Baøi Taäp Giaûi Tích 12 Taäp 2: Oân Thi Toát Nghieäp THPT & Ñaïi Hoïc

TRAN S TUNG
---- & ----
BAI TAP GIAI TCH 12

TAP 2
ON THI TOT NGHIEP THPT & AI HOC
Nm 2012
Download ti li u h c t p, xem bi gi ng t i : http://diendan.shpt.info
Tran S Tung
Ham so luy tha mu logarit
CHNG II
HAM SO LUY THA HAM SO MU HAM SO LOGARIT
I. LUY THA
1. nh ngha luy tha
So mu a
C so a
a = n N*
a =0
aR
a0
a = -n ( n N * )
a0
m
(m Z , n N * )
n
a = lim rn (rn Q, n N * )
a=
Luy tha aa
aa = a n = a.a......a (n tha so a)
aa = a 0 = 1
1
a a = a -n = n
a
m
a>0
a a = a n = n a m (n a = b b n = a)
a>0
a a = lim a rn
2. Tnh chat cua luy tha

Vi moi a > 0, b > 0 ta co:
a
a .a = a
a +b
aa
= aa -b
b
a
a > 1 : aa > a b a > b ;

Vi 0 < a < b ta co:
; (a ) = a
a .b
; (ab) = a .b
aa
a
; = a
b
b
0 < a < 1 : aa > a b a < b
am < bm m > 0 ;
am > bm m < 0
Chu y: + Khi xet luy tha vi so mu 0 va so mu nguyen am th c so a phai khac 0.
+ Khi xet luy tha vi so mu khong nguyen th c so a phai dng.
3. nh ngha va tnh chat cua can thc
Can bac n cua a la so b sao cho b n = a .
Vi a, b 0, m, n N*, p, q Z ta co:
n
ab = n a .n b ;
Neu
p q
= th
n m
n
n
ap =
a na
=
(b > 0) ;
b nb
a q (a > 0) ; ac biet
Neu n la so nguyen dng le va a < b th
a p = ( n a ) ( a > 0) ;
n
a=
mn
mn
a = mn a
am
a<nb.
Neu n la so nguyen dng chan va 0 < a < b th

Chu y:
a<nb.
+ Khi n le, moi so thc a ch co mot can bac n. K hieu n a .

+ Khi n chan, moi so thc dng a co ung hai can bac n la hai so oi nhau.
4. Cong thc lai kep
Goi A la so tien gi, r la lai suat moi k, N la so k.
So tien thu c (ca von lan lai) la:
C = A(1 + r )N

Trang 51
Tran S Tung
Bai 1. Thc hien cac phep tnh sau::

3
3
42
c) C =
2
+ 83
d) D =
7
-2
10 -3 :10 -2 - ( 0,25 ) + 10 -2
4. 64. 3 2
i) I =
3
32
4
2
5
( 0, 01)
2
253 ( -5 )
h) H = ( 4
.10 -2
-3
1256. ( -16 ) . ( -2 )
f) F =
23.2 -1 + 5-3.54 - ( 0, 01)
( )
3
32 2
-18 ) .24. ( -50 )

(
e) E =
4
5
2
( -25) . ( -4 ) . ( -27 )
g) G =
-3 ) . ( -15 ) .84
(
b) B =
6
4
92. ( -5 ) . ( -6 )
7
7 2
a) A = ( -1) - . - . ( -7 ) . -
8 7
14
3
1
+ 25 3
)( 2
1
3
1
- 10 3
81. 5 3. 5 9. 12
1
3
1
+ 53
k) K =
3 3 . 18 5 27. 6
Bai 2. Viet cac bieu thc sau di dang luy tha vi so mu hu t:

a)
x2 3 x , ( x 0)
d)
233 2
3 2 3
b3 a
, ( a, b 0 )
a b
b)
e)
4 3
c)
f)
23 2 2
b2 b
b b
Bai 3. n gian cac bieu thc sau:
a1,5 + b1,5
a) a
0,5
+b
0,5
- a 0,5 b 0,5
+
a-b
a 0,5 + 2
a 0,5 - 2 a 0,5 + 1
b)
.
a - 1 a 0,5
a + 2 a 0,5 + 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
x 2 + 3y 2
x 2 - 3y 2 x 2 - y 2
d)
+
.
2
x
y
2
1
1
x2 - y2
2b 0,5
a 0,5 + b 0,5
1
1
1
3 1
1
x2 - y2
x2 + y2 x2y2
2y
c)
+
.
1
1
1
1
2
x+y x-y
2
2
xy + x y xy - x 2 y
)(
e) a 3 - b 3 . a 3 + a 3 .b 3 + b 3
g)
-1
+ (b + c)
-1
b +c -a
. 1 +
-1
2 bc
a-1 - ( b + c )
)(
)(
f) a 4 - b 4 . a 4 + b 4 . a 2 + b 2
2
1
1
1
a2 + 2
a 2 - 2 ( a 2 + 1)
h)
.
1
1
a
1
2
2
a + 2a + 1
a
-2
.( a + b + c)
Bai 4. n gian cac bieu thc sau:
a)
a-3b
a-6b
a2 4 x + x a
c)
- a2 + x + 2 a x
4
a x + ax
ab 4 ab - b
b) ab :
a-b
a + ab
a+ x
d)
a2 - x 2
3
3
ax 2 - a2 x
3
a2 - 2 3 ax + x 2 - 6 x
6
a-6 x
Trang 52
Tran S Tung
3
a 3 a - 2 a 3 b + 3 a2 b2 3 a2 b - 3 ab2
x x-x
:3 a
+
e)
f)
3
3
3
4
4
2
3
3
3
a - b
x -1
a - ab
x +1
- x
- x
4
4
x - 1
x +1

3 a2 b - 3 ab2
-1
a + b ( 6
g)
. a - 6 b) + 6 a
3 a2 - 2 3 ab + 3 b2 3 a 2 - 3 b2
Bai 5. So sanh cac cap so sau:
a) ( 0, 01)
- 2
va (10 )
p
p
b) va
4
4
e) ( 0, 001)
d) 5300 va 8200
g) ( 2 )
k)
-3
va ( 2 )
4
h)
5
-5
1
4
3 - 1) va ( 3 - 1)
2
2
-4
3
l)
-0,3
- 2
va
5
va
4
c) 5-2
100
f) 4
va 5-3
va ( 0,125 )
- 2
i) 0, 02 -10 va 5011
2
va
- 2
p
m)
2
5
2
p
va
2
10
3
Bai 6. So sanh hai so m, n neu:

m
a) 3,2 < 3,2
b) ( 2 )
3
3
d)
e)
>
2
2
Bai 7. Co the ket luan g ve so a neu:
a) ( a - 1)
2
3
d) (1 - a )
1
3
-3
-1
b) ( 2 a + 1)
> (1 - a )
1
2
3
(2 - a)4
a) 4 = 1024
d) ( 3 3 )
< ( a - 1)
e)
1
=
9
x -2
1
17
> ( 2 a + 1)
> (2 - a)
-
x+1
8
125
-x
a) 0,1 > 100
27
=
64
h) 0,2 = 0, 008
12 ) . ( 3 ) =
x
1
b) > 3 0, 04
5
Trang 53
1
6
2 - 1) < ( 2 - 1)
1
c)
a
-0,2
< a2
1 2 1
f) >
a
a
c) 81 - 3 x =
3
f)
2
1
2
1
32
x 2 -5 x +6
9
i)
49
l)
i) a -0,25 < a-
Bai 9. Giai cac bat phng trnh sau:

x
1
8
2 8
e) .
9 27
-x
f)
<a
52

2 5
b)
0,25
1
g)
.322 x -8 =
0,125
8
k) 5x .2 x = 0, 001
h) a
1
1
c) >
9
9
5 - 1) < ( 5 - 1)
1
3
2x
> ( 2)
g) a < a
Bai 8. Giai cac phng trnh sau:
x
=1
3 x -7
7
=
3
m) 71- x .41- x =
c) 0,3 x >
100
9
1
28
7 x -3

d) 7
x+ 2
. 49 343
1
27
g)
( 3 ) x .3 >
Tran S Tung
1
e)
3
x+2
1
<9
27
h) 27 x .31- x <
1
3
f) 3 x <
1
9 3
x
1
i) .3 2 > 1
64
a) 2 x + 2 x+2 = 20
b) 3 x + 3 x+1 = 12
c) 5 x + 5 x-1 = 30
d) 4 x -1 + 4 x + 4 x +1 = 84
e) 42 x - 24.4 x + 128 = 0
f) 4 x +1 + 22 x +1 = 48
g) 3.9 x - 2.9- x + 5 = 0
h) 3 x
-5 x + 6
=1
Trang 54
i) 4 x + 2 x+1 - 24 = 0
Tran S Tung
II. LOGARIT
1. nh ngha
Vi a > 0, a 1, b > 0 ta co: log a b = a aa = b
a > 0, a 1
Chu y: log a b co ngha khi
b > 0
lg b = log b = log10 b
Logarit thap phan:
n
1
ln b = log e b (vi e = lim 1 + 2,718281 )
n
Logarit t nhien (logarit Nepe):

