Tun : 29

PPCT: 56
ND :

NS: 2/3/2012
HA 12CB
Lp : 12B1,5

Bi 34 :
CROM HP CHT CA CROM

I. MC TIU.
1.Kin thc :HS biet c:
V tr, cu hnh electron ho tr, tnh cht vt l ( cng, mu, khi lng ring) ca crom, s oxi
ho; tnh cht ho hc ca crom l tnh kh (phn ng vi oxi, clo, lu hunh, dung dch axit).
Tnh cht ca hp cht crom (III), Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3 (tnh tan, tnh oxi ho v tnh kh, tnh lng tnh);
Tnh cht ca hp cht crom (VI), K2CrO4, K2Cr2O7 (tnh tan, mu sc, tnh oxi ho).
2. K nng :
D on v kt lun c v tnh cht ca crom v mt s hp cht .
Vit cc PTHH th hin tnh cht ca crom v hp cht crom.
Tnh th tch hoc nng dung dch K2Cr2O7 tham gia phn ng.
3. Thi :

Nghim tc hc hnh.

T duy sng to, h thng cc kin thc hc.

4. Trng tm :
c im cu to nguyn t crom v cc phn ng c trng ca crom
Tnh cht ho hc c bn ca cc hp cht Cr2O3, Cr(OH)3, CrO3; K2CrO4, K2Cr2O7
II. PHNG PHP DY HC
m thoi gi m.
Trc quan sinh ng
III. CHUN B.
1. Gio vin
Gio n
2. Hc sinh
c bi nh .
IV. CC HOT NG DY HC
1. n nh lp: n nh lp, kim tra s s
2. Bi c :
3. Bi mi: vo bi : Crom c nhng tnh cht nh th no ?
HOT NG CA THY V TR
NI DUNG KIN THC
Hot ng 1
I V TR TRONG BNG TUN HON, CU HNH
- GV dng bng tun hon v yu cu HS xc nh v
ELECTRON NGUYN T
tr ca Cr trong bng tun hon.
- 24, nhm VIB, chu k 4.
- HS vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Cr.
- Cu hnh electron: 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 hay [Ar]3d54s1.
Hot ng 2
II TNH CHT VT L
- HS nghin cu tnh cht vt l ca Cr trong SGK
- Crom l kim loi mu trng bc, c khi lng ring ln
theo s hng dn ca GV.
(d = 7,2g/cm3), t0nc = 18900C.
- L kim loi cng nht, c th rch c thu tinh.
Hot ng 3
III TNH CHT HO HC
- GV gii thiu v tnh kh ca kim loi Cr so vi Fe
- L kim loi c tnh kh mnh hn st.
v cc mc oxi ho hay gp ca crom.
- Trong cc hp cht crom c s oxi ho t +1 +6 (hay
gp +2, +3 v +6).
- HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng gia kim loi Cr
1. Tc dng vi phi kim
vi cc phi kim O2, Cl2, S
t0
4Cr + 3O
2Cr2O3
2

2Cr + 3Cl
2

t0
0

2CrCl3

2Cr + 3S Cr2S3
2. Tc dng vi nc
Cr bn vi nc v khng kh do c lp mng oxit rt
- HS nghin cu SGK tr li cu hi sau: V sao Cr
mng, bn bo v m crom ln st bo v st v
li bn vng vi nc v khng kh ?
dng Cr ch to thp khng g.
- HS vit PTHH ca cc phn ng gia kim loi Cr
vi cc axit HCl v H2SO4 long.

3. Tc dng vi axit

Cr + 2HCl CrCl2 + H2
Cr + H2SO4 CrSO4 + H2
Cr khng tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 hoc H2SO4
c, ngui.
Hot ng 4
IV HP CHT CA CROM
- HS nghin cu SGK tm hiu tnh cht vt l ca 1. Hp cht crom (III)
Cr2O3.
a) Crom (III) oxit Cr2O3
Cr2O3 l cht rn, mu lc thm, khng tan trong nc.
- HS dn ra cc PTHH chng minh Cr 2O3 th hin Cr2O3 l oxit lng tnh
tnh cht lng tnh.
Cr2O3 + 2NaOH (c) 2NaCrO2 + H2O
Cr2O3 + 6HCl 2CrCl3 + 3H2
- HS nghin cu SGK bit tnh cht vt l ca b) Crom (III) hiroxit Cr(OH)
3
Cr(OH)3.
Cr(OH)3 l cht rn, mu lc xm, khng tan trong
nc.
Cr(OH)3 l mt hiroxit lng tnh
Cr(OH)3 + NaOH NaCrO2 + 2H2O
- GV ?: V sao hp cht Cr3+ va th hin tnh kh,
Cr(OH)3+ 3HCl CrCl3 + 3H2O
va th hin tnh oxi ho ?
- HS dn ra cc PTHH minh ho cho tnh cht Tnh kh v tnh oxi ho: Do c s oxi ho trung gian
nn trong dung dch va c tnh oxi ho (mi trng axit)
ca hp cht Cr3+.
va c tnh kh (trong mi trng baz)
2CrCl3 + Zn 2CrCl2 + ZnCl2
2Cr3+ + Zn 2Cr2+ + Zn2+
2NaCrO2 + 3Br2 + 8NaOH 2Na2CrO4 + 6NaBr + 4H2O
2CrO2 + 3Br2 + 8OH+ 2CrO24 + 6Br + 4H2O
Hot ng 5 :
2. Hp cht crom (VI)
- HS nghin cu SGK bit c tnh cht vt l ca a) Crom (VI) oxit CrO3
CrO3.
CrO3 l cht rn mu thm.
L mt oxit axit
- HS vit PTHH ca phn ng gia CrO3 vi H2O.
CrO3 + H2O H2CrO4 (axit cromic)
2CrO3 + H2O H2Cr2O7 (axit icromic)
C tnh oxi ho mnh: Mt s cht hu c v v c (S,
P, C, C2H5OH) bc chy khi tip xc vi CrO3.
b) Mui crom (VI)
L nhng hp cht bn.
2
- HS nghin cu SGK vit PTHH ca phn ng - Na2CrO4 v K2CrO4 c mu vng (mu ca ion CrO4 )
- Na2Cr2O7 v K2Cr2O7 c mu da cam (mu ca ion
gia K2Cr2O7 vi FeSO4 trong mi trng axit.
Cr2O27 )
Cc mui cromat v icromat c tnh oxi ho mnh.
+6

+2

K 2Cr2O7 + 6FeSO
4 + 7H
2SO4
+3

+3

3Fe2(SO4)3 +Cr2(SO4)3 +K 2SO4 +7H2O

Hot ng 6:
- GV hng dn HS lm bi tp cng c

2
2
Trong dung dch ca ion Cr2O7 lun c c ion CrO4
trng thi cn bng vi nhau:
Cr2O72- + H2O
2CrO24- +2H+
1. Vit PTHH ca cc phn ng trong qu trnh
chuyn ho sau:

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Cr2O3
Cr2(SO4)3
Cr2O3
Cr
Cr(OH)3
2. Khi un nng 2 mol natri icromat ngi ta thu
c 48g O2 v 1 mol Cr2O3. Hy vit phng trnh
phn ng v xem natri icromat b nhit phn
hon ton cha ?

V. DN D.
- Chun b bi mi.
VI. RT KINH NGHIM
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