:

standards

.....


.....
: Martin Baldwin-Edwards
: , Ph.D.
:

, 15 2004

Digitally signed by
MBE
DN: CN = MBE
Reason: I am the
author of this
document
Location: Athens
Date: 2005.02.17
14:39:02 +02'00'


Acknowledgments

ii

A
1990-2004

, 2001

2003-4

10

16

21

..

23

26

:

, ,

27

35

39

A
Draft proposal, Version 19/05/04, for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council,
on Community Statistics on International Migration, Citizenship, Residence Permits and Asylum
Explanatory Notes
B


2001



.
,
.
.


:

.


..
.

.

.

,
.. ..

.
.
2001, ,
.

ii


. ,
.
:

.

1990.
,
. ,
2001
, .
.

.

.

http://www.mmo.gr

iii



1990 2004
1990,
,

.

, , ,
, 1997,
. , 6 , 327.000

. , , 1-3
, .
228.000
.
2001 762.000
.
, .. . ,
(. )

. 2001 (6)
.

.
150-200.000.

 2001 (.2910/2001)
, 368.000 ,
220.000 .
.
-328.000 2002
.
2004,
.
.

. ,

.

ius
sanguinis ,

.
:
.
(. . . ) 1990

. 2130 1993

.
2790 2000 4864/8/8/2000
,
.


.
.
. (
)
4000/3/10-/2001.

.


. 1990,

.
.

.
150.000 . ,
2000, ,
. ,
200.000.
350.000
. ,


() .

.
: (
) ,
3



. 1
.

.
1
.1
1
1988 , (5)
. 1991 1997,
..
(1997, 2001)
.
.
1991
..
. 2001
( )
1 100.000
. ,
1 .

.

,
.

.

1,200,000

1:
( ) , 1988-2004
1,000,000

800,000

600,000

( 1996, 2000, 2003)

400,000

"
" ()
, (
2001)
(1998, 2001)

200,000

0
1988

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

 1
.
,
,
.
13%

, .
2004 (
) 900.000
.. ... .
.. 950.000.
200.000
2001
8,5%.
1,15 ,
10,3% . ,

.

 :
2001
762.191
7% .
48.560 .. ,
17.426 .
690.000 ( )
( 18 )
.

2
56% . (5%),
(3%) (3%). , , ,
2%
. , ..
50%
.

3,
.
, .
(, )
. .
80%.
. ,
70%.
60% .
(, , ..., , , , ,
50-60%
. 1,4%

 2: , 2001

 3: , 2001

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

 ,
.

80% (15-64),
68% .
. ,

(17% 15% ).
1
. , (. ,
, ) -
85+ . 1
( ..) 18 2004
. 592.159
15+ 2001 .


. 1 & 2

0 25%.
..
(13-25%) (, ,
, ),
. (0-1,7%)
,
. 3 & 4 ,
.

