49 1389

baga-

daiva- :

) **(XPh, 36, 38, 39
1. ) (dava-
)
( 2 .


yazata ][ ) (Indra
) (Saurva (Nhaithya) 3
.
4
baa-
baga-
ba .
ba baga

dava daiva ]
[

* :
Gherardo Gnoli, Ahuramazd e gli Altri Di nelle Iscrizzioni
Achemenidi, Orientalia Romana, Essays and Lectures 5, Iranian
Studies, 1983, pp. 135-145.

.
** [ut atar ait dahyva ha yadtya paruvam daiv ayadiya
pasva van Ahuramazdah adam avam daivadnam viyakanam
ut paitiyazbayam daiv m yadiyaia ...

.

...
]Cf. Kent, Ronald G., OLd Persian, p. 15.
1. G. Gnoli, Zoroasters Time and Homeland: A Study on the
Origins of Mazdeism and Related Problems, Instituto Universitario
Orientale-Seminario di studi Asiatici, Series Minore VII, Naples
1980, pp.77 sgg.

) ZTH
] (. sgg. sg.
[ . ] XPh [
.
U. Bianchi, Linscription des daivas et le zoroastrisme des
Achmnides, Radical History Review CXCII, 1977, pp. 3-30.
2. ZTH, pp. 200 sgg.

5


.

6
][
][
.
baga

7
.
baga :
) (A3Pa 25 baa
(Yt. X, 141) baanm asti a-xrawastm
8.



Ahuramazd had (visaibi) bagaibi
]= [ 9
] baga [.

baga .
10
:
.1 baga vazraka Ahuramazd
11
DNa 1, DNb 1, DSt 1, DSab 1, DZc 1, DE 1, XPa 1,
XPb 1, XPc 1, XPd 1, XPf 1, XPh 1, XPl (XDNb)1,

AsH 6sg., DPd 1sg., DPh 8 sg.,

2

.DSf 8 sg., DH6sg., XE 1sg., XV 1sg., A Hc 1sg.

4 3

:
F.B.J. Kuiper, Ahura Mazd Lord Wisdom?, Indo-Iranian
Journal XVIII, 1976, pp. 25-42.
3. ZTH, pp. 79 sg.

:
T. Burrow, The Proto- Indoaryans, Journal Royal Asiatic
Society 1973, pp. 123-140; J. Darmesteter, Le Zand-Avesta, 18921893, III, p. XLV.

. . ) dava(

. ) daava(
.
I. Gershevitch, Die Soone das Beste, in Mithraic Studies:
Proceeding of the First International Congress of Mithraic
Studies, ed. by J.R. Hinnells, Manchester 1975, I, p. 80.

) dava(
.
der

Handbuch

Zoroastrianism,

of

History

M. Boyce,

Orientalistik I, VIII, 1, Lieferung 2, Heft 2A, Leiden-Kln 1975, I,

p. 55, no. 211.

:
G. Dumzil, Les dieux souverains des Indo-Eueopens, Paris
1977, pp. 42 sg., 50, 117 sgg.

.
M. Mol, Culte, mythe et cosmologie dans lIran ancien, Paris
1963, pp. 19sg.

XE 1, XV 1, D2Ha 1, A2Hc 1, A3Pa 1

S. Wikander, Der Arische Mnnerbund, Lund 1938; Dumzil,

.2Ahuramazd ut aniyha bagha tayaiy

Heur et malheur du guerrier: Aspects mythiques de la fonction

hantiy )( ...
.DB IV, 60, 62
Ahuramazd had visaibi bagaibi .3...
12 .DPd 14 sg., 21 sg., 23 sg.
Ahuramazd had bagaibi .4 ...
XPd 27 sg., XPc 12 sg., 15, XPd 17 sg.,
.XPg 12 sg., XV 25 sg., D2Sa 3
Ahuramazd hya maia bagnm .5...

guerrire chez les Indo-Europens, Paris 1969, p. 94 sg., 105.

