HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG KHOA K THUT IN T 1

---------

BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP

Gio vin hng dn: ThS. NGUYN TRUNG HIU

Sinh vin thc tp : M Sinh vin : Lp : n v thc tp :

TRN DUY PHONG 0821020073 D08TMT Vin T ng ha KTQS

H Ni, thng 7 nm 2012

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG KHOA K THUT IN IN T ======================

BI BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP

Gio vin hng dn: Ths. Nguyn Trung Hiu

Sinh vin thc tp : M Sinh vin : Lp : n v thc tp :

Trn Duy Phong 0821020073 D08DTMT Vin t ng ha KTQS

H Ni, thng 7, nm 2012

Mc Lc
Li m u ....................................................................................................................... 1 Phn 1: Phn thc tp chung: ............................................................................................ 2 Chng 1: Tng quan v qu trnh thc tp tt nghip: ...................................................... 2 1.1 1.2 Thi gian thc tp: .................................................................................................. 2 a im thc tp: ................................................................................................... 2

1.3 Mc ch thc tp: ...................................................................................................... 2 Chng 2: Gii thiu tng quan v Vin T ng Ha KTQS .......................................... 3 2.1 S lc lch s hnh thnh v pht trin Vin T ng Ha KTQS: ......................... 3 2.2 Lnh vc nghin cu v pht trin ca n v: ............................................................ 4 2.3 M hnh t chc: .......................................................................................................... 5 2.3.1 C cu chung: .................................................................................................. 5 2.3.2 C cu phng ng B: ....................................................................................... 6 Chng 3: Tm hiu, x l, bin dch linux nhng trn kit Mini 2440: .............................. 7 *M t cng vic: .............................................................................................................. 7 3.1 Ci t Linux trn kit Mini 2440: ................................................................................ 7 3.1.1 Np qua NFS: ....................................................................................................... 7 3.1.2 Np qua Sdcard: ................................................................................................... 9 3.2 Thc hin bin dch nhn Kernel: ............................................................................. 12 3.2.1 Nguyn l Boot Opera System ........................................................................... 12 3.2.2 Qu trnh compile nhn Kernel. ......................................................................... 13

Phn 2 Phn thc tp chuyn su: ................................................................................... 14 Chng 1: Tng quan v qu trnh thc tp: ..................................................................... 14 1.3 1.4 Thi gian thc tp: 03 tun (08/07 n 01/08/2012) ............................................. 14 a im thc tp: Hc vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng ........................ 14

1.3 Mc ch thc tp: .................................................................................................... 14 Chng 2: Thit k xy dng, ch to mch chuyn i FDD USB .............................. 15 * M t cng vic: ........................................................................................................... 15 2.1 Chun kt ni FDD v cu to a mm................................................................. 15 2.1.1 FDD ( Floppy Disk Drive - a mm) ............................................................ 15 2.1.2 Chun kt ni FDD ............................................................................................. 17 2.2 Chun kt ni USB v cu to USB Flash disk ........................................................ 20 2.2.1 Chun kt ni USB ............................................................................................. 20 d,Giao thc truyn ....................................................................................................... 23 2.2.2 USB Flash disk(UFD) Drive: ............................................................................. 24 2.3 Thit k b chuyn i FDD USB: ........................................................................ 25 2.3.1 Phng php chuyn i: ................................................................................... 25 2.3.2 Thit k mch chuyn i FDD USB:............................................................. 27 Danh sch cc ti liu tham kho: ................................................................................... 32

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Li m u
Sau 5 tun thc t ti c s Vin T ng Ha KTQS - Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Qun s t ngy 04/06/2012 n 08/07/2012 v 3 tun thc tp chuyn su ti trng Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng t 09/07/2012 n 29/07/2012, em c tm hiu, nghin cu, tham gia vo qu trnh lao ng thc tin v chuyn nghnh mnh ang hc c c nhng bi hc c th v b ch cho sau ny ra trng v i lm vic. Qua gip cho em lm quen vi mi trng lm vic v trnh c nhng b ng do s khc bit gia hc l thuyt trong trng v thc tin c th ca cng vic. Em xin cm n cc thy, cc c trong khoa K thut in-in t - Hc vin Cng ngh Bu chnh Vin thng dy d, ch bo v to iu kin cho chng em hon thnh hc phn thc tp tt nghip t kt qu tt nht v hon thin kin thc cho bn thn. Em xin cm n cc c, cc ch, cc anh, cc ch trong Vin T ng, c bit l cc c, cc ch, cc anh, cc ch trong phng ng b to iu kin, hng dn v gip chng em c th c tham gia v thc hin cng vic c th ti n v, hon thnh tt kha thc tp . Trong thi gian thc tp em c nghin cu, tm hiu, thc hnh v qu trnh bin dch, xy dng chng trnh khi ng trn nn linux chy cho kit Mini 2440, v m rng hn l xy dng mt h iu hnh linux nhng ti u ha da trn Kernel Unix c sn nhm phc v nhng mc ch nht nh. Vy em xin bo co v qu trnh thc tp ca mnh trong thi gian qua, v nhng cng vic em c trc tip tham gia. EM XIN CHN THNH CM N!

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Bo co thc tp tt nghip Phn 1: Phn thc tp chung:

Chng 1: Tng quan v qu trnh thc tp tt nghip: 1.1 Thi gian thc tp: 05 tun (04/06 n 08/07/2012) 1.2 a im thc tp: Phng ng B, vin T ng Ha K Thut Qun S a ch: - 89 L Nam Q.Hon Kim - H Ni - 167 Ph Vin - Q.Long Bin - H Ni 1.3 Mc ch thc tp: *Mc ch chung: - Gip cho sinh vin c iu kin s dng nhng kin thc hc phn tch, gii quyt cc vn trong thc tin i sng. - Ngoi nhng kin thc hc trong trng, sinh vin cn bit su tm, tm hiu nhng kin thc mi, t , sinh vin t cng c v nng cao kin thc cho mnh. * Mc nh ring vi sinh vin in t: - Tm hiu lnh vc nghin cu v pht trin ca n v. - Bit c m hnh t chc nhn s ca mt n v, cch phn chia nhn s cho vic nghin cu thit k v pht trin sn phm,... - Tm hiu v chnh sch u i, chnh sc lin kt, hp tc cho vic nghin cu v pht trin ca n v. Cc phng thc tip nhn, chuyn giao cng ngh ca n v - Tm hiu qu trnh pht trin ca cng ngh, sn phm in t, vin thng v CNTT mi. T pht trin ng dng thc t v nh hng ca cng ngh tng lai. - Tm hiu v tham gia mt vi cng on trong qu trnh xy dng, thit k, ch to mt sn phm.C th l xy dng mt h iu hnh nhng da trn nn Linux.
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Bo co thc tp tt nghip

1.4 Kt qu t c: - Tham gia trc tip vo mt s giai on ca qu trnh nghin cu ch to, sn xut c th. - Vit bo co thu hoch sau khi hon thnh thi gian thc tp ti n v.

