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) ( SI.
:
- ) ( m ) ( mm
- ) (m 2 ) ( mm 2
- ) ( KN ) (KN/m
) (KN/m 2 ) (Kpa.
- ) ( )(Kg/m 3
- ) ( )(KN/m 3
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) (MN/m 2 . .
- ) ( KN.m

22

- ) ( C

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.
) ( ISO .

.
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139
90 . 90 .

25

. .
.

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= B

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I

= k
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lu

= ) (

= r
S

= SF

27

28

Sr

= S u
= T
W

= WL

= D

= E
f

= c
= n
= m
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29

-0-10

:
- .
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:
.
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:

.
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31

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. 2-2-2-10 -2-10
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. 5 10 .
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.

.
6-10 .

34

-3-2-10
-1-3-2-10

2-3-2-10 3-3-2-10 .

4-3-2-10 .
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.
.
3-5-10 . " " f
.
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.
.
2-2-5-10 . " "
m .
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35

. " " n n

. 4-5-10 .

-3-10
-1-3-10
-1-1-3-10

.
3-5-10 .
-2-1-3-10 " " .

.
-3-1-3-10
.
lu

r

k .

-2-3-10
-1-2-3-10 :
) -1-10 (

E c = 5000 f c

-2-2-3-10 200/000 .

36

-3-2-3-10 10 10-6 .
-4-2-3-10 0/0002 .
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.

.
.
.
.

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.
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37

.
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-4-10
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.
.
-
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-2-4-10
139 " " .
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463 "
.

38

-4-4-10
.
3-5-10 .
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" "
" " .
3-5-10 2-6-10 .

-5-10
-1-5-10
:
) -2-10 (

Su Sr

Sr Su
. Sr Su 2-5-10 3-5-10 .
-2-5-10 Sr
-1-2-5-10 Sr

.
-2-2-5-10
:

39

C = 0.6

S = 0.85

-3-2-5-10
:
- :
- :
- :
- :
-3-5-10 Su
-1-3-5-10 Su

.
.
-2-3-5-10
.
) -3-10 (

) S u = 1.25 ( x . X

X x
.
.

40

f 2-3-2-10
1.25 x.
D E 3-3-5-10 4-3-5-10 .
. 6-3-5-10
.
3- 5-10 x

EQ

LF

WL

SF

CF

L+I

1.3

0.3

0.3

:
:D

:L

:I

:CF

:E

:B

:SF

:W

41

:WL
:LF

:T

)
(

:EQ
-3-3-5-10 D .

D 0/75 .
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-

1/3

1/15

0/5

1/0

-5-3-5-10 L+I ) (1

.
-6-3-5-10
:

42

) -4-10 (

] S u = 1.25[D + 1.3( L + I ) + E

-7-3-5-10
.

-4-5-10
-1-4-5-10
n n
:
) -5-10 (

Su n .Sr

) -6-10 (

n Su S r

Sr Su 1-5-10 n n
2-4-5-10 .
-2-4-5-10 n n
. n .2-8-13

-6-10
-1-6-10

.
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.

43

-3-6-10 m
.
-4-6-10
.

-7-10
-1-7-10
.
45
.

. 4-3-10 .
-2-7-10 .
-3-7-10
.

-8-10
-1-8-10 T
-1-1-8-10 T
.

44

-2-1-8-10

. :


-3-1-8-10
:
-

-
-4-1-8-10 T
.
.
-5-1-8-10 T
.
-
. T
.
350
.

45

-6-1-8-10 T

.
.
-2-8-10
-1-2-8-10 .
2-2-8-10 T
6-1-8-10 .

-9-10
-1-9-10
4-15 .
.
-2-9-10
150 .
.
-3-9-10
.

46

-10-10
-1-10-10
.
.
.

.
-2-10-10 12
12

.

-00-11
= Ag
= Ast
b

Es

= ) (

fc

= ) (

fy

= ) (

Ig

Mu

Nr

Nu

yt

47

48

-0-11

.
.

. .

-4-11

-3-4-11
80
85 3-11
. 6-3-11 :
-
) -1-11 (

-
) -2-11 (

N r max = 0.8 0.85c f c (Ag Ast ) + s f y Ast

N r max = 0.85 0.85c f c (Ag Ast ) + s f y Ast

49

-2-5-11

-1-2-5-11 ) 2-2-5-11 (3-2-5-11

1/2
1.2 Mcr . 2-2-2-14
.

