: 17

16

16.1 (Double Slit Interference)




(Coherent)
(Monochromatic)
()
..1801 (Thomas Young)

S0 S1 S2

(Fringes)

16-1

16.1.1

 : 17

16-2 Path Difference

(s 1 s2) ( )
Path
Difference ()
= (2/)
(16-1)
16-2 s 1 s2 Path Difference
= r2 - r 1 = dsin
(16-2)
d

= 0
dsin = m
m = 0, 1, 2, 3.m

d (Y/L) m
L>>d
L Y

180 = /2
dsin = (m+ 1/2) m = 0, 1, 2, 3 . m

d (Y/L) (m+ 1/2)

L>>d
16.1.2

E1 = E0 sin t
(16-3)
E2 = E0 sin(t + )
(16-4)

 : 17

Ep = E 1 + E 2
(16-5)

(I E2)
Iav = I0cos2( /2)
(16-6)

= (2/) = (2/)dsin (2/)d(y/L)
(16-7)

I av = I0 cos2 (dy/ L)
(16-8)
dsin
16-3

16-3 dsin
16.2 (Holography)




Dennis Gabor
1947 3




16-4

 : 17

16-4


Reference Beam
( Object Beam)
""

"
"
16.3 (Single Slit Diffraction)
,
,

()

2
(Fresnel Diffraction)

16-6 Fresnel Diffraction

 : 17

(Fraunhofer Diffraction)

16-5 Fraunhofer Diffraction

16.3.1

16-7

(Huygen's Principle)

16-7 a
a/2

 : 17

( 1 3 2 4) Path
Difference /2

(a/2)sin = /2
(16-9)
a sin =
(16-10)
4
a sin = 2
(16-11)
6
a sin = 3
(16-12)

a sin
= m
m = 1, 2, 3 . m

(16-13)
a (Y/L) m

(16-14)
L Y

16-8

16.3.2

I = I0 [ sin(asin/)/(asin/)]2
(16-15)

 : 17

16-9

16.4 (The Diffraction Grating)

(d)
5000 d
= 1/5000 2 x 10-4
16-10
( P )



dsin = m
m = 0,1,2,3, .m

(16-16)

16-10

 : 17

16-11

()

(
)