Chng 2: Gii thiu tng quan v Vin T ng Ha KTQS v cc lnh vc nghin cu ca vin 2.1 S lc lch s hnh thnh v pht trin Vin T ng Ha KTQS: Vin t ng ha KTQS l mt trong nhng vin trc thuc Vin Khoa Hc v Cng ngh Qun s. - Nm 1947, thnh lp Nha nghin cu k thut thuc Cc Qun gii, B Tng t lnh Qun i quc gia Vit Nam. K s, thiu tng Trn i Ngha c b nhim lm Cc trng kim Gim c u tin ca Nha nghin cu k thut Qun gii. y l c quan nghin cu khoa hc k thut v cng ngh qun s u tin ca Vit Nam v l t chc tin thn ca Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Qun s, Vin Thit k V kh, Vin Thuc phng- Thuc n v cc Vin, Phn vin nghin cu ca Qun i Vit Nam. - Nm 1950, Nha nghin cu k thut Qun gii i tn thnh Vin Nghin cu Qun gii trc thuc Tng cc Cung cp, B Tng t lnh Qun i Quc gia Vit Nam. Vin trng l K s Nguyn Trinh Tip, Vin ph l K s Hong nh Phu v K s Phm ng in. - Nm 1960, Cc Nghin cu K thut (Vin K thut Qun s), trc thuc Tng cc Hu cn, B Quc phng Vit Nam c thnh lp trn c s Vin Nghin cu Qun gii. Cc trng l Thiu tng Trn Sm, ph ch nhim Tng cc Hu cn kim nhim; Cc ph l i t, k s Hong nh Phu. - Ngy 10 thng 9 nm 1974, Thc hin Ngh quyt ca Qun y Trung ng (s39/QUTW ngy 5 thng 4), Hi ng Chnh ph ra Ngh nh (s 221/CP) thnh lp Tng cc K thut thuc B Quc phng. Vin K thut Qun s trc thuc Tng cc K thut, B Quc phng Vit Nam.
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Bo co thc tp tt nghip

- Nm 1987, Vin K thut Qun s chuyn sang trc thuc B Quc phng Vit Nam. - Ngy 10 Thng 09 nm 1999, Th tng Chnh ph quyt nh thnh lp Trung tm Khoa hc k thut v Cng ngh qun s trc thuc B Quc phng trn c s sp xp v t chc li Vin K thut qun s v cc Vin K thut khc ca B Quc phng. Th trng B Quc phng, Trung tng, ph gio s, Vin s Trng Khnh Chu c kim nhim Gim c Trung tm (1999-2002). - Nm 2008, Trung tm i tn thnh Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh qun s.

2.2 Lnh vc nghin cu v pht trin ca n v: Vin T ng Ha KTQS Vin T ng ha k thut qun s l n v nghin cu chuyn ngnh cng ngh cao, trc thuc Vin Khoa hc - Cng ngh Qun s, B Quc phng. Vi chc nng nghin cu khoa hc k thut v ng dng cng ngh t ng ha phc v quc phng, an ninh v kinh t - x hi, nn Vin c v tr quan trng trong s nghip xy dng v bo v T quc, xy dng qun i nhn dn cch mng, chnh quy, tinh nhu, tng bc hin i.Nhim v ca Vin bao gm nhiu ni dung, trn nhiu lnh vc v mang tnh c th; trng tm l nghin cu khoa hc k thut cng ngh Qun s trong lnh vc t ng ha; ng dng cc thnh tu mi v cng ngh t ng ha vo ci tin, hin i ha v kh, trang b k thut phc v hun luyn, sn sng chin u v sn xut quc phng; ng thi, tham gia xy dng, pht trin tim lc khoa hc cng ngh ca t nc, o to ngun nhn lc cho cc hc vin, nh trng qun i v t chc hp tc, chuyn giao cng ngh vi cc c quan nghin cu trong v ngoi nc... - Trin khai ng dng, thnh tu khoa hc k thut cng ngh. Thit k,pht trin, sn xut, bo dng cc thit b chuyn dng qun s. - Nghin cu khoa hc, xy dng quy trnh cng ngh. - Chuyn giao cng ngh, thc hin cc nhim v khoa hc, k thut. - Hp tc khoa hc k thut v cng ngh vi cc c s nghin cu. - Tham gia cc hot ng kinh t gn vi chc nng nhim v chuyn mn.
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2.3 M hnh t chc: 2.3.1 C cu chung:

Vin Khoa Hc Cng Ngh Qun S

Vin t ng ha KTQS

Vin A, B, C ...

Phng ng b

Phng ...

Ban hu cn

Nhm phn mm

Nhm phn cng

- Vin KHCNQS: l c quan qun l cp cao ca Vin t ng ha KTQS, a ra chin lc, k hoch , hng pht trin v nghin cu cho Vin. - Vin t ng ha KTQS: chu trch nhim iu hnh, qun l s hot ng v cng vic ca cc phng, ban trc thuc Vin theo mc tiu v nh hng ra. ng u l Vin trng, sau l Vin ph v trng cc phng, cc ban. - Cc phng, ban: trc tip nghin cu, thc hin cc cng vic c giao.

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2.3.2 C cu phng ng B:

Trng phng

Ph phng

Nhm phn mm

Nhm phn cng

Nhn vin 1

Nhn vin 2

Nhn vin 3

Nhn vin...

Nhn vin 1

Nhn vin 2

Nhn vin 3

Nhn vin...

- Trng phng: Gim st, qun l nhn vin trong phng, quyt nh mt s cng vic trong kh nng v quyn hn ca mnh. - Ph phng: H tr, gip trng phng thc hin tt cng vic qun l v gim st cc nhn vin v qu trnh nghin cu, hot ng ca phng, thay mt cho trng phng quyt nh mt s cng vic trong quyn hn ca mnh. - Nhn vin: l nhng ngi trc tip thc hin cng vic, nghin cu, ch to, sn xut cc sn phm theo yu cu ca Vin v p ng cng vic theo nhm ca mnh. - Cc nhn vin trong phng trao i trc tip vi nhau gip thc hin lin kt tt hn gia cc b phn, gia phn cng v phn mm

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Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Chng 3: Tm hiu, x l, bin dch linux nhng trn kit Mini 2440: *M t cng vic: - Thc hnh lm quen mi trng linux. - Thc hnh np chng trnh c sn ln Kit Mini 2440 v thit lp khi ng cho kit theo yu cu c nhn - Thc hin bin dch ti u ha nhn linux phc v theo mt mc ch nht nh: Trong trng hp ny l iu ch nhn linux chy trn Kit Mini 2440 phc v x l, m ha d liu v thc hin qu trnh truyn nhn d liu qua WLan, RF(Thng qua cng COM). Linux nhng xy dng c cn phi c dung lng ti u nht nhng vn m bo cc yu cu k thut v tnh n nh. - Xy dng chng trnh ng dng trn nn Mini Guide x l d liu v giao tip ngoi vi thng qua cng COM, WLan. - Thit lp khi ng trc tip n giao din chng trnh trn kit Mini 2440 3.1 Ci t Linux trn kit Mini 2440: 3.1.1 Np qua NFS: *Cc bc chnh: - Ci t uboot thay cho Super vivi c sn trn kit - Ci t NFS - Ci t TFTP - Cu hnh IP trn PC *Chun b: - Board mini 2440 ( nand 256MB ) - Ci t minicom hoc putty giao tip rs232. - File nh ca u-boot, kernel 2.6.32 dng uImage, RFS GPE v Qtopia dng khng nn. - Cp usb, cp rs232, cp rs232 to usb, cp mng. * Thc hin: Step1: ci t minicom + Trn terminal g sudo apt-get install minicom + Khi ng minicom bng lnh sudo minicom

