19 2 19

OOK

OOK

BPSK
[1] 1
3 1

4 QPSK [1]
130Gbps
1000km
130Gbps 1 65Gbps

2 BPSK
QPSK 1 65Gbps
130Gbps BPSK
QPSK

ii

PSK

2.1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2

BPSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3

2.2.1

BPSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2.2

RZ-BPSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2.3

BPSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

QPSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3.1

QPSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3.2

RZ-QPSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

2.3.3

QPSK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

13

3.1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

3.2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

2.4
3

3.2.1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13

3.2.2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14

3.2.3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17

3.3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17

3.4

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20

3.5

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21

22

4.1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22

4.2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22

4.3

4.2.1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22

4.2.2

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28

iii

4.4
5

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30

31

32

33

6
2004 111.8Gbps 2006
226.2Gbps 2
1997

1155 2005 8529 66 [3] ADSL

(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) FTTH (Fiber To The Home)
P2P
IPv6

(Optical Time Division Mul-

tiplexing:OTDM) (Wavelength Division Multiplexing:WDM)

OTDM
2001 1.28Tbps OTDM [4]WDM 1
WDM1
1995 20Gbps8 [5] 2001
10Tbps 42.7Gbps273 [6]
On/Off Keying(OOK)
(Amplitude Shift Keying:ASK)
10OOK

OOK
(Amplified

Spountaneous Emission:ASE)

OOK

OOK
Frequency

Shift Keying(FSK) Phase Shift Keying(PSK) ASK Quadrature Amplitude

Modulation(QAM)
FSK
OOK
MSK(Minimum Shift Keying) FSK
FSK FSK
FSK
1
WDM 1
FSK
1

1
WDM FSK

PSK 010
FSK bit
(Bit Error Rate:BER) (Carrier to Noise Ratio:C/N
) OOK 6dBFSK 3dB BPSK
OOK OOK

PSK

ASK OOK 2 ASK

4 8 ASK
2 4 OOK
1/21/4
3 7

ASK PSK QAM

3 1

20Msymbol/s 64 128 QAM [8]

(Differential Phase-Shift Keying:DPSK)

DPSK 2 4 4 (Differential

Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying:DQPSK) DQPSK

DQPSK

/1
40Gbps RZ-DPSK

RZ-DQPSK RZ-DQPSK
(Polarization Mode Dispersion:PMD)
[9]DQPSK
DQPSK OTDM
2.56Tbps [10]

BPSK
4 (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying:QPSK)
65Gbps

130Gbps1000km
2 2 BPSK QPSK
3
4
5

PSK
2.1

BPSK QPSK
BPSK 2
RZ
NRZ

QPSK

2.2

BPSK

2.2.1

BPSK

BPSK 01
BPSK BPSK(Differential BPSK:DBPSK)
Return-to-Zero(RZ)-BPSK (Continuous Wave:CW
) NRZ-BPSK BPSK 2.1 01
0DBPSK 2.2
0
0 1 2.1 2.2
110101 BPSK 2.1 0 0

DBPSK 2.2 0 0 0
2.1

2.2 DBPSK

BPSK

1 1 0

0 1

0 1

0 1

PSK

I
1

2.1

I
0 Q

BPSK

0 Q

2.2 DBPSK

2.3 BPSK DBPSK (a) (c)

BPSK
(Longitudinal Optical:LO)
LO

(b) (d) DBPSK

(Mach-Zehnder Interferometer:MZI)
TS
1bit

BPSK DBPSK BPSK DBPSK

DBPSK
DBPSK BER C/N
BPSK DBPSK BPSK
BER

NRZ RZ NRZ RZ
WDM
1
S/N
0
1 NRZ 5Gbps
RZ NRZ
WDM NRZ
0 NRZ

DBPSK

PSK

RZ
DBPSK BPSK

Data

Driver

Data

Precoder

Driver

TS
Phase Mod.
(a) BPSK Transmitter

(b) DPSK Transmitter

Phase Mod.