2. Tnh chat
log a 1 = 0 ;
log a a b = b ;
log a a = 1 ;
log a b
= b ( b > 0)
Cho a > 0, a 1, b, c > 0. Khi o:

+ Neu a > 1 th log a b > log a c b > c
+ Neu 0 < a < 1 th log a b > log a c b < c
3. Cac qui tac tnh logarit
Vi a > 0, a 1, b, c > 0, ta co:
log a (bc) = log a b + log a c
b
log a = log a b - log a c log a ba = a log a b
c
4. oi c so
Vi a, b, c > 0 va a, b 1, ta co:
log a c
log b c =
hay log a b.log b c = log a c
log a b
log a b =
1
log b a
1
log a c (a 0)
a
log aa c =
Bai 1. Thc hien cac phep tnh sau:
a) log2 4.log 1 2
d) 4
g)
log 2 3
+9
4
log
b) log5
2
e) log
log a3 a.log a4 a1/3

log 1 a
1
.log27 9
25
c) log a 3 a
f) 27
h) log3 6.log8 9.log 6 2
i) 9
2 2
log 9 2
+4
log8 27
2 log3 2 + 4 log81 5
a
log3 5
k) 81
n) 9
1
log6 3
+ 27
+4
log 9 36
1
log8 2
+3
4 log9 7
log5 6
l) 25
+ 49
1+ log9 4
o) 3
+4
log7 8
2 - log2 3
q) lg(tan10 ) + lg(tan 2 0 ) + ... + lg(tan 89 0 )

r) log8 log 4 (log 2 16) .log 2 log 3 (log 4 64)
Trang 55
3-2 log5 4
m) 5
+5
log125 27
p) log
3.log3 36
Tran S Tung
Bai 2. Cho a > 0, a 1. Chng minh: log a ( a + 1) > loga +1 (a + 2)
HD: Xet A =
=
log a+1 (a + 2)
log a (a + 1)
log a +1 a( a + 2)
2
Bai 3. So sanh cac cap so sau:
1
a) log3 4 va log 4
3
d) log 1
3
= log a+1 a.log a +1( a + 2)
<
loga +1 (a + 1)2
2
g) log7 10 va log11 13
d) Chng minh: log 1
3
=1
b) log 0,1 3 2 va log 0,2 0,34 c) log 3
1
1
va log 1
80
15 + 2
2
HD:
log a+1 a + log a +1 ( a + 2)
2
3
va log 5
5
4
log6 3
va
2
1
log6
3 2
e) log13 150 va log17 290
f) 2
h) log2 3 va log3 4
i) log9 10 va log10 11
1
1
< 4 < log 1
80
15 + 2
2
e) Chng minh: log13 150 < 2 < log17 290

g) Xet A = log7 10 - log11 13 =
=
log 7 10.log7 11 - log 7 13

log7 11
1
10.11.7
10
11
+ log 7 .log 7 > 0
log7
log7 11
7.7.13
7
7
h, i) S dung bai 2.
Bai 4. Tnh gia tr cua bieu thc logarit theo cac bieu thc a cho:
a) Cho log2 14 = a . Tnh log 49 32 theo a.
b) Cho log15 3 = a . Tnh log25 15 theo a.
c) Cho lg 3 = 0, 477 . Tnh lg 9000 ; lg 0, 000027 ;
1
log81 100
d) Cho log7 2 = a . Tnh log 1 28 theo a.

2
Bai 5. Tnh gia tr cua bieu thc logarit theo cac bieu thc a cho:
49
theo a, b.
8
b) Cho log30 3 = a ; log30 5 = b . Tnh log30 1350 theo a, b.
a) Cho log25 7 = a ; log2 5 = b . Tnh log 3
c) Cho log14 7 = a ; log14 5 = b . Tnh log35 28 theo a, b.

d) Cho log2 3 = a ; log3 5 = b ; log7 2 = c . Tnh log140 63 theo a, b, c.
Bai 6. Chng minh cac ang thc sau (vi gia thiet cac bieu thc a cho co ngha):
a) b
log a c
=c
loga b
b) log ax (bx ) =
log a b + log a x
1 + log a x
c)
log a c
log ab c
a+b 1
= (logc a + logc b) , vi a2 + b2 = 7ab .
3
2
1
e) log a ( x + 2 y ) - 2 log a 2 = (loga x + loga y ) , vi x 2 + 4 y 2 = 12 xy .
2
d) logc
Trang 56
= 1 + log a b
Tran S Tung
f) log b +c a + logc -b a = 2 logc +b a.logc -b a , vi a2 + b2 = c2 .

g)
1
1
1
1
1
k (k + 1)
+
+
+
+ ... +
=
.
log a x log a2 x log a3 x log a 4 x
log a k x 2 log a x
h) log a N .log b N + logb N .logc N + logc N .log a N =

i) x = 10
k)
l)
1
1- lg z
, neu y = 10
1
1- lg x
va z = 10
1
1- lg y
log a N .log b N .logc N

log abc N
1
1
1
1
+
+ ... +
=
.
log2 N log3 N
log 2009 N log 2009! N
log a N - log b N
log b N - logc N
log a N
logc N
, vi cac so a, b, c lap thanh mot cap so nhan.
Trang 57
Tran S Tung
III. HAM SO LUY THA

HAM SO MU HAM SO LOGARIT
1. Khai niem
a) Ham so luy tha y = xa (a la hang so)
So mu a
Ham so y = xa
Tap xac nh D
a = n (n nguyen dng)
y = xn
D=R
a = n (n nguyen am hoac n = 0)
y = xn
D = R \ {0}
a la so thc khong nguyen
y = xa
D = (0; +)
Chu y: Ham so y =
1
xn
khong ong nhat vi ham so y = n x (n N *) .
b) Ham so mu y = a x (a > 0, a 1).

Tap xac nh:
D = R.
Tap gia tr:
T = (0; +).
Khi a > 1 ham so ong bien, khi 0 < a < 1 ham so nghch bien.
Nhan truc hoanh lam tiem can ngang.
o th:
y
y=ax
y=ax
1
a>1
0<a<1
c) Ham so logarit y = log a x (a > 0, a 1)