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+ Trn ca s ci t minicom chn Serial port setup ci t cc thng s nh: Bps/par/bits 115200 8N1, Hardware Flow Control: No. + Chn save setup dfl lu mc nh cho thit lp. + Chn exit Step2: ci t uboot. + Gt sang NOR trn kit, kt ni my tnh qua usb, rs232, reset board. Chn q trn giao din minicom terminal. + t trc trn ram khong trng cho uboot load vo. Supervivi> load ram 0x31000000 239016 u + Trn ca s terminal khc. Duyt n th mc cha file uboot bng lnh cd , lit k file ls , thng tin cc file ll . + Chmod cho th mc chnh cha cc file lin quan trong qu trnh lm: Sudo chmod R 777 mini2440 + Load file uboot.bin xung ram qua usb bng s3c2410_boot_usb Root@ubuntu:~/mini2440$ sudo ./s3c2410_boot_usb u-boot-256M.bin + Tr li ca s ter vivi, g lnh sau thc thi uboot. Supervivi> go 0x31000000 + Thy thng bo Hit any key to stop autoboot bm phm bt k. + Xem thng tin ca nand MINI2440 # nand info + Xa mi th trn nand MINI2440 # nand scrub + To phn vng mi cho nand MINI2440 # nand createbbt + Xem thng tin cc phn vng trn nand MINI2440 # mtdparts + Ghi uboot trn ram ln nand MINI2440 # nand write 0x31000000 u-boot Step 3: ci t NFS + G lnh : sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server nfs-common portmap + Edit file exports., m file bng gedit: sudo gedit /etc/exports + Thm ng dn vo dng cui vo file exporrts, l ng dn n th mc RFS gii nn:
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/home/mrtee/mini2440/RFS *(rw,sync,no_root_squash,subtree_check) + Restart NFS server bng lnh: sudo service nfs-kernel-server restart Step 4: ci t TFTP + Ci t gi: sudo apt-get install dnsmasq + M file conf bng lnh : sudo gedit /etc/dnsmasq.conf + B uncomment v edit li cc dng sau, ng dn n file uImage: enable-tftp tftp-root=/home/mrtee/mini2440 + Restart fpft server bng lnh: sudo service dnsmasq restart Step 5: Ci t bin environment setenv ipaddr 192.168.1.2 setenv serverip 192.168.1.1 setenv netmask 255.255.255.0 setenv root_nfs /home/mrtee/mini2440/RFS setenv set_root_nfs 'setenv root_nfs root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=${serverip}:${root_nfs}' setenv ifconfig_static 'setenv ifconfig ip=${ipaddr}:${serverip}::${netmask}:mini2440:eth0 ' setenv set_bootargs_nfs 'run set_root_nfs; setenv bootargs ${bootargs_base} ${bootargs_init} ${mini2440} ${root_nfs} ${ifconfig}' setenv bootcmd 'tftp 0x31000000 uImage;bootm 0x31000000' run ifconfig_static run set_bootargs_nfs

Step 6: Kim tra li cc bin mi trng bng lnh printenv * Kt qu t c: - Load thnh cng Linux xung kit. - Cu hnh a ch IP cng LAN cho kit. 3.1.2 Np qua Sdcard: *Cc bc chnh: - Ci t uboot thay cho Super vivi c sn trn kit
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- Download Linux Kernel xung kit. - Download RFS xung kit.

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

*Chun b: - Board mini 2440 ( nand 256MB ) - Ci t minicom hoc putty giao tip rs232. - File nh ca u-boot, kernel 2.6.32 dng uImage, RFS GPE v Qtopia dng khng nn. - Cp usb, cp rs232, cp rs232 to usb, cp mng. * Thc hin: Step1: ci t minicom + Trn terminal g sudo apt-get install minicom + Khi ng minicom bng lnh sudo minicom + Trn ca s ci t minicom chn Serial port setup ci t cc thng s nh: Bps/par/bits 115200 8N1, Hardware Flow Control: No. + Chn save setup DFL lu mc nh cho thit lp. + Chn exit Step2: ci t uboot. + Gt sang NOR trn kit, kt ni my tnh qua usb, rs232, reset board. Chn q trn giao din minicom terminal. + t trc trn ram khong trng cho uboot load vo. Supervivi> load ram 0x31000000 239016 u + Trn ca s terminal khc. Duyt n th mc cha file uboot bng lnh cd , lit k file ls , thng tin cc file ll . + Chmod cho th mc chnh cha cc file lin quan trong qu trnh lm: Sudo chmod R 777 mini2440 + Load file uboot.bin xung ram qua usb bng s3c2410_boot_usb Root@ubuntu:~/mini2440$ sudo ./s3c2410_boot_usb u-boot-256M.bin + Tr li ca s ter vivi, g lnh sau thc thi uboot. Supervivi> go 0x31000000 + Thy thng bo Hit any key to stop autoboot bm phm bt k. + Xem thng tin ca nand MINI2440 # nand info + Xa mi th trn nand MINI2440 # nand scrub
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+ To phn vng mi cho nand MINI2440 # nand createbbt + Xem thng tin cc phn vng trn nand MINI2440 # mtdparts + Ghi uboot trn ram ln nand MINI2440 # nand write 0x31000000 u-boot Step 3: ci t nhn linux xung kit + Set a ch offset khi ghi cc bin mi trng vo nand flash, thng trnh vic ghi ln uboot th nn bt u t phn vng env bng lnh: MINI2440 # dynenv set 40000 + Khi to th nh MINI2440 # mmcinit + Ci t phn mm Gparted format th nh: Sudo apt-get install gparted + Format th nh thnh 2 phn vng RFS v Kernel nh dng ext2 + Load file uImage xung ram: MINI2440 # ext2load mmc 0:2 0x31000000 uImage + Ghi xung nand phn vng kernel: MINI2440 # nand write 0x31000000 kernel Step 4: ci t RFS + Xa phn vng root: MINI2440 # nand erase root + Khi to th nh: MINI2440 # mmcinit + Load file nh RFS gpe-image-micro2440.jffs2 xung ram: MINI2440 # ext2load mmc 0:3 0x31000000 gpe-image-micro2440.jffs2 + Ghi ln nand: MINI2440 # nand write.jffs2 0x31000000 root ${filesize} + set v save bin environment MINI2440 # setenv bootcmd nboot.e kernel \; bootm MINI2440 # saveenv * Kt qu t c: - Load thnh cng Linux xung kit. - Khi ng Linux dng dng lnh GPE.