:
- :
fc

) -3-11 (

fy

h
d

min = 0.14

- :
I g / yt f c
2
bd f y

min = 0.85

) -4-11 (
- T
) -5-11 (

I g / yt I g / yt f c

bd 2 bd 2 f y

min = 0.830.7 +

50

-10-11

-4-10-11
25 .

-11-11
-1-11-11
-1-1-11-11 35
. .
35
.

-2-1-11-11 15
6-3-11 .
3-11 .
-3-1-11-11
15 0/003 15

. 0/003 .
-4-1-11-11

.

51

-5-1-11-11 2-1-11-11 4-1-11-11

6-3-11
:
15 .
15 25 25 .
25 35 25 .

-2-11-11
-1-2-11-11 0/008
0/08 .
.

-2-2-11-11
. .

-3-2-11-11 1/5
300 .

-4-2-11-11 1/25
300 .

52

-5-2-11-11
. 135 90
.
6 600
.

-6-2-11-11
90 .

.

-7-2-11-11
.
U .

-12-11
-1-12-11 Mux Muy
Nu 0.15c Ag 3-11
.
) -6-11 (

1
1
1
1
=
+

N r N rx N ry N r 0

:
Nr ex e y .

53

Nrx e x .
Nry e y .
Nr0 .
x y :

) -7-11 (

M ux
Nu

= ex

M
e y = uy
Nu

-2-12-11 Nu 0.15 c Ag
Mux Muy .
:
) -8-11 (

M ux M uy
+
1.0
M rx M ry

-00-12
= bv
= bw
= bo
d

fc

fy

= Mu -
S

vc

= ) -2-12(

Vc

= Vrh
Vu

= Vuh
w

As
=
bw d

55

56

-0-12

.
.
. .

-3-12

-1-1-3-12 :
Vc = vc bw d

) -1-12 (
vc :
) -2-12 (

fc

v c = 0 . 2 c

bw :
- T:

- :

- :

1/2
.

d .
0/8 .

57

-17-12
1-17-12

-2-1-17-12
.
2-12 6-12 .
4-1-17-12 .

-4-1-17-12 600
Vc ) ( 6-12 .

Vd
Vc = 1.1vc + 22 w u bw d
Mu

) -3-12 (
Vc 2vcbwd .

Vc
1.5vcbwd
1.25vcbwd .
Vu d
Vc
Mu

. Mu

Vu .
600
Vc .

58

-2-17-12

6-2-17-12 -7-2-17-12
.

-3-17-12
2-17-12 .

-4-17-12
.

-5-17-12

-3-5-17-12 Vu
.
-1-2-17-12
Vc
2-5-17-12
bo d

. Vc

4-2-17-12 .

-19-12
-1-19-12
.
.

59

-2-19-12 3-19-12
4-19-12 .
.

-3-19-12
:
) -4-12 (

Vu Vrh

Vu : Vrh
.
-

:
) -5-12 (

Vrh = 0.4bv d

- 5-19-12

:
) -6-12 (

Vrh = 0.4bv d

- 5-19-12

5 :
) -7-12 (

Vrh = 1.5bv d

60

- 5-19-12
)( Vrh

-5-12 0.0025ybvd .
bv d
.
-4-19-12
.
Vuh < Vrh

) -8-12 (

Vuh :

Vrh
3-19-12 .
d .

-5-19-12
:
) -9-12 (

Av = 0.35bv S / f y

S . S
300 .

. .

61

-00-13
hs

= H u
k

= M 1s

= M 2 s

Nc

Nu

62

-0-13
.

. .

-3-13
-1-3-13 .
1-13 0/05
.
N u u
H u hs

) -1-13 (

=Q

N u H u u
hs .


-1-13

Nu Hu .

" " .

-8-13
-3-8-13

-4-3-8-13 s M 1s s M 2s
-2-13 .

63

) -2-13 (

Ms
Ms
Nu
1
n N c

= s M s

n = 0.65 N u
N c
.
.
.
N c 11 -13 13-13 k 11-13
3-5-13 4-5-13 .

