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Fiber
Fiber
Introduction (Cont)
Core thin glass center of the fiber where light travels. Cladding outer optical material surrounding the core Buffer Coating plastic coating that protects the fiber.
Evolution of Fiber
1880 Alexander Graham Bell 1930 Patents on tubing 1950 Patent for two-layer glass wave-guide 1960 Laser first used as light source 1965 High loss of light discovered 1970s Refining of manufacturing process 1980s OF technology becomes backbone of long distance telephone networks in NA.
Areas of Application
Telecommunications Local Area Networks Cable TV CCTV Optical Fiber Sensors
Type of Fibers
Optical fibers come in two types: Single-mode fibers used to transmit one signal per fiber (used in telephone and cable TV). They have small cores(9 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from laser. Multi-mode fibers used to transmit many signals per fiber (used in computer networks). They have larger cores(62.5 microns in diameter) and transmit infra-red light from LED.
Tools of Trade
Cleaning fluid and rags Buffer tube cutter Reagent-grade isopropyl alcohol Canned air Tape (masking or scotch) Coating strip Microscope or cleaver checker Splicer Connector supplies
Applications
Measure optical power or loss Trouble shooting networks
Protecting Fibers
Tougher than copper wires Designed in three concentric layers Core Cladding Buffer
Two basic buffer types
Tight buffer Loose tubes
Token Ring
Advantages
Long range Immunity to EMI/RFI Reliability Security Suitability to outdoor applications Small size Compatible with future bandwidth requirements and future LAN standards
Conclusion
This concludes our study of Fiber Optics. We have looked at how they work and how they are made. We have examined the properties of fibers, and how fibers are joined together. Although this presentation does not cover all the aspects of optical fiber work it will have equipped you knowledge and skills essential to the fiber optic industry.