So snh cc Java Open Source Portals

Bi lc dch t A Service Oriented Architecture for Portals Using Portlets Asif Akram, Dharmesh Chohan, Xiao Dong Wang, Xiaobo Yang and Rob Allan CCLRC e-Science Centre, CCLRC Daresbury Laboratory. Warrington WA4 4AD, UK

1. Cc tiu ch nh gi
C mt s kh khn khi so snh cc Portal v mi Portal trong s chng da trn nhng yu cu khc nhau v cc cng ngh khc nhau. Vic so snh portal da trn nhng tiu ch nh gi khc nhau. Nhng tiu ch ny da trn li v nhng yu cu la chn t Portal:

JSR-168 compliant (Tun theo JSR-168):

JSR-168 l yu cu kh quan trng cho vic pht trin portal t nhng developer t do cho n nhng nh cung cp Portal API c th

Ease to installation (Tnh d dng ci t)

Cc portal c ngha l mt presentation layer cho business logic sn c v khng nn mang n s phc tp cho gii php. Vic nh gi y da trn cc yu cu bt u, v d: cu hnh database, framework c cha web-container hay ko? Hu ht cc portal s dng Tomcat container v d dng ci t

Documentation Standard (Ti liu chun)

Vic pht trin Portal tng t nh pht trin Web Application v d Servlet v JSP, nhng vn cn nhng cng vic ph thuc vo Portal Framework. Ti liu ca Portal Framework vi cc v d c vit sn s rt quan trng. y l tiu ch nh gi s hon ho, s chnh xc v cht lng ti liu ca mi Portal Framework bao hm c Administrator/User Guides

Online Support (H tr trc tuyn)

Ti liu khng tr li ht v nhm vo cc cu hi ca tt c cc lp trnh vin, v thnh thong mt lp trnh vin c th cn s h tr ca cc framework developer. Trong tiu ch ny, vic nh gi da trn cht lng, s nhanh chng, s tng ng ca cc hi p ca cc developer cho cc truy vn. Tiu ch ny cng bao gm vic sa cha Wiki, tnh linh hot khi h tr nhng c im mi

Portal Management (Qun l Portal)

Vic deploy cc portlet trong Portal Framework yu cu vic cu hnh nhng m t deploy khc nhau. Mt vi trong s l Portlet API nh portlet.xml v yu cu J2EE nh web.xml, phn cn li c th i vi cc Portal Framework. Tiu ch ny bao gm chc nng qun tr, v d: thm user, gn quyn cho cc user, gn mc cho cc portlet v v chc nng ca user ty bin cc portlet theo cc yu cu khc nhau, chng hn: layout, skin, thm hoc xa cc portlet.

Portlet Resources (Cc ti nguyn dch v)

Thng thng, nhng Portal thng i km vi cc portlet tin ch c th reuse chng hn Mail Portlet, Calendar Portlet v Search Portlet. Trong tiu ch ny, vic nh gi da trn tnh hu dng v tnh reuse ca cc portlet i km vi Portal

Performance & Scalability

Thit k kin trc ca Portal Framework l iu quyt nh kh nng thc thi ca n. Nhng Portal l nhng layer b sung cho SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) v v th c kh nng lm chm i kh nng thc thi ca cc service. Vic cung cp chc nng portal c bn l khng trong mt mi trng thng mi m tc thc thi v tnh thng mi l rt quan trng. Tiu ch ny nh gi da trn gii hn ca thi gian khi ng, thi gian load portlet, thi gian truy cp database...

Security (bo mt)

Hu ht cc Portal Framework i km vi c ch bo mt default l user login vi password. K thut authentication & authorization (xc thc v phn quyn) ny khng trong thng mi hoc nhng project khoa hc. Trong tiu ch ny, vic nh gi cc kh nng bo mt b sung ca Portal Framework chng hn Java Authentication & Authorization Service (JAAS), Java Open Single Sign On (JOSSO) & cu hnh SSL

Technology Used (Cng ngh s dng)

Nhng Portal Framework khc nhau s dng nhng cng ngh la chn khc nhau khng phi l mt phn ca Portlet API. Tiu ch ny nh gi cc cng ngh ph bin khc nhau c s dng bi nhng Portal Framework khc nhau nh Struts, JSF, Spring, Hibernate, Tiles, EJB v Web Service

Portal Features (Cc c im ca Portal)

Cc Portal Framework khng ch l nhng portal/portlet container host cc portlet khc nhau. M hu ht cc Portal Framework i km vi cc chc nng b sung pht trin cc portal J2EE trong thc t chng hn Content Management System (CMS), Workflow, cc cng c Administrator Management, cc cng c Framework Monitoring. Tiu ch ny nh gi cc c im sn c cng nh tiu chun v kh nng s dng chng trong Portal Framework

Server Dependency (S ph thuc server)

