PlP P w 2006

PlP Pg

P w
2006

P v vlUjP ES
AUg
Ag, 2006

m: http://raitamitra.kar.nic.in

PlP P w 2006

Have you not heard his silent steps?

He comes, comes, ever comes.
Every moment and every age, every day and every night
He comes, comes, ever comes.
Many a song have I sung in many a mood of mind,
But all their notes have always proclaimed,
He comes, comes, ever comes
In the fragrant days of sunny April through the
Forest path he comes, comes, ever comes.
In the rainy gloom of July nights on the thundering
Chariot of clouds he comes, comes, ever comes.
In sorrow after sorrow it is his steps that press upon
My heart, and it is the golden touch of his feet that makes my joy to shine.
Rabindranath Tagore,
Gitanjali, Poem 45

PlP P w 2006

PlP P
qP sAi Iv sUz 11.5 v 18.6 Gvg CPA gS
v 74.0 v 78.4 gSAU PlP gd vVz. gd
191,791 Zzg Q.. zUArz zz JAlAi zq gdVz.
(zz 3,065,027 Zzg Q..U . 6.25g)
2001g dUtwAiAv gdz Ml dASAi 5.27 Pn Uz zz
102.70 Pn dASAi . 5.13gz. gdz dAS CAi UwAi
1991g . 21.12gzz 2001g . 17.25P Ez. gdz dASAi .
66g d Ut zz wz Cg R GzU P v
AAv ZlnPUV.
Ml dASAi . 44.6g PAigv dASAiiVz Czg
69.36Pd gvg U 62.09 Pd P PPjzg. F P PPg
MAz Azg Aig AS (.58.19) gjVAv (.41.81)
ZVgz.
gdz Pgv . 67.04gz, Ut Pgv . 59.68 v Ug
Pgv . 81.05gz.
gd 27 fU , 176 vPU, 745 U , 29483
UU(27575 dw Ag U 1908 ZgP UU) U
5692 U AZwU Az.
2000-01g P dUtwAiAv gd v Ml 190.50 P Pg
sUP zz ig 123.07 P . P AiU s
(.64.60)Az. Ml 70.79P PAiPj WlPUz gj PAiPj
WlPz Uv 1.74 . Uz. Ml s qAi t v Cw t gvg
. 72.9gz P .34.4g P AiU sAi Ai iqwzg.
Pz 5 U s WlAzV qU AS 8.58Pz ZVz.
qAi gj Uv 1.95 . UAz 1.74 . UU Ez.

PlP P w 2006

2001-02g P CAQ CAU Pg 123.07 P . Ml P AiU sAi

116.70 P . sAi Ai qwz PAiU s 100.31 P
. Uz Azv . 116gv. Ml Aiz sAi gj z
30.89 P PgUz.(.26.5)
t gZ, Dzv, Jvg, gZ, g, U Evg P-i
CAU Dzsgz gd 10 P i AiUV AUrVz.
gdz RV Iv igvU P (dAz Ag-806 ..)
U F igvU P (CPgAz rAg-195 ..) 1139
.. i AiiUvz. U Avgz (djAz iZgU)
ig 14 .. U Uz CAi (KAz
gU) 124 ..gvz.
UV gd g P IviU
Az-AUg (KAz Ag), AUg (CPgAz rAg)
v U (djAz iZ).
P U PV 107 P . zz Uwz. Ezg AUg
Iviz ig 69 P . (.64), AUg Iviz ig 32
P . (.30) v Gz 6 P . (.6) z UAi P
iqUwz. P U Ml U zz ig 22 P . (.20.5)
gj zVz.
ig 100 P l Dg zsU Gvz Ag PlP gd
gAi Dg zs GvzU . 5g PqU qwz. Dzg Pz 3
U gUAzV (2001-2002jAz 2003-04) DgzsU Gvz
UtAiV PApvVz.

PlP P w 2006

av-1 PlP P AiU

PlP P w 2006

P CU
AZvU
1. t DgU gQz v GvUz.
2. g v P gjAi U U j
AU AgPu.
3. gvjU PP sU U Evg jPgU sv.
4. Pvg AguAi Gvz QAiAiAU
AiUz v
5. vAvez UuAi " AiUAiAz P Pv"Qg
CAvg Pr iqz.

PlP P w 2006

PlP P w
1. pP
1.1 Zv v zU gvr J Pi jwU
PlP Az. EU gdz
sAi Cg- jwAiz w P iz U
A U Jzjwz.
EAv jwU ev
evAiAi CP iz mP PAi Egz PvPgVz.
Ez Pz Jgq zPUAz GAmVg Vz gdz C
grPArz. Cz Aiz, PlPz PAi g zsU
WlU
Aq PgtUArz. gjAir CvAv Pr z
Ag gdU PlP MAz. PPjU Pr
iz U Aiz l g zjAi E.
CAv jwU, w i
U A wU qAi
gdz
P
gAU
zsgt
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iqwz. gdz gvjU
Ezg
CAzU

P.
gd AAiV P Pvz
AZtU g x Az.
gdz DyPvAi PAiPvAi
P gV Mmg tU v
vguA
i sUwzg
Ewa
U
Aq
rPAi AZtAigz
w DvAPz AiVz. F Pv

w
vz
zjPAi
Ez.
Ezg
jPAiiVg
gd
Pg
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PAiw zP q
zsjz.

PAi g gSU

P Ut AAidAi zs P
i jw Agz.
gez Avg Jgq Cw a
Cs rv z.
zz Cw Pr gj Ag
zU AzVgz.
a Pr Ai U Azsv.
Zwg gvg
Jzjwgz.

Dvv

a itz t
gvg Agz.

PgtU

Cw

1.2 P PAiw gAsU PlP gd sgvz Evg gdUU

z z AZtAiz.
sgwAi Azsz PAi
MAz R AiAz z 1995g vz DzAv P

PlP P w 2006

wAi ejU vAz lz gdVz. CzP Jgq U

z, P Pvz VvvAi Uz gd Pg . n.Dg.
wZAzgg CzsPvAi MAz Gvlz wAiAz gav
U D wAi sgU Rz. q.n.N.
MAzz juU UAi zRwAiAz vAiij gd
Az . Ez U gd q.Dg. zgQxgg
CzsPvA
i P Pv Jzjwg g U jgPV P
DAiUAz gav. P U
U gd PgP q
q.Ai gg Czs PvAi gvg Dvv Ai, gvg U
CzsAiPV q. f.P. g gg CzsPvAi vdg wAiAz
ga jgz zAz g U qv. FU F
w zRwAiAU gd gv PAvz QAi P wAi gZU
AzUwz.
1.3 1995g DV R AwUVz JZ.r.zUqg U DV P
agVz AUv .gUqg Azvz P wAi
CAVPj MAz zP Pz U zz U
g
FU
P
Ai
DVz.
P
DzAi
PgtUwgz U dASAzV gj sqAi
Uv PAiwgz U Cw t qUAzV P
sPggz Pg Uz. EzjAzV gvg qv
Zwz v Cg PAivg PU Aiwzg. Cz P
zPU
Az PU Uwz iv FU EgzjAz Qtwg
P gAUz s gz Pgz djAiiVz.
2. wAi
2.1 PlP gjAi Cx zs Aav C DPz.
MAz Q Ez C QAiUU U Gvz v A
wU MvqP tAiz vjg gj wQAiAz z.
vAz Q, WPAz gj Avz Ez g
DUz CAiP jwAi DUz. B C AivU
ZPZPvAz wg zjAz gd wg PVAiz Cz
AiP Evg gdUU z gz Cz z Gz.
gd Evg gdUU z
v jAiiz
qAiQgz CvPVz. JQAv VV PAiwAi
zu Ptz gdz gvg EZAi DVz. DzjAz UvPz
CsU Az A U Jzj, gvg
CPvUU MzV PAiw AivU qPVz.
CAwV gd Az PAqAi uUjPAi gvg

PlP P w 2006

sjP v
RVz.
2.2

gvg

Pt

Pg

Pz

Er zz Zwg PPv
AzV gdz gvg At
TvUUVzg.
g
UAz gvg DzAi vlVz
gdz P R AiU
Dzg
UP
ZAP
UV
zUwz. CAzg gvg Ps
PlP gd Evg gdUVAv Zwz JAzx. EA P wAi
a PAiPv Az.
Dzv
gvg
DzAi
a
CPU PPqzVz. Ez
UPg ZAP Zwzg
g
zsUAz
z.
gvg DzAi Pz zPz

gj Gv az z
VvVgz.
CPvAiiVz. Ezg evU igPm
P
Pvz
DzAi v U KjvU gv PlAz
PrAiiVgz.

DzAiz

ju
gzjAz gvg DzAi
gvg Pt Cw RVgz.
az R DzvAiV F
zRwAi Az. Ez ,
Czvg Pz PArg ifP PAiw zRwAi Aid,
AgVz.
Gvz, vAve, igPm v
U R CAUV Az.