-9-13
.

-12-13

-2-12-13 9-13 .

00-14
Ask

ff

= f min
h

65

66

-0-14
.

. .

.

.
" "
.

-1-14

-1-1-14
.
.

-2-14

-3-1-2-14
.

67

-2-2-14

-3-2-2-14 3-1-2-14 .
-3-2-14

-2-3-2-14 3-1-2-14 .

-4-2-14

-1-4-2-14
1
1
.

300
800

.
1
1

375 1000

2-4-2-14 7-4-2-14 .

-5-2-14
-1-5-2-14
.

68

-1-5-2-14

1.2(+3000) / 30

(+3000) / 30200

0.070

0.065

0.060

0.055

0.035

0.030

-3-14

-4-1-3-14 T
.
-
.
.
0/004 .

5-1-3-14 600 Ask

(d 750) 150
d 2 .
.
d 6 300 .
.

6-1-3-14 T

69

.
T
.

7-1-3-14 T
90 .

.

-8-1-3-14
0/004 0/005
. 300
.
.

-4-14
-1-4-14 f f
" " :
) -1-14 (

)f f max = 145 0.33 f min + 55(r / h

:
: f f max
: f min .

70

: r / h .
0/3 .

-2-4-14
8-1-4-18 .

-3-4-14
.

-4-4-14 .

71

-0 0-15
a b

b2 b1

d
=
2

b1 . b2
E

le

Mu

M uf

M uv

NB

NL

72

Pa

Pb

b .

PR

wa

a .

wb

b .

73

-0-15
.
.
.

.

.

. .


.
.

.

-1-15

. -
.
.

74

-2-15
-1-2-15


.

-2-2-15
-1-2-2-15

.
-2-2-2-15 :


.


.

-3-2-15
-1-3-2-15
.

75

2 -5 -11 . 3-15
.
-2-3-2-15
.

-4-2-15
-1-3-2-15 Mu
M uf
M uv .
M uf :
) -1-15 (

Mu
2 b1
1+
3 b2

= Muf

-2-4-2-15 M uf 1/5
.
.
-3-4-2-15
Muv 5-17-12
.

-3-15
-1-3-15

76

-1-1-3-15
.
7-8 .
-2-1-3-15 350
.
-3-1-3-15
150
.
-4-1-3-15
.
.
-5-1-3-15
.
-2-3-15
-1-2-3-15
. 600
.

77

-2-2-3-15
:
:) -2-15 (

R = 55 / le 50%

:) -3-15 (

R = 120 / le 67%

le 2-2-15.
-3-2-3-15
.
.

-4-15
-1-4-15
-1-1-4-15

.

.
-2-1-4-15
20
. .

78

2-4-15 4-4-15
5 -4 -15 .
-3-1-4-15 .

.
.
.
5-5-4-15 .
-2-4-15
-1-2-4-15
.
1/5 .

.
-2-2-4-15
.
3-2-4-15 -15
4-2-4 .

79

-3-2-4-15

:
- :

le + 0.6
PR
9.6

) -4-15 (

= M

:
: le 2-2-15 . le 0/6 7/20
.
: p R .
.
- :

-4-15 .
-4-2-4-15

E .
2E
.
) -5-15 (

E = 1.2 + 0.06le 2.1m

80

-5-2-4-15
.

.

-3-4-15
-1-3-4-15
.
1/5 .
-2-3-4-15

.
) -6-15 (

b4
w
a4 + b4
a4
w
a4 + b4

= wa

= wb

) -7-15 (

b3
Pa = 3
P
a + b3
a3
P
a 3 + b3

= Pb

81

:w

: wb , wa b, a
:P

: Pb , Pa b , a
: b, a

-3-3-4-15

2-3-4-15 .

-4-4-15
-1-4-4-15 E
.
.
- :
E = 0 .8 X + 1 .1

) -8-15 (
- :
) -9-15 (

E 2.1m

E = 0.35 X + 1.0

X .
P .
) -10-15 (

M = P. X / E

-2-2-4-15 :
E -8-15 .