Portlet API l mt m rng ca servlet API v khng cn nhng c im cao cp ca J2EE, nhng trong thc t hu ht Web Application l J2EE Application s dng EJB cho persistence. Web Service cng c th c s dng ng gi v trao i... V th Portal Framework khng ch gii hn trong servlet container nh Tomcat. S l hu dng hn nu nh cc Portal Framework c th deploy trn nhng server khc nhau v trong tiu ch ny vic nh gi tp trung vo tnh tng thch ca cc Portal Framework vi nhng server thng mi v m ngun m khc nhau

WSRP standard compliant (Tun theo chun WSRP)

Portlet API l presentation layer cho Web Application, nhng khng cn thit client ch da trn Web; chuyn i sang desktop client cng l mt la chn. WSRP specification to nn kh nng s dng portal/portlet trong nhng ng dng khng phi Web chng hn Java Swing. Tiu ch ny nh gi vic h tr WSRP trong cc framework

2. nh gi cc Portal
Rt kh khn nh gi ht tt c nhng open source Portalv c rt nhiu Portal m cc developer la chn ty theo tnh d dng pht trin, s giu c ca cc chc nng, s ty bin trong giao din, v kin trc c kh nng gn ni. Vic nh gi ch nm trong danh sch cc Portal di y: uPortal: theo s s dng rt ln trong cc hc vin eXo: theo s ph bin Liferay: theo s ph bin, giao din ngi dng v chc nng la chn

Stringbeans: theo s d dng s dng

uPortal

uPortal l mt Portal Framework c s dng rng ri trong cc hc vin v n ch yu nhm vo nhng yu cu ca cc t chc ny. uPortal l mt Portal Framework rt n nh v c ra i thm ch trc c JSR-168 specification, theo uPortal p dng nhng k thut ko theo chun c gi l channel. uPortal mc d tun theo JSR-168 nhng hu ht nhng c im sn c trong uPortal vn da trn ty bin v gii php pht trin vi cc channel adapter hn l cc portlet nguyn thy. uPortal h tr portlet thng qua Pluto Portlet Framework. uPortal cng l open source Portal Framework h tr nhiu kiu portal nht: t Java portal n HTML portal, t text portal n XML portal. uPortal c th s dng Central Authentication Service (CAS) iu khin truy cp cc ng dng xc thc da trn khi no, ai, t u, v dch v g. Kiu xc thc ny rt mnh m trong mi trng hn tp nh cc trng i hc/cao ng. Rt d dng cu hnh cc group v cc permission service l yu cu quyt nh trong mi trng ny vi ngun thng tin cc b. uPortal h tr cc portlet tun theo JSR-168 thng qua adapter v yu cu cc file cu hnh chun nh portlet.xml v web.xml Trc y, ti liu lin quan n uPortal khng c quan tm tt v khng c cp nht thng xuyn. Cc ti liu v uPortal t nhiu ni khc nhau: website uPortal, wiki, email list, issue management system ca uPortal (JIRA) v nhng ngun khc. uPortal h tr c t WSRP v uPortal c th c s dng nh mt WSRP vi WSRP4J implementation reference

eXo Platform

eXo Platform nh ngha nh mt portal v mt CMS. Thng thng eXo c s dng nh mt portal tch hp; eXo cung cp cho cc user kh nng truy cp ty bin vo h thng thng tin ca cng ty v cc ti nguyn. Thng qua mi trng Web, eXo cung cp business information cho php chuyn i v qun l data ca n cng nh vic thc thi cc x l business tri ngc nhau eXo l enterprise portal tun th JSR-168 xy dng t nhng module khc nhau. N da trn JSF, Pico Container, JbossMX v AspectJ. WSRP cng c h tr trong eXo. eXo cng h tr nhng cng ngh khc nhau bng cch implement nhng cu ni khc. eXo Platform i km vi hai phin bn, express v enterprise edition. Khng c nhiu s khc nhau gia hai phin bn ny trong gii hn cc chc nng v cc c im m ch l s khc nhau ca cc container v d Servlet Container v EJB Container. Express edition c deploy trong servlet engine trong khi enterprise edition c deploy trong application server J2EE 1.3 y . C hai phin bn ny u c deploy thnh cng trong Tomcat 5.0 v JBoss 4.1 Ging nh nhng Portal Framework khc, c nhiu tp hp cc porlet i km vi eXo Platform. Cc

portet lin quan MVC, lin quan Web, lin quan navigation, lin quan user/admin. Cc porlet lin quan n workflow v WSRP cng c cha trong tp hp ny. eXo mang n mt layer (Struts) gia portal v bt k application Struts no c sn bn trong cc portlet, cc Struts application ny c th c nhng vo trong mt portlet vi mt cht thay i. Nhng cu ni khc, nh Cocoon cng c cha trong eXo nhng vo cc Cocoon application c sn vo mt portlet fragment. Nhn chung, eXo Platform l mt open source Portal Framework mnh m vi vic h tr nhiu cng ngh mi. Kh nng thc thi ca eXo Platform tt nht vi thi gian upload portal nh nht