 1: , , 2001

Total

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80-84

85+

5,333,676

268,909

277,880

302,226

376,112

426,851

422,649

428,742

382,753

380,847

351,808

335,150

269,247

296,481

290,253

246,061

144,173

78,406

55,128

11

4,997,874

251,336

258,167

281,107

346,375

380,799

372,993

386,245

350,475

354,341

333,834

323,120

262,509

291,375

286,650

243,634

142,780

77,625

54,509

18,810

956

1,082

1,074

1,087

1,121

1,337

1,688

1,777

1,626

1,475

1,482

1,236

1,167

737

475

279

136

75

574

46

50

56

25

28

33

30

48

34

48

42

35

35

36

16

292,437

16,082

17,754

18,828

26,788

40,828

45,729

38,390

28,265

22,811

14,672

9,038

4,752

3,268

2,339

1,480

701

382

330

11,680

348

655

946

962

1,222

1,505

1,382

1,308

1,191

871

495

226

229

125

85

65

35

30

12,301

141

172

215

875

2,853

1,052

1,007

880

844

908

973

489

407

366

371

340

224

184

12
13

14

15

16

335,802

17,573

19,713

21,119

29,737

46,052

49,656

42,497

32,278

26,506

17,974

12,030

6,738

5,106

3,603

2,427

1,393

781

619

51,838

1,253

1,435

1,845

2,938

7,786

10,095

8,935

6,438

4,635

2,858

1,566

715

571

353

222

105

51

37

12,708

458

661

876

923

1,110

1,207

987

967

817

693

754

666

706

664

576

370

176

97

10,417

440

270

204

241

838

1,731

2,323

1,782

1,110

607

370

193

109

58

56

39

28

18

4,193

129

193

237

249

325

443

489

351

203

148

237

266

306

265

216

74

38

24

414,958

19,853

22,272

24,281

34,088

56,111

63,132

55,231

41,816

33,271

22,280

14,957

8,578

6,798

4,943

3,497

1,981

1,074

795

5,464,251

255,945

262,225

278,182

342,431

393,732

404,770

420,991

384,352

388,565

353,442

346,042

287,216

340,117

330,356

296,807

183,566

109,201

86,311

11

5,174,032

239,629

244,124

259,446

320,163

361,153

366,991

386,091

355,245

363,072

334,692

333,191

280,241

334,643

326,626

293,715

181,527

108,053

85,430

28,087

946

980

939

1,175

1,480

2,328

3,613

4,165

3,327

2,438

2,091

1,603

1,216

670

476

351

158

131

1,099

50

54

40

41

50

79

123

158

150

90

84

61

48

31

17

11

222,433

14,870

16,203

16,610

17,528

26,175

30,638

27,108

20,901

17,834

12,638

8,186

4,229

3,235

2,370

1,840

1,036

602

430

15,698
422

348,552

332,432

**************

12
13

14

15

16

25,537

320

706

960

1,076

2,472

4,057

3,402

3,017

3,184

2,772

1,782

666

503

190

202

135

44

49

13,063

130

158

187

2,448

2,402

677

654

866

998

812

708

416

472

469

557

506

337

266

881

290,219

16,316

18,101

18,736

22,268

32,579

37,779

34,900

29,107

25,493

18,750

12,851

6,975

5,474

3,730

3,092

2,039

1,148

31,379

1,092

1,363

1,645

1,921

2,639

3,480

4,115

4,039

3,695

2,853

1,787

852

774

452

328

175

88

81

14,548

405

576

719

854

1,119

1,533

1,632

1,508

1,293

1,019

932

664

636

559

537

309

136

117

5,265

398

228

215

231

594

902

863

626

378

270

177

115

69

62

61

35

22

19

4,827

131

195

214

223

337

507

747

537

343

239

304

268

290

211

145

69

41

26

346,238

18,342

20,463

21,529

25,497

37,268

44,201

42,257

35,817

31,202

23,131

16,051

8,874

7,243

5,014

4,163

2,627

1,435

1,124

25,222
955

285,904

259,727

592,159

 2004, Mediterranean Migration Observatory

 2004, Mediterranean Migration Observatory

 2004, Mediterranean Migration Observatory

 2004, Mediterranean Migration Observatory

 ( ..)
, 132.000 17%
. 27.000
7% .
. ( , ,
).
..
, 6,4% .

(, , , , , ,
). , ..
, ,
.

..
.
, ,
(.. 1-3% , ,
) 7%.
(.. , ) 8%
17%.

-
-
,
: , 1-5 5 .
4 .
5
, 40% . ,

160,000

4: , 2001,
,
140,000

120,000

100,000
>5 A
15 A

80,000

<1

60,000

40,000

20,000

 ,
5 .
1- 5 ,
, .
5 , .

, :
, .
2001,

8 , 80%
5 .


, 2003- 2004

,
.
,

. ,
.
:
I. ,
II. ( 1
2003) , , , .
, 6 2004, 15/01/04,
15/03/04, 15/05/04, 15/07/04 16/09/04.

