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Let (x, y) (where the free variables are among x and y) be any 0 formula of set theory, and let M N be transitive classes. Then is absolute for M and N, so is absolute for M, N. By denition, is also absolute for M, N. Fix any tuple x from M, and dene (x) to be y, and dene (x) to be y. Then if M (x) then there is y from M with M (x, y), so y are in N as well, and by absoluteness, N (x, y), so N (x) holds. Thus |= M (x) N (x). Conversely, if M (x), then there is y from M with M (x, y). By absoluteness, M (x, y), and since M N, y is in N, so N (x), so |= M (x) N (x), so |= N (x) M (x).