Liferay

Liferay Portal Enterprise mang nhiu ngha ln hn l mt portal container, m i km vi n l rt nhiu c im hu dng nh Content Management System (CMS), tun theo WSRP, Single Sign On (SSO), h tr AOP (Aspect Oriented Programming), v nhiu cng ngh mi nht khc. Liferay c mt thit k kin trc rt r rng da trn thc t tt nht ca J2EE, iu cho php n c s dng vi mt lot cc container khc nhau, t nhng servlet container nh Tomcat v Jetty cho ti nhng server tun theo J2EE mnh m nh BorlandES, JBoss, JOnAs, JRun, Oracle9iAS, Orion, Pramati, Sun JSAS, WebLogic v WebSphere. Trong trng hp ny, Liferay ch l mt open source portal container h tr gn nh hu ht JavaServer open source hay thng mi. Tnh linh hot trong thit k cho php b sung business logic bt k mt cng ngh no tng ng v thch hp nh Struts, Tiles, Spring v EJB, c th c da trn Hibernate, Java Messaging Service (JMS), Java Mail v Web Service. Liferay c th thay i Portal Presentation tr thnh mt Java Application bt k m khng c hoc rt t s thay i. Vic customize cc portal page v cc portlet trong nhng open source Portal Framework nh eXo Platform l khng d dng, v c th lm rt nhiu trong vic cu hnh, nhng vi Liferay layout management th rt d dng. Liferay Portal c mt GUI da trn Web cho php user tng tc thit k layout ca Portal Page m khng cn phi chnh sa bt k file cu hnh no. iu ny tng t nh Stringbeans Portal. Liferay Portal Enterprise i km vi nhng portlet hu dng. V nu em so snh vi cc open source Portal Framework khc, Liferay portal c mt lng ln cc portlet tin ch tun theo JSR-168 v c th c s dng trong bt k Portal no ch vi rt t thay i. Liferay h tr WSRP specification c cho WSRP consumer v WSRP producer nh mt thc th ca Liferay portal. Vic cu hnh Liferay yu cu mt vi deployment descriptor khng chun chng hn Struts hoc Tiles, iu ny c th lm cho vic pht trin tr nn phc tp hn. Ging nh hu ht cc Portal Framework, Liferay s dng database mc nh l Hypersonic rt tt cho mc ch pht trin. Liferay c th c s dng vi bt k database no vi cht t nh hng ty theo vic s dng Hibernate trong thit k ca n. Liferay c cc JSP tag lib v nhiu class tin ch khc trong nhng package khc nhau tr gip cc developer trong vic pht trin portal/portlet. S dng nhng package tin ch ny c th d dng pht trin portal nhng khi nhng portal ny s ging Liferay v

cc portlet th khng cn tun theo JSR-168 na.

Stringbeans

Stringbeans Portal c to nn l mt portlet container tun theo JSR-168 v mt framework cho vic qun tr hu dng cc portal application. Stringbeans c deploy nh mt J2EE Web Application trong mt container h tr Servlet 2.3 Specification v JSP 1.2 Specification. Mc nh, Stringbeans s dng Hypersonic database. Tuy nhin, Stringbeans vn lm vic vi bt k relational database no h tr JDBC 2.0 v c kim tra trn PostgreSQL database. Stringbeans khng h tr Hibernate, v th vic chuyn t database ny sang database khc phi yu cu t cu hnh. Stringbeans c mt tp hp ti liu user guide rt tt c th tm thy online hoc download s dng. Stringbean c nh gi l c documentation tt nht trong s cc open source Portal Framework. Thm vo , hnh thc online support ca nhm Stringbeans rt hu dng c v thi gian hi p cc bug, cc truy vn, v c trong vic b sung nhng c im ph c yu cu. Stringbeans c nhiu c im thn thin vi user v developer v mt trong s c lit k di y: -D dng layout management -H tr cc theme cho look & feel -Xc thc user da trn JAAS -Page layout y vi menu v column -Logging vi file n gin hoc database u h tr tt -iu khin truy cp mi portlet da trn user ID, role v cc quan h database bt k -Portal view da trn user ID, role v cc mi quan h -Cc portle c kh nng hin th RSS headline, data t cc table, cc report, cc biu , XML document thng qua XSL transformation -H tr mobile client (WML 1.1 va XHTML P1.0) Stringbeans Portal c th c deploy trong mt J2EE server vi EJB container. Vic deploy portlet trong Stringbeans Portal rt d dng v tht s tun theo JSR-168, v ch yu cu hai file cu hnh l portlet.xml v web.xml. Hu ht cc Portal Framework khc i km vi nhiu file cu hnh lm cho vic pht trin v deploy tr nn phc tp, v d JBoss Portal Framework yu cu t 6 n 7 file cu hnh. Phin bn hin ti ca Stringbeans h tr WSRP

3. Kt qu