Tap xac nh:
D = (0; +).
Tap gia tr:
T = R.
Khi a > 1 ham so ong bien, khi 0 < a < 1 ham so nghch bien.
Nhan truc tung lam tiem can ng.
o th:
y
y
y=logax
0<a<1
a>1
Trang 58
y=logax
Tran S Tung
2. Gii han ac biet
1
x) x
lim (1 +
x 0
ex - 1
lim
=1
x 0 x
ln(1 + x )
=1
lim
x 0
x
1
= lim 1 + = e
x
x
3. ao ham
( xa ) = a xa -1 ( x > 0) ;
( n x ) =
Chu y:
1
n
n x n -1
( ua ) = a ua -1.u
vi x > 0 neu n chan
vi x < 0 neu n le .
( a x ) = a x ln a ;
( au ) = au ln a.u
( e x ) = e x ;
( eu ) = eu .u
( loga x ) = x ln1 a ;
( loga u ) = u lnu a
( ln x ) = 1
( ln u ) = u
(x > 0);
( n u ) =
u
n
n u n-1
Bai 1. Tnh cac gii han sau:
x
a) lim
x + 1 + x
3x - 4
d) lim
x + 3 x + 2
1
b) lim 1 +
x +
x
x +1
3
x +1
x
x +1
e) lim
x + 2 x - 1
e2 x - 1
x 0 3 x
ln x - 1
x e x - e
g) lim
a) y = x + x + 1
b) y =
d) y = 3 sin(2 x + 1)
e) y = cot 1 + x 2
g) y = 3 sin
h) y =
Bai 3. Tnh ao ham cua cac ham so sau:
a) y = x 2 - 2 x + 2 e x
d) y = e
2x + x 2
x cos x
g) y = 2 .e
11
9 + 6 x9
b) y = x 2 + 2 x e - x
e) y = x.e
h) y =
1
x- x
3
3x
2
x - x +1
Trang 59
m)
lim x ( e - 1)
1
x
x +
c) y =
x+3
4
2x +1
f) lim
x + x - 1
i) lim
x +1
x -1
2 x -1
ex - e
x 1 x - 1
h) lim
e x - e- x
esin 2 x - esin x
k) lim
l) lim
x 0 sin x
x 0
x
3
x +1
c) lim
x + x - 2
f) y =
x2 + x - 2
x2 + 1
1- 3 2x
1+ 3 2x
i) y = 4
x2 + x + 1
x2 - x + 1
c) y = e -2 x .sin x
f) y =
e2 x + e x
e2 x - e x
i) y = cos x.ecotx
Tran S Tung
a) y = ln 2 x 2 + x + 3
b) y = log 2 ( cos x )
d) y = ( 2 x - 1) ln 3 x 2 + x
g) y =
c) y = e x .ln ( cos x )
e) y = log 1 x 3 - cos x
2
ln ( 2 x + 1)
ln ( 2 x + 1)
h) y =
x +1
2x +1
Bai 5. Chng minh ham so a cho thoa man he thc c ch ra:
a) y = x.e
x2
2 ;
f) y = log3 ( cos x )
i) y = ln x + 1 + x 2
b) y = ( x + 1) e x ; y - y = e x
xy = 1 - x 2 y
c) y = e 4 x + 2e- x ;
y - 13y - 12 y = 0
d) y = a.e- x + b.e -2 x ; y + 3 y + 2 y = 0
g) y = e- x .sin x;
y + 2 y + 2 y = 0
4
h) y = e - x .cos x; y ( ) + 4 y = 0
i) y = esin x ;
l) y =
1 2 x
x .e ;
2
y cos x - y sin x - y = 0
k) y = e2 x .sin 5 x; y - 4 y + 29 y = 0
y - 2 y + y = e x
m) y = e4 x + 2e- x ; y - 13y - 12 y = 0
)(
n) y = x 2 + 1 e x + 2010 ;
y =
2 xy
2
+ ex x2 + 1
x +1
Bai 6. Chng minh ham so a cho thoa man he thc c ch ra:
1
1
b) y =
a) y = ln
xy + 1 = e y
; xy = y y ln x - 1
;
1 + x + ln x
1+ x
c) y = sin ( ln x ) + cos ( ln x ) ; y + xy + x 2 y = 0 d) y =
x2 1
+ x x 2 + 1 + ln x + x 2 + 1;
2 y = xy + ln y
2 2
Bai 7. Giai phng trnh, bat phng trnh sau vi ham so c ch ra:
e) y =
a) f '( x ) = 2 f ( x ); f ( x ) = e x x 2 + 3x + 1
b) f '( x ) +
1
f ( x ) = 0;
x
f ( x ) = x 3 ln x
c) f '( x ) = 0; f ( x ) = e2 x -1 + 2.e1- 2 x + 7 x - 5
d) f '( x ) > g '( x ); f ( x ) = x + ln( x - 5); g( x ) = ln( x - 1)
1
e) f '( x ) < g '( x ); f ( x ) = .52 x +1; g( x ) = 5x + 4 x ln 5
2
Trang 60
1 + ln x
; 2 x 2 y = x 2 y 2 + 1
x (1 - ln x )
Tran S Tung
IV. PHNG TRNH MU

1. Phng trnh mu c ban
b > 0
ax = b
x = log a b
2. Mot so phng phap giai phng trnh mu
a) a ve cung c so
Vi a > 0, a 1:
a f ( x ) = a g ( x ) f ( x ) = g( x )
Vi a > 0, a 1:
a M = a N ( a - 1)( M - N ) = 0
Chu y: Trong trng hp c so co cha an so th:

b) Logarit hoa
a f ( x ) = b g ( x ) f ( x ) = ( log a b ) .g ( x )
c) at an phu
Dang 1:
f (x)
, t > 0 , trong o P(t) la a thc theo t.

P ( a f ( x ) ) = 0 t = a
P (t ) = 0
Dang 2:
a a2 f ( x ) + b (ab) f ( x ) + g b2 f ( x ) = 0
a
Chia 2 ve cho b 2 f ( x ) , roi at an phu t =
b
f ( x)
Dang 3: a f ( x ) + b f ( x ) = m , vi ab = 1 . at t = a f ( x ) b f ( x ) =
1
t
d) S dung tnh n ieu cua ham so

Xet phng trnh:
f(x) = g(x)
(1)
oan nhan x0 la mot nghiem cua (1).
Da vao tnh ong bien, nghch bien cua f(x) va g(x) e ket luan x0 la nghiem duy
nhat:
f ( x ) ong bien va g( x ) nghch bien (hoac ong bien nhng nghiem ngat).
f ( x ) n ieu va g( x ) = c hang so
Neu f(x) ong bien (hoac nghch bien) th f (u) = f (v ) u = v
e) a ve phng trnh cac phng trnh ac biet
A = 0
A = 0
Phng trnh tch A.B = 0
Phng trnh A2 + B 2 = 0
B
=
0
B = 0
f) Phng phap oi lap
Xet phng trnh:
f(x) = g(x)
(1)
f (x) M
f (x) = M
Neu ta chng minh c:
th
(1)
g( x ) M
g( x ) = M
Bai 1. Giai cac phng trnh sau (a ve cung c so hoac logarit hoa):
a) 9
3 x -1
c) 4 x
8 x -2
=3
-3 x +2
-1
e) 2 x
+ 4x
+ 2x
+2
b)
2
-6 x - 5
2
= 42x
= 3x + 3x
+ 3x + 7
x +10
16 x -10
x +5
x
0,125.8 -15
d) 52 x - 7 x - 52 x .35 + 7 x .35 = 0
+1
-1
xf) 5
Trang 61
x2 +4
= 25

1
g)
2
x 2 -2
Tran S Tung
1
h)
2
= 2 4 -3 x
2x
i) ( 3 - 2 2 ) = 3 + 2
1-2 x
1
.
2
=2
x -1
5 + 2) = (
k) (
x +7
x -1
5 - 2 ) x +1
x+1
l) 3 .2 = 72
m) 5x +1 + 6. 5 x 3. 5 x -1 = 52
Bai 2. Giai cac phng trnh sau (at an phu dang 1):
x
a) 4 x + 2 x+1 - 8 = 0
b) 4 x +1 - 6.2 x +1 + 8 = 0
c) 34 x +8 - 4.32 x + 5 + 27 = 0
d) 16 x - 17.4 x + 16 = 0
e) 49 x + 7 x+1 - 8 = 0
f) 2 x
g) 7 + 4 3
) (
x
+ 2+ 3
=6
h) 4 cos2 x + 4 cos
- 22+ x - x = 3.
-x
i) 32 x +5 - 36.3 x +1 + 9 = 0
=3
k) 32 x + 2 x +1 - 28.3 x + x + 9 = 0 l) 4 x +2 - 9.2 x + 2 + 8 = 0
m) 3.52 x -1 - 2.5 x -1 = 0,2
a) 25x - 2(3 - x ).5x + 2 x - 7 = 0

c) 3.4 x + (3x - 10).2 x + 3 - x = 0
b) 3.25 x -2 + (3 x - 10).5 x -2 + 3 - x = 0
d) 9 x + 2( x - 2).3x + 2 x - 5 = 0
e) 3.25x - 2 + (3x - 10).5x - 2 + 3 - x = 0
f) 4 x 2 + 3
g) 4 x + ( x 8 ) 2 x +12 2x = 0
h) ( x + 4 ) .9 x - ( x + 5 ) .3 x + 1 = 0
+ 31+
= 2.3 x . x 2 + 2 x + 6
i) 4 x + ( x 2 - 7).2 x + 12 - 4 x 2 = 0
k) 9- x - ( x + 2).3- x - 2( x + 4) = 0
2
1
x
1
x
1
x
b) 4
d) 25 x + 10 x = 2 2 x+1
e) 27 x + 12 x = 2.8 x
g) 6.3 - 13.6 + 6.2

x
2x
=9
a) 64.9 - 84.12 + 27.16 = 0
2x
+6
h) 3.16 + 2.81 = 5.36
=0
c) 3.16 x + 2.81x = 5.36 x