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3.2 Thc hin bin dch nhn Kernel: 3.2.1 Nguyn l Boot Opera System

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

- Khi bt cng tc ngun, Chip load lnh trc tip n BIOS, BIOS s lm cng vic u tin l kim tra nhng phn cng c bn ( a cng, bn phm, chut...) c ni vo my tnh. Nhng phn cng ny s c ln lt np Driver (BIOS c sn cc driver ny) chng ta c th s dng cc thit b ny ngay sau khi khi ng xong. - Da vo nhng thit lp trn BIOS, chip s ngp chng trnh khi ng t a ch m BIOS a ra. Trong trng hp ny, ta s st khi ng t cng: BIOS s gi a ch ca cng v c th l sector u tin ca a cng c gi l MBR (Master Boot Record), n y, h iu hnh cha thc s c khi ng m thc t ch l BIOS y trch nhim khi ng tip cho MBR. - Khi truy xut vo MBR, MBR s khng np h iu hnh ngay m n s xc nh xem trong a cng c bao nhiu phn vng v h iu hnh no ang chim phn vng v phn vng no s c u tin khi ng. xc nh phn vng no c u tin khi ng th phn vng s c nh du kch hot (nh du Active, ch ch Primary mi c kh nng c c Active). Khi tm thy MBR s np Sector u tin ca phn vng vo b nh. V n lc ny Sector u tin ca phn vng s thc hin qu trnh np cc tp tin khi ng h iu hnh. V Sector u tin ca phn vng c gi l Boot Sector. BootSector: l khu cha thng tin v tp tin ch trn a. N cng cho nhng thng tin quan trng nh l phn vng ln nh th no v bt u phn vng u. Phn quan trng ca boot sector l gi sao lu chnh n v sao lu s c tm thy phn cui cng ca phn vng. *Trn Linux: Linux s dng Grub4Dos khi ng. Boot Sector ch n v tr file GRLDR, grldr s c ni dung file Menu.lst gi chng trnh. y, linux s dng mt tp tin nh IMG (nh chp nh dng a mm ging nh ISO l file nh ca CD/DVD) v load vo Ram. File nh ny thng c nn vi nh dng CAB, Gzip... v b i tn ui nn t ai nhn ra. - Trch nhim Boot c y sang cho h iu hnh np t trong file IMG. File IMG ca linux: Ty tng phin bn linux m h iu hnh trong file IMG c nhng chc nng khc nhau nhng v c bn th trong file IMG ny c mt phn nhn Kernel cng vi giao din GPE (ging nh giao din DOS ca Microsoft) v bt u thc hin lnh gi nhn Kernel cng Driver t a cng vo ram. Hon thnh qu trnh khi ng h iu hnh

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Bo co thc tp tt nghip

- Tip theo, h iu hnh(Linux) gi n cc chng trinhg, giao din h thng, b xung driver... c c giao din hon tt. *Linux trn Kit Mini2440: s dng super vivi khi ng gi n Linux trn NAND 3.2.2 Qu trnh compile nhn Kernel. 3.2.2.1. Cng c: arm-linux-gcc-4.4.3. Source code kernel : linux-2.6.32.2-mini2440_20110413 (). Uboot-mkimage. 3.2.2.2. Qu trnh thc hin: Download mkimage:
sudo apt-get install gcc make binutils ncurses-dev perl uboot-mkimage

Download kernel + tools:

http://www.friendlyarm.net/dl.php?file=linux-2.6.32.2-mini2440_20110413.tgz http://www.friendlyarm.net/dl.php?file=arm-linux-gcc-4.4.3.tgz cd Downloads/

Gii nn:
sudo tar xvzf arm-linux-gcc-4.4.3.tgz -C/ cd

Chnh file.bashrc:
gedit .bashrc

copy ng dn : PATH=PATH:/opt/FriendlyARM/toolchain/4.4.3/bin vo dng cui cng trong file .bashrc. Save file li.
mkdir mini2440

Gii nn file linux.2.6.32.2-mini2440 ti v vo th mc mini2440

cd mini2440/linux-2.6.32.2/ cp config _mini2440_t35 .config make menuconfig

Thc hin la chn cc tnh nng cn c trong kernel.

make uImage

3.2.2.3. Kt qu, kim tra: File uImage c compile t trong ng dn: ..//linux-2.6.32.2/arch/arm/boot. =>Trong qu trnh bung nn, ta c th thm bt cc chng trnh v thay i menu boot to cc file trong th mc scripts, lib v c th c trong urs ty theo mc ch ca tng ngi!
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Phn 2 Phn thc tp chuyn su:

Chng 1: Tng quan v qu trnh thc tp: 1.3 Thi gian thc tp: 03 tun (08/07 n 01/08/2012) 1.4 a im thc tp: Hc vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng a ch: Km10 ng Nguyn Tri H ng H Ni 1.3 Mc ch thc tp: *Mc ch chung: - Gip cho sinh vin tip tc c iu kin s dng nhng kin thc hc t mnh thit k ra mt sn phm hon chnh. - Gip cho sinh vin hon chnh kin thc hn. * Mc nh ring vi sinh vin in t: - To iu kin cho sinh vin trc tip thit k ra mt sn phm thc t c tnh dng c v tnh ng dng cao. - Gip cho sinh vin t thit k, ch to ra mt sn phm in t mang phong cch ca ring mnh v qu trnh thit k hon ton c lp, khng c nh hng sn ca gio vin hng dn m phi t tm ti tm hiu thit k xy dng. 1.4 Kt qu t c: - Trc tip nghin cu, thit k ra mt sn phm c th: Thit b chuyn i FDD - USB s dng cho my khm bnh, n Piano, my khoan ct cng nghip... c v ang s dng chun FDD nhng cha h tr chun USB - Vit bo co thu hoch hon chnh.
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Chng 2: Thit k xy dng, ch to mch chuyn i FDD USB * M t cng vic: Theo nhp pht trin ca khoa hc k thut, cc thit b s cng pht trin vt bc em li tc x l cao hn, dung lng cao hn v chuyn nghip hn. V thit b lu tr d liu cm tay cng vy. Cn nh cch y 5 n 10 nm, mi ngi vn s dng a mm lm thit b lu tr cm tay, va cng knh va kh bo qun. V hin nay, chng ta s hu trong tay nhng chic USB Flash Disk nh xu vi dung lng ln hn c nghn ln nhng chic a mm kia. Tuy nhin, do iu kin kinh t khng cho php nn nhiu cng ty, nh my, bnh vin, trng hc,... v c c c nhn m cha c iu kin nng cp cc thit b c ln phin bn cao hn. D thy nht l trong rt nhiu bnh vin, cc thit b h tr khm cha bnh vn cn dng a mm lm thit b lu tr chnh, hay nhng cy n Piano c... Vic thay ton b s my tn mt khon tin khng nh. Vy cn phi c nhng thit b c kh nng chuyn i c th s dng c USB thay th cho nhng chic a mm kia: Nghin cu thit k ch to mch chuyn i FDD - USB - Tm hiu chun kt ni Floppy Disk Drive, chun USB v phng php truyn nhn d liu ca 2 chun ny. - Tm hiu cu to v hot ng ca USB Flash Disk Drive. - Nghin cu phng php chuyn i t chun FDD sang chun USB s dng USB flash lm b nh. - Thit k thit b chuyn i FDD - USB 2.1 Chun kt ni FDD v cu to a mm 2.1.1 FDD ( Floppy Disk Drive - a mm) Cng dng: c v ghi d liu vo a mm. Thit k ban u FDD c kch thc 8 inch. Tuy nhin phin bn c s dng rng ri u tin c kch thc l 5.25 inch . Phin bn cui cng ca FDD c kch thc l 3.5 inch.
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FDD c nhng nh dng dung lng a c nh:

Kch thc a (Inch) 3,5 3,5 3,5 5,25 5,25 5,25 5,25 5,25 Dung lng a (KB) Media descriptor byte Mt cha d liu Track mi mt Sector trn mi track Byte trn mi sector Sector trn mi cluster Tng s sector trn a 2.880 1.440 720 F0h 2 80 36 512 2 F0h 2 80 18 512 1 F9h 2 80 9 512 2 1.200 360 F9h 2 80 15 512 1 2 40 9 512 2 320 2 40 8 512 2 640 630 315 180 1 40 9 512 1 360 351 351 160 1 40 8 512 1 320 313 313 FDh FFh FCh FEh

5.760 2.880 1.440 2.400 720

Tng s sector sn sng 5.726 2.847 1.426 2.371 708 Tng s cluster sn sng 2.863 2.847 713 2.371 354

Cu to: *a: + Cc vng trn mu nu gi l cc Track: D liu c lu tr ti y. + Phn mu vng gi l Sector: Track l tp hp cc Sectors + a mm c lm t nha mng c ph lp oxit st c t tnh ln b mt. + Vic ghi, xa d liu s c thc hin bng cch tc ng t trng ln b mt a. + a mm c th xa v s dng li nhiu ln. + Cng ngh r tin. *Cc b phn chnh trong a mm: + u c/ ghi ( Read/write heads): Nm c hai mt ca a. C hai mt c th ng thi hot ng.Tuy vy, c hai u c/ghi s khng hot ng i din nhau nhm trnh nh hng n mi mt ca a.
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Chng cng khng chm vo mt a mi khi di chuyn. + ng c: Dng quay a mm. + ng c bc: ng c s c iu khin chnh xc s vng quay di chuyn u c/ghi n ng v tr ca cc tracks. + Mechanical Frame: H thng n by nhm m/ng ca s bo v trn a mm. T u c/ghi c th tip xc vi a mm. + Bng mch: H thng cc link kin in t nhm c v ghi d liu ln a; iu khin ng c bc di chuyn cc u c/ghi. *Cch ghi d liu ln a: + My tnh s gi lnh ghi d liu n a mm. + a mm nhn c lnh s bt u quay 2 motor trong ( 1 quay a, 1 iu khin u c/ghi). + Trc khi c ghi, trn u c/ghi s c mt b phn l erase coil m nhn vic xa cc sector m nh ghi d liu ln. Vng b xa s rng hn so vi vng c ghi d liu, nhm m bo d liu gia cc sector s khng nh hng ln nhau. 2.1.2 Chun kt ni FDD - Trn my vi tnh thng trang b 2 a mm l A v B. C hai c kt ni vi nhau bng cp xon v giao tip vi cpu thng qua khe cm Floppy controller ( 34 chn).

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Bng chc nng cc chn ca Floppy Controller Pin Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 4 Pin 5 Pin 6 Pin 7 Pin 8 Pin 9 Pin 10 Pin 11 Pin 12 Pin 13 Pin 14 Pin 15 Pin 16 Pin 17 Pin 18 Pin 19 Pin 20 Pin 21 Pin 22 Pin 23 Pin 24 Pin 25 Pin 26 Pin 27 Pin 28 Pin 29 Pin 30 Pin 31 Pin 32 Pin 33 Pin 34 Chc nng Ground (t) Unused ( khng s dng) Ground (t) Unused ( khng s dng) Ground (t) Unused ( khng s dng) Ground (t) Index Ground (t) Motor Enable A Ground (t) Drive Seclect B Ground (t) Drive Seclect A Ground (t) Motor Enable B Ground (t) Direction (Stepper motor) Ground (t) Step Pulse Ground (t) Write Data Ground (t) Write Enable Ground (t) Track 0 Ground (t) Write Protect Ground (t) Read Data Ground (t) Seclect Head 1 Ground (t) Ground (t)

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Floppy Disk Controller: IC s dng: NEC PD765, Intel 8072A or 82072A.

(S khi giao tip gia PC v FDD) Chc nng: + M ha d liu t a mm thnh cc inh dng (format) MFM, GCR cpu c th c c. + Thc hin cc lnh tm kim (seek), c (read), ghi (write), nh dng (format) t cpu. + Thc hin lnh pht hin li CRC. + ng b ha d liu vi PLL (Phase-locked Loop). + La chn a mm. + iu khin cc motor trong a mm. + Bt ngt FDC hoc bt tn hiu ngt DMA. + Reset FDC. I/O port ( Cng vo ra): 3 loi chn + Data Port + Main Status Register (MST) + Control Port Port Address Loi V tr Kiu (a ch, m Hex) 3F5 Data FDC Ic 2 chiu 3F4 MST FDC Ic Input 3F2 Control Mch ngoi Output D08DTMT Hc vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng Page 19

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+ Data Port: Truyn d liu sang cpu v nhn lnh t cpu. + MST: c trng thi ca FDC Ic v FDD. Bit Chc nng 0 FDD 0: Busy in seek mode 1 FDD 1: Busy in seek mode 2 FDD 2: Busy in seek mode 3 FDD 3: Busy in seek mode 4 FDC Busy; Read/Write command in progress 5 Non-DMA mode 6 DIO; ch th hng truyn d liu gia FDD v CPU 7 MQR; ch th Thanh ghi sn sng truyn d liu (Chc nng ca tng bit khi qua port MST) Ch thch FDD1,2,3,4 FDC h tr 4 FDD. ng vi gi tr bit l 1=running; l 0=not running Non-DMA Gi tr bit bng 1:Controller Not in DMA Mode; 0:Controller In DMA Mode DIO Gi tr bit bng 1:chuyn d liu ln CPU; 0:Nhn d liu t CPU MQR Gi tr bit l 1 = data register ready; l 0 = data register not ready FDD Gi tr bit l 1 = busy; l 0 = not busy busy + Control Port: iu khin mt s chc nng nh bt/ tt cc ng c, bt ngt, DMA Bit 0-1 2 3 4 -7 Chc nng Device number to be selected RESET FDC IC (Low) Enable FDC interrupt and DMA request signals Turn ON the motor in disk drive 0, 1, 2 or 3 respectively

2.2 Chun kt ni USB v cu to USB Flash disk 2.2.1 Chun kt ni USB

a, USB (Universal Serial Bus) l mt chun kt ni tun t trong my tnh. USB s dng kt ni cc thit b ngoi vi vi my tnh, chng thng c thit k di dng cc u cm cho cc thit b tun theo chun cm-l-chy (plug-and-play) m vi tnh nng gn nng (hot swapping) thit b (cm v ngt cc thit b khng cn phi khi ng li h thng). - Cng USB (Universal Serial Bus) thc cht l mt bus ni tip c pht trin bi mt nhm gm nhiu cng ty: Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC v Nortel. tng khi xy dng cng USB l pht trin mt cng c th kt d dng n nhiu thit b m rng khc nhau. Bus USB c pht trin qua mt s phin bn sau: D08DTMT Hc vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng Page 20