2.3

zQ PU Dzv qz, Evg PvUU Dzv qwgzjAzV

gvg ifPV wg PUz J s gvjVz Jz
CwAiiz gz Ai. UV PAi s v gvg
DvUg gv zAiP
gPVgz R
PAiVz. P gAU Gv DAi q J PvU Czg
RvAi vUz g zjAi E. F PAiw
zRwAi Aqwg R PAi EzVz.

2.4

PlPz P Pv . 2jAz 3g P tU UwAi Pz

P zPUAz vgwz. Dzg DUU gU v Evg UAz
PApvVz. Ut zU v P PPg UP
ZAPQAv a tU UwAi P tU UwU P
. 4.5g Uj UrPVz. EzjAz gv PlAU DzAi
P . 3g az. EzjAz ZUwg jPgU v
P v PAivg gU q zuU jzVz.
UV, P GvzAi Ml iz P .4.5g Uj Urz
PVz.
9

PlP P w 2006

3. vwPv v zs
3.1 v P wAi vwPvAi jP Pg 2006-07g em
Arz "AZv"U Dzsj
z. F vz Lz CAUAzg:
t DgU AgQ CUz.
g v PgjU
AU AgQz.

Dzv

PwP

gvjU s v Evg jPgU PPV MzVz.

Gvz QAiAiAU
Uz v

PAivg

AguAi

Ai

vAve UuAi AiUAiAz P PvQg

CAvg Priqz.
sgvz Wvv gwUz q. J..e. C PA gg
20 Ag 2005gAz PlP zs sAi dAn Cz
irz
stz gdz P PvU Avz G PAi PAi rzg.
CAzg, (C) Q Gz PAi: . 50g Adg sAi AU,
dvzAv eP-EAzs
gU Aiz. EzjAz 875 Pn g.
DzAiUz U 14 P djU GzU Pqz.(D) vlUjP
G PAi: gj, sv s, vgu, P AiiAwPgt v P
AguAi CAi CPv Ez. F PAiAz CP GzUz evU
g.10,000 PnU DzAi qAiz. (E) P Agu: P v
vlUjP GvUAz g.50,000 Pn gs DzAi qz. (F) g
u: g P v vdg Agu sU CPvz. E
F PAi wAi DAvjP GzUV. F PAi wAi gv PAvVz
vAveQAv ZV gv Uv U jvz.
gv PAAi wAi UjU

t DgU Pqz.
t v j AgPuAiAU VP
AU AgPu.
P MzVz.
Pvg U u.

AiUAiAz gvg dU Uz
vAwPv Uu.

MAz zPz P Gvz v gvg

DzAi UtUz.

. 4.5g P tU z.

Gvz Dzsjv vAveAz rP

Dzsjv vAvez PqU zz

10

3.2
Ez
"gv
PAv"
PAiwAiiVz: UV C
QAi Pvz gAsUvz.
Cz Cz DAiAi A v
v
DyP
AztPU,
Gvz v vAve PvU,
gvg jg s, s
AiU, P Agu, P
GvU
g
v
izs, U igPmAi
jxU vUAiz v

CAwV P AA PvU
v APU rv
U jvz.

PlP P w 2006

3.3 z zPz P .4.5g C UwAi

Gz F PAiwAi gz. EzjAzV gv DzAi
azAz jQVz. P AAv PvU GzU
zjAz a DzAi zgPz JgqAizV, EzgU
Ql zU U gv zAiU C QAiAi
vqVPUz. gAizV, EzgV vAve zu
"vgu
Gzv"VzAi gv "rP DzsjvV. "AiUAi
v Pv"U q CAvgAzV gvjU vAve vw.
AizV,t g Cx Evg eP AU AgPuAi
Rzz. PAizV, igPm sv v gvjU zgP
jPgU Utlz U z ZZ qAiwgvz. EU UAi
U jz CPVz.
4. PAi v DyPv
4.1 Pz zPz P gAUz v DyPvAi w vzAiPV. Cz
P gAUz dP U SV Aq rPAi P
itzV.
Cz
jw
Ml C Zz (%) P C Z (%)
DAiAi
vguAi
vPgV. Ez w Pg
Cx w gv Dzsgz
14
vjvUAv
12
10
jzVPVz.
A
8
DAiAi AquU A
6
4
Cs U P . 4.5
2
0
tU UwAi Uzj
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20
90- 91- 92- 93- 94- 95- 96- 97- 98- 99- 00- 01- 02A vguAiiUPVz.
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03
DAiAi
AUAz
C PAiUUV Ml
C Zz .10g U P Pvz CAivg Zz . 22
jAz 25ggAv rPPAz qUwz.
iV
gj gvr PU .8 jAz 10g DAiAi A
vguAiiUwz U Cz E PrAiiUwz. Cz . 10g lP
aPVz.
4.2 q:AdAq wAi UgwgAv Ut zU V
Azz vPU Aq rPAi GvfPVz. vjU U
s GvdPU CAv rPU qAv Aid
gPVz. CAvzP Gv P s qgz. CAv rPzg
Uv Aiz P Agt WlP gAz d RjAi
Aiz Ejg ZjP ot t lU QPP.
evU CAv s PgP AgVP. EzPV P P gZ
iqP.
11

PlP P w 2006

Agriculture
20
15
10
5

2004-05

2003-04

2002-03

2001-02

-10

2000-01

99-2000

98-99

97-98

96-97

95-96

94-95

0
-5

93-94

Percentage Increm ent

P
q

P
Pvz
Gv
zsAiizU gdz DAvjP
Gvz Z Uz.

-15
-20

Years

Primary

10
5

2003-04

2002-03

2001-02

2000-01

99-2000

98-99

97-98

96-97

95-96

-5

94-95

0
93-94

P
q

P ercentage Increm ent

15

gdz Ml DAvjP Gv
PrAiizU P Ai
zUvz.

-10
-15
-20

Years
gdz Ml
DAvjP Gv
Total GSDP
12

P
Pvz
Gv
zsAiizU Cz A
U
vU.

10
8
6
4
2
2004-05

2003-04

2002-03

2001-02

2000-01

99-2000

98-99

97-98

96-97

95-96

94-95

0
93-94

P ercentage Increm ent

14

P
q

Years
av-2 : gd DAvjP Gvz tUAiq CAvg AiUAU P :
1993-94 jAz 2004-05

12

PlP P w 2006

UuAP
Dzgz gdz Ml DAvjP Gvz zs
Sectoral Shares of GSDP at Factor Cost by Industry of OriginPvU At

(g (1993-94)
U Prices:
(1993-94)-1994-95g
vwAi z
Constant
Triennium Ending 1994-95.
PAi)
Agriculture
31%
Tertiary
40%

Forestry and
Logging
2%

Fishing
0%
Mining and
Quarrying
Secondary
1%
26%

UuAP Dzgz gdz Ml DAvjP Gvz zs

PvUSectoral

(gof GSDP
UatFactor
(1993-94)
: 1993-94g
vwAi
Shares
Cost by Industry
of Origin-At
Constant (1993-94)
Prices:
z PTriennium
Ai)Ending 2003-04.
Agriculture
21%

Tertiary
52%

Forestry and
Logging
1%
Fishing
0%
Mining and
Quarrying
1%
Secondary
25%

av-3 : Aiz CAvg AiU zs

13

PlP P w 2006

4.3 gvjU PAz AidUAz U PAz gv AidU

Az
Aizs qUwz. CU 2 UAUV AUrz.
zAiz, DyPv, vlUjP DyPv v Mj Pvz
CAi
AidU
v C zsU gAP eU
MUArgvz.
E
gvg
gdz Ml DAvjP Gv tUU
P PvAz P . 4.5g PqU.
sV
Cr
PAxVgv.
CAx
DAiAiz Aid Zz P
AiP . 10g Ml qz.
AidU t, Cwt U
Ml C Zz . 10g P
zq
gvgAz
v Qz
CU qz.
AidU CrP PUvz.
P . 5g Aq itz
JgqAi UA AidU
tU. Dg gPvU PAi
t
v
Cwt
gvg
Aq qz.
fAi
Ut P v PAivg Pvz
AAxVgv. E D
Aq rP az.
jwAi VPgt CP U
gv PAlAz J iwAi
CjU Dzv q PUvz.
MUAq gv v P vgu.
4.4 PV Pz zPz P Pvz DzAi Z Pr gVz.
UV zz gvg zBw ZUwz. Czv gdz Dqv
gvg DvvU AiAiiV AiAwz. F PAiwAi gvg
zBwU PgtU J CAUv U jvz.
4.5 F " gv PAv" PAiwAz izs v P AguAz
gvg DzAi az DzvAi AiVz. Ut
zU P U PAivg PvU P PPgUAqAv
GzUz CPU az CPVz. DzAi a
AidU v s v gP U Pz s vDv
Ug UPq zsUvz. gv iw P AidAir
"gv v P" wAi gvU qUz. Ezg DAii
gv iwAi g Pq Uvz. Ezg gv
g, , s q, gj, AP AW zv, , t
zs U Aiwg U UU iw Egvz.
4.6 P DyPv izjAi Uwzg gdz Dg gQvv CvAv
Rzz. Dg gz R sAz U
CAi sz C Egz. gd P DAiU Ez
jUtU vUzPvz. q.JA.J. x gg gAv
s AiU UgwPU Pg sP Aq Ai
qzPvz.
14