16 2004.
5, 683.324
,
2004 [ 509.168 250.068 ].
,

, .
, ,
: 16 2004, 432.932
683.324 .
:

2003 2004.
10

 5: , 2004
800,000

700,000

600,000

15/01/2004
500,000

15/03/2004
15/05/2004

400,000

15/07/2004
16/09/2004

300,000

200,000

100,000


,
.
2004 (509.000)
. , 2004
700.000 .
592.159 . 1417, , ,

.

432.120
344.526 15+ 2001.
6
2003- 2004, .
, 66.787 , 29.108
23.008 .
, ( )
( )
,
,
: , , ,
, .
, 7 ,
( , , , ,
, ).
, 6.7%: , .


. 8

11

 6: ,
2003-4

0.9%

0.7%

2.3%

1.5%

1.6%

1.7%

2.2%

2.4%

3.4%

4.3%

9.8%

63.2%

...
....

 7: , 2003-4
0.2%
0.3%

0.6%

1.8%

0.1%
0.1%

9.4%
1.1%
0.1%

6.7%

80%

600,000

8: 2003-4 2001

500,000

400,000

2003-4

300,000

2001, 15+

200,000

100,000

 15+
. 120.000
,
, .

,
. 9
. . ,
,

( 3). , 90% ,
90%, 60% 58% 76%.

,
.
,
: , 80%
. [ , 25-40%].

, , ,
.

,
!
, ,
. 10
.
, 68%
. , 12%
. (, )

12

 9: , 2003-4

....
...

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

 10: , 2003/4
81,216

82,954
18,751

3,593

16,324
4,794
4,646
2,225
1,420
5,141

606

55

523
364

465,848

..

/ = 18

..

 3%, ( ,
) 2%. ,
, 10
.

, . 11
14 10
. 80%
: ,
, , . ,
, 20%
: ( )
,
,

, ()
,
.
, 70% ,
, , .
,
55% ,
(30%) 5% .
, 25%
, 40% , 10%
.

13

 11:
100%
90%

80%

70%

[
3202/03]
(2)

60%

..

50%

..
[/=18]

40%

>6

30%

20%

10%

0%

 (
) 10%,
25-40%,
.
,
10, (80%)
.
( ) ,
. 2
, , (
) .
80%
-
. ,
17% , .
, ,
, .

.
,
18% , , ,
.
,

. , 17%,
.
: (10%), (9%), (7%) (6%).
2,2% 4,3%
. ,

14

 2: 2003-4,

N
%
N
%
N
% ..

+
%

66,563

82.0

827 17.8

394 17.7

3,143

16.8

633

2,510

4,189

5.2

473 10.2

230 10.3

2,059

11.0

412

1,942

1,690

2.1

311

6.7

196

8.8

1,796

9.6

365

1,597

1,399

1.7

266

5.7

189

8.5

1,699

9.1

274

1,522

915

1.1

223

4.8 ...

131

5.9

1,323

7.1 ...

263

1,222

862

1.1

195

4.2

121

5.4

1,164

6.2

193

4.8

820

4.4

156

726

4.0 ...

695

3.7

149

557

700

0.9

187

4.0

106

620

0.8

180

3.9

89

752

608

0.7

178

3.8

65

2.9

564

3.0

139

437

564

0.7

160

3.4

59

2.7

560

3.0

117 ...

432

537

0.7 ....

146

3.1 .

57

2.6

538

2.9

108

367

408

0.5

145

3.1

53

2.4

440

2.3

102

199

407

0.5

122

2.6

50

2.2

286

1.5

101 ....

192

48

2.2

284

1.5

101

164

47

2.1 ....

1,754

2.2

81,216

1,233 26.5
4,646

390 17.5
2,225

237

1.3

206

1.1

203

1.1

2,734

14.6

18,751

946
4,059

147
136

132

129

111
101
1,317
14,692

 , , ,
.
, , , ,
, ,
.
.

, .
,
,
. 12 . 92%
. 5,4%
[6-9 ]
[3 ]. 3%
, 5- . 0.1%
.

15

 12: , 2003/4

<1
1 2
5 [ .., ]

5.4%
0.1%
3.0%

91.5%


,
,

2001.
( 2004) ,
.

.
(. ..)
.
. (
1 3)
.