:
Boyce, op. cit., pp. 55, 83, 201.
4. J. Kellens, Trois rflexions sur la religion des Achmnides,
Studien zur Indologie und Iranistik 2, 1976, pp. 125 sg.
5. I. Gershevitch, Zoroasters Own Contribution, Journal of
Near Eastern Studies XXIII, 1964, p. 32 Appendix I.

][
.

13
.
] [


.
.
daiva





baga-

visaibi bagaibi

14
vive devh . 15
.

] 16
[


17 .
18


.

19

.
:

8 7 6

13 12 11 10 9

.6 M. Mol, op. cit. . ZTH, pp. 199 ssg. :

G. Gnoli, Annali dellIstituto Orientale di Napoli 41, 1981, pp.
685-690.

:
M. Boyce, Zoroastrians: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices,
London, 1979.

.7 Baga
Bhaga ZTH, p. 203, no. 18 :
. :
Ph. Gignoux, Des Structures imaginaires du panthon przoroastrien lexistence de Baga, in Iranica, a cura di G. Gnoli e
di A. V. Rossi, Napoli 1979 (pp. 365-373), pp. 369 sgg.; idem.,
Le Dieu baga en Iran, Acta Antiqua Academiae Hungaricae
XXV, 1977 [1979] (= Mlanges J. Harmatta), pp. 119-127.
8. I. Gershevitch, The Avestan Hymn to Mitra, Cambridge
1959, pp. 145, 288.

.9 .
.10 .
R. G. Kent, Old Persian: Grammer, Texts, Lexicon, New Haven
1953; M. Mayrhofer, Supplement Zur Sammlung der Altpersischen
Inschriften, Wien, 1978.

.11 AmH 6 sg. AsH 5 sg.

] [ ]
Ash5, sg. Ahuramazd baga vazraka [
:
AmH 6 sg. frbara
AsH 5sgg. akunau .
.12
.
M. Mayrhofer, Die Rekonstruktion des Medischen, Almanach
del sterrichischen Akademie der Wissenchaften 105, 1968, pp.
16 sg.,

. ) (W. Hinz 1967

.
J. Duchesne-Guillemin, La religion des Achmnides, Beitrge
zur Achmenidengeschichte (Historia, Einzeischriften, Helt 18),
hrsg. von G. Walser, Wiesbaden 1972 ( pp. 59-82), p. 67.

)= (vi-
: .
U. Bianchi, op. cit., p. 14.

.13 :

20.
/
/


21.
baga

22
baga


23 .
had (visaibi) bagaibi
vve devh
.

24


:





.

] [

.

.
)(
/


.
25
][

25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14
:
][


26
.

: ]
[
Ahuramazd ut aniyha bagha tyaiy hantiy

W. Delba, Was Darius a Zoroastrian?, Folia Orientalia XVIII,

1977 (pp. 205-209), p. 206.
14. Le. Renou, Etudes Vdiques et pninennes, IV, Paris
1958, p. 6.

.15 vve devh

.
J. Gonda, Die Religionen Indiens, I Veda und lterer Hinduismus,
Stuttgart 1960, pp. 99, 146, 149.

.16 .
A. Sh. Shahbazi, The year one of Darius re-examined, Bulletin
of the School of Oriental and African Studies XXXV, 1972, pp.
609-614; E.J. Bickerman and H. Tadmor, Darius I, PseudoSmerdis, and the Magi, Athenaeum, 1978, pp. 240 sg.

.17 . . 8
.18 . 5 .5
Gershevitch, ibid., pp.17 sg. .19 .19
20. Ibid., p. 16.
21. Ibid., p. 17.

.22 . 7 8 .
.23

:
Dulba, op. cit., p. 207.
24. M.A. Dandamaev, Persian unter den ersten Achmeniden
(6. Jahrhundert v. chr.), Wiesbaden 1976, pp. 217 sgg.; G. Gnoli,
Politica religiosa e concezione della regalit sotto gli
Achemenidi, in Gururjamanjarik: Studi in onore di Giuseppe
Tucci, Napoli 1974, pp. 23-88.

.25
(DB III, 77, 79 =) 77-79
1981 Studia Iranica
] Le Dieu des Arya : [.
26. Gershevitch, op. cit., p. 17.