1
f) 6.9 x - 13.6 x + 6.4 x = 0

1
x
1
x
i) 2.4 + 6 = 9
1
x
k) (7 + 5 2) + ( 2 - 5)(3 + 2 2) + 3(1 + 2) + 1 - 2 = 0.
Bai 5. Giai cac phng trnh sau (at an phudang 3):
x
a) (2 - 3) + (2 + 3) = 14
b) 2 + 3 + 2 - 3 = 4
c) (2 + 3) x + (7 + 4 3)(2 - 3) x = 4(2 + 3)
d) (5 - 21) x + 7(5 + 21) x = 2 x+3
e) ( 5 + 24 ) + ( 5 - 24 ) = 10
g)
(
(
6 - 35
i) 3 + 5
) +(
x
6 + 35
+ 16 3 - 5
) = 12
(
) + (2 - 3)
k) ( 3 + 5 ) + ( 3 - 5 ) - 7.2
h) 2 + 3
Bai 6. Giai cac phng trnh sau (s dung tnh n ieu):

l) (7 + 4 3) x - 3(2 - 3) x + 2 = 0
c) ( 3 + 2 2 ) + ( 3 - 2 2 ) = 6 x
( x -1)2
x 2 - 2 x -1
= 2 x +3
a) (2 - 3) x + (2 + 3) x = 4 x
7+3 5
7-3 5
f)
+ 7
= 8
2
2
=0
m) 3 + 8 + 3 - 8 = 6.
b) ( 3 - 2) x + ( 3 + 2) x = ( 5) x
x
d) ( 3 + 5 ) + 16. ( 3 - 5 ) = 2 x+3
Trang 62
4
2- 3
Tran S Tung
3 7
e) + = 2 x
5 5
f)
2+ 3
) +(
x
2- 3
= 2x
2
g) 2 x + 3 x + 5 x = 10 x
h) 2 x + 3 x = 5 x
i) 2 x -1 - 2 x
k) 3 x = 5 - 2 x
l) 2 x = 3 - x
m) 2 x +1 - 4 x = x - 1
x
2
=3
n) 2
+1
o) 4 x + 7 x = 9 x + 2
q) 3 x + 8 x = 4 x + 7 x
r) 6 x + 2 x = 5 x + 3 x
Bai 7. Giai cac phng trnh sau (a ve phng trnh tch):
-x
= ( x - 1)2
p) 5 2 x +1 - 5 3 x - x + 1 = 0
s) 9 x + 15 x = 10 x + 14 x
a) 8.3 x + 3.2 x = 24 + 6 x
b) 12.3 x + 3.15x - 5 x+1 = 20
c) 8 - x.2 x + 23- x - x = 0
2
2
2
e) 4 x -3 x + 2 + 4 x + 6 x + 5 = 4 2. x + 3 x + 7 + 1
d) 2 x + 3 x = 1 + 6 x
g) x 2 .3 x + 3x (12 - 7 x ) = - x 2 + 8 x 2 - 19 x + 12
h) x 2 .3 x -1 + x (3 x - 2 x ) = 2(2 x - 3x -1 )
f) 4 x
+x
i) 4sin x - 21+sin x cos( xy ) + 2 y = 0

k) 22( x
Bai 8. Giai cac phng trnh sau (phng phap oi lap):
a) 2 x = cos x 4 , vi x 0
b) 3 x
x3 - x
d) 2.cos
= 3 x + 3- x
2
2
e) p
-6 x +10
sin x
+ 21- x = 2 ( x +1) + 1
2
+x)
+ 21- x - 22( x
= - x 2 + 6 x - 6 c) 3 sin
= cos x
f) 2
+ x ) 1- x 2
.2
-1 = 0
= cos x
x2 +1
=
x
2 x- x2
g) 3 x = cos 2 x
h) 5 x = cos3 x
Bai 9. Tm m e cac phng trnh sau co nghiem:
2
a) 9 x + 3 x + m = 0
b) 9 x + m3 x - 1 = 0
c) 4 x - 2 x + 1 = m
d) 32 x + 2.3 x - (m + 3).2 x = 0
e) 2 x + (m + 1).2- x + m = 0
f) 25 x - 2.5 x - m - 2 = 0
g) 16 x - (m - 1).22 x + m - 1 = 0
h) 25 x + m.5 x + 1 - 2m = 0
i) 81sin
k) 34 -2 x - 2.32- x + 2m - 3 = 0
l) 4
x +1+ 3-x
- 14.2
c)
+ 81cos
x +1 + 3 -x
2
2
2
n) 91+ 1-t - (m + 2).31+
m) 9 x + 1- x - 8.3x + 1- x + 4 = m
Bai 10. Tm m e cac phng trnh sau co nghiem duy nhat:
a) m.2 x + 2 - x - 5 = 0
1-t 2
=m
+8 = m
+ 2m + 1 = 0
b) m.16 x + 2.81x = 5.36 x

x
5 + 1) + m ( 5 - 1) = 2
7+3 5
7-3 5
d)
+ m
=8
2
2
e) 4 x - 2 x + 3 + 3 = m
f) 9 x + m3 x + 1 = 0
Bai 11. Tm m e cac phng trnh sau co 2 nghiem trai dau:
a) (m + 1).4 x + (3m - 2).2x +1 - 3m + 1 = 0
b) 49 x + (m - 1).7 x + m - 2m 2 = 0
c) 9 x + 3(m - 1).3x - 5m + 2 = 0
d) (m + 3).16 x + (2m - 1).4x + m + 1 = 0
e) 4 x - 2 ( m + 1) .2 x +3m - 8 = 0
f) 4 x - 2 x + 6 = m
Bai 12. Tm m e cac phng trnh sau:
a) m.16 x + 2.81x = 5.36 x co 2 nghiem dng phan biet.

b) 16 x - m.8x + (2m - 1).4x = m.2 x co 3 nghiem phan biet.
2
2
c) 4 x - 2 x + 2 + 6 = m co 3 nghiem phan biet.
2
2
d) 9 x - 4.3 x + 8 = m co 3 nghiem phan biet.
Trang 63
Tran S Tung
V. PHNG TRNH LOGARIT

1. Phng trnh logarit c ban
Vi a > 0, a 1:
log a x = b x = a b
2. Mot so phng phap giai phng trnh logarit

a) a ve cung c so
Vi a > 0, a 1:
f ( x ) = g( x )
log a f ( x ) = loga g( x )
f ( x ) > 0 (hoac g( x ) > 0)
b) Mu hoa
Vi a > 0, a 1:
log a f ( x ) = b a
log a f ( x )
= ab
c) at an phu
d) S dung tnh n ieu cua ham so
e) a ve phng trnh ac biet
f) Phng phap oi lap
Chu y:
Khi giai phng trnh logarit can chu y ieu kien e bieu thc co ngha.
Vi a, b, c > 0 va a, b, c 1:
log b c
=c
logb a
Bai 1. Giai cac phng trnh sau (a ve cung c so hoac mu hoa):
a) log2 x( x - 1) = 1
b) log2 x + log 2 ( x - 1) = 1
c) log2 ( x - 2) - 6.log1/8 3 x - 5 = 2
d) log2 ( x - 3) + log2 ( x - 1) = 3
e) log 4 ( x + 3) - log 4 ( x - 1) = 2 - log 4 8 f) lg( x - 2) + lg( x - 3) = 1 - lg 5

g) 2 log8 ( x - 2) - log8 ( x - 3) =
2
3
h) lg 5 x - 4 + lg x + 1 = 2 + lg 0,18
i) log3 ( x 2 - 6) = log3 ( x - 2) + 1
k) log2 ( x + 3) + log 2 ( x - 1) = 1/ log5 2
l) log 4 x + log 4 (10 - x ) = 2
m) log5 ( x - 1) - log1/5 ( x + 2) = 0
n) log2 ( x - 1) + log2 ( x + 3) = log2 10 - 1 o) log9 ( x + 8) - log3 ( x + 26) + 2 = 0

a) log3 x + log
x + log1/3 x = 6
b) 1 + lg( x 2 - 2 x + 1) - lg( x 2 + 1) = 2 lg(1 - x )
c) log 4 x + log1/16 x + log 8 x = 5
d) 2 + lg(4 x 2 - 4 x + 1) - lg( x 2 + 19) = 2 lg(1 - 2 x )
e) log2 x + log 4 x + log8 x = 11
f) log1/2 ( x - 1) + log1/2 ( x + 1) = 1 + log
g) log2 log2 x = log3 log 3 x
h) log2 log3 x = log 3 log 2 x
1/ 2
i) log2 log3 x + log3 log 2 x = log 3 log 3 x k) log2 log3 log 4 x = log 4 log 3 log 2 x
a) log2 (9 - 2 x ) = 3 - x
b) log3 (3 x - 8) = 2 - x
c) log7 (6 + 7- x ) = 1 + x
d) log3 (4.3 x -1 - 1) = 2 x - 1
e) log2 (9 - 2 x ) = 5
log 5 (3- x )
f) log2 (3.2 x - 1) - 2 x - 1 = 0
Trang 64
(7 - x )
Tran S Tung
g) log2 (12 - 2 x ) = 5 - x
h) log5 (26 - 3 x ) = 2
i) log2 (5 x + 1 - 25 x ) = 2
k) log 4 (3.2 x + 1 - 5) = x
l) log
(5 x + 1 - 25 x ) = -2
m) log
(6 x + 1 - 36 x ) = -2