. ,
.
413.000
. 13
.. 240.000
(58%). 28.000 17.000.

( 2)
. ,
( ..), , ,
, , , .

..
: 2,9%
( ), 2,7
4,2%.

16

 13: ,
2001 [N=413,241]

0.4%
0.5%

3.9%

0.8%

0.9%

1.1%

1.2%

1.3%

1.6%

1.9%

1.9%

2.4%

2.5%

58.2%

2.7%

4.2%

6.7%

 (
3 9 )


. .
,
14
. 2001
, . 15
.
.
( ),
, ,
.
,
.. ,
.
16
.
, , , ,
, . 17

.
,
, 50%
,
.

17

 14: (), 2001 -

180,000

160,000

140,000

-
, ,
,

120,000

, ,

100,000

,
, ,

80,000

60,000

40,000

20,000

 15: (), 2001 -

100%

90%

80%

70%

, ,

60%

50%

40%

,
,

30%

,
, ,

20%

10%

0%

 17: (), 2001 -

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

.
.
.

0%

 16: (), 2001 2001 -

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

.
.
.


70%
12% .
, ,
.
. 18
60
.
(25.000
). ,
2001,
110.000 2003.

. 2003 43.000 .

, , ,
.
(
). 19
17
.
2002-2003
.
.
20.
231.731 ( 50%
) .
(7%), (7%),
(4%), (3%) (3%).
21.
102.012.
(28%)
20%. 7%,

18

/

-

-









.

18: , 2003

225

200

175

150

125

100

75

50

25

20

03

200
3

20

03

20
03

20
03

2003

20
03

003

20

03

2
003

2
0
.
03

2
00

20
03

20
03

003

20

03

20
03

19: 2002 2003,

100,000

90,000

80,000

70,000

60,000

50,000

40,000

30,000

20,000

10,000

 20: () , 2003

1,142

809 681

53

1,508
1,570
1,919
2,729
2,758
3,419
3,600
3,661
3,689
4,138

4,636
111,507
5,935

7,618

8,422

10,005

15,770

16,740
.

,
-

-



-


. -

-

 21: () , 2003

320

220

58

512
767
1,126
1,359
1,749
28,953

1,875
1,918
2,349

2,479

3,620

5,778

6,328

20,342
6,787

7,504
-

-
.
-

. -



-

 6% 4%.
(7%) (6%).
,
,
,
.

. , ,

.
.


.

.

3
2003-2004. ,
120.000 .
. ,

.
.
3
.
( ,
, ).

( 65-80%).

19

 3
IKA 2003

IKA 2003

185,636
23,469
17,174
3,167
13,905
3,750
6,050
1,339
7,097
40,477
4,264
3,872
5,084
885
4,050
25,851
346,070

, 2003-4
+

298,529
255,442
43,087
69
46,464
18,880
27,584
70
20,630
13,228
7,402
71
15,279
3,054
12,225
66
14,445
14,410
35
86
10,896
4,098
6,798
72
8,565
8,486
79
81
7,829
2,445
5,384
68
6,373
6,234
139
58
5,661
1,121
4,540
56
5,164
5,134
30
90
4,523
858
3,665
75
3,366
1,827
1,539
50
3,299
1,695
1,604
64
3,201
3,138
63
58
11,624
465,848

. ,
.
3
.
, . .
, .
.
..
.
, ,
(40%).
,
.

. ,
. , 2003

.

() ,
.
.
,
, , .
,
,

.

20



1990 .
.
, ,

.
1990
.

( ..),
1997 ,
.

( ).

1980,
. ,


.

(time-series datasets)
1 .

) 44.000

1996 86.000 2000

119.000 2003.

. , 10,6%
2003-4
2003-4 .

21


.
2002-3
97.000 31.000

. , ,
. ,

...
.

. . 4

. 72% 56%
2001.

,
, .
.
4 -
.
, 10% (10.000 )
. , -
. .
,
. ,
.

.

22

 4: , 2002-3

...

....