82

E .
E = 0.8 X + 1.5

) -11-15 (

-5-4-15
-1-5-4-15
-1-1-5-4-15
.
-2-1-5-4-15
.
-2-1-5-4-15

I T -

S/2.1
)(S 3.0
S/2.0
)(S 1.8
S/2.4
)(S 3.6
4-5-4-15

S/1.7
)(S 4.2
S/1.8
)(S 3.0
S/2.1
)(S 4.8

83

S .
S
.
-3-1-5-4-15
:
- I T
.
- We/2.1 We
.

We .
-
%25

.
- .
-4-1-5-4-15 -
.

-2-5-4-15

-1-2-5-4-15
.

84

-2-2-5-4-15
.
S/1.8 . S 1/8
.

-3-5-4-15

-1-3-5-4-15
.
.
T
.
-2-3-5-4-15
.
-3-3-5-4-15
:
S / D 1/ 0

) -12-15 (

DF = S / D

:
S
:D .
C 5.0
C > 5 .0

D = (1.7 0.15 N L ) + 0.21N L (1 0.2C ) 2

D = 1.7 0.15 N L

85

) -13-15 (

w / L 1 .0

C = kw / L

w / L 1 .0

C=k

] k = [(1 + ) I / J

1/ 2

: N L
:w
:L .

:
:I
:j
:
T:) -14-15 (

1
) J = x 3 y (1 0.63 x / y
3

:) -15-15 (
:
:x T
:y T
:b
:d
:t
: t f

2t.t f (b t ) 2 (d t f ) 2
2

bt + dt f t 2 t f

=J

86

I J :
J
. J
.
I/J -13-15 25 45

.
-4-3-5-4-15 k -13-15
.
-

K= 0.7

K= 0.8

K= 1.0

- T

K= 2.2

-4-5-4-15

-1-4-5-4-15
:
DF = 2 N L / N B + kS / L

) -16-15 (

k = 0.23w N L (0.1N L 0.26) 0.2 N B 0.12

:
: N L
: N B :
:S :

4 N B 10
2 .0 S 3 . 3

87

:L
10 w 20

:w :

-2-4-5-4-15
.
2 N L / N B .

-5-5-4-15

-1-5-5-4-15
. :

.
-2-5-5-4-15 :
:) -17-15 (

M + = 0.1PR l

) -18-15 (
:
: PR
:l

M + = M = 0.08 PR l

88

-6-5-4-15

.
.

89

-0-16
.
.

.
.


. .
.

-7-16
-1-7-16
-1-1-7-16
.
.

90

-2-1-7-16 10
30 .
.
.
-3-1-7-16

.
.
-4-1-7-16
.
.
.
-5-1-7-16

.
.
-6-1-7-16
3-7-8 .
10 300 .

91

-2-7-16
-1-2-7-16

.
-2-2-7-16
.
-3-2-7-16
.
.
.
-4-2-7-16

d .

93

-0-17

. .

.

.
.
.

. .
.

.

94

2-17

-2-2-17
.

.
-1-2-2-17
.
-2-2-2-17
.
-3-2-2-17
.
.
-4-2-2-17
.
.

.

95

-8-17

-1-8-17
-1-1-8-17
.
.
50 .
-2-1-8-17
.


.

.
-3-1-8-17
750 .
250 .
300
.
-4-1-8-17 - -
150 . 150

96

250 .
.
-5-1-8-17
.

0/005 .
.
-6-1-8-17
. .
-7-1-8-17
.
.
.
-8-1-8-17
.

97

-2-8-17
-1-2-8-17 .

.
-2-2-8-17 90000
145000 .
200 . 600 .
25 .
-3-2-8-17
.
.
-4-2-8-17 .

.
1/20 .
-5-2-8-17
. 150
6 . 600

98

75 . 150
25 .
-6-2-8-17 50 .
60
.
-7-2-8-17 .
.

-3-8-17
-1-3-8-17

-1-1-3-8-17

. .
0/8 3
.
-2-1-3-8-17
. 150 6
.

99

-3-1-3-8-17
50 .

75 .
-4-1-3-8-17 .
.
-2-3-8-17

-1-2-3-8-17 .
2-2-8-17.
-2-2-3-8-17
.
.
-3-2-3-8-17 3
. 1/5
.
-4-2-3-8-17
.
.

100

-5-2-3-8-17 .
.

-3-3-8-17

-1-3-3-8-17 500 .
150 .
.
-2-3-3-8-17
.