2
a) log5 - x ( x 2 - 2 x + 65) = 2
b) log x
c) log x (5 x 2 - 8 x + 3) = 2
d) log x +1 (2 x 3 + 2 x 2 - 3 x + 1) = 3
e) log x
f) log x ( x + 2) = 2
- 3 ( x - 1) =
- 1( x
- 4 x + 5) = 1
g) log2 x ( x 2 - 5 x + 6) = 2
h) log x +3 ( x 2 - x ) = 1
i) log x (2 x 2 - 7 x + 12) = 2
k) log x (2 x 2 - 3 x - 4) = 2
l) log2 x ( x 2 - 5 x + 6) = 2
m) log x ( x 2 - 2) = 1
n) log3 x
p) log x
+ 5 (9 x
+ 8 x + 2) = 2
o) log2 x
15
= -2
1- 2x
+ 4(x
+ 1) = 1
q) log x 2 (3 - 2 x ) = 1
s) log x (2 x 2 - 5 x + 4) = 2
r) log x 2 + 3 x ( x + 3) = 1
Bai 5. Giai cac phng trnh sau (at an phu):
a) log32 x + log32 x + 1 - 5 = 0
c) log x 2 - log 4 x +
e) log
b) log2 x + 3 log 2 x + log1/2 x = 2

2
7
=0
6
d) log21 4 x + log2
2
x + 3 log 2 x + log1/2 x = 0
g) log5 x - log x
f) log x 2 16 + log2 x 64 = 3
1
=2
5
i) 2 log 5 x - 2 = log x
x2
=8
8
h) log7 x - log x
1
5
k) 3
1
=2
7
log 2 x - log2 4 x = 0
l) 3 log3 x - log3 3 x - 1 = 0
m) log2 3 x + 3 log 2 x = 4 / 3
n) log2 3 x - 3 log2 x = -2 / 3
o) log22 x + 2 log 4
p) log22 (2 - x ) - 8 log1/4 (2 - x ) = 5
q) log25 x + 4 log 25 5 x - 5 = 0
r) log x 5 + log x 5 x =
t)
9
+ log 2x 5
4
1
=0
x
s) log x 2 3 + log 9 x = 1
1
2
+
=1
4 - lg x 2 + lg x
u)
1
3
+
=1
5 - lg x 3 + lg x
v) log2 x x 2 - 14 log16 x x 3 + 40 log 4 x x = 0

log 2 x
b) 6.9
c) x.log 22 x - 2( x + 1).log 2 x + 4 = 0
d) log 22 x + ( x - 1) log 2 x = 6 - 2 x
Trang 65
+ 6.x 2 = 13.x
log2 6
a) log 32 x + ( x - 12) log3 x + 11 - x = 0
Tran S Tung
e) ( x + 2) log 2 3 ( x + 1) + 4( x + 1) log3 ( x + 1) - 16 = 0 f) log x 2 (2 + x ) + log

g) log32 ( x + 1) + ( x - 5) log3 ( x + 1) - 2 x + 6 = 0
2- x
x=2
h) 4 log3 x - 1 - log3 x = 4
i) log2 ( x 2 + 3 x + 2) + log2 ( x 2 + 7 x + 12) = 3 + log2 3

a) log7 x = log3 ( x + 2)
b) log2 ( x - 3) + log3 ( x - 2) = 2
c) log3 ( x + 1) + log 5 ( 2 x + 1) = 2
d) log2 x + 3log6 x = log6 x
e) 4
g) x
log 7 ( x +3 )
log2 9
f) log2 (1 + x ) = log3 x
=x
= x 2 .3
log2 x
-x
log2 3
h) log3 x + 7 (9 + 12 x + 4 x 2 ) + log 2 x + 3 (6 x 2 + 23 x + 21) = 4
i) log2 x - x 2 - 1 .log3 x + x 2 - 1 = log 6 x - x 2 - 1
Bai 8. Giai cac phng trnh sau (s dung tnh n ieu):
a) x + x
log 2 3
=x
log2 5
log2 x
b) x 2 + 3
( x > 0)
=5
log2 x
c) log5 ( x + 3) = 3 - x
d) log2 (3 - x ) = x
e) log2 ( x 2 - x - 6) + x = log2 ( x + 2) + 4
f) x + 2.3
log2 x
=3
g) 4( x - 2) log2 ( x - 3) + log3 ( x - 2) = 15( x + 1)

Bai 9. Giai cac phng trnh sau (a ve phng trnh tch):
a) log2 x + 2.log7 x = 2 + log 2 x.log 7 x
c) 2 ( log 9 x ) = log3 x.log3
b) log2 x.log3 x + 3 = 3.log3 x + log 2 x
2x +1 -1
Bai 10. Giai cac phng trnh sau (phng phap oi lap):
b) log2 ( x 2 + x - 1) = 1 - x 2
a) ln(sin 2 x ) - 1 + sin 3 x = 0
c) 22 x +1 + 23- 2 x =
8
2
log3 (4 x - 4 x + 4)
Bai 11. Tm m e cac phng trnh sau co nghiem duy nhat:
a) log
2+ 3
c) log
5 +2
x 2 - 2(m + 1) x + log
2-
( x 2 + mx + m + 1) + log
(2 x + m - 2) = 0
5 -2
x=0
b) log
d)
( x - 2 ) = log 2 ( mx )
lg ( mx )
lg ( x + 1)
=2
e) log3 ( x 2 + 4mx ) = log3 (2 x - 2m - 1)

f) log
2 2+ 7
( x - m + 1) + log
2 2- 7
(mx - x 2 ) = 0
Bai 12. Tm m e cac phng trnh sau:

a) log ( 4 x - m ) = x + 1 co 2 nghiem phan biet.
b)
2
log 32
x - (m + 2).log 3 x + 3m - 1 = 0 co 2 nghiem x1, x2 thoa x1.x2 = 27.
c) 2 log 4 (2 x 2 - x + 2m - 4m2 ) = log 2 ( x 2 + mx - 2m2 ) co 2 nghiem x1, x2 thoa x12 + x22 > 1 .
d) log32 x + log32 x + 1 - 2 m - 1 = 0 co t nhat mot nghiem thuoc oan 1;3
e) 4 log2 x
+ log2 x + m = 0 co nghiem thuoc khoang (0; 1).

Trang 66
Tran S Tung
VI. HE PHNG TRNH

MU VA LOGARIT
Khi giai he phng trnh mu va logarit, ta cung dung cac phng phap giai he phng trnh
a hoc nh:
Phng phap the.
Phng phap cong ai so.
Phng phap at an phu.
.
Bai 1. Giai cac he phng trnh sau:
x + 2 y = 5
2 x = 4 y
b) x
4 = 32 y
x y -1 = 8
d) 2 y -6
=4
x
2 x .9 y = 36
f) x y
3 .4 = 36
2 x .3y = 12
g) x y
3 .2 = 18
x x 2 - y 2 -16 = 1
i)
x - y = 2 ( x > 0 )
a)
y
x - 2 = 1
x - 3 y = 1
c) 2 y
x + 3 = 19
2 x + 2 y = 3
e)
x + y = 1
2 x.5 y = 20
f) x y
5 .2 = 50
x y 2 -7 y +10 = 1
h)
(x > 0)
x + y = 8
4 x - 3 y = 7
a) x y
4 .3 = 144
2 x + 3 y = 17
b) x
y
3.2 - 2.3 = 6
2 x + 2.3 x + y = 56
c) x
x + y +1
= 87
3.2 + 3
32 x +2 + 2 2 y + 2 = 17
d) x +1
y
2.3 + 3.2 = 8
3
e)
3
42( x 2 -1) - 4.4 x 2 -1.2 y + 2 2 y = 1

f)
2y
x 2 -1. y
.2 = 4
2 - 3.4
x +1
- 2 y = -4
x +1
- 2 y +1 = -1
( x 2 + y )2 y - x 2 = 1
h)
2
x2 -y
9( x + y ) = 6
2 x - 2 y = ( y - x )( xy + 2)
k) 2
2
x + y = 2
cot 2 x = 3y
g)
y
cos x = 2
32 x - 2 y = 77
i) x
y
3 - 2 = 7
3 x = 2 y + 1
a) y
3 = 2 x + 1
2 x - 2 y = y - x
c) 2
2
x + xy + y = 3
3 x + 2 x = y + 11
b) y
3 + 2 y = x + 11
7 x -1 = 6 y - 5
d)
Trang 67
y -1
= 6x - 5
Tran S Tung
log y + log y x = 2
b) x
x + y = 6
x 2 - y 2 = 3
d)
log3 ( x + y ) - log5 ( x - y ) = 1
log x + 2 log2 y = 3
f) 3
y
x = 9
x - 1 + 2 - y = 1
h)
2
3
3 log9 (9 x ) - log3 y = 3
x + y = 6
a)
log2 x + log 2 y = 3
x + log2 y = 4
c)
2 x - log2 y = 2
xy = 32
e)
log x = 4
y
2(log y x + log x y ) = 5
g)
xy = 8
1
2
log3 x - log3 y = 0
i) 2
x 3 + y2 - 2 y = 0
y - log3 x = 1
k) y
12
x = 3
log ( 3 x + 2 y ) = 2
a) x
log y ( 2 x + 3 y ) = 2
x
log2 1 - = 2 - log 2 y
y
c)
log 3 x + log 3 y = 4
2
2
log (6 x + 4 y ) = 2
b) x
log y (6 y + 4 x ) = 2
log x 2 + y 2 + 6 = 4
e) 2
log3 x + log3 y = 1
log2 y + y log2 x = 16
f) x
log2 x - log2 y = 2
x log3 y + 2. y log3 x = 27
g)
log 3 y - log 3 x = 1
3. x log2 y + 2.y log2 x = 10