36,672
5,240
1,485
1,113
1,050
686
587
555
314
261
215
182
178
141
146
155
126
118
49
58
51
50
34
27
33
40
25
29
34
26
23
33
34
19
20
23
16
14
12
13
11
8
10
10
5
297

33,208
5,052
1,388
1,017
985
802
556
489
371
282
199
186
180
135
115
99
120
98
68
56
56
48
41
41
35
25
33
27
22
28
29
16
13
22
18
14
15
16
15
14
11
13
10
9
11
310

69,880
10,292
2,873
2,130
2,035
1,488
1,143
1,044
685
543
414
368
358
276
261
254
246
216
117
114
107
98
75
68
68
65
58
56
56
54
52
49
47
41
38
37
31
30
27
27
22
21
20
19
16
607

%
72.4
10.7
3.0
2.2
2.1
1.5
1.2
1.1
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6

50,228

46,298

96,526

100.0

 ..
1991
. ,

.

.
,
.
22 1991-2001.
,

, ( 200.000

1992-1996).

.
,
: 16.000 2001, 19.000 2002 13.000 2003. ,

20.000 2001, 27.000 2002 30.000
2003.
1990.

. , 7.000
2001 4.000 2002 2.400 2003.
.

2003-4 16.000.
8.000 .

23

 22: , 1991-2001
300,000
282,000
273,000
260,000
250,000

250,000

239,000
225,000

200,000
180,000
170,000
150,000

150,000
130,000

100,000

86,000

50,000

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

: Baldwin-Edwards and Fakiolas (1999); Linos (2001); Migration News Sheet, 1/2002. Original data from Ministry of Public Order.

2000

2001

 (8.000), (7.000)
(1.200).

(Visas) .
5 2003 .

.

.
, , ,
. 500.000
2003.
.
( )
.



.
: ,
, , , , , , ,
, , ,

24

 5: , 2003
VISA A VISA B VISA C VISAS
VTL B
VTL C
ALBANIA - GJIROKASTER
ALBANIA - TIRANA
ALBANIA - KORYTSA
ALGERIA - ALGIERS
ARGENTINA - BUENOS AIRE
ARMENIA - YEREVAN
AUSTRALIA - ADELAIDE
AUSTRALIA -CAMBERRA
AUSTRALIA - MELBOURNE
AUSTRALIA - PERTH
AUSTRALIA - SYDNEY
AUSTRIA - VIENNA
AZERBAITZAN - BAKU
BELARUS - MINSK
BELGIUM - BRUSSELS
BOSNIA-H.-SARAJEVO
BRAZIL - BRAZILIA
BRAZIL - RIO
BRAZIL - SAO PAOLO
BULGARIA - PLOVDIV
BULGARIA - SOFIA
CAMEROON - YAOUNDE
CANADA - MONTREAL
CANADA - OTTAWA
CANADA - TORONTO
CANADA - VANCOUVER
CHILE - SANTIAGO
CHINA - BEIJING
CHINA - HONG KONG
CONGO - KINSHASA
CROATIA - ZAGREB
CUBA - HAVANA
CYPRUS - NICOSIA
CZECH REPUBLIC - PRAGUE
DENMARK - COPENHAGEN
EGYPT - ALEXANDRIA
EGYPT - CAIRO
ETHIOPIA - ADDIS ABEBA
FINLAND - HELSINKI
FRANCE - MARSEILLE
FRANCE - PARIS
FYROM - SKOPJE
GEORGIA - TBILISI
GERMANY - BERLIN
GERMANY - DUSSELDORF
GERMANY - FRANKFURT
GERMANY - HAMBURG
GERMANY - HANNOVER
GERMANY - KOLN
GERMANY - LEIPZIG
GERMANY - MUNICH
GERMANY - STUTTGART
HOLLAND - HAGUE
HOLLAND - ROTTERDAM
HUNGARY - BUDAPEST
INDIA - N. DELHI
INDONESIA - JAKARTA
IRAN - TEHERAN
IRAQ - BAGHDAD
IRELAND - DUBLIN
ISRAEL - JERUSALEM
ISRAEL - TEL AVIV
ITALY - MILAN
ITALY - NAPOLI
ITALY - ROME
ITALY - VENICE
JAPAN - TOKYO
JORDAN - AMMAN
KAZAKHSTAN - ALMATY
KENYA - NAIROBI
KUWAIT