.
-3-3-3-8-17 3

.
-4-3-3-8-17
.
30
. 150 .

101

-5-3-3-8-17
.
.

.
-6-3-3-8-17 .
.
.
-7-3-3-8-17
.
-8-3-3-8-17
.

103

-0-18
.
.
.
.

-1-18

-2-1-18
.
.

104

-4-18
-1-4-18

-8-1-4-18
f f
:
- N cyc 1,000,000
f f max .
8-1-4-18 f f max

Mpa
85 125

85

30

- 1,000,000
.
) -1-18 (

) f f max = 170(6 LogN cyc

f f max -1-14 .
-1-14 .

105

.

.
.

139
90 . 90 .

107

- 00-20
Ac

= .

= Ach .

= Acv

Ag

Aj

= Ash s
hc
Avf

fc

fy

f yh

108

hc

) (

lo

Mn

= M pr
Mr

Nu

Vr

= Vrg

Vu

vc

.
ACV

109

-0-20


.

.
.
.


. .
.
.

.
.
.

.

.
.
.
.

110

.
.

.
. .
.


.

.

.

-1-20
-1-1-20

.
-2-1-20
.

111

-3-1-20

.

-2-20

2/5
.
.
. .

-4-1-6-20
.

. .

112

135 8 100
. .

135
8 100 90
8 .
. 90
.
M n

. 1/15
Mn = 1.15 Mr .
M pr

f s = 1.25 f y
f s ) c = s = 1 (.

113

-3-20
-1-3-20 20 )
( .
-2-3-20
400 ) (
. :

125 ) ( .
1/25.

114

-3-3-20
.
-4-3-20
5-3-1-6-20 .
.

-4-20
-1-4-20

R=1 EQF
R EQM .
) -1-20(
:
:A
:B
:I
:R
:W
.

ABI
W
R

=V

115

-2-4-20


.
- ) (:
) -2-20 (

)Su = 1.0 (D + B + SF + E + EQM

-
) -3-20 (

)Su = 1.0 (D + B + SF + E + EQF

EQM EQF
1-4-20 .

-3-4-20


.
.

M pr .
M pr c = s =1.0
1.25y .

1-3-4-20 2-3-4-20 .

116

-1-3-4-20
:

:
- :
.
.
4-4-20 .
- :
.

:
: : : -2-3-4-20

.

. :
- .
- ) (
.
- .

117

- .
.
.
-
.
- ) (
.
.
:
: )( : : -4-4-20

.
:
.
.

-5-20
-1-5-20

2-5-20 3-5-20

118

2-4-20 .

.
.

.
-2-5-20
:
: 3-4-20 : 2-4-20 : 3-4-20
.
.
: 2-4-20
: 2-4-20
: 2-4-20

119

-3-5-20

2-4-20 -20
2-5 .
4-4-20
.

.

-6-20

. .
-1-6-20
-1-1-6-20

2-5-20 .
.
:
) -4-20 (

M u n .M r

Mu 2-5-20
Mr n .
0.2c

120

0/65 0/65 1/0 0.2c

.
-2-1-6-20

2-5-20 .

0.1c vc 4-12
0.1c .
-3-1-6-20

-1-3-1-6-20
. .
S 400
. 4-8-11
.
-2-3-1-6-20 200 .

-3-3-1-6-20
.
. 60 400
.

121

-4-3-1-6-20
100 .
-5-3-1-6-20 6-1-4-18 7-1-4-18

600 .
-4-1-6-20

-1-4-1-6-20 " l o "

2-4-1-6-20 5-4-1-6-20
. l o
:


450
:

450 .
-2-4-1-6-20 :
s
:
) -5-20 (

fc
f yh

s = 0.12

122

) -6-20 (

fc
f yh

) 1

Ag
Ac

( s = 0.45

Ash
:
) -7-20 (
) -8-20 (

f c Ag
()
) 1
f yh Ach

Ash = 0.3( s.hc

fc
f yh

Ash = 0.12 s.hc

-3-4-1-6-20 8
:
-
-
100 -
-4-4-1-6-20
.
90 .
90
.
-5-4-1-6-20
350 .

123

-6-4-1-6-20 .
.
-7-4-1-6-20
400
.
-8-4-1-6-20
8 .


