NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

TERM Gene Allele Dominant allele Recessive allele Character Trait Cross-polination Self-pollination P generation F generation F generation Pure-breeding plant Homozygote Heterozygote Genotype Phenotype Monohybrid cross Dihybrid cross Dihybrid Law of Segregation

21

Law of Independent Assortment

DEFINITION A basic unit of inheritance An alternate form of a gene, represented by a letter The allele that masks the other allele The allele that is not manifested in the phenotype when two different alleles are present A hereditary feature (e.g. the shape of a seed) A variant of each character (e.g. round or wrinkled) The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma of a flower on a different plant of the same species The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma of the same flower or different flower of the same plant The parental generation in a cross-pollination between two purebreeding plants that differ in a particular character The hybrid offspring produced in the cross-pollination of the P generation plants The offspring of self-pollinated F generation plants A plant that produces offspring with the same traits when selfpollinated, homozygous alleles An organism, if self-fertilised, only produces offspring with the same trait, RR or rr for one character An organism that has 2 different alleles (Rr) for one character The genetic make-up of an organism The manifested physical and physiological traits of an organism A genetic cross between pure-breeding parents with different alleles for a particular gene that controls one character (RR x rr) A genetic cross between parents that have two pairs of contrasting traits controlled by alleles at different loci (RRYY x rryy) An individual that is double heterozygous (RrYy) When an individual produces gametes, the alleles of a gene separate. Each gamete receives one member of the pair of alleles. When fertilization occurs, allele pairs are re-established when the zygote receives one copy from each parent Allele pairs separate independently during the formation of gametes. This means that traits are transmitted to the offspring independently of one another.