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+ USB 1.0: c gii thiu vo nm 1996, l phin bn u tin. Tc truyn d liu gia my tnh v thit b kt ni c th t c l 12Mbit/s. + USB 1.1: c gii thiu vo nm 1997 k tha v pht trin t USB 1.0. Bn cnh nhng tnh nng ca USB 1.0, USB 1.1 h tr hai tc truyn l: 12Mbit/s cho thit b (Full speed) v 1,5Mbit/s cho cc thit b c tc thp (low speed). + USB 2.0: c gii thiu vo nm 2000, vi tnh tng thch vi cc phin bn trc v thm la chn tc cao 480Mbit/s (High-Speed). Thng 12 nm 2000 cng ty ECN a ra chun u ni kiu mi (kiu u ni B). + USB 3.0 ra i t nm 2008, tc c th gp hng chc ln tc ca phin bn USB 2.0. Vi cc my tnh c sn xut gn y u trang b mt s cng giao tip USB cho php d dng kt ni n cc thit b c h tr USB nh: my in, my qut hnh, camera, cc thit b o lng, V mt phn mm t phin bn OEM 2.1 ca Windows 95 bt u c h tr mt s tnh nng. Trong phin bn Windows 98 mt s thit b c cung cp trnh iu khin thit b (Device Driver) km theo Windows. Cc gi phn mn h tr cho cng USB tip mtc xy dng v tch hp trong cc phin bn ca Windows Me, Windows 2000 v Windows XP lm cho cng USB tr ln rt thng dng. Mt s c im ca bus USB l: + D dng s dng: khng phi quan tm nhiu n cu hnh v ci t chi tit. iu khin lung d liu thng qua b m bng vic qun l giao thc t sn bn trong + Nhanh: giao din khng b tht c chai vi cc thit b truyn thng chm. + Tin cy: t xy ra do c c ch t ng sa cha li. + Mm do: c th kt ni nhiu loi thit b vi giao din ny. + Cung cp ngun trn bus: iu ny rt thun tin cho cc thit b xch tay vi dng tiu th nh c th c cung cp thng qua bus. + c h tr bi h thng: khi mt thit b c u ni vo, h thng t pht hin v gi phn mm ci t cho chng. c tnh ngy gi l cm nng (Plus and Play) l mt trong nhng c tnh m cc cng trc khng nh LPT hay RS232 khng c c. + Kt ni nhiu thit b: c th kt ni n 127 thit b c cu hnh v tc khc nhau trn mt h thng bus USB. b,Cc kiu truyn d liu qua cng USB: - Truyn iu khin (Control Transfers): thng s dng ci t phn cng v a ra cc lnh cho iu khin thit b. Kiu truyn ny c lm vic mc u tin cao vi kh nng kim sot li t ng. Mi gi tin c th truyn ln n 64byte. - Truyn ngt (Interrupt Transfers): s dng cho cc thit b cn cung cp mt lng d liu nh (ch truyn theo hng vo) v tun hon chng hn nh: chut, bn phm u s dng kiu truyn ngt. Khng ging nh c ch ngt, y khng c yu cu ngt c gi ti ch USB m my tnh s hi vng theo chu k xem c thit b no gi d liu ti khng. Thng thit b gi ti ch my tnh 8 byte d liu trong mt ln truyn. Cc thit b s dng kiu truyn ngt nh bn phm, chut hay cng c th dng cho mt thit b o lng khc.

- Truyn theo khi (Bulk Transfers): khi c lng d liu ln cn truyn v cn kim sot li truyn, nhng li khng c yu cu thc p v thi gian truyn
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th d liu thng c truyn theo kiu khi. Kiu truyn ny thng p dng cho cc thit b nh my in, my qut. - Truyn ng b (Isochronous Transfers): khi lng d liu cn truyn ln vi tc d liu c qui nh, chng hn nh dng cho card m thanh th thng p dng truyn ng b. Theo cch truyn ny mt gi tr tc d liu xc nh c duy tr. Vic hiu chnh li khng c thc hin v cc li l t cng khng gy nh hng ng k n cht lng cuc truyn. Trong lnh vc o lng v iu khin bng my tnh thng s dng kiu truyn iu khin v c mc u tin cao v c th kim sot c li. Ngoi ra cn c th thc hin c giao thc truyn ring trong mt s trng hp ng dng c th tip tc x l. c,Giao din vt l:
Bus USB c hai kiu u ni thng dng: kiu A v kiu B, thit k nh vy nhm mc ch khng xy ra u ni nhm gia u cm vi thit b v u cm vi Hub. Khc vi chun RS 232, vic u ni bus USB khng chia ra cc kiu u ni khc nhau, chng hn ni thng v bt cho. Bus USB s dng mt Cable bn si dy ni vi cc thit b, trong mt cp ng truyn hai si xon c dng lm cc d liu vi sai (D+ v D-) cn hai dy lm ngun nui 5V v ni t (GND)

( Cable USB ) Cable ni lun thc hin s lin kt 1:1, ngha l Cable ch ni vi Hub v thit b. Kt ni qua Cable USB s dng 4 ng dn c mu khc nhau qui nh cho cc tn hiu trn bus.

( Cc dy dn trong USB ) Mt c tnh khc l cc thit b USB c th c tc truyn d liu khc nhau: tc thp (Low Speed) v tc ton phn (Full Speed). Nn c th xy ra trng hp cc thit b c tc cao li c kt ni vi my tnh qua mt Cable c tc truyn thp. khc phc tnh trng ny tt c cc Cable ni u c ch to thch ng vi tc cao. Loi Cable truyn vi tc thp c ch nh dng cho cc thit b, c th c nh sn xut ch r khi cung cp. D08DTMT Hc vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng Page 22

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Qua cm USB c th ly ra n p +5V vi dng in tiu th khong 100mA, trong mt s trng hp c th ly ra dng ln n 500mA. Hai ng dn D+ v D- cho php u ni vi cc chip USB chuyn dng hay cc vi iu khin c tch hp thm giao tip USB. Tn hiu trn hai ng D+ v D- l cc tn hiu vi sai vi mc in p bng 0/3.3V. in p ngun nui USB c th ln ti a +5.25V v khi chu dng ti ln c th gim xung + 4.2V. Khi ghp ni cc thit b vi bus USB thng phi phn bit r cc thit b s dng ngun nui ring, chng hn nh my in vi cc thit b nhn in p ngun nui qua bus (Bus Powered). Trong nhiu trng hp c hai ch ngun nui c th cng tn ti cho php la chn theo cch thit k ca USB, dng tiu th ly t bus c t ng hn ch. Khi dng tiu th vt qu gii hn cho php th in p cung cp t ng c ngt. Cc thit b USB c chia ra gm 3 ch ngun: + Low power: dng thit b c cung cp ti a 100mA, in p 4.4V5.25V. + High power: dng thit b c cung cp ti a 500mA, in p 4.7V 5.25V. + Ch Self power: ngun nui c cung cp t ngoi. My tnh nhn bit c mt thit b Low Speed (1.5Mbps) hay Full Speed (12Mbps) c cm vo thng qua in p trn trn chn D+ hay trn chn D- nhy ln mc cao. V vy, khi thit k cc mch giao tip vi my tnh qua cng USB cn ch ni chn D+ ln ngun nui (+5V) i vi thit b Full - Speed. Cn i vi thit b Low Speed cn ni chn D- ni ln ngun nui. d,Giao thc truyn Cc trng trong truyn thng USB: Th t bit c truyn qua bus USB l bit c trng s nh nht (LSB) c truyn u tin cho n bit MSB. USB c 4 loi gi truyn trn bus l: gi nhn dng (Token), gi d liu (Data), gi khi u khung (Start Of Frame) v gi bt tay (Handshake). Trong mi gi li gm c nhiu trng, truyn thng USB c cc loi trng sau: - Trng ng b (SYNC) Tt c cc gi u c bt u bng trng SYNC, l chui nh phn m NRZI (Non Return to Zero Inverted) ca chui KJKJKJ. Vic s dng SYNC lm khi u cho mt gi n ging nh bit Start trong RS 232. Tt c cc gi u gii hn gia SOP (Start Of - Packet) v EOP (End Of Packet). - Trng nhn dng (PID): Theo sau ngay trng SYNC trong mi gi ca USB, gi c chiu di 8bit gm 4bit thp l 4bit nhn dng gi, 4bit cao l o ca 4bit thp nhm kim sot li khi truyn. Trng PID m t loi gi s c truyn sau n. C ch USB v cc thit b USB u nhn bit c cc m trng nhn dng c qui nh. Nu m nhn c l khng nm trong cc m qui nh ch USB s khng h tr. Sau y l bng danh sch m trng nhn dng ca cc loi gi trong USB.