PlP P w 2006

5. s v t DgU
5.1 VP AU s Cw Rzz. sAi P
gV DyP U jg AAzslAv vg ju gvz
U MAzAz Aiz Czg ju eAiiVgvz. DzjAz
zgZAi MAz s
s AAv Ai
PAi
w
zwU
Jgq
Avz
s
zsguU
vAiij CUvz.
FV
CAiv.
GzjPgtz AiUz gdz
U Pv PrAiiUwz PAivg
zs Az Ml sAi
ZlnPUUV s PAi Z.
GAiPvAi
wU
v gj wvAi PApv.
yPz P. Ez
Adg s ZwgP.
PV v SAvg
51 P t v Cw t qU
v tUAi DAi
Egz.
P
w
gzjAz
zRUz
v
gz
Ut
zz. F zAi, PlP
CguAigz.
s P Aq Azv
d U iPgv s
qU Z.
Pz AidU
gz.
5.2 PlPz s zsguAi g gdUU zg Gv
jwAi PAiUv iqVz. F Zgz Mv CAi rz.
F zsgu PlP gdz GvVz PAiUv iq P
zU
iq
q Uv PUP
zsV.

R
zsUAzg
Zj
Number
(inUlakhs)
qofHolding
AS (P
)
sAi , zswU
zs, Ut gzrP v
GU . Rz
zUAzg, Zj
sAi jAiiV AZz
Egz, Z j d
Utl
v
Aaz
1990-91
1995-96
2000-01
d DyP x
v UZjz Ut .
35
30
25
20

15
10
5
0

15

PlP P w 2006

5.3 sPAi zwU vg zuUV. gdz G s

PrAiiVz, PAivg PAiUU s P ZUwz. CAiP
s PAi U Adg s w MAz DvAPz
AiVz. CAiP G s DyPV CUvVz.
U
wv v gj P Cw Pr, zq v i
d PAi PrAiiUv Agz A
U
AiiUz. gj d rv 1.95 PgVz . 42 Mmg
rvz gj 1 Pj Ez v Ez DvAPAl irz. s
P Aq P U Az vAiijz d wAi
zsguU
U
Arz. CUAzg:
CAiP d CU AZw lz gvg UAU
ga vAwP g gd P ES r dP v SV
lz iqz. gvgUU DyPV t MzV
DUz, ES wAz sj Ez Pr r zgz Az
jUtz. EzjAz eg, UPm, gAiZg, P,
j, v UU fU
A 10 U 10 P
Pg d DyPV GAiV GzVz.

PlP sAq QAivVzg DqvvP PgtUAz

jAiiV PUw. F AqAi, s Aw u,
tU, AgPu iq E QAivV iqPVz. F
AqAi Pz vAwP
v u AAi
wAi eU
Az, P QAii
AZAiv
lz gvg UAU
AidU
gt
Adg sAi v.
AUU vAiij P
s zsguAi U A Avz
tUU PV g
dP ZZ.
g
AvU
Adg sAi eP EAzs, OAi
AWnz. Ez gd
U v a iz gU
lz zP u
z.
PAzV
s
P
AqAi
zs
iqz.
jwUz.
s P uAi AZAiv ge
AAi
s
P
uAi
vqVz.
s AidAi zs iqz.
PAi
AAv
jwz.

ZlnPUU

16

AZAiv
gd
A
Plz
rPAi
vV
Aif
sAi P PAi
Cw
t
dAiz
izjAi
iqz.

PlP P w 2006

s PAzAiz Dqv PAPj ifP tU

PAiPUz PrAi g, xP zs v DgU
EU dUU wgg AZAiv ge iqP.

Other
minor
types

Coastal
Soils

Forest
Soils

Allyviocolluvial
Soils

Black
Soils

Lateritic
Soils

Red
Soils

Lakh Hect

t dAi zU, PV rP iqzQAv AZ,

d VPgt v uAi vAiijz. F Ai
"s Aid" MAz MAi Aid. Eg sAi g
g
GzUU
GAiV v
Soil Types of Karnataka
PlPz t zsU

ifP
DyP
P 80
Ra
g
60
d
Mqvz
P 40
g 20
z.
F
U 0
GzPV,
Cgt

z,
zAi
s,
lt
zU g n v SV sU RgV
VPjUz.
gvg G sAi g GzPV U Pz
jg
gvg
ev
ia
igPm
zgz
tz. Ez A U PV ir Pz
U qz.
q.wZAzgg w gAi Pg d it
evz v gU AAzsl U v DU zV
Ai U Gvz WlPUU "Gv"vgUwAi d 100
PjU Cx . 50g iV Mqv v GPAi 25
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17

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18

PlP P w 2006

T E 1995-96

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Sesamum 4%
1%

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22%
Sunflower
13%
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4%
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3%

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1%

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11%

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4%

Fig 4: Area Shares of Different Crops during triennium

av
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T E 2003-04

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1%

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6%

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5%

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2%

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15%

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10%

Jowar
20%
Sunflower
10%
Gram
6%

Wheat
3%
Smallmillets
1%

Maize
7%

Ragi
11%

Bajra
3%

av-5 : 2003g vP CAvP zs U Pvz

Fig5: Area Shares of Different Crops during triennium ending 2003

av-6 : 1990-91 jAz 1999-2000 UgU DyPvAi P AAiP

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19

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20

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21

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22

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24

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26

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27

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MlU U CzgAU F Jgq AU iV
Ptg IuvP UtU gv rAvzVz.
Pg gj
44

PlP P w 2006

zU j P x dU, z ng PgU
gfUzg F A w KPi jAP Gv g
i
qvz. F giU
jg zsvP CAUAz PVgv.
PgU vP PAi gdPgz PAiPzrAi PUwz.
Pg gj uAi U AZUU PqP. Pg gj
zU g Pzgg AWU gP JAz sg
iqVz.
PAiiZgu z 1000 Pg jzU vP g
Pzgg
AWU
qP
Aim
PAi
Dzsj
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Kv gj AidUAi EAv g
Pzgg AWU irPP Pg gj zz
gj U Pg j Ai CAvgVgvz. g Pzg
AWU CZPl zU g AU Pg gjAiAU
zjAz U gAP j CUvvU gzVz.
Z g Ai Uz sv v P U
Pg gj v Kv
gj AidU U iqz F z a g
P xz U Gv DyP giz U
Ai P
PUUz.
J Pg v Kv gj AidU
Uu g Pz
vAveAz tV vqUlUz. J Kv gj
AidU P () vgu AidAi PqAiV
PAiiZguUUz. AAzsl zz gvg g Pzgg
AW gPz gv U g uAi Pz
gv Aiiz AidAi Adg iqU.
-Ai DyP AidAiAz AAzsl gPz
gg AWU
wPjPAq Aq Z sjP. SVAi zjPAi
AiiAiV MUz.
Pg dAi PvU Gv g AUuAz, vPAz
U Evg vAvUAz PgU Z g AUUAv
iqP. w PgA
i dAi PvU ZV u ir j
MjAz GAmUzz vqAi j PgU w
vAAv rPUz.
13.7 CAvd gj
PlPz CAvdz a PAi Ai wV jUtVz.
CAvdz Cw PAi gdz Jq MAz V DVg. Cw
PAiiVg zUAzg, Pg, AUg Ut, vPg,
avzU fU
U P jAiiV DUz fUAzg U,
aPUg v gAiZg. EzjAz sz g PAi avt zs
45

PlP P w 2006

vgVgz PAqgvz. zU, j Utl R

CAVz gjU Cz PVgz Vz. sA
Uz gvg P U Z t Z iqz PAqgvz.
P Ai D P 600-800 CrUgU Egvz. EzjAz g
Jv Z, wVgvz U gA
P rP zjAiiUvz. P
U wz d Az UgU PAiiUv
J i UPAi gvg v gP g Ezg t
xV qzP PgtVz. vgz U MtV Vz,
Gz U gj x P wAUAz P UU iv
vVgvz.
U gfU PAi CAvd
x avz. F Pv QAiiVAv U jg
U jAv PV PU PUUvz.