h)
2
log 4 x + log2 y = 2
log ( xy ) = 4
2
k)
x
log2 y = 2

log x - log y 2 = 1
2
d) y
log 4 x - log 4 y = 1
log ( 2 x + y - 2 ) = 2
i) x
log y ( 2 y + x - 2 ) = 2
5
log y x + log y x =
m)
2
log ( x 2 + y 2 ) = 1
6
lg 2 x = lg2 y + lg 2 ( xy)
l) 2
lg ( x - y ) + lg x.lg y = 0
log2 ( x - y ) = 5 - log2 ( x + y )
n) lg x - lg 4
lg y - lg 3 = -1
lg x 2 + y 2 = 1 + lg 8
o)
lg ( x + y ) - lg ( x - y ) = lg 3
y
2
log xy - log y x = 1
q)
x
log2 ( y - x ) = 1
log y = 2
p) x
log x +1 ( y + 23 ) = 3
x x -2 y = 36
b)
4 ( x - 2 y ) + log6 x = 9
lg x + lg y = 4
a) lg y
x = 1000
Trang 68
Tran S Tung
5
( x + y )3y - x =
c)
27
3 log5 ( x + y ) = x - y
2 log 1 x - 2 log 2 y + 5 = 0
x
e)
y
xy 2 = 32
3lg x = 4 lg y
d)
lg 4
lg3
(4 x ) = (3y )
3x
x log2 3 + log2 y = y + log 2 2
b)
x log 12 + log x = y + log 2 y
3
3
3
3
log (1 - 2 y + y 2 ) + log (1 + 2 x + x 2 ) = 4
log 1 + 3sin x = log (3 cos y)
1- y
3
c) 1+ x
d) 2
log2 1 + 3 cos y = log3 (3sin x )
log1+ x (1 + 2 x ) + log1- y (1 + 2 x ) = 2
2
2
log 1 + 3 1 - x = log3 1 - y + 2
e) 2
log2 1 + 3 1 - y 2 = log3 (1 - x 2 ) + 2
2 log (6 - 3y + xy - 2 x ) + log ( x 2 - 6 x + 9) = 6
3- x
2-y
f)
log
(5
y
)
log
(
x
+
2)
=
1
3- x
2- y
x - 2y
x - y 1
2log 2 x = y 4
( )
=
a)
b) 3
3
log2 x - log2 y = 1
log ( x + y ) + log ( x - y ) = 4
2
2
3 x .2 y = 18
x log8 y + y log8 x = 4
c)
d) log ( x + y ) = -1
1
log 4 x - log 4 y = 1
3
x -2 y
x- y
x+y
1
=
3
f) 4 y x = 32
e)
3
log ( x + y ) + log ( x - y ) = 4
log3 ( x - y ) = 1 - log3 ( x + y )
2
2
3 x .2 y = 972
3- x .2 y = 1152
g)
h)
log 3 ( x - y ) = 2
log 5 ( x + y ) = 2
x
y
log3 xy = 2 + ( xy )log3 2
i) ( x + y ) = ( x - y )
k) 4 2
2
x + y - 3 x - 3y = 12
log2 x - log2 y = 1
log2 x + log 4 y + log 4 z = 2
a) log3 y + log9 z + log 9 x = 2
log 4 z + log16 x + log16 y = 2
( )
log xy = log x 2
y
m) x
2 log y x
y
= 4y + 3
log3 y + 2 y log3 x = 27
l) x
log3 y - log3 x = 1
Trang 69
Tran S Tung
VII. BAT PHNG TRNH MU

Khi giai cac bat phng trnh mu ta can chu y tnh n ieu cua ham so mu.
a > 1
f ( x ) > g( x )
f ( x)
g( x )
>a

a
0 < a < 1
f ( x ) < g( x )
Ta cung thng s dung cac phng phap giai tng t nh oi vi phng trnh mu:
a ve cung c so.
at an phu.
.
Chu y: Trong trng hp c so a co cha an so th:
a M > a N ( a - 1)( M - N ) > 0
Bai 1. Giai cac bat phng trnh sau (a ve cung c so):
1

3
x - 2x
a) 3
x - x -1
c) 2 x + 2 - 2 x + 3 - 2 x
e) 9
x 2 -3 x + 2
-6
x 2 -3 x + 2
x2 + 1
g) 4 x + x.2
+4
+ 3.2
1
b)
2
> 5x + 1 - 5x + 2
<0
x2
d) 3
f) 6
> x .2
x2
+ 8 x + 12
x 6 -2 x 3 +1
+3
2 x +3
<2
1- x
1
<
2
x -1
-3
x+7
3 x -1
.3
x -2
h) 6.x + 3 .x + 31+
2
< 11
< 2.3 x .x 2 + 3 x + 9
i) 9 x + 9 x +1 + 9 x + 2 < 4 x + 4 x +1 + 4 x + 2
k) 7.3 x +1 + 5 x +3 3 x + 4 + 5 x + 2
l) 2 x +2 + 5 x +1 < 2 x + 5 x +2
m) 2 x -1.3 x + 2 > 36
n)
10 + 3 )
1
p)
x -3
x -1
x 2 -2 x
< ( 10 - 3 )
x +1
x +3
x -1
2
Bai 2. Giai cac bat phng trnh sau (at an phu):
x
a) 2.14 + 3.49 - 4 0
c)
2
( x - 2)
x
2( x - 1)
4 -2
+ 83
> 52
2 + 1)
x +1
o)
q)
1
2
x
2 -1
b)
1
1
-1
-2
x
4
-2x
1
3
x
2 +1
x +4 x
d) 8.3
( 2 - 1)
x
x -1
-3 0
+ 91+
>9
e) 25.2 x - 10 x + 5 x > 25
f) 52 x + 1 + 6 x + 1 > 30 + 5 x .30 x
g) 6 x - 2.3 x - 3.2 x + 6 0
h) 27 x + 12 x > 2.8 x
i)
1
49 x
1
- 35 x
2 x - x 2 +1
l) 25
1
25 x
+9
k) 3
2 x - x 2 +1
34.25
2x -x 2
-2
2 x +1
m) 3 - 8.3
2x
o) 4 x + x - 1 - 5.2 x + x - 1 + 1 + 16 0
1 x
1 x
r) + 3
3
3
x +1
+1
p)
1
1
+1
2x
x <9
t) 2
+2
x+ x+4
3x
1
-
8
<0
- 9.9
3 + 2) +(
1
s)
4
> 12
x
2
- 12
x+4
>0
x
3 - 2) 2
x -1
- 128 0
u) ( 22 x + 1 - 9.2 x + 4 ) . x 2 + 2 x - 3 0
Trang 70
Tran S Tung
Bai 3. Giai cac bat phng trnh sau (s dung tnh n ieu):
a) 2
x
2
<3
+1
b)
2.3 x - 2 x + 2
1
3x - 2 x
32- x + 3 - 2 x
e)
0
4x - 2
x +4
d) 3
c)
g)
21- x - 2 x + 1
0
2x -1
f)
+2
3x + x - 4
x2 - x - 6
2 x+4
> 13
>0
-3x 2 - 5 x + 2 + 2x > 3 x .2x -3x 2 - 5 x + 2 + ( 2x ) 3x
Bai 4. Tm m e cac bat phng trnh sau co nghiem:
a) 4 x - m.2 x + m + 3 0
b) 9 x - m.3 x + m + 3 0
2x + 7 + 2x - 2 m
d) ( 2 + 1)
Bai 5. Tm m e cac bat phng trnh sau nghiem ung vi:
c)
x2
+ ( 2 - 1)
x 2 -1
+m =0
a) (3m + 1).12 x + (2 - m ).6 x + 3x < 0 , "x > 0.
b) (m - 1)4 x + 2 x +1 + m + 1 > 0 , "x.
c) m.9 x - ( 2m + 1) 6 x + m.4 x 0 , "x [0; 1].
d) m.9 x + (m - 1).3 x +2 + m - 1 > 0 , "x.
e) 4
cos x
+ 2 ( 2 m + 1) 2
cos x
+ 4m2 - 3 < 0 , "x. f) 4 x - 3.2 x +1 - m 0 , "x.
g) 4 x - 2 x - m 0 , "x (0; 1)
h)
3 x + 3 + 5 - 3 x m , "x.
i) 2.25 x - (2m + 1).10 x + (m + 2).4 x 0 , "x 0. k) 4 x -1 - m.(2 x + 1) > 0 , "x.