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( Cc loi gi truyn trong USB ) - Trng a ch (ADDR): L a ch ring truy cp ti thit b. Thit b c th nhn d liu hay truyn d liu v my ch (ph thuc vo gi tr gi nhn dng PID) thng qua a ch ca n. Trng a ch s dng 7 bit [A0 A6]. Trng a ch c trong cc gi IN, SETUP, OUT. Mi a ch, ch nh cho mt thit b n l khi bt u c cp ngun cc thit b c a ch mc nh l zero v ch USB nhn bng m t ca thit b thng qua a ch mc nh ny. - Trng im cui (End Point): Mt trng im cui s dng 4 bit cho php la chn im cui trong thit b. Tr im cui zero, s im cui l ring bit cho tng thit b chc nng. Mt im cui l a ch ca mt b m trong thit b, trng a ch c nh ngha trong cc gi IN, SETUP v OUT. T im cui ti ch USB thit lp mt knh trao i thng tin gi l ng ng. Tt c cc thit b chc nng u h tr mt ng ng mc nh vi im cui l zero, ch USB s trao i vi thit b mi gn vo thng qua ng ng ny. - Trng s khung: Trng s khung c di 11bit, n c gi trong gi SOF (Start Of Frame Packets). SOF c gi bi ch USB theo chu k 1ms - 0.005ms. - Trng d liu: Trng d liu c di t 0 n 1023byte, cc byte c gi i ln lt. Trong mi byte d liu bit d liu nh nht c gi trc v cui cng l bit bit c trong s ln nht (Msb)

2.2.2 USB Flash disk(UFD) Drive: a,Cu to USB Flash Disk: - Cng kt ni: Vi 4 ng cp chc nng nh hnh
v trn gm: Gnd, Data-, Data+, +5 V - IC giao tip: Ic iu khin l mt dng vi

x l chuyn dng, iu khin vic kt ni, truyn nhn v lu tr d liu. - Chp nh Flash: l ni lu tr d liu thc s v kh nng lu tr nhiu hay t ty thuc vo chip nh.
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- Thch anh: l ni to xung clock ng b cho h thng hot ng - Cc linh kin ph tr khc nh t, tr, iot, trans, IC n p.... - Thnh phn gi vai tr quan trng trong mi USB ni chung v trn UDF ni ring ng vai tr l phn hn ca USB chnh l Firmware. Firmware s qun l thng tin ca USB(thng tin a ch b nh, qun l hot ng, tc c ghi d liu...) thc hin giao tip vi my tnh.

b,Hot ng ca USB Flash disk: - V c bn, USB flash disk l mt thit b nhng giao tip vi my tnh qua cng kt ni USB s dng IC Vi iu khin. Khi kt ni USB Flash disk vo my tnh hoc cc thit b h tr cng USB, n s gi ln my tnh thng tin ca mnh: nh dng thit b(B nh gn ngoi), chun kt ni(high/low/full...), dung lng,... Sau , my tnh s ci t driver lin kt s dng d liu trn USB. 2.3 Thit k b chuyn i FDD USB: 2.3.1 Phng php chuyn i: - Nh ni trn, FDD ch nhn c nhng nh dng a c dung lng c nh v chng rt nh:
Kch thc a (Inch) 3,5 3,5 3,5 5,25 5,25 5,25 5,25 5,25 Dung lng a (KB) Media descriptor byte Mt cha d liu Track mi mt Sector trn mi track Byte trn mi sector Sector trn mi cluster Tng s sector trn a 2.880 1.440 720 F0h 2 80 36 512 2 F0h 2 80 18 512 1 F9h 2 80 9 512 2 1.200 360 F9h 2 80 15 512 1 2 40 9 512 2 320 2 40 8 512 2 640 630 315 180 1 40 9 512 1 360 351 351 160 1 40 8 512 1 320 313 313 FDh FFh FCh FEh

5.760 2.880 1.440 2.400 720

Tng s sector sn sng 5.726 2.847 1.426 2.371 708 Tng s cluster sn sng 2.863 2.847 713 2.371 354

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Trong khi , USB li c dung lng ty bin v thng ln hn rt rt nhiu so vi nhng chic a mm. Vy phi lm th no FDD c th s dng c ht dung lng ca USB? c rt nhiu ngi cng nghin cu v vn ny v kt qu u dn n phng php o ha: c ngha l a file nh trong USB mount thnh 1 ni dung ca a mm. Mi file nh tng ng vi dung lng ca mt a mm. to file nh ny, ta c th s dng chng trnh Winima85 tp ra trn my tnh dng Windows.t tn file theo th t ln lt 0001.img, 0002.img... xxxx.img tin qun l v km theo 1 file text info.txt ghi ch thng tin(File text ny c th m c v hin th ln mn hnh ca thit b chuyn i.) Phng php chuyn i c trnh by theo s sau:

Gii thch s hot ng ca h thng: Trong thit b chuyn i bao gm cc khi: * Khi M Ha v Gii M chun FDD: - Nhn tn hiu t cng FDD chuyn thnh tn hiu theo chun ring ca h iu hnh trn thit b nhng v c a vo b nh theo s iu khin ca khi x l trung tm. - Nhn tn hiu t khi x l hoc t b nh theo s iu khin ca khi x l thnh tn hiu theo chun FDD a ra cp kt ni. * Khi B Nh l ni lu tr d liu tm thi x l v ni lu tr c nh Firmware cho thit b. * Khi M ha v gii m chun USB: D08DTMT Hc vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng Page 26

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- c tn hiu t cng USB chuyn thnh tn hiu theo chun ring ca h iu hnh trn thit b nhng v c a vo b nh theo s iu khin ca khi x l trung tm. - Nhn tn hiu t khi x l hoc t b nh theo s iu khin ca khi x l thnh tn hiu theo chun USB a ra cng kt ni. * Khi X L trung tm: C nhim v thc thi lnh, x l d liu (Ging nh CPU trong my tnh) * Khi iu khin: Nhn cc tn hiu iu khin t con ngi. (T y ta c th la chn file no lm a o cho a) * Khi hin th: hin thi trng thi a. Hot ng d liu: * Trn my tnh, ta to ra cc file nh dng o cho a mm (mi file 1,44Mb Chun FDD 1.44) tng ng vi mt a mm tht v a vo USB. * Trn thit b chuyn i: +Ch c d liu: - Load file t USB theo yu cu ca khi iu khin. - X l d liu - M ha thnh chun FDD + Ch ghi d liu: - Gii m d liu gi xung t FDD - X l d liu - Ghi vo file theo la chn ca khi iu khin 2.3.2 Thit k mch chuyn i FDD USB: a,S khi:

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b,Khi Giao tip FDC: - Chuyn nhn cc tn hiu t Khi x l trung tm thnh cc tn hiu m ha theo chun FDC (MFM, FM, GRC), sao cho my tnh nhn usb l mt a mm.