CAvdz C v u PjvAv dA aAi,

sgv Pg 2005 g grz izj vU CAiUAv
Pg zsz CAvdz
gjAi gfUz
AiAvtz U
tUz
AidU
grz.
Ez Dzv
tUz.
gU P PUUz.
D CAq Ds zw Crz.
gvg DyPz lAz
P v Pg CZPl zU
gj uAi g Pzgg
g Jvz vqUlAv
AWz SAvg PAi PUz.
DqvvP
P
PgU

gfU
U
PUUz. P
AZAiwAig uU Mrz.
U z Eg
Ai zsv vgz.
P
U
z
Pr g J.Dg.L. zw
Pgz.
t
gj
Crz.
AidAi
J
UAi
j zg jjz.
gvjU
g
GvAi
P ASAvg g vgu zw
iq, Ej a,
PgU
dAi
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vAve zwU
CZPlUz.
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Aiiz
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Dz
P
U
vUAi
qAiiVg
Czg
z.
GzUP PPAi
W gjU Rv qz
a
gUvz.
DzjAz /vAvg gjU J gvg v zUU Aiiz
Uvz qAiiVzg zsAi AidAi qz
CUvVgvz. t gj zwAi E a jwAi
zsguAiiUPVz gdz Pz g P P
g U E qzAv CPU qAi U

46

PlP P w 2006

gUP.
DzjAz gd
vUzP GzPVz.

Pg

EzP

Cz

CAvdz
Cw
PAi
vqUl

zsAi
qAi
AiUVgP, D P UU zv AP ggP
Avz PU CjUz.
J PgU Kv gj
AidU v CZPl zz gvjU vAvg Cx gj
zw Cj GvfUz.
zAi Dzsjv CAvd gf P AiQP zsz
gU CjUz.
V CZPl zU CAvd g v g
AAiPV zP GvfUz.
14. tU ZzU gu; guAi jwv v
14.1 Pz Jgq zPU, zz P jwAi UuvP jvAi
qzPArz. Juz dAS tU, zsjv PlAP DzAiU
f Ai U GAlirz, gs CPU P,
PAiizsjv GzU jz.
F J j P U rP
izjAi zuU vAz.
UU sg sz
vVz, dAS tU wUwz. zz qU ASAi
Zwz U Uvz PUw. EzjAzV 1970-71 U 2000-01 g q
gdz qU ASAi 36 jAz 66 PUU az gj d
Uv 3.2 . Az 1.95 . gU Ez.
14.2 t qU az ASAi CU U a UAv, U
C sz jvAi ZUV U tUAi PguUV.
v Eg gPAv, 'AP gv' zs CAtVz Er
PlAP DzsP P vAve j UzAv DVz. gvg

zUwz, AiQPV U g AZzAV Cg APz

U Cg iw Ai sUAi zUwzg.
EAz
Cg Pz Jgq zPU
z VAv a jwAi gu Ai
Aiwzg. P Pv Jgq sUU - td v fzsg
zsU sVvVz, gu zwAi v PAiUwAi zs
iU CrPPVz. Az, F vAvU Jgq
gt
zwUAz sVz, Egq vP PAiiZgu wU v
sg Pg
U GzU v vAveU Pjv PAi
v.
14.3 gu U td sU APUvz. Ezg Gv
iz GzU, vAveU, w rPU, Gv u

47

PlP P w 2006

zwU v Gv gU, EU MUz Cz, Gv

lz vAveU qAv, CUv Gv iPU, QAii zs,
U
sgAiP
CAvU

juPjAiiV
MzVPUvz. EA dP gu U zwAi jQv lP
vg. Dzg SV gu
U v ZlnPU
DzsjvVz EAv UuvP Ai MzV As PAqAz.
n J td GzU, Pv PAiiZgu
U

UVgzjAzV
F gu U Pq Z Vgz CPVz. Gz-
vAveU U U AAzsl P iUzU CsyUU
qz F PAiz R CAVz. iV F CsyU rPU
U U igPm DAiU U iUz Aivg. gu

QAiU A zsguU gU UUz.
Cs gvg MUAqAv jtv gu UAU
AiQPV Cx UAUV gu U qz.

ga

gvg MUAqAv gu
U ZU vgzgAU, Z
GAiP vg w PqzgAU edAi az.
Azjz
gU
CjzAv
gu

Ai
P
GzUAU Cx zQ Pg AWU SAvg Cx
UjP, P Pu Cx AW A A
iUzAU iqz.
e.P.Cgg Pn AiAv U s lz gu
e
gz. F e KPUQ P J U zgAiAv
iq F PU wgAv ZgU MUArgvz.
P Azs PAz

U AZAiw lz
KP UQ gu zw
P r / z
zsg 1
P AiP -1
zPj-1

vAwP v Dqv
A

Ai lz gvg
UA (8-10 zg)

Lz gv zgU
w, M Pgvg
AAi w

av-7 : U AZAiw lz P gu e

wzAv P Dzsjv U, g vg
z UAv, Z
GAiPVgv. E PqAv vAwP U, iw, VU,
v vgu MUArgvz. F vgz Az v A
PArU MUArgvz.

48

PlP P w 2006

gu AAi vgw Gvz azP iv vUz

g P, , g P Ev PU Aiiv
zz
Cr
PgvP gu
gPUP.

t v Cw t gvg ASAi
gu

Aid

sz zuAi t v Cw
EgAv
t gvg Z Rg.
iq
gvg w jgP gu .
AgPVgvz
v
td Cx tevg gu .
svA
qAiAv
gv AW AUU gu .
U
U
GvzPv
Uj
DzsgQAv
vA
a izj vQPU
DzsgVgP.
MUArgPUvz.
F
U AZAiw lz equ
vgz
vQPU,
EgP
rPAiP vQPUVgQz, ggdAiPVggz.
Z.

U sU SAvg, P sU vgA
iUz. EzjAz
P zAiU gvAz, vAwP U Ut gvjU
vzAvUvz.
F
vgz
izjAz
P
zzsgg
GvdUAq Uv iP AsA
iAU P Ai
Pq AzUvg. F vgz Ugg U AZw U
Ml
U
P
GvzAi
zuU
vg
GvdPjUVgvg.
EgU vAwPv, P zw
CrP,
igPm
iw
Cx
Aiiz
vg
z
gvjU
CPUAv ZgU MzV Z GAiPgVgvg.
F vg
z Ugg gv AP PAzUAz Cx P CPjUAz
P iwU qzP P QUVgvg. w U AZ,
P eU vAwP AiAv MAz vQP vP Agvz.
Ezg ev Ugg U Cx f lz P CPjU v
Evg AAzs
l CPjU ev AP A P igPm
Zg qg. F vgz Ugg, P zAiz
eU evU g AP Az CPgvz.
F
Ugg P zAiU vgw A gvg MPAv
Pq Ai qAivg.
F Ugg P U
Pq P zAi v gvg q Gv PArUAv
wvg.
wAiAz U AZAi MAz Pg zz Pg v
SV AiUzAU P vAwPv P gvg CPPV
vgAiUvz. F vQPAi U AZ g Ugg P
U qz Rz U Ai CP iqUvz.
F MAz Pg z Pgz sAiiVgP. P e PAz
49

PlP P w 2006

v Azs PAzU P iq eU P Ai
Pqvg. FU ZAig AidU jAii zgz P
VU
MzVwz, Ezg Aid qAiz.
t v Cw t gvjU PqAv gu VU vPV
AUrP. E Cw Pr Ra vAwPvU Z Mv PqP.
AAz rPAig vAwPvAi Pr vAwPvUU Mv
qUz.
P guAi Gvz Z Pr iq Pr Zz
jPgU PU gP. EzjAz gvg Z DzAi qAiAv
iqzVz, Cg P Ai zwU CrAv
GvfzAvUvz.
gu
zsAizU Ml P PlA UzlPAq PU
AAzsl Evg ZlnPzAv AU, vlUjP, P
Cgt, g P v UjPU MUArgP.
gu
GzU AzsgV DzvU vPAwgQz, Z djU
AiPU v jgP AiiVg P.
gu j ivqzAwgz iqAwgPUvz.
dg CrPg.

EzjAzV Z

g PAw Aiz Ulz P PUgg Z gvg.

F jwAi MAz Uz PUgg PqU
t
Vz. F U
zj
U
Gvd UAvUP. Eg U gAi jwAi gaAv
CvUv.
14.4

gv AP PAz
P UAz gv AP PAzU
PAiw.
EU
gvjU P iVU, P zwU v mAi gU U iwAi
MzVv A. Dzg, EU PAi U vjv PAiuAi
zsguAiiUPVz.
F PAzUAz, P V, CU U iw,
sg irz Ai z wU , P igPm U iw, igPm
Kgg v vAvez U iw zgAiAvUP. DzzjAz
F PAzUU Z MvPl vg w v i A aP.
PAz vd wU PlPz Aiz vAzgU CzsAi ir
Z Cz q sg irz. U AZ lz FUU
ag Ugg evU P AP PAzU PAi. F
jwAi MAz Z gdz J vPU zUAq J
MUAqAv gv AP PAzVgP. F jwAi P iq Azz
vP vdg AiAv Azz vQAz gAsUQz.
F
zuU PPA
qAv sgU
AgP.

50

PlP P w 2006

PlP gdz zP v Cv vAqz AiAv z

Azz vP Ugw gv AP PAz vgAiQz.
P zzsg PAi J jwAi P wU jtw A, gv
AP PAz sAwgP. EjU PqAv vgw J
sUU e P zAiAz MzVAwgP. F
P zzsgjU Jgq P Bv vg
w PqPUvz.
PAi VU Rj v P Gv igl AiV gv
AP PAzz P zzsg gvjU iw qAwgP.
gv AP PAzU v igPm U
, P zAi v
Azs
PAzUAz gAz vAve ZsPz
zP.
w ZAz wAi (1993) AiAv AgPu vgw AAi
gAs iq PUvz. MAz Dg.r.n..Ai F jwAi AiV
jw gv AP PAzU PAiAv AU Z
wP Pl, Z vU MzVPUvz.
z igPmAi Zvg zsgu v U CUvvAi gv
AP PAzU MzVAv Ut UUAwgP.
gv AP PAzU Gav zgt ASAi AgP.
AS vv Aiz Aiiz sUz gvjU zgPAwgP.

gv AP PAzU igPmU CUtV w AU v

Ag AUUUtV gvjU PqAwgP.
P VU igl iqAv vgPg
zAi AgPAz gv P.

PqAiV

15. sPg igPm

P igPm Ai vA Ctv Egz. igPm Ai,
Ctv U DaPUvz. EzP Pgt Zwg Ai Z. gvg
v gv RAqg ev irz ZZAz gvg Lz R vAzgU
UgwVz.
zAizV, ggeU P VU it v
51

PlP P w 2006

Utl. P VUz d, Ug v OU jAiiz it,

Ai v wgz zgAiw. U g
geUwg VU Utl
EgzjAz AzsU jAiiV d Aiz U Ugz
Ai GzguU PAqA. EAv Pr Utl VU
ggd iqwgg Ugw, F U jg PAqPPVz.
JgqAizV, P VU
ggd iqg Pr EgzjAz,
gvjU Pr zjUz, ggd iqg zgAiU iqwzg.
DzjAz, gdz P VU ggd iqg e a,
UP. gAizV, P PZ VU CAw GvU
VAv ZUwg zjAz gvg DzAi PrAiiUwz. CAw GvU
AiAwv igPmAi AiAvtzz. Dzg PZ VU Kgv
Ez.
gd Pg Cx vAiig iqg Ai AiAvtzq
PAiQz. AizV, gvjU zsgtV J iwU V
jUAz Uw. Ez jU v CPPV Pwzg,
gvjU jAiiz iwUw U jU iw evU VU
vUzP PUvz. EzjAz gv jAiiV iw Ez, jAiiz itz
VU z v DzAi Pr irPwz. PAizV,
EAv Azs
U gv jAiiz itz VU z EgzjAz
U, g v tU AiiUwz. EAv U j iq P
U Ez j iq vA Ai v Aq PUvz.
F vAzgU CQ w gu iqPVz.
w ZAz wAi (1993) U AZAiv lz J
VU MAz z ggd iqP JAz az. Z
Ej Pq, J Q UtP AP v CAAi
zuAz vAiijz vU PVz.
SV PAU Gvz v dz Utlz U j gd
lz jtvg MUAq Gj wU ga P gvjU
Gv Utlz v dU MzV Aiv iqQz.
d UU P zAi/Ai vU vAwP
Dzsgz Gv P v dz Utl zsjAv
iqz. F n w vQ MAz Ai d UU
P DAii U PU v dU Gv
UjAz. F PAiPP PU vAwP U gdz P
zAiUAz MzVUz. Evg (fP) gU PlP
gd d U v PlP gdz d zsrPgt A
(P.J.J..J) MzVz. PAi v d MAz R P
jPgAz jUtVz P wAi evz v

52

PlP P w 2006

Utlz d ggfU Mv PqUwz. gdz P zAi,

gd d U v gd d zrPgt AU U CP SV
Gvz AU vv AivAz gdz Gv Utlz d
ggd it . 12-15gz Ez . 33 g a
AiwUz.
d
iglUgg
AztAi
vqiqzU
Cx
QzU iqAw.
Dzg Utlz qg vU
Gv Ut AiAvt PAi P d Gj wU
ZgPV PAi Av gUz.
SV PAAig zV Gv dU PqAiV
zrPgtP MrUz U GvzPg td zAz d
AU vU (gAl ) U UvAi
PrPUz.
w U AZAiw lz A AU Ai UU
AAzAv v d, UgU v q PU
U
Aq
jPgU rP nAi zrz U U AZ lz P
Ugg sgAv iqUz.
w ZAz w sgAv UU Ai UAU
izjAiAv 10-25 t U Cw t gvgUAq gvg
UAU gaz U DAii UAUU Ai zs g.
20000U P jPgU v P GPgtU P
MzVUz. F Ai U AZAiwAig EAv UAU
ga PzP gzg P gvg UAU, CjU Pz
P jPgU P v Gvz GvU PV
igPm iq wP A qAv vUz. F
jw gaz gvg UAUU t itz P GPgtUz Agu
AiAvU, zsPj AiAv, PAi, MPu, d r U
GPgtU Rj . 75g Ai zs qUz.
Jg Ug Gvz WlPU U Gvd r CzjAz gvjU
Ai Ug a itz CPUvz.
gvjU d z iq Cx PAi Avg PU P
GPgtU Pz sUAv U AZAiw lz (Pi
jAU) GPgtU s PAzU P P
GPgtU rUU U iqz.

53

PlP P w 2006

16 U fP
gvg AiP GAiV P jPgU "" Ai
MAzVz.
PlP gd td APUAz CP PvUU
MzVg it Pr. EzP Pgt gvg P qzg
Evg ZlnPU P Gvz it PrAiiV qz
wj zsUw.
Ezz, Adgw Aiz APUAz
MAz MAz jwAi u v dUg P MUUzjAz
sV zgAiz SV QU g V Z rU qz
gv AwgVgz zwAigz UAq gvU sV,
PPV zgAi CP U AidU gVz.
P Pvz gvjU MzV q A gdz
AAiiV PAiwz. F AAi DyP AvAi U
Mnzg P aAiz SAvg P ZlnPUU
iqwz.
EzjAzV q AAi wU DyP v
td APUAv Egzg DAi.
DzjAz gv
AiiV PAi q AAi P AvAizr
PAiAv iqz Z AdPg.
q A v Evg td APUAz qAi P UU
KPgz r PUz. gvg qAi PU iwAi
MUAq P PqUz v qAiU w j F
P dg rPUvz.
iV gvU P AU z t v MAz jU
CPvgzjAz z t zs P ZlnPUUtV
qUq iq v z t t qUq irz
Avg U GAiVz Avg rAi PUz.
td APU DyP zwAizU Aii jw sgwAi jg
AP g q gzAi f Pg APU
CszU CAv APUU g qQz. EzP AAzAv
AAz AU UP vg
Uz.
Pg APU J Uz gv zAi CUvvU
Evg td
APUVAv ZV gwgzjAz Pg AWU r
GzVz.
PlP gdz P g APU gvjU P P
. 4g rU qUwzg td APU Z rAi
w. F vgv Ur AAz CPjUAU
ZaUz.

54

PlP P w 2006

P DzAiz PApv v Z wg gvg AP v z

gAi UAq W Pg, APU . 4g r zgz
vjzP AAzAv g qz.
Pz v P itz UqUq U qv gSAig
gvjU zs Ai / jAiiw qzg zV CUvUUtV
iqz.
PlP Pg . 6 2005gAz m sg wAi (.
x gg CzsPvAi) rz sgU
j g
wAi gaz, g CAU jUtUz.
PlP gdz ArPm AP U Pg AP CrAi gdz
zs fU Ut sUz PAi wg Ut
APU Ag 12, 2005gAz U flz PAz
PbjU P Ut lz Uw APUAz
Pgt ir gvjU Pz Ai juPjAiiV
ejUUwz.
P AzsU P vzjzU gvg APQqUzjAz CAv
Azsz gwAi CAi jz v PAvU
wj v Ut APU U Pg APUAz
P g Uz F wAi jz.
gvg g x a Ai igPm DzsPv,
GvU AUu v Ut jUU AAzAv
AidU g DyP sU MzV CUv AQAU
Ai CrPPVz.
z Ai Qg gvg P U V
wU SAvg (Prm PAU) wP wAi v Evg
sU MzV P Ppt PUz gvg Dvv Avz
Pg PU vz.
v JPP izsU PAq "w U v e
PAz"z P v U U gvg eUwUz.
P UU qU j sv v z zAiUz
U juPjAiiz Gj iqUz.
17. P PPg
P PAi ZlnPU P PPg zq itzz.
PlPz 2001 dUtw Pg Ml P PUgg AS 62 Pzz Czg
36 P Aig v 26 P g PPgVzg. Ezg evU ZV
t v Cw t gvg P PPgV PAi wzg. DzjAz
gvg v P PPg Pt C Rzz. Egg CAWnv
55

PlP P w 2006

PPgzjAz Ut zz gg MAzz SAvg Pr PAi

qAiwzg.
F jwAi gdz Gvg PlPzz PPjU
Ag V zsUwzjAz a P qAi v
DyPvAi zsj g gdUz Z v gdz R UgUz
zsgq v AUjU Uz iVz. Ez UAq
Ut U Ugzg PPjU CPU jwAi AidU
QPUz.
v GzU sg AidAi 100 UU gzAv GzU
qUzz P PAi qUz.
P Agt PAzU zrAiwg P PPjU Pv C
PAzU P GvU Agu, QAU v UtP U vgwAi
MzV F wAi jz.
18 Ai P sP A
18.1 gdz 1960jAzZU U CP Ej qAi gAiPU
CAzg juV gAvg P CU sP AU Pgv
vqPv. UV gAvg P CAi Pzg sP
AU C rzjAz iv zs. F n Ulz
gU Pz, Pg, PAmU v Ui d P AAzAv
jg C rPVz.
EzP AZ w ZAz (1993)
g
AiAv Pr Ra U Ql uAz jg v
PqzP CUv PU PU AidU F wAi
CrUwz. E wAi sgU jUtzVzg R
zsAiUU MvPqPUvz.
V F PV w Av U CUzVz.
Lz QAmVAv a Ai zrPv PAi iqjU
v (Ai zs) Pqz.
t U iqAv gPU CU itzAU n
ir vP lz Pbj U gv AP PAzU Pnz.
w ZAz w (1993)Ai sgA
v DAii Ai
zwUUUtV Ai UgU Cr U
V gvg GvfP. F PAiP Azs
U gu
PAiP UU a Mv Pq P.
Ai P xP U qsPt lz oPV
qAiiUP.
Cz jw P zAiU zs U
vPvg Avz MAz PqAi AiV qAiiUP.

56

PlP P w 2006

Ai P zwAi zs P sUP AiUUUtV

Ugw, ePV , Ai Ai zwU J
PAi wU (P) Ai gz sg iqP.
s
Pg C rg zwU F PAiPz z
CAUUP.
Pq 40g Pj z P, vlUjP, g U Cgt
PvU
Ai P zwU PqAiV P.
zg zQAi zAi Crg zsz Ai
egU AgPu U Cr P PUwPP.
w AZAiv Pbj U gv AP PAzz PbjU Ai
d AP gAP. Ai gv wU EU u u
Uz.
CAUr PAzU
g zz Hl PAiPP Ai
GvU
P
U
EU
gvjAz
PAqPAvUP.
Ai gvg AWU Gvf D P F GvU itPj
PAiRUP.
Ai GvU PAi, DAi, Agu U igl U
jAiiAiw AidU CUP.
Ai P zwU gu PAiPzrAi vAz
izU P dAiUP.
19. eP EAzs
v sgv . 70g m
AiA GvU 44 Ai qgU
Zz Dz irPwz. F gs gz CAvgAi wAi
PrtQz. eP EAzsz PAw F jwAi z
PjAiiUzVz.
P .10 jAz .15 Gg zU eP
EAzs z Dzg z Aiz GvAiz evU gvjU fA
U GzUU AiPUz. PlP gdz zU
GvzU z U Pr PAig s sz, Gvg PlPz
F s Z PAqgvz. PlP gdz CAzd irgAv 13.5 P
Pg U Cg s sz F sAi eP EAzs U
PU PV zVz.
EzP v sg Pg Gvz
WlPU P G GvU gv. PqAi P sg eP
EAzs dP AP U . 25g SV UU
zg
Ezg ju UUvz.
EzP Pz vAwP gP
FUU AUg U zsgq P zAiU sz. UV,
vAve CU Z iq CPv EVz DAi sUU F Ai
57

PlP P w 2006

AguU Mv Pqz CP. F PAiP Pz zU Ugw D

zP CUtz eP EAzs U Ugwz CvP.
v
dv, Pe, e, , AU, g U eP EAzsz
UV UgwVz, E eP EAzs gV. eP EAzs
P 159 i U P U PjU g. 5000 Az 9000 gU
DzAi gvz.
Mmg zzg gdz Ml 10 P Pg gAiP
sAi eP EAzs PU zVz V Gvg
PlP U zQt Cs rv sUU Ez zVz. F
PAiP P ESAi sg Dqv AiAv PV
zVz.
v eP EAzs Agu WlPU CU Gzg
U , eg, zg, vPg, Pg, avzU, P
U gAiZg. F U gvjAz F WlPUU U WlPUAz
vguU AP P Ai CPv Ez.
AivU P g zz U AzP
U CAzAiP EAzs AU AzsU
P v
ZPVz. zs Ut U t Utlz Dzsgz
eP EAzs U DzvAi UgwPVz.
P
zAiU EzP AAz vAve jU Pz
sv sU gvz.
Wl U Gvgz Cs rv AvU eP EAzs U
Ai PVz EU PU a Dzv PqPVz.
gvjU eP EAzs U PU gPz vAve gP U
PPg U gu Ai g AU zs g
UnU
AidAiAz gUP.
MAz PAi Pg ig 13.5 P Pj Mts U Cg
Mt s F GzP sz P PAiP g P F
Pv Az P F U U vgzVz.
vgu gAi AgAv igPm Ai g
P Ut GvzPg U Agu
WlPU zs AP
PP. Ez GvzPg Pg AWU izjAi
gP. EzP CPz A U A APU P
GvUU P igPm U EzP gPV Pz Vj
Gvz WlP, P , AiAv, zv gP U EAzs
Aq WlPU CrP.

58

PlP P w 2006

20. eP vAve
20.1 PlPz 2000-2003g U 40P Z eP vAve PAU
Cv qzPAr.
F tUAi U Aiiz Evg gdQAv az.
PlP F Pvz Cw Z Aq (ig 100 Pn) DPz.
gdzg Pq 90 g eP vAve PAU AUg U D
PAPvV. AUg P-eP vAve P tzU 90 JPg
eUz grPz. F P eUwP lz sv PAiU, Pz
zv, EAzs, zgAP U
gz. eP vAve g
sUU C Azwz P, DgU, PUjP PvU MUArz. 92
PAU MAz Azs U eP iw Pvz a CAzg 30
PAU PAi vV. Cz, . 20 jAz . 25 PAU P eP
vAve U DgU eP vAve Pvz vqVPArz.
sv
PAiUz iw vAve EvU gdP a ASAi PAU
DP gV.
20.2 gd eP vAve PAU U Pz P vgt wz.
UV 1999-2000 jAz 2003-2004 g CU PAU AS 35 jAz 92 Kjz
. 28g P tU vjz. eP vAve a Aq Ai
GAiiVz, gd Aq rPAi U tUAi PtVz,
P 61g zgz tUAiiVz. Cz jw g. 355 Pn EAz g.1700
PnU DzAi ZVz.
eP vAvez x Egz
gs
n v
Ez gdz UtAiV az g n
Uz. eP vAve Pvz g.117 Pn EAz g.750 PnAi
az gs 1999-2000 jAz 2003-04 .61.5g tU PArz. Ez
QAivV PVz.

Growth

t
U

PlPz eP vAvez tU
G r o w t h o f B T s e c t o r in K a r n a t a k a

2000
1500
1000
500
0
1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04*

Ye a r
N o O f C o m p a n ie s

In v es tm en t (R s . C ro res )

T o tal R ev en u e (R s . C ro res )

E xp o rt s (R s . In C ro res )

21. gvg Ptz PqU

21.1 Ez gv PAPv wAiizjAz gvg PtP a Mv PqPzz
CP. gv Ptz Ml Lz R CAU CqPV. zAizV
gvg Pv gvg Ptz M U avz. Ez t zs, sAi
t, Ai U, vAve P U sv PAiU
MUAr. zs sUU z igPm gvg Jgq Pt CAz

59

PlP P w 2006

CAvVz. F PvP Pz sv U Pr zgz

U sV sz gvg Pt AiiUz. P PUgg sv
U Cg wUw Mmg Gvz CAvVz. gAizV
Gvz zw v Gvz
igPmAi UtPtU DzAiz
ju gV. PAizV PlAz DgU U ifP
AW AU Pg Mmg gv Ptz CAvVz. F J
CAU gvg Mmg Pt azz, Pz Uwg Ug
JwrAiv.
21.2 ig 20P Z Dqv ESU, UU v AqU
gvg fA Cr gvV.
Dzg gvg PtPV
AtV vqVPArg MAz MAz ES Cvz. v gv
PtPV zs ESUz P Pt, Pt, id Pt
ESU zs AvAiU CrAi PAiRV.
Dzg gvg
PtPAz g vP . gvg U rP
ESUgzjAz gvg MAzqAz vAzqU NqqPVz. DzjAz
P ESAi "P U gvg Pt" ESAiAz g Pgt iq
CPv Ez.
22. gvg DgU AgPuU - Ai Ut DgU gPu Aid
PlP Pg Ai Ut DgU PfAid PAiP
gezAv ejUz Ez gvg DgU Z U DvAi DzvU
sjvz. F AidAi Ai U Evg gdU F PAiPz
CP AzV. EzgU 17 gdU wU PlPP sn r
F AidAi Cz U iw qz Ezg P gdU
RAwU jzg. wv g zAi Ai AidAi
Xz, Czg Pg F Aid Evg C gUU izjAiiVz JAz
wz. Cz jw gPsg A F PAiPz CzsAiz U DQ
vjz.
Pz
g
U
ig
50000
aQvU
F
AidAirAi
irz,
ig
Jgq
P
gvg
ggVUAz aQv qVz. Ez DgU PvzAi MAz
R zsAiiVz.
v F Aid P j AWU zjU iv sz Evg
gvjU Ez j CPv Ez U aQvAi gv v
Pz zRiqPVz.
gAi gvg DAiUz Pg gvjU P DgU s Uz
Egz Cg Dvv
U Pgt DVz.

60

PlP P w 2006

gv aQvUV zAijAz a rU qAiz U

Ezg evU sUz Cg Dvv
U PgtVz. F
Ai F AidAi E AivU gd Pg J
jwAi Aiv iqPVz. Pgt FUU F PAiP gz
Wvv gwU, Ugv zs AwU U Aid
DAiUz CzsPjAz AU vVz.
Ag U CU Aifg gd Pgz
t gP Aid P PPjU U qvz gSAi
PVgjU
PjAiiUzVz
Pg
W
V
CUPVz.
23. g u : Ag v
23.1 PlP gd PP AAi P P iglz sgAz
sVAiiUwz.
PlPAz gsUwg R UAzg : P, g
GvU, UqA, UQ, Ajz P Gv U Ag U. Pz
z Ml g it g.2000Az g.3000 PnU. P U g
GvU g Kjv PArzU UqA CvP DzAi 2004-05
g vAz Pnz. J AiU 2004-05 gdz P g Gv .
DzU g zxU gU a Mv Pq CPv Ez. PlP gd
P GvU Agu U gs U (PP) v Cq AU
AiUzAU Ml g. 10.95 Pn Zz P gs AiU
Vz. v F Ai UQ gU Dzv Pnz v PlPz
15000 JPg zz F Aiwz Ml 3000 gvg sVUVzg gz
F Ai Ml g g.150.00 PnU PlPz g.139.00
PnU.
F PAiPzrAi AUg, Pg, , vPg,
avzU, zsgq U UA fU
gv.
23.2 Ez jwAi P gs Ai U FgU 2002g Vz.
v U FgAi 10000 JPg zz AiUwz 5000 gvg
sVUVzg. F Ai Ml g v g.50.00 PnUz, AUg
U Pgz gvg Aid qzPArgvg. Cz jw P gs
Ai PAi Ugwz AUg, Pg, vPg, PqU,
zQt Pq, Gvg Pq U UA gvjU AiVz. Ezg evAi F
AiU , i, zQ, A, zA O U UAzs UU
j Gzz.

61

PlP P w 2006

PP-6 : PlPz gs Aiz l (Pn gU)

zx
1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06
P Gv
1183.93
957.53
881.42
730.65
757.57
705.05
1103.94
g Gv
521.24
772.39
672.24
746.09
967.99
898.80
1050.68
Ug v Ug
251.55
187.98
163.54
279.83
265.72
518.35
521.81
d
P Agt
195.33
237.91
349.51
366.99
361.25
362.41
384.11
Dg Gv
Ag
61.00
73.74
69.12
91.64
99.58
109.54
169.98
zxU
vAP r
16.25
3.23
2.70
3.72
0
0
0
AUg U
0
38.62
48.35
39.38
51.50
52.57
74.20
Fg
WgQ
0
0
120.00
139.00
140.70
141.30
213.96
U
40.66
40.00
40.00
42.00
44.00
50.00
50.00
Mmg P gs
2269.96
2311.40 2346.88
2439.31
2688.31 2838.50
3568.74
Ml gs
12854.25 16027.46 20145.58 29897.99 41670.24 63628.50 82276.60
Mmg g
17.66
14.42
11.65
8.16
6.45
4.53
E
Pqg P
gs
nt : K-2005, rAg-2005, J.. UtPj Dzsg PsP

23.3 v gdz P igl PlP gd P Gv Agu v gs

U (PP) gjwz. Ez PA PAi 1956 (K 1996) CAi
CvUArz, P, vlUjP U PAi GvU Gv, Agu
v gs Gvfvz. PP F AAzs DzsP vAveU Ugw
CUwz.
F A zU DAif iglUgg
U Pg sn , gAi v CAvgAi zU
sUz, PtP U DAifzjAz gvg Gvz U
GvzPv a wz. F A gAszVAz EAigU (31-82006) Ml 253455 .l P U vlUjP GvU l
irz Ml g. 40767 P t Uz, Ezg s g.775 PU.
PP zQ, zA, i, U, P, PAUr, vAU, , g,
DUq, tP, , Ap, AiPAw Ev U GvU
CjP, EAUAq, AUg, AP, Aii, ijAi, zs Z,
lQ, DAii, zgAq, QP, f gUU gs iqwz.
23.4 PP AAi m Ds Dg PAivg sv sUz
QAU, v UU gAz, eg v vv zz z
A, zA, zQ U
gUV gAz. Ez M g JPm
JAz C rVz. F AAi UQ v U FgAi P
gs Ai PAiU R AAiiVz.

62

PlP P w 2006

23.5 gdz P GvU igPmU C irPq F AAi v

rPVz.
F wAi gdz P GvU AguU CPvU CUtV
sv sU Av AvV MzV gdz P v
vlUjP GvU g ZP C irPqAvUP.
zs GvU zg v zU gdz zgAi
Rv PqUz.
F MAz Ai gdz gvg VUz CgU F PAiz
Cvv U qAig. gs nUV gvjU Gv
Utlz jPgU ggd iq PP AAi Sw rvz
v
jPgU
g
gd
Gvz
PAiPzAU
AUz.
Ez P v vlUjP Agu Pz vAwPvU
UgwP.
U GvU izsU EU CrPP.
P v vlUjP GvU AguUV vAwPvU PAqrAi
PP AAi Pjz U CU gdz gvg
CrzjAz Cg GvU gP Gvd PlAvUz.
P gz DPt zAi PP AAi zsvP
AAiiVz, PlPz CAvg glz g CU F AAi
gdAz wwz. EzgAU E Evg AiU P gz
gvU AidU EgzjAz PP AAi rz Cw
CP.
Uwg gvg UAU gdz RaAz P g zUU
Aif C P GvU igPm Aii jw DUzAz
jZUz. F jw w iqzjAz gvg C
Azvg.
g AAiq MAzAz GAmUzz juU
U AsAi WlUU ZU vAiij
q, PlP gdz 1999g vlUjP ESAi q.n.M.
P z.
g AAir, P MAzz AAzs
Gz C v W PAivAvU PPP g
g AAi WlP PlP PgP v g
Ai , P
ESAi g A P E Cvzzg t
Aid qAi Ez jwUUtV BvU
CPv
Ez. w Azsz QAiUU gPV q.n.M. P gd Pgz
C wAzsP z sgv Pgz td AvAiP
PjAiiUz. F P Ag U
rzgAU gdz vdgU C P Jgq sU
63

PlP P w 2006

KrP. PlP gdz gvg Jzjwg g lU

Ai P P Jgq jAiizg td AvAiP v
g iqUz.
24. P Agu
24.1 gvg dz DzAi VvVgz F wAi z
Rz AiU MAzVz. F DzAi ZUPzg Aiz
RZ PrAiiUP Cx igPm DzAi ZUP v
Pvg i aP. FVg AiAzg P GvU
Aj iglU z UAi iglUw. vAz
CAAzg P Gv Ai zswUAz iglV
gvU a DzAi jivVz. DzzjAz Pr RZ v
izs SAUV. evU,igPmAi P GvU U
wAi jrPVz. F Ai, F PPAqAv sgU
MzVVz.
24.2 Dg Agu Ai U Ai CPUz P Gv
A zPz zmUz JAz HVz. Dg AguAi
tUAi gvjU a CPU Pz.
EzjAz
GzUP ZV Ug v CgUgzg fl
CAiiUz.
A zPz sgv Pg Dg Agu
l v Eg . 2 jAz 10P a Uj Agvz.
24.3 PlP gd dASAi gz JAl zq gdV gdz
Gz wAirAi Dg Agu GU Dzv qVz. gd
Dg AguU Pz AU Az. Ez gz Ai
t GvzAi . 12 U vgPj GvzAi . 8 g
Az. gz Wvv gwUz q. J..e. C Pi
gdP Dg AguAi a xz JAz wv Ezg
C CPAz agvg.
24.4 Dg AgPu GvU ZU, Rj, QAU iqzjAz
Czg Rgu C azg evU a qAizVz.
Ez gvjU DPP vAzPqzVz gAiPvA
i Pr
iqvz. AguA
i GzUP zVz MAz P
AqP ig 1.27 GzU gV U 3.64 g
GzU gPV zVz. Ez PAi zvU U
jPgtP PjAiiVz, gvg v UPg zsz PArAiiVz.
evU UPjU DgU t Dg MzVvz. Ez UPjU t
U vgPj AgQv Dg J PzAi UAv iqvz.
F Ai iglz Kjvz vAzg vvz U Uv DzAi
sUvz.