Bai 6. Tm m e moi nghiem cua (1) eu la nghiem cua bat phng trnh (2):
2
1
+1
1
2
1 x
+1
1 x
x
x
3
12
(1)
+
>

>8
2
2
a) 3
b)
3
2
4 x - 2 mx - (m - 1)2 < 0
2 2
( m - 2 ) x - 3 ( m - 6 ) x - m - 1 < 0 (2)
22 x +1 - 9.2 x + 4 0
c) 2
(m + 1) x + m( x + 3) + 1 > 0
2
1
+2
1 x
1 x
> 12
d) 3 + 9. 3

2
2 x + ( m + 2 ) x + 2 - 3m < 0
(1)
(2)
Trang 71
(1)
(2)
(1)
(2)
Tran S Tung
VIII. BAT PHNG TRNH LOGARIT

Khi giai cac bat phng trnh logarit ta can chu y tnh n ieu cua ham so logarit.
a > 1
f ( x ) > g( x ) > 0
log a f ( x ) > log a g( x )
0 < a < 1
0 < f ( x ) < g( x )
Ta cung thng s dung cac phng phap giai tng t nh oi vi phng trnh
logarit:
a ve cung c so.
at an phu.
.
Chu y: Trong trng hp c so a co cha an so th:
log a A
log a B > 0 ( a - 1)( B - 1) > 0 ;
> 0 ( A - 1)(B - 1) > 0
log a B
Bai 1. Giai cac bat phng trnh sau (a ve cung c so):
a) log 5 (1 - 2 x) < 1 + log 5 ( x + 1)
b) log2 (1 - 2 log9 x ) < 1
c) log 1 5 - x < log 1 ( 3 - x )
d) log2 log 1 log 5 x > 0
e) log 1 (log 2
3
1 + 2x
)>0
1+ x
f) ( x 2 - 4 ) log 1 x > 0
2
g) log 1 log 4 ( x - 5 ) > 0

2
h) 6
log26 x
+x
log6 x
12
i) log2 ( x + 3 ) 1 + log 2 ( x - 1)
log x
log x
k) 2( 2 ) + x 2
l) log3 log 1 x 0
n) log 1 log5 x 2 + 1 + x > log3 log 1

3
5
m) 2 log8 ( x - 2) + log 1 ( x - 3) >
2
3
x2 + 1 - x
lg ( x 2 - 1)
a)
<1
lg (1 - x )
b)
lg ( x 2 - 3 x + 2 )
c)
>2
lg x + lg 2
e) log x
log2 ( x + 1) - log3 ( x + 1)
d) x
3x - 1
>0
x2 +1
x2 - 3x - 4
log2 x
+x
5log x 2- log2 x
>0
- 18 < 0
f) log3 x.log 2 x < log3 x 2 + log 2
g) log x (log 4 (2 x - 4)) 1
h) log3 x - x 2 (3 - x ) > 1
i) log x ( x 2 - 8 x + 16 ) 0
k) log2 x ( x 2 - 5 x + 6 ) < 1
Trang 72
x
4
Tran S Tung
x -1
l) log x +6 log2
>0
x+2
m) log x -1 ( x + 1) > log x 2 -1 ( x + 1)
n) (4 x 2 - 16 x + 7).log3 ( x - 3) > 0
o) (4 x - 12.2 x + 32).log2 (2 x - 1) 0
Bai 3. Giai cac bat phng trnh sau (at an phu):
a) log2 x + 2 log x 4 - 3 0
b) log5 (1 - 2 x ) < 1 + log
c) 2 log 5 x - log x 125 < 1
d) log2 x 64 + log x 2 16 3
e) log x 2.log2 x 2.log 2 4 x > 1
f) log21 x + log 1 x 2 < 0

2
g)
2
log 4 x
log 2 x
+
>
1 - log 2 x 1 + log 2 x 1 - log 22 x
h)
i) log 21 x - 6 log 2 x + 8 0
k)
( x + 1)
1
2
+
1
4 + log 2 x 2 - log 2 x
log32 x - 4 log3 x + 9 2 log3 x - 3
l) log 9 (3 x 2 + 4 x + 2) + 1 > log 3 (3 x 2 + 4 x + 2) m)

n)
p)
1
o) log x 100 - log100 x > 0
2
1 - 9 log 21 x > 1 - 4 log 1 x

8
1
2
+
<1
5 - log5 x 1 + log5 x
1 + log32
x
>1
1 + log3 x
q) log x 2.log x 2 >

16
1
log2 x - 6
Bai 4. Giai cac bat phng trnh sau (s dung tnh n ieu):
a) ( x + 1)log20,5 x + (2 x + 5) log 0,5 x + 6 0

c)
Bai 5.
a)
c)
e)
b) log 2 (2 x + 1) + log 3 (4 x + 2) 2
5+ x
3
2
5- x < 0
>
d)
x
log 2 ( x + 1) log3 ( x + 1)
2 - 3x + 1
Tm m e cac bat phng trnh sau co nghiem:
1
log1/2 ( x 2 - 2 x + m ) > -3
b) log x 100 - log m 100 > 0
2
2
1 + log m x
1
2
d)
+
<1
>1
5 - logm x 1 + logm x
1 + log m x
lg
f) log x -m ( x 2 - 1) > log x -m ( x 2 + x - 2)
log 2 x + m > log 2 x
Bai 6. Tm m e cac bat phng trnh sau nghiem ung vi:
a) log2 ( 7 x 2 + 7 ) log 2 ( mx 2 + 4 x + m ) , "x

b) log 2
(x
- 2 x + m + 4 log 2 x 2 - 2 x + m 5 , "x [0; 2]
c) 1 + log 5 ( x 2 + 1) log5 (mx 2 + 4 x + m ) , "x.
m 2
m
m
d) 2 - log 1
x - 2 1 + log 1
x - 2 1 + log 1
> 0 , "x
1+ m
1+ m
1+ m
Bai 7. Giai bat phng trnh, biet x = a la mot nghiem cua bat phng trnh:
a) log m ( x 2 - x - 2 ) > log m ( - x 2 + 2 x + 3 ) ;
b). log m (2 x 2 + x + 3) log m (3 x 2 - x );
a = 9/ 4.
a =1
Trang 73
Tran S Tung
Bai 8. Tm m e moi nghiem cua (1) eu la nghiem cua bat phng trnh (2):
log2 x + log x 2 < 0

1
1
a) 2
4
x 2 + mx + m 2 + 6m < 0
(1)
log (5 x 2 - 8 x + 3) > 2
b) x
2
4
x - 2 x + 1 - m > 0
(2)
(1)
(2)
Bai 9. Giai cac he bat phng trnh sau:
x2 + 4
>0
a) x 2 - 16 x + 64
lg x + 7 > lg( x - 5) - 2 lg 2
log ( 2 - y ) > 0
c) 2 - x
log 4 - y ( 2 x - 2 ) > 0
) (
( x - 1) lg 2 + lg 2 x +1 + 1 < lg 7.2 x + 12
b)
log x ( x + 2 ) > 2
log ( y + 5) < 0
d) x -1
log y +2 (4 - x ) < 0
Trang 74
Tran S Tung
IX. ON TAP HAM SO

LUY THA MU LOGARIT
a)
c)
2 2 x -1.4 x +1
8
0,2 x + 0,5
5
b) 9 3 x -1 = 38 x - 2
= 64
x -1
(0, 04) x
=
25
1
e) 7 x +2 - .7 x +1 - 14.7 x -1 + 2.7 x = 48
7
g) 2(2
i)
x +3 2 x
)
1
1- lg x 2
x 3
f) 3 x
x -1
+2
- 9.2 x
100
+2
m)
e) 9 x
-1
- 36.3 x
-3
d)
1+ log3 x
1+ log3 x
-3
h)
l) 2sin x + 4.2 cos x = 6

a)
5
( x )log x -1 = 3
3
x 2 -5
1
64 x
- 12.2 x -1-
3
3+
-2 x
25
<
4
5 + 24
) +(
x
5 - 24
b)
2 x -1 - 1
2 x +1 + 1
d) x lg
x -3 lg x +1
> 1000
3 x -2
2
f) 8.
> 1+
x
x
3
3 -2
g) 2 x +2 - 2 x +3 - 2 x + 4 > 5 x +1 - 5x + 2
1
h)
2
x +2
1 2- x
i)
>9
3
l)
5
<2
4x + 2x - 4
2
e)
x -1
1
>
5
+8 = 0
+2
1
k)
3
-3
log 2 ( x 2 -1)
1 2
x+ 2 x
>
>1
1
27
1 1
m) 3 . .
3 3
72
Trang 75
>1
=0
m) 3lg(tan x ) - 2.3lg(cot x )+1 = 1
c) x 2 .5 x - 52+ x < 0
2 x +1
1 1- x
x 2 -5
+ 12 = 0
k) 4 lg x +1 - 6 lg x - 2.3lg x
- 210 = 0
6-5 x
2 2 +5 x
- 9 3 lg(7 - x ) = 0
f) 34 x +8 - 4.32 x + 5 + 28 = 2 log2 2
+3 = 0
g) 32 x +1 = 3 x + 2 + 1 - 6.3 x + 32( x +1)