.

:


.
27
.

htm ) yeh htm 21
(1-2 yi nharc hntic
) 51 28(22

.

:





29
.
:


.


30


=] *Ahuramazd ut (aniyha)31 tyaiy hantiy
)( [
.

) (had

d

) ( .
Ahuramazd ut aniyha bagha hantiy
Ahuramazd had (visaibi) bagaibi
31 30 29 28 27

27. Ibid., no. 19.

.28 .
J. Narten, Die Ama Spntas im Avesta, Wiesbaden 1982, pp.
80sgg., 87 sgg.

83
30 87 1 93 .38
29. op. cit., p. 18.

.30
:
(The Alloglottography of Old Persian, Transactions of the
)Philological Society 1979, pp. 114-190

.
.



.

.
:
Cl. Herrenschmidt, in Abstracta Iranica (Studia Iranica,
Supplment 3), 1980, p. 19; G.R. Cardona, Etnografia della
comunicazione e documenti antichi: il caso dellantico persiano,
Vicino Oriente III, 1980 (= Atti del Seminario di studi su
bilinguismo e traduzione nellantico Oriente, Roma, 20-22 marzo
1980), pp. 277-286.

.31 .
Gershevitch, Zoroasters Own Contribution, cit., p. 18, no. 26

)
(139 The Avestan Hymn to Mithra, cit., p. 12
. ) Arische
(Forschungen III, Halle 1887, p. 26, no. 1

. .
J. Narten. op. cit., p. 11 sg.

.

32


.

] [
]
[ ] [

) (BD II, 7-8





.
) (DPd
][
33
hain-
duiyra- 34drauga-


.


.



.



)(
baga
.

) (baga

35
.
baga .


36.

DB IV, 61 sgg.
] 61 [
]
36 35 34 33 32
[.

baga
:
Ahuramazd haya maita bagnmm

... ][.

.

32. Op. cit., p. 67, no. 3.

:
il ny avait rien en dire, puisquils ntaient pas nomms

] [.

][

.
.33 hana-) hain- sen (
.
Kellens, op. cit., pp. 115 sgg.

.34 :
G. Dumzil, Les trois fonctions dans le Rg Veda et les dieux
Indiens de Mitani, Bulletin de lAcadmie Royale de Belgique, 5c
s., XLVII, 1961, pp. 265-298; Duchesne-Guillemin, op. cit., pp.
59 sg.

.
Dumzil, Mythe et Epope, I, Paris 1968, pp. 617 sgg.
35. ZTH, p. 199 sgg.

.36 G. Gnoli, op. cit., pp. 36sg. .

ZTH, p. 78, no. 116 :
.

baga
.

.
/


.

37:




Ahuramazd ut aniyha bagha tayaiy hantiy
.

.
nap harriyanam


38


. ]
[ .

39

40

.

.37 . 134 ) DNa 38-47

.(38-47
38. Ed. Mayer, Geschichte des Altertums III, p. 113; J. Kaerst,
Geschichte des Hellenismus, Leipzig-Berlin 1927, I, p. 304.
) P. de Francisci, Arcana Imperii,
(Milano 1947, I, p. 160

.

) (op. cit., pp. 82 sg.
.
.39
.
:
E. N. von Voigtlander, The Bisitun Inscription of Darius the
Great, Babylonian Version, London 1978; J.C. Greenfield and B.
Porten, The Bisitun Inscription of Darius the Great: Aramaic
Version, London 1982.

:
J. V. Kinnier-Wilson apud I. Gershevitch, Zoroasters Own
Contribution, pp. 34 sg.; M. Boyce, A History of Zoroastrianism,
II, Leiden-Kln 1982, p. 83, no. 16.

.40 )] (DSk 4-5

[5-4 man AM AMha adam :
.

10 1 2

: /
/
) 13 132( /
/
Changing Greek Views of Achaemenid Persia in the Classical Period/ Stanley M. Burstein
Early Sasanian Ancestry: Facts and Fiction/ Sara Mashayekh