Coupler
LO Laser
TS
(c) Heterodyne BPSK Receiver

(d) Direct-Detection DPSK Receiver

2.3 BPSK

2.2.2

RZ-BPSK

2.4 RZ-BPSK
RZ
RZ-BPSK RZ

2.3(b)
2.3(d)

2.4 sin

Phase
Mod.

Intensity
Mod.

Sync.
Data

Precoder
TS

2.4 RZ-BPSK

PSK

E0(t)

Coupler 1 E1(t) Coupler 2

Econ(t)

TS

E2(t)
2.5

E2(t)

i(t)

Edes(t)

BPSK

RZ

2.2.3

BPSK

2.5 MZI

E0 3dB 1 E1 E2
E0

1
E1 (t) = E0 (t)
2

(2.1)

1
E2 (t) = i E0 (t)
2

(2.2)

Ts 1bit 1bit
E20 2.2

1
E20 (t) = i E0 (t Ts )
2

(2.3)

3dB 2 E1 E20 2.5

Econ (t)Edes (t)

Econ (t) =

1
[E0 (t) + E0 (t Ts )]
2

(2.4)

Edes (t) =

i
[E0 (t) E0 (t Ts )]
2

(2.5)

Constructive Port
Destructive Port 2.6
Constructive Port 0 Destructive Port

Power

PSK
0

Power

Time

Time

Constructive Port

Destructive Port
2.6

i(t)

Power

=0

Time
2.7 BPSK

i(t)

i(t) = |Econ (t)|2 |Edes (t)|2

(2.6)

2.7 Constructive PortDestructive Port

3dB

2.3
2.3.1

QPSK
QPSK

QPSK 00011011
1 1 2

PSK

QPSK QPSK DQPSK 2 QPSK 2.8

00011110, 0/23/2
DQPSK 2.9
0 00/2 01 11

3/2 10 2.3 2.4 11011000

QPSK 2.3 /2 3/2 0DQPSK

2.4 0 /2

I
01

00
00 Q

11
10
2.8

QPSK

2.3

11 01

10 00
3
2

10
11 10
Q
01 10
01
10
01
00
00
2.9 DQPSK

2.4 DQPSK

QPSK

00

01

11

01

10

00

QPSK ASK FSK BPSK

BPSK 1 2
1/2 4 PMD 2

BPSK C/N 2.1 2.8

2.2 2.9 QPSK BPSK
C/N

MZI 2

BPSK
DQPSK QPSK DQPSK

PSK

10

BPSK RZ

2.3.2

RZ-QPSK

QPSK 2.10 2 MZ 2
V1 V2 V
/2 4
QPSK 2.9
QPSK
BPSK 0 RZ
/2
4

V1

Dual-Drive
Mod.

/2 shift

V2
2.10 MZ

Data

Encoder

RZ Mod.

Sync.

2.11 MZ RZ-QPSK

RZ-QPSK 2.11 2 MZ
2 MZ
RZ-QPSK

2.3.3

QPSK

QPSK BPSK MZI 2.12

E0 3dB MZI 1bit
/4 E0 (t) = Aejs (t) 3dB
iI (t)

iI (t) =

A2
cos[s (t) s (t TS ) + /4]
2

(2.7)

iQ (t) =

A2
cos[s (t) s (t TS ) /4]
2

(2.8)

iQ (t)

PSK

11

MZI
T

E (t)
0

MZI
T
S

2.12

i (t)
I

+/4 shift
i (t)
Q

-/4 shift

QPSK

MZI 1bit /4
/4 I Q Constructive PortDestructive Port EIcon

EIdes EQcon EQdes 2.13

1 A2
iImax|=0,/2 =
2 2

(2.9)

1 A2
iImax|=,3/2 =
2 2

(2.10)

iQmax|=0,3/2 =

A2
2

1 A2
iQmax|=/2, =
2 2

(2.11)

(2.12)

2.14 I Q
iI (t)iQ (t)
MZI 1bit /4

2.4

BPSK QPSK
BPSK 2

QPSK

PSK

/2

3/2

/2

Power

Power

3/2

12

Time

Time

Constructive Port

/2

3/2

/2

Power

Power

3/2

Destructive Port

Time

Time

Constructive Port

Destructive Port

2.13 /4 I Q

iQ(t)

iI(t)

=0,3/2

Power

Power

=0,/2

=/2,

=,3/2

Time

Time

2.14

/4

13

3.1

(Split-Step Fourier :SSF )

3.2
3.2.1

(Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation:NLS)

1 2 1 3
1
= j 2 2 + 3 3 j kn2 ||2
z
2
6
2
2

(3.1)

2 3 k n2 NLS
:A :B

= [A + B]
z

(3.2)

2
1
3

1
A = j 2 2 + 3 3
2
6
2

(3.3)

1
B = j kn2 [||2 ]
2

(3.4)

AB

A B
ps

14

3.2

(z + h, ) = exp[(A + B)h](z, )

(3.5)

(z + h, ) = exp(

hA
hA
)exp(hB)exp(
)(z, )
2
2

(3.6)

SSF

SSF A B
A B
(Fast Fourier

Transform:FFT)
h ( 3.1) h/2
A A h/2

(z +

h
hA
, ) = exp(
)(z, )
2
2

(3.7)

h h/2
B

(z +

h
h
, ) = exp(hB)(z + , )
2
2

(3.8)

h/2 A
A h/2

(z + h, ) = exp(

hA
h
) (z + , )
2
2

(3.9)

h 1

B
IFFT

3.1

3.2.2

B
FFT

IFFT

FFT

exp(

hA
) = att gvd
2

(3.10)

15

attgvd A

2
3
d
1
1

= (j 2 2 + 3 3 )
dz
2
6
2

(3.11)

1
1

= (j 2 2 j 3 3 )
z
2
6
2

(3.12)

0
[dB/km]
h/2 [m] att

att = 10^ (

h
h
) = 10^(
)
3
20 2 10
4 104

(3.13)

h/2
gvd

gvd = exp(

jh
)
2

(3.14)

1
1
2 2 + 3 3
2
6

(3.15)

=2f (3.15) 2 [ps2 /km], 3 [ps3 /km], f [THz] [m1 ]

[m1 ] = 1.97 102 2 f 2 + 4.13 102 3 f 3

(3.16)

2 1nm 1km D[ps/nm/km]

D=
1 =

1
vg

2c
d
d

d1 d
2c
d1
=
= 2 ( 2 )
d
d d

(3.17)

8
= 2c
2 c=2.998 10 m/s (3.17) [nm]

D[ps/nm/km] = 1.88 106

2 [ps2 /km]
2 [nm]

(3.18)

2 [ps2 /km] = 5.31 107 2 [nm]D[ps/nm/km]

(3.19)

3 1nm D[ps/nm/km] Sl [ps/nm2 /km]

Sl

Sl =

dD
2c d2 d
2c
= ( 2 )
= ( 2 )2 3
d

d d

(3.20)

16

c=2.998 108 m/s (3.20) [nm] Sl

Sl[ps/nm2 /km] = 3.55 1012

3 [ps3 /km]
4 [nm]

(3.21)

3 [ps3 /km] = 2.82 1013 4 [nm]Sl[ps/nm2 /km]

(3.22)

(3.19) (3.22) (3.16)

[m1 ] = 1.05 108 2 Df 2 + 1.16 1014 4 Slf 3

(3.23)

f [THz] f0 =1550 nm (3.23)

[m1 ] = 2.52 102 Df 2 + 6.70 102 Slf 3

(3.24)

FFT
N 1
1 X
ln
=
exp(j2 )
N
N n=0
N 1
1 X
ln
exp(j2 )
=
N
N l=0

(l = 0 N 1)

(3.25)

(n = 0 N 1)

(3.26)

t f N

f t =

(3.27)

1
t[ps]N

(3.28)

f
2
2
=
= 3.34 106
f
ctN
tN

(3.29)

f [THz] =

[nm] =

1
N

f [THz]

f = lf

(l =

N
N

1)
2
2

(3.30)

(3.28)(3.30) (3.23)
[m1 ] = 1.05 108 2 D(

l 3
l 2
) + 1.16 1014 4 Sl(
)
tN
tN

(3.31)

l 2
l 2
) + 6.70 102 Sl(
)
tN
tN

(3.32)

1550 nm

[m1 ] = 2.52 102 D(

(3.13)(3.14) h/2 [m] A

exp(

hA
h
jh
) = att gvd = 10^(
)exp(
)
4
2
4 10
2

(3.31)

(3.33)

3.2.3

17

exp(hB)

(3.34)

h 1/2
h

(z +

h
h
, ) = exp(hB)(z + , )
2
2

(3.35)

B (3.4)

1
B = j kn2 [||2 ]
2

(3.36)

k [nm]

k[m1 ] =

2
6.28 109
=

[nm]

(3.37)

||2

||2 [W/m2 ] = 109

P [mW]
s[m2 ]

(3.38)

P s n2

n2 = 2.24 1020 [m2 /W]

(3.39)

(3.37)(3.38) (3.36)
B = j3.14 1018

n2 P
s

(3.40)

(3.35)
exp(hB) = exp(j3.14 1018

3.3

hn2 P
)
s

(3.41)

3.2 65G symbol/s

32.5G symbol/s RZ- PN7 PN8

(Pseudorandom Binary Sequence:PRBS)
127 RZ-BPSK RZ-QPSK E1i (t)
(Single Mode Fibre:SMF) SMF

18

(Dispersion Compensating Fiber:DCF) 1555nm 0

4
4
4
3.3

RZ-PSK
Generator

SMF:L1 DCF:L2
Receiver
3.2

D
D1

D1L1

DL

L1

D2
3.3

L2
D2L2

SMF L1 D1 DCF L2 D2
L1 D1 + L2 D2 = DL

(3.42)

L1 + L2 = 50

(3.43)

L1 L2 DL
1 50km DL

E1o (t) ASE

S/N (Signal/Noise Ratio)
0.1mW CW 10dB
3.4 S/N 40dB
0.1mW RZ

10dB S/N 40dB 3.5

-65dBm ASE E1o (t) F1o ()
Eamp (t) Famp () G Famp ()

Famp () = GF1o () + noise terms.

(3.44)

19

)
m
B
d(
re
w
o
P

-20
-40

40dB

-60
-80
1553

1554

3.4

1555
Wavelength(nm)

1556

1557

-20

Power(dBm)

-30
-40
40dB
-50
-60
-70
1554
3.5

1555
Wavelength(nm)

1556

noise terms. -65dBm 1.0

Ff ilter () 1

Ff ilter () = exp(

2
)Famp ()
212

(3.45)

SMF 1 50km 20
1000km 1000km
3.1

20

SMF DCF L1 L2 PMD

PMD
3.1

3.4

BPSK

65Gsymbol/s

QPSK

32.5Gsymbol/s

BPSK

7.69ps

QPSK

15.39ps

SMF ()

17.0ps/nm/km

SMF ()

0.03ps/nm2 /km

SMF

4.040/km/W

SMF

0.20dB/km

DCF ()

-100.0ps/nm/km

DCF ()

-0.03ps/nm2 /km

DCF

4.040/km/W

DCF

0.20dB/km

1555.0nm

:G

10.10dB

-65dBm

BPSK

5.0nm

QPSK

2.5nm

Q 3.6 Q

Q=

|0 1 |
0 + 1

(3.46)

0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 Q (Bit

Error Rate:BER)
BER =

Q
exp(Q2 )/2
1

erf c( )
2
2
Q 2

(3.47)

BER Q=6 109 Q=7 1012 Q

BER=0 Q

21

Power

Time

Prob.

3.6 RZ Q

3.5

SSF
Q

22

4.1

Q Q
PMD 130Gbps

4.2
4.2.1

DL=0
SMFDCF
L1 =42.735 L2 =7.265 BPSK QPSK

1000km Q 4.1 Q
4.2 0.10.62.0mW

BPSK QPSK 4.2 (a) (b)

4.1

1mW BPSK QPSK Q QPSK

/4
BPSK
0 1 BPSK |0 1 |

Q QPSK
QPSK Q
4.2 (e) (f) 1mW
4.1 QPSK BPSK
BPSK

23

16
12

8
4
0
0.1

10

Input Power(mW)
BPSK

4.1

QPSK

QPSK
Q SPM

4.1 BPSK QPSK 0.6mW

BPSK QPSK

4.2.2

DL=0

BPSK

QPSK
SMFDCF L1 L2 DL 0
L1 L2 DLtotal 4.1
DLtotal 20 0.10.62.0mW

4.3 4.4 0.6mW BPSK QPSK

DL=0 4.2(c)(d) 4.5
Q
4.3 (a)(b) (a) 0 0
0 (b)
(a)

24

0.15

Power(mW)

Power(mW)

0.2

-0.2
-15

-10

-5

0
5
Time(ps)

10

15

-0.15
-30

Power(mW)

Power(mW)

-10

-5

0
5
Time(ps)

10

15

20

30

-0.8
-30

(c) 0.6mW BPSK

-20

-10

0
10
Time(ps)

20

30

(d) 0.6mW QPSK

2.5

Power(mW)

Power(mW)

0
10
Time(ps)

0.8

-3
-15

-10

(b) 0.1mW QPSK

(a) 0.1mW BPSK

-1
-15

-20

-10

-5

0
5
Time(ps)

10

(e) 2.0mW BPSK

15

-2.5
-30

-20

-10

0
10
Time(ps)

20

(f) 2.0mW QPSK

4.2 1000km

30

25

0.8

Power(mW)

Power(mW)

0.8

-0.8
-15

-10

-5

0
5
Time(ps)

10

15

-0.8
-15

(a) DLtotal (ps/nm)=6

0
5
Time(ps)

10

15

0.8

Power(mW)

Power(mW)

-5

(b) DLtotal (ps/nm)=-6

0.8

-0.8
-15

-10

-5

0
5
Time(ps)

10

15

-0.8
-15

-10

-5

0
5
Time(ps)

10

15

(d) DLtotal (ps/nm)=-20

(c) DLtotal (ps/nm)=20

1

Power(mW)

Power(mW)

-10

-1
-15

-10

-5

0
5
Time(ps)

10

(e) DLtotal (ps/nm)=200

15

-1
-15

-10

-5

0
5
Time(ps)

10

(f) DLtotal (ps/nm)=-200

4.3 BPSK 1000km

15

26

0.8

Power(mW)

Power(mW)

0.8

-0.8
-30

-20

-10

0
10
Time(ps)

20

30

-0.8
-30

(a) DLtotal (ps/nm)=6

0
10
Time(ps)

20

30

0.6

Power(mW)

Power(mW)

-10

(b) DLtotal (ps/nm)=-6

0.6

-0.6
-30

-20

-10

0
10
Time(ps)

20

30

-0.6
-30

(c) DLtotal (ps/nm)=20

-20

-10

0
10
Time(ps)

20

30

(d) DLtotal (ps/nm)=-20

0.8

Power(mW)

0.6

Power(mW)

-20

-0.6
-30

-20

-10

0
10
Time(ps)

20

(e) DLtotal (ps/nm)=200

30

-0.8
-30

-20

-10

0
10
Time(ps)

20

(f) DLtotal (ps/nm)=-200

4.4 QPSK 1000km

30

27

4.1

L1 (km)

L2 (km)

DLtotal (ps/nm)

42.6500

7.1790

-200

42.7260

7.2740

-20

42.7330

7.2670

-6

42.7350

7.2650

42.7380

7.2620

42.7440

7.2560

20

42.8210

7.1790

200

16
12

Q8
4
0
-25

BER=10

-100
-20

-15

-10
-10

BPSK(0.1mW)
QPSK(0.1mW)
4.5

00
-5
5
(DLtotal)
BPSK(0.6mW)
QPSK(0.6mW)

10
10

15

100
20

-9

25

BPSK(2.0mW)
QPSK(2.0mW)

(b) (a)

SPM

SPM
() 4.5

DLtotal = 0 DLtotal = 6 Q

BPSK
(a) (c)(d) 4.4 QPSK |DLtotal | 20
BPSK QPSK
2 QPSK BPSK
2 65Gbps
BPSK 65G symbol/sQPSK 32.5G symbol/s

28

QPSK BPSK 2
QPSK

0.001ps/nm/km/
[12] [13]1000km 1.0ps/nm/
15 15 ps/nm
4.5 BER=109 Q=6
BPSK 30ps/nm QPSK 100ps/nm
DL = 0 15 15

ps/nm BPSK BER=109 QPSK 15ps/nm

BER=109
BPSK
QPSK

4.3

65Gbps BPSK QPSK 130Gbps 1000km

PMD
PMD 4.2.1
BPSK 0.1mWQPSK 0.06mW
4.6 PMD Q

40

BPSK

30

Q20

QPSK

10
0
0.000

0.025

0.050
PMD ( ps /

0.075

0.100

km )

4.6 PMD Q

PMD=0 BPSK QPSK Q

4.2.1 QPSK

1/3 (Cross Phase Modulation : XPM)

QPSK XPM
BPSK Q

29

y
it
s
n
e
t
n
I

y
it
s
n
e
t
n
I

-15

0
Time(ps)

-30

15

0
Time(ps)

30

(b) PMD=0 QPSK

(a) PMD=0 BPSK

y
ti
s
n
e
t
n
I

ty
i
s
n
e
t
n
I

-15

0
Time(ps)

-30

15

0
Time(ps)

30

(d) PMD=0.05 QPSK

(c) PMD=0.05 BPSK

y
it
s
n
e
t
n
I

y
ti
s
n
e
t
n
I

-15

0
Time(ps)

15

(e) PMD=0.10 BPSK

-30

0
Time(ps)

30

(f) PMD=0.10 QPSK

4.7 1000km

PMD 4.2.2

QPSK BPSK BPSK

PMD
PMD 0.05 0.1
QPSK

4.4

30

BPSK QPSK Q
65Gbps 2
130Gbps 1000km PMD PMD
BPSK QPSK

31

BPSK QPSK
65Gbps 1000km

BPSK QPSK
BPSK
QPSK Q
QPSK
130Gbps 1000km BPSK
QPSK PMD 130Gbps

1000km PMD QPSK

WDM
8PSK

32

33

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[2] http://www.soumu.go.jp/iicp/index.html
[3] http://www.johotsusintokei.soumu.go.jp
[4] 3 4 1.28 Tbit/s-70km
OTDM

[5] R. W. Tkach, R. M. Derosier, A .H. Gnauck, A. M. Vengsarkar, D. W. Peckham, J. L. Zyskind,

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[6] T. Itoh, K. Fukuchi, T. Kasamatsu, Enabling technologies for 10 Tb/s transmission capacity
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[9] G.Charlet,P.Tran,H.Mardoyan,M.Lefrancois,T.Fauconnier,S.Bigo and F.Jorge, 151x43Gb/s
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[11] Kazuhiro SHIMOURA
[12] S.Matuo,Y.Takeshima,K.Himeno and K.Harada Non-Zero Dispersion-Shifted Fiber with Ultra
Small DIspersion Slope FutuerGuide-USS
[13] T.Kato,Y.Koyano and M.Nishimura Temperature Dependence of Chromatic Dispersion in Various Types of Optical Fibers