200 .
-2-6-20
-1-2-6-20

3-5-20 .
1-5-20 .
-2-2-6-20

-1-2-2-6-20
3-5-20 .
:

124

) -9-20 (

) Vr = Acv (vc + s n f y

n Acv .
1-5-20 .
-2-2-2-6-20
.
-3-2-2-6-20
.
-3-2-6-20

-1-3-2-6-20 0/0025
.
-2-3-2-6-20 350
.
-3-3-2-6-20
.

125

-3-6-20
-1-3-6-20
. 1-5-20
.
-2-3-6-20
1.25y.
-3-3-6-20 -1-6-20
2-4 .
.
-4-3-6-20
.
) -10-20 (

Vrj = 6.0 vc Aj

vc 4-12 .
-4-6-20
-1-4-6-20 8-9 .
5-3-13-12 .

126

-2-4-6-20
2-2-13-12 .
.
) -11-20 (

) Vr = (s Avf f y + 0.75 N u

Nu 5-20
0/9.

-5-6-20
-1-5-6-20

.
600
.
.
-2-5-6-20 1200
-4-1-6-20 . 75
.
-3-5-6-30 .
./75 .
10 225 .

127

1200
4-1-6-20 75 .
-4-5-6-20
25 .

-1 -
1379
-2 -
1383
-3 -
1384
-4
1377
-5 -
1382
-6 -
1379
-7 2800-84
1384
-8 20196 74/4/18
1376
-9
1387 463

10- Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, AASHTO, 2002

11- Standard Specification for Highway Bridges, AASHTO LRFD, 2002

12- Analysis and Design of Reinforcement Concrete Bridge Structures, ACI-ASCE

Committee 343, ACI Manual of Concrete Practice, 1995
13- Guide for Concrete Highway Bridge Deck Construction, ACI Committee 345,
ACI Manual of Concrete Practice, 1995
14- Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, CAN/CSA-S6-00, 2000
15- Commentary on Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, CAN/CSA-S6-00,
2000
16- Design of Concrete Structures, Canadian Standard Association A23-3-004,
2004

131

132

133

Synopsis

Synopsis
Iranian Concrete Code of practice for Analysis and Design of building
structures, known as ABA, was published in 1990, by the State
Management and Planning Organization, under the title of publication
No.120, and has been revised once since then. Although this code
covers all aspects of concrete structures, its main focus is on
buildings. It has been a goal that special features of other types of
structure be published as appendices to this code. A number of these
appendices have been published so far.
The present code of practice is for the analysis and design of concrete
bridges, and is regarded as an appendix to ABA. The title number of
the publication is 389. The code consists of twenty chapters, as in
ABA. The first nine chapters which deal with concrete and
reinforcement properties as well as general provisions for the analysis
and design of structures, are identical to ABA itself, and for this
reason are not repeated here. In the remaining eleven chapters the
arrangement is such that only those items which have been changed or
somehow developed have been dealt with. Therefore, one can follow
ABA itself, and find the particularities of the bridges in this code.
In bridge structures the main difference with buildings is the
configuration of the superstructure and mainly the deck. The deck
usually has a long span and is under wheel concentrated loads. The
design of the deck is completely different from building slabs, and
needs special considerations and naturally has special requirements.
Chapter fifteen of the appendix deals with the design of decks and
thus is completely different from ABA.
Foundations in bridges are usually of the deep type. In these
structures, pile foundations are mostly used. Chapter seventeen

Synopsis

focuses on these elements, and special requirements for piles are

discussed.
The behavior of bridges under dynamic earthquake loading is mostly
similar to an inverted pendulum, and columns or pile columns are
under severe effects. Ductile behavior of the structure, which plays a
significant role in resisting earthquake loading, is concentrated in the
columns. Thus columns and piers or bents in bridges require special
considerations for earthquake loading. Chapter twenty of the appendix
concentrates on this subject, and has been completely revised.

The Islamic Republic of Iran

Vice Presidency for Strategic Planning and Supervision

The Code of Practice for the Analysis and Design

of Concrete Bridges
Publication No.389

Appendix to Iranian Concrete Code of Practice for

Analysis and Design of Building Structures

Office of Deputy for Strategic Supervision

Bureau of Technical Execution System