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
5
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

23
6,198
118 12,490
40 13,397
1
1,195
1
3
7
1,905
0
0
0
10
7
51
0
7
0
47
5
8
19
1,800
0
0
1
30
365
3,259
0
5
0
0
2
19
1
48
26
781
0
320
95
55
66
26
147
204
8
58
2
5
64
1,703
0
132
0
130
2
24
29
322
33
1,201
1
569
4
17
208
601
323
2,863
0
335
0
25
3
1
0
89
0
2,196
141
4,941
16
52
0
0
3
24
0
0
0
0
27
90
4
2
109
207
43
231
0
0
8
2
3
473
566
2,298
161
675
2
2,052
0
0
0
187
6
595
1
120
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
19
0
146
2
1,236
0
2,057
0
268
34
1,450

0
6
0
40
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
255
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
11
0
0
0
0
0
27
7
3
9
0
64
0
0
2
50
0
3
10
0
88,345
26
0
195
234
29
59
0
0
0
0
0
24
0
18
0
148
0
6
638
3
23
226
11
0
0
138
0
0
83

TOTAL
VISA D VISA D+C TOTAL
VISAS Applicant REJECTION
VISAS
VISAS
NOT
A+B+C+D RATE (%)
A+B+C
A+B+C+D ISSUED
6,221
4,081
12,614 18,190
13,437 14,687
1,236
4
4
14
1,915
154
3
0
10
3
58
6
7
0
47
9
268
0
1,819
3
0
0
31
1
3,624
77
5
2
0
4
21
13
49
8,823
826
6,075
331
18
154
8
93
1
351
8
66
5
7
3
1,794
214
139
0
133
26
35
29
351
0
1,304
15
570
125
21
1
811
72
3,236
1,660
335
106
28
2
14
0
89
0
90,541
8
5,108
324
68
0
195
0
261
0
29
0
59
2
120
0
6
0
321
0
274
0
0
0
36
0
476
125
2,882
611
836
349
2,202
8
0
0
193
5
1,239
85
124
40
24
1
228
1
11
0
19
1
146
56
1,376
243
2,057
81
268
19
1,567
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

10,302
30,804
28,124
1,240
18
2,069
3
13
64
7
56
268
1,822
0
32
3,701
7
4
34
8,872
6,901
349
162
94
359
71
10
2,008
139
159
64
351
1,319
695
22
883
4,896
441
30
14
89
90,549
5,432
68
195
261
29
61
120
6
321
274
0
36
601
3,493
1,185
2,210
0
198
1,324
164
25
229
11
20
202
1,619
2,138
287
1,567

1,355
518
5,091
771
0
1,058
0
0
0
0
3
0
55
0
0
295
0
7
2
0
37
313
0
2
0
0
0
509
0
105
0
0
0
0
0
495
713
210
0
0
0
102
1,024
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
1,124
0
433
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
66
105
0
92

11,657
31,322
33,215
2,011
18
3,127
3
13
64
7
59
268
1,877
0
32
3,996
7
11
36
8,872
6,938
662
162
96
359
71
10
2,517
139
264
64
351
1,319
695
22
1,378
5,609
651
30
14
89
90,651
6,456
68
195
261
29
61
120
6
321
274
0
36
620
4,617
1,185
2,643
0
200
1,324
165
25
229
11
20
202
1,685
2,243
287
1,659

11.62
1.62
15.33
38.64
0
33.83
0
0
0
0
5.08
0
2.93
0
0
7.38
0
63.64
5.56
0
0.53
47.28
0
2.08
0
0
0
20.22
0
39.77
0
0
0
0
0
35.92
12.71
32.26
0
0
0
0.11
15.86
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.06
24.34
0
16.38
0
1
0
0.61
0
0
0
0
0
3.92
4.68
0
5.55