i) 9
-7,2 x +3,9
b) 4 x -
+8 = 0
c) 64.9 x - 84.12 x + 27.16 x = 0

2
k) x lg x = 1000 x 2
lg x +5
x 3
a) 4 x
5
=
3
= 105+ lg x
l)
x 2 +2 x -11
h) 5 x . 8 x-1 = 500
=4
1
3
9
.
25
x +1
5
d)
3
= 10
Tran S Tung
a) 4 x - 2.52 x - 10 x > 0
c) 9.4
1
x
+ 5.6
1
x
< 4.9
b) 25- x - 5- x +1 50
1
x
d) 3lg x +2 < 3lg x
+5
1
f) 22 x +1 - 21.
2
e) 4 x +1 - 16 x < 2 log 4 8
2( x -2)
+8 3
-2
2 x +3
1
- 35.
3
+2 0
2 -3 x
h) 3
4 -3 x
i)
k)
9 x + 3x - 2 9 - 3x
a) log3 (3 x - 8) = 2 - x
b) log5- x ( x 2 - 2 x + 65) = 2
c) log7 (2 x - 1) + log 7 (2 x - 7) = 1
d) log3 (1 + log3 (2 x - 7)) = 1
g) 4 - 2
2( x -1)
> 52
9 x - 3 x +2 > 3x - 9
e) 3
log3 lg x
- lg x + lg2 x - 3 = 0
f) 9
g) x1+ lg x = 10 x
2
( x)
k)
lg x + 7
x 4
lg x + lg x -2
a) 2 log x 5
m) 2 log3
- 3 log x 5 + 1 = 0
= 5x 2 - 5
log 5 x -1
h)
2
lg x
i)
= lg x
1
l) log3 log 9 x + + 9 x = 2 x
log3 (1-2 x )
+6 0
=5
= 10 lg x +1
x -3
x -3
+ 1 = log3
x -7
x -1
b) log1/3 x - 3 log1/3 x + 2 = 0
c) log22 x + 2 log2 x - 2 = 0
d) 3 + 2 log x +1 3 = 2 log3 ( x + 1)
e) log x ( 9 x 2 ) .log32 x = 4
2
f) log3 log1/2
x - 3 log1/2 x + 5 = 2
9
log22 x
2
g) lg 2 (100 x ) - lg 2 (10 x ) + lg2 x = 6
h) log2 (2 x 2 ).log2 (16 x ) =
i) log3 (9 x + 9) = x + log3 (28 - 2.3 x )
k) log2 (4 x + 4) = log2 2 x + log 2 (2 x+1 - 3)
l) log2 (25 x +3 - 1) = 2 + log 2 (5x +3 + 1)
m) lg(6.5 x + 25.20 x ) = x + lg 25
2x - 6
>0
2x -1
2 - 3x
d) log1/3
-1
x
a) log 0,5 ( x 2 - 5 x + 6) > -1
b) log7
c) log3 x - log3 x - 3 < 0

e) log1/4 (2 - x ) > log1/4
g)
x2 - 4
2
log1/2 ( x - 1)
2
x +1
f) log1/3 log 4 ( x 2 - 5) > 0
<0
h)
i) log x log9 (3 x - 9) < 1

l) 2
log2 - x ( x 2 + 8 x +15)
log2 ( x + 1)
>0
x -1
k) log2 x +3 x 2 < 1
<1
m) (0,5)
Trang 76
log1/ 3
x +5
x 2 +3
>1
Tran S Tung
4( x - y )2 -1 = 1
a)
5 x + y = 125
4 x + y = 128
b) 3 x -2 y -3
=1
5
y
x
c) 2 + 2 = 12
x+y=5
3.2 x + 2.3 x = 2,75

d)
2 x - 3y = -0,75
5y-x
x
y
g) 4 - 3.4 y = 16
x - 2 y = 12 - 8
7 x - 16 y = 0
e) x
4 - 49 y = 0
f)
log
32 x - 2 y = 77
h) x
y /2
3 - 2 = 7
x 2 + y 2 y - x 2 = 1
i)
2
9 x 2 + y = 6 x -y
3 x .2 y = 972
( x - y) = 2
log x - log 2 y = 0
a) 42
2
x - 5y + 4 = 0
log x + 2 log2 y = 3
d) 2
x 2 + y 4 = 16
lg( x 2 + y 2 ) - 1 = lg13
g)
lg( x + y ) - lg( x - y ) = 3 lg 2
2 log x - 3y = 15
k) y 2
y +1
3 .log2 x = 2 log2 x + 3
log ( x - y ) = 2
3
lg y
b)
c) x = 2
7
xy = 20
log 4 x - log x y =
6
1 1 2
3log x 2 = y log5 y
- =
e) x y 15
f) log 3
log x
log x + log y = 1 + log 5 2 y = x 7
3
3
3
x
y 9
xy = 8
2+ 2 =8
h) y
i)
x
2 log y x + log x y = 5
log x + log
y
=
3
2
2
x y
3 x .2 y = 576
y x
l)
m)
4
= 32
log ( y - x ) = 4
log3 ( x - y ) = 1 - log3 ( x + y )
2
Trang 77

Baøi Taäp Giaûi Tích 12 Taäp 2: Oân Thi Toát Nghieäp THPT & Ñaïi Hoïc

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Baøi Taäp Giaûi Tích 12 Taäp 2: Oân Thi Toát Nghieäp THPT & Ñaïi Hoïc

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TRAN S TUNG

---- & ----

BAI TAP GIAI TCH 12

ON THI TOT NGHIEP THPT & AI HOC

Ham so luy tha mu logarit

2. Tnh chat cua luy tha

a > 1 : aa > a b a > b ;

0 < a < 1 : aa > a b a < b

Neu n la so nguyen dng le va a < b th

Neu n la so nguyen dng chan va 0 < a < b th

+ Khi n le, moi so thc a ch co mot can bac n. K hieu n a .

Download ti li u h c t p, xem bi gi ng t i : http://diendan.shpt.info

Ham so luy tha mu logarit

Bai 1. Thc hien cac phep tnh sau::

23.2 -1 + 5-3.54 - ( 0, 01)

-18 ) .24. ( -50 )

Bai 2. Viet cac bieu thc sau di dang luy tha vi so mu hu t:

Bai 3. n gian cac bieu thc sau:

Bai 4. n gian cac bieu thc sau:

Ham so luy tha mu logarit

Bai 6. So sanh hai so m, n neu:

a) 3,2 < 3,2

a) 0,1 > 100

Bai 9. Giai cac bat phng trnh sau:

Ham so luy tha mu logarit

Ham so luy tha mu logarit

Logarit t nhien (logarit Nepe):

Cho a > 0, a 1, b, c > 0. Khi o:

Bai 1. Thc hien cac phep tnh sau:

log a3 a.log a4 a1/3

h) log3 6.log8 9.log 6 2

q) lg(tan10 ) + lg(tan 2 0 ) + ... + lg(tan 89 0 )

Ham so luy tha mu logarit

Bai 2. Cho a > 0, a 1. Chng minh: log a ( a + 1) > loga +1 (a + 2)

= log a+1 a.log a +1( a + 2)

b) log 0,1 3 2 va log 0,2 0,34 c) log 3

log a+1 a + log a +1 ( a + 2)

e) log13 150 va log17 290

e) Chng minh: log13 150 < 2 < log17 290

log 7 10.log7 11 - log 7 13

d) Cho log7 2 = a . Tnh log 1 28 theo a.

a) Cho log25 7 = a ; log2 5 = b . Tnh log 3

c) Cho log14 7 = a ; log14 5 = b . Tnh log35 28 theo a, b.

Ham so luy tha mu logarit

f) log b +c a + logc -b a = 2 logc +b a.logc -b a , vi a2 + b2 = c2 .

h) log a N .log b N + logb N .logc N + logc N .log a N =

log a N .log b N .logc N

, vi cac so a, b, c lap thanh mot cap so nhan.

Ham so luy tha mu logarit

III. HAM SO LUY THA

a la so thc khong nguyen

khong ong nhat vi ham so y = n x (n N *) .

b) Ham so mu y = a x (a > 0, a 1).

c) Ham so logarit y = log a x (a > 0, a 1)

Ham so luy tha mu logarit

2. Gii han ac biet

Bai 1. Tnh cac gii han sau:

Bai 3. Tnh ao ham cua cac ham so sau:

Ham so luy tha mu logarit

Bai 4. Tnh ao ham cua cac ham so sau:

Ham so luy tha mu logarit

IV. PHNG TRNH MU

Chu y: Trong trng hp c so co cha an so th: