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  • Quick Overview of Point-Of-Use Methods at The Household

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    Eric Hoek
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    Chemical Disinfection (chlorine) $1 / capita / yr Chlorine odor / taste is a major adoption obstacle. Ferric sulfate plus calcium hypochlorite (pUR(r)) ($6 / capita at 4 liter / day for drinking water) significant removal of all microbial pathogens (and arsenic) significant community mobilization effort required.

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    Quick Overview of Point-Of-Use Methods at the Household

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    Chemical Disinfection (chlorine) $1 / capita / yr Chlorine odor / taste is a major adoption obstacle. Ferric sulfate plus calcium hypochlorite (pUR(r)) ($6 / capita at 4 liter / day for drinking water) significant removal of all microbial pathogens (and arsenic) significant community mobilization effort required.

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    7 views6 pages

    Quick Overview of Point-Of-Use Methods at The Household

    Uploaded by

    Eric Hoek
    Chemical Disinfection (chlorine) $1 / capita / yr Chlorine odor / taste is a major adoption obstacle. Ferric sulfate plus calcium hypochlorite (pUR(r)) ($6 / capita at 4 liter / day for drinking water) significant removal of all microbial pathogens (and arsenic) significant community mobilization effort required.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 6

    Chemical Disinfection (Chlorine)

    <$1/capita/yr Chlorine residual


    addresses storage concerns

    Chlorine odor/taste
    is a major adoption obstacle

    Inexpensive Sodium Hypochlorite (Bleach) Solutions

    Madagascar SrEau (Safe Water) 0.5% solution, 0.5 L, treat 2000 L

    Kenya Klorin 1 % solution, 0.5 L bottle

    Zambia Clorin

    Solar Disinfection (SODIS)


    <$1/capita/yr proven bacterial
    inactivation over ~ 8 hr

    Turbidity inhibits UV
    penetration and limits effectiveness

    Flocculation/Disinfection (PUR)
    (ferric sulfate plus calcium hypochlorite)

    ~$6/capita/yr at 4 liter/day for


    drinking water

    Significant removal of all


    microbial pathogens (and arsenic)

    Significant community
    mobilization effort required

    Procter & Gamble PuR for Point-of-Use

    Powder containing ferric sulfate and calcium hypocholrite

    Have been used successfully in the Philippines, Guatemala, Morocco, Pakistan, Haiti, Liberia, Bangladesh, Kenya, Uganda, Chad, Botswana, Malawi, Zimbabwe, Sudan, Iran, Ethiopia, Iraq, and South East Asia.

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