VISA A VISA B VISA C VISAS

VTL B
VTL C
LEBANON - BEIRUT
LIBYA - BENGHAZI
LIBYA - TRIPOLI
LUXEMBOURG
MEXICO - MEXICO CITY
MOROCCO - CASABLANCA
NZ - WELLINGTON
NIGERIA - LAGOS
NORWAY - OSLO
PAKISTAN - ISLAMABAD
PERU - LIMA
POLAND - WARSAW
PORTUGAL - LISBON
ROMANIA - BUCHAREST
ROMANIA - CONSTANZA
RUSSIA - MOSCOW
RUSSIA - NOVOROSSIYSK
RUSSIA - ST PETERSBURG
S. KOREA - SEOUL
S. AFRICA - DURBAN
S. AFRICA - CAPETOWN
S. AFRICA - JOHANNESBURG
S. AFRICA - PRETORIA
SAUDI ADABIA - JEDDAH
SAUDI ADABIA - RIYADH
SERBIA-MONT.-BELGRADE
SERBIA-MONTENEGRO-NIS
SERBIA-MONT.-PODGORICA
SLOVAKIA - BRATISLAVA
SLOVENIA - LJUBLJANA
SPAIN - BARCELONA
SPAIN - MADRID
SUDAN-KHARTOUM
SWEDEN - STOCKHOLM
SWITZERLAND-BERNE
SWITZERLAND-GENEVA
SYRIA - DAMASCUS
THAILAND - BANGKOK
TUNISIA-TUNIS
TURKEY-ADRIANOUPOLIS
TURKEY - ANKARA
TURKEY - ISTANBUL
TURKEY - SMIRNI
UK - LONDON
UKRAINE - KYIV
UKRAINE - MARIUPOL
UKRAINE - ODESSA
UAE - ABU DHABI
URUGUAY - MONTEVIDEO
USA - ATLANTA
USA - BOSTON
USA - CHICAGO
USA - HOUSTON
USA - LOS ANGELES
USA - NEW ORLEANS
USA - NEW YORK
USA - SAN FRANCISCO
USA - WASHINGTON
VENEZUELA - CARACAS
ZIMBABWE - HARARE

0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
6
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
6
0
0
0
152
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
2
0
0
0
0
212

126
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
52
2
4
1
6
1
242
57
208
0
34
69
285
127
32
0
183
7
11
1
1
0
0
0
0
18
12
214
58
14
67
694
833
408
48
28
460
2,434
166
0
8
3
0
0
0
0
17
0
2
0
39
9,704

5,406
0
1,388
5
36
462
20
2,751
0
713
589
261
18
227
40
100,792
7,438
10,673
18
584
1,840
3,102
883
1,433
1,096
41,434
5,799
2,979
39
53
8
3
540
1
1,401
58
2,494
1,302
677
2,742
6,080
22,868
7,800
5,458
6,223
3,323
5,182
1,413
3
233
423
416
150
274
64
885
190
1,467
59
270
331,341

393
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
6
0
24
0
0
16
0
0
17
0
10
0
11
52
21
4
52
0
0
0
1
0
40
280
77
224
0
17
11
8
49
0
130
97
0
124
92
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
28
0
2
0
0
92,517

KEY



VISA A
VISA B
VISA C
VTL VISAS
VISA D

transit [airport only]

transit through country
tourism/short stay; multiple entry
"strong" passport visa
long stay, <3 months

TOTAL
VISA D VISA D+C TOTAL
VISAS Applicant REJECTION
VISAS
VISAS
NOT
A+B+C+D RATE (%)
A+B+C
A+B+C+D ISSUED
5,925
42
0
0
1,390
0
12
0
36
14
465
20
20
1
2,751
129
8
0
765
95
591
98
271
271
19
2
260
551
41
58
101,034
370
7,511
212
10,881
13
18
40
635
1
1,910
9
3,403
7
1,010
0
1,484
0
1,148
5
41,638
0
5,810
15
3,042
35
40
41
54
19
8
0
4
4
540
11
41
0
1,699
1
149
0
2,932
213
1,360
149
708
62
2,820
0
6,782
63
23,751
74
8,208
37
5,642
5
6,348
296
3,783
270
7,740
296
1,823
10
3
0
241
40
426
56
417
0
150
43
278
41
65
19
932
144
190
27
1,471
195
59
22
309
3
433,774 60,527

