k
n

L LE ) SMP + Qia Lai SMP = 0

i =1

er

W (n)
(k)

er ( x) X i ( ).

er ( x) X i . EMIR,
back-end processes ,
,
- . ,
(clustering) (centroid)
, .
,
. , ,
,
EMIR. [1],
[2], .

.
(fuzzy weights)
(. ).
[1], [2], [7] clustering,
. , Matlab,
(normed distances)
(attributes).
(.
, -
). ,
( vertices simplicial complex, [7])

( ) [1], [2]. [7]. ,
(
Matlab J2EE ) -

240

 locus ""
(. , SMP,
, ).

. 2 SMP (clustering)

,
on-line
Internet ,
. H
, e-energy. ,
(transparent business logic)
,
,
menus Internet browser
reports .
REFERENCES
[1]E.M.I.R.

Project

(Energy

Management

&

Intelligent

Reporting):

: http://fermat.medialab.ntua.gr/emir & http://www.medialab.ntua.gr/vnikolop

[2] Analyse et Simulation des mthodes de routage dans la topologie dhypercube, Vassilis
Nikolopoulos, mmoire, Ecole Polytechnique, promotion X99, 2002
[3] Responsable dquilibre - Rgles et contractualisation, RTE, France
[4] , ., .4 . 2000
[5] Current State of Balance Management in Europe, ESTO report, Dec. 2003
[6] Code of Commerce, MAVIR website http://www.mavir.hu
[7] A web-based Energy Decision Support System for dynamic knowledge energy
management and automatic intelligent reporting (EMIR) paper under preparation for
ELSEVIER Decision Support Systems Journal, V.Nikolopoulos, V.Loumos

241


,
Marketing ,

Hotel King George - Athens Plaza

Hotel Royal Olympic

TOI-MOI

R.C. TECH

EKTASIS

&

Case Studies

E:

, ,

242

(
)

site GreenPeace

Site GrenPeace .

( ,
, )

243

 Aluminium Magazine

Aluminium Magazine

244


-
http://www.pezh.gr

.. 3188 10210

E-mail: pezh@pezh.gr

1.
30%
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40%24.
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,
70%,
26.

24 EUROSTAT, Energy - Yearly statistics 2004

25
. .. 1-2-2006 .18453,
26
... Peperna, O. (1982) Die Einzugsbereiche von Haltestellen oeffentlicher
Nahverkehrsmittel im Strassen-und Busverkehr. In Institut fuer Verkehrsplanung und
Verkehrstechnik TU Vienna, Vienna

245


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252

, ,
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253


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