64

PlP P w 2006

PP-7: gdz sg Dg Agt WlPU

P.
fU
A.
1.
AUg, vPg, , zsgq, ztUg,
Pg, PqU, zQt Pq, Gvg Pq, U

2. UA, eg, ztUg, UU, zg,
zsgq, j
3
Gvg Pq, zQt Pq
4
UU
5
6
7
8
9
10

AUg, g, zsgq
, aPUg, PqU
j, P, gAiZg, U, g,
Aq, ztUg, vPg
avzU, gAiZg, UzU, zsgq
vPg, zQt Pq, g, ZgdUg
AUg, Pg, Aq, g, ZgdUg,
PqU, avzU, U, zsgq, zg, UzU
,
Gvg v zQt Pq

Dg Agu WlPU
40 UgQ vgPj U t
Agu WlPU
40 Pg PSU
111 Ug Agu WlPU
128 zs zU Agu
WlPU (vUj )
50 n VgtU
65 P Agu WlPU
1700 CQ VgtU
23 Ju VgtU
50 vAV r WlPU
37 OAi v AUAzs
z U WlP

24.5 P wU CPv
PAz
Pgz
Dg
Agt
wAiAvAi
gdzAi
gUz. Ezg
s
vV Aii Aii P GvU,
AguU UP v Aii jw AjP JAz
wUz. Agu WlPU Aii Aii zU P
JAz g Zgzr zsjUz. C AiiAzg
1) PU P GvzAi sv 2) AdAq gAi UgwzAv
zU WlPU z 3) dP v SV
sVv, AiQPz Cx gvg Az Aqz s v.
Dg jgt WlPU z Dzsgz gAsj, MAz
jAiiw AidAi vAiij, Cw Azz zU WlPU
Gvd Pqz. F jAiiw AidAi FU PUjPUU
Pqwg AidAi izjAi Egvz.
gd Atz vAwP iwAi WlPU U Pqzz,
U AguAi jtvjAz
DyPV v vAwPV
Uz.
F J U PAPV Za, Dg
wAUU F WlPU Uz.
PP MAz wP WlPU Az z g zz
Uz. Cz PP AAi P GvU AguU PU
J Az v A PArU A Pqvz.

65

PlP P w 2006

PZ GvzPvAi Z ir AiUz U MAi gu

AP eAz (dP v SV), Azs v CU
a Mv v gV dU Dz, MAi igPm, a
tP MzVz v gvjU MzVz.
t t q d VP PgtUAz GvzvAi Kg-g,
t itz Ai, U Ez PZU ggd v
dU zswU Ai v, MAz P GvfUz.
Dg Agu PUjPUU 2006-2011g PUjP wAi CqVg
v EzP CAiUvz.
PP-8: zs Agt WlPU ag U v gAP
PU
P.A.
1.

14
15
16
17
18

Dg Agu WlPU
L.P.Js., WlP (Ajz v gs
iq WPjz vgPjU)
UgQ v Evg vgPj Agu
U n Vgt
t Agu (ss)
zQ Agu v vAiijP
t Agu
z z Agu
CQ Vgt evU vQ AiAv
AUr /t AUr WlP
CAdg dPgt
tP
Agu
v
NAig
t Agu v KQ jv
AUqu v QAU
zA
v
Evg
vlUjP
GvU gs
Q e Agu v
vAiijP
Agu v QAU
i t Agu
DUq Agu
CrP Agu
vAU Agu

19

OAi v UAzs z Agu

2.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

fU
zsgq v
UA
Gvg Pq, zQt Pq v U
AUg, Pg, eg, zg
Pg, AUg, zsgq
UU, zg
gAiZg v P / UAUw
eg
avzU / jAig, j
qV / j
PqU
PV, P
ztUg, jg, zsgq, UPm
zQt Pq
zsgq, Pg / g,
Pg, , UA, AUg
U, aPUg, Gvg Pq,
vPg, avzU, zQt Pq, ,
aPUg, AUg, Aq, g
g, zQt Pq

DzsP vUg PArU Gvfz (dAz Agu PAzP,

Agu PAzAz Ul jU) -AU PAzU v PAU CPvU d v ArAi wg z.
66

PlP P w 2006

rPzgU CPUAv Dg GzU z, Dg

Agt UAU eUjz, P igPm v GUtU
DzsPjz.
rPzgjU PU Aq AiP jAiiV AiU jwAi
rU MzVz v PAi Aq MzVz.
Dg Agu PUjPAi PP CAiP CUtV, PP
PUjP JAz Wz. F PUjPU 90 UVAv e
az P..n..J.U Pl P z w qz.
AUg Ug v UiAvg fU l Gz fUU zZQ
vjUAi AtV jAiiw, zsvZQ Gvz iq PU
z iglz vjUAi jAiiw zg . 4gAv z.
Dg Agt PUjPUU Gvd q v AidAi
g Dg Agt WlPU, gAi v CAvggAi
z
v PAiiUgU sUAv iqz.
PlP Pg zrUwg zP wAi vPt qUq
iqz.
AUg Ug v UiAvg fU
l Gz fU Dg
Agt WlPU vgA
ijU PU dU A v
Azt Z AtV jAiiw Pqz.
Dg Agt WlPU AtV (E.N.Ai) m Az
gVqz.
Dg Agt WlPU eUj PU Aq v
Dz irP GPgtUU P.Js.Js. v Evg tP
AU t MzVP.
zvZQ Pgv Eg zU Dg Agt WlPU
"P g dg" WlPU Pg CP
PqP v Aiiz vjUAi gz.
P zAiU, PUjPzU, eU v Pj w
UUAq WlPU z. F WlPU g P v
vlUjP AiU P iqz gUg U QP
PU AixZV z V Uz. Cz,
vU AguU CPUAv Crz.
dP v SV WlPUU Dg Agt WlPU
Gvd Pqz. EzPV MAz z Ai z.
vlUjP ES, P ES, P zAiU Mqvzg
d "P P " v gdz g g U Dg
Agt WlPU qz.

67

PlP P w 2006

i P ag CzsPvAi v zs PAizU/
PAizU (Dg Agu v Pvg vAwPv) z
PAizAiiV MAz PAiP qAi gaz. F wU
"Dg Agu Gj jv" JAz jz.
F jw
zgUV Dg Azs AU, Dg Agt PUjPU,
zAiU, tP AU wU MUArgv.
F
wAi zsAizU
Ag U zsjUz.
RV Utl, Dg Agu WlPU w zr
PAiUvUz. Cz Dg AgtP AAz Utl CzP
AAz v Czg gPv U wAirz. F U U
CsUAz PV wAi zu iqUz.

25 g P : t UP PAiP
25.1 PlP Er zzAi gAi Gv AZt gdVz,
zz Ml GvzAi 15,400 l g P GvzAi PlP
7,471 .l g gAi Gvwz. Ez P Dzsjv
UrPUjPAiiVz AUjU Azz UUU, C ASvg, j
ew v j Uz djU GzU Pvz. F g Gzz
MAz Pg g Ai r 13 djU GzU MzVvz.
A zPz g GvzAi 7,471 . lUAz 20,000 . lUU
a GzVz. FUU g P Uj lz rg fU
l F PAi , Aq, vPg, avzU, UA, UPm,
j v zg fU
U jz.
25.2 FV sUP jwAi Gv Utl gAi Cw a
itz Gvz CAi. DzjAz F PPAq jw wUU a
DzsvAi PqPUz.
Pq 80QAv ZV SV GzU g z evz
iqwzg. Gv Utlz evzAi PU U
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