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

5,967
0
1,390
12
50
485
21
2,880
8
860
689
542
21
811
99
101,404
7,723
10,894
58
636
1,919
3,410
1,010
1,484
1,153
41,638
5,825
3,077
81
73
8
8
551
41
1,700
149
3,145
1,509
770
2,820
6,845
23,825
8,245
5,647
6,644
4,053
8,036
1,833
3
281
482
417
193
319
84
1,076
217
1,666
81
312
494,301

282
0
8
0
3
430
3
978
0
0
217
0
0
47
0
1,302
299
28
0
0
11
32
3
83
20
1,979
19
151
0
2
0
0
15
0
3
0
900
55
214
201
672
474
323
5
1,363
2,957
823
68
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
26
0
0
3
13
28,519

6,249
0
1,398
12
53
915
24
3,858
8
860
906
542
21
858
99
102,706
8,022
10,922
58
636
1,930
3,442
1,013
1,567
1,173
43,617
5,844
3,228
81
75
8
8
566
41
1,703
149
4,045
1,564
984
3,021
7,517
24,299
8,568
5,652
8,007
7,010
8,859
1,901
3
281
482
417
193
319
84
1,102
217
1,666
84
325
522,820

4.51
0
0.57
0
5.66
46.99
12.5
25.35
0
0
23.95
0
0
5.48
0
1.27
3.73
0.26
0
0
0.57
0.93
0.3
5.3
1.71
4.54
0.33
4.68
0
2.67
0
0
2.65
0
0.18
0
22.25
3.52
21.75
6.65
8.94
1.95
3.77
0.09
17.02
42.18
9.29
3.58
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.36
0
0
3.57
4
5.45%

1: Evolution of legal and undocumented non-EU

immigrant stock
:
( 15 ..)
. ,
2001 . (. )
:
1988-1997: ../ .
.
1998-2001: . .
1998:
1999:
2000: (
)
2001: 2
2002: 2
2003: 15 . 2004
( 14-17)
2004: 16 . 2004 (
- )
:
1988-1997: ,
, Baldwin-Edwards (1998)
1998-2002: :

.
2003-2004: 1 2003
.

:
(1) 2000-2001
, .
(2)
( ),
(3)
: .
:
1995-6, 1999-2000
2002-3. 2004.
,
.

,
,
.

.
.
, .

25

....

&

. &

, .

...

. .

26

ME

:

, ,

:
24 2004 .
.


.

:
5 2004 . ,
Fax
() , 1991-2004.
16
,
2000 2003.
2003 . 5
. ,

.
,
:

27

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.:
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IKA
. , 9 11
2004. 10 11 .
3, 18-21 A.

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.

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28


11 . 31
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22 , 23 email
2001.
:
()

()
()
, ,
(132.000).
,
. 13 2004,
(11 12 ).

.
2001
,
850.000 ; /,
87.000 .
762.000 , . ,

100
.
,
:
100.000. ,
,
1.350 .

29

 ( )
. : ;
,
. , ,

, 50.000-150.000
50.000 150.000
. ,
100.000 2001
1, 0,9% / .
,
.

. 6
2004, 10 .
23 ,
,
24
.


,
,
( ) (.
),
.
:
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]
30

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.
.
.

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,
. T
,
.
:
o [ ] , 1991-2001
[ ]
o E, 1991-2003 [ ]
o , 2000-2003 [ ]
o : , 1991-2003
o [ ]

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.
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16
17
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.

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:
,
,
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, .
12 2004,
17 [
] 8 .
1 2
.

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2001.

32

 190.000
, 510.000
. . BaldwinEdwards
,
.
, 1.000 ,
Excel ( 200 18 )
16 2004
- . ,
15 2004 20
2004,
, 6 .
.
.
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6 2004.
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33

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34


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