Tn hiu ca cng FDC ( Floppy Disk Controller) c ba loi. V th, khi giao tip FDC cn phi cn thc thi chc nng ca ba loi tn hiu ny. - Khi Data Port: Thc hin truyn v nhn d liu qua cng FDC. Trong khi ny s phi thc hin c m ha v gii m nh dng MFM/FM/GCR. l cc nh dng m ha ca a mm. Khi MST ( Main Status Register): Thc hin vic truyn thng tin cho my tnh bit trng thi ca a mm (o), trng thi c/ghi ca a. N s truyn mt tn hiu 8bit cho my tnh. Khi Control Port: Nhn lnh t my tnh. l cc lnh nhm thc hin vic bt tt cc ng c trong a mm, vic la chn a cng t my tnh. N s nhn c mt lnh 8 bit nhm thc hin cc chc nng trn.

Thng qua giao thc FDC nhn d liu, lnh t my tnh chuyn vo b nh m ch B x l trung tm gii quyt. c,Khi x l trung tm.

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m bo vic x l cc tin trnh nhm chuyn i gia hai giao thc truyn tn hiu l USB v FDC. Khi x l trung tm nhn tn hiu iu khin t FDC thc hin c ghi vo file trn USB. File c c ghi ph thuc vo la chn t khi iu khin ca thit b. Chc nng cc khi: - Khi Gi Lp Cc Tn Hiu FDC Khc: Trong giao tip FDC, iu chng ta qua tm nht l lung d liu. Tuy nhin bn cnh d liu, giao tip FDC cn mang n cc tn hiu thng tin khc. N bao gm cc trng thi ca a, dung lng a mm, iu khin bt tt ng c trong a, ngt V vy, Khi X L Trung Tm cn phi x l c cc tn hiu nh vy. Cc tn hiu ny . Cc tn hiu ny c trong thng tin file *.img

- Khi M Ha v Gii M MFM: Vic trao i d liu trn a mm v my tnh

c m ha theo chun MFM (Modified Frequency Modulation). MFM l thut ton m ha dnh cho loi a mm hai mt. Khi giao tip vi my tnh, lung d liu ca ta c m ha bng MFM s lm my tnh coi y l a mm. Cch thc m ha ca MFM: Vi cc bit tn hiu (x,y,z) n s c m ha thnh (x, x NOR y, y, y NOR z, z, z NOR). Mt bit 0 s c m ha thnh 10 nu ng trc n l bit 0 v c m ha thnh bit 1 nu ng trc n l bit 1. Mt bit 1 lun c m ha thnh 01. Ta c bng m ha sau: Data xx0 0x.. xx0 1x.. xx1 0x.. xx1 1xx.. MFM clock bit xx 1 x.. .xx 0 0x.. .x0 0 x.. .x0 0 0x.. MFM encode .x010x.. xx0010x.. x0100x.. x01010x.. (Bng m ha MFM /-- x l bit gi tr tng trng cha cn tnh) - Khi Lu vo B Nh: Khi X l Trung Tm s cp mt lnh nhm cho php lu d liu vo b nh. - Khi c d liu ca USB t B Nh: Cp lnh x l d liu c trong b nh. - Khi Truyn d liu t USB sang B Nh: Bn thn trong khi giao tip usb c sn mt b nh m. B X L Trung Tm s cp lnh cho php d liu t b nh m c truyn n b nh bn trong khi x l trung tm. - Khi Ghi D Liu Sang USB: ghi d liu t my tnh sang USB, b x l s lu tm thi d liu vo b nh, sau cp lnh chuyn d liu sang usb.

d,B nh m:
L ni lu tr tm thi ca d liu trc khi c truyn qua cng FDC hoc cng USB. B nh s c hai ch c bn: Write mode ( ch ghi): Nhn d liu t USB hoc my tnh. Read mode ( ch c): Truyn d liu sang USB hoc my tnh.

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e,Khi giao tip USB:

Bo co thc tp tt nghip

Thng qua giao thc usb, nhn d liu, thng tin t usb flash drive chuyn vo b nh m ch B x l trung tm gii quyt.

Khi PHY: Truyn v nhn tn hiu vi sai D+, D-. Ti khi ny c nhim v bin i tn hiu digital thnh tn hiu analog l hai tn hiu vi sai D+, D- v ngc li, nhn tn hiu vi sai D+, D- bin i sang tn hiu digital. Hai tn hiu D+ v D- s c m ha v gii m theo chun NRTZ (Non Return To Zero). Khi SIE ( Serial Interface Engine ): y c th coi l nhn ca b giao tip usb ( USB Core). Ti y, cc giao thc ca usb c thc thi ( Token, Data, PID, Address). SIE thc hin chuyn i gia tn hiu song song thnh tn hiu tun t v ngc li. Nu n trng thi nhn d liu, SIE s gii m tn hiu nhn c thu ly d liu v thng tin t usb. Sau truyn sang b nh ch B x l trung tm x l. Nu n trng thi truyn d liu. Sau khi nhn c d liu t Khi x l trung tm, SIE s tin hnh m ha d liu vi cc giao thc mc nh ri s a sang usb drive. Khi Memory Interface: D liu vo ra t cng usb s c lu tr tm thi ti y. ng thi n m nhim truyn v nhn tn hiu t memory vi mt chun giao tip bt k ( ty k s) c th l kiu giao tip tun t hoc kiu giao tip song song. Nhm thc hin cc lnh trc tip ca ngi dng. iu ny xy ra bi dung lng ca usb qu ln so vi mt chic a mm. Khi ta thc hin to mt a mm o, dung lng ti a ca a mm l 1.44 mb. Vi mt usb c dung lng 2Gb, ta c th c ti hn 1000 chic a mm o. Khi ta mun thay mt chic a mm khc, th cn phi i sang mt chic khc. V h thng ca ta to a o nn cn c mt nt bm s nhm la chn mt chic a mm o khc. S dng mt usb vi mt dung lng ln hn nhiu m phng dung lng a mm, tt nhin l s c s lng ln a mm c m phng. V vy m ta cn khi iu khin chuyn i gia cc a mm. V ta cng cn mt khi hin th nhm thng bo cho ta bit c l ta ang dng n a mm th bao nhiu. Vn s lng a mm qu ln th vic nh l a no lu ci g th mn hnh c th hin th ni dung file info.txt c ghi trn my tnh c th chn c ng a mnh cn Hin th trng thi a: ang c hay ghi hoc trng. Hc vin Cng Ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng Page 30

f,Khi iu khin:
-

g,Khi hin th:

-

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h,C ch hot ng: - Khi cm thit b chuyn i vo cng FDD(FDC) v cm USB vo thit b, thit b s c lun file info.txt - Trong bng iu khin, ngi dng c th c tip ni dung file text hoc chuyn ra bng iu khin la chn file lm a mm. - Khi ngi chn n chn mt file a mm, b x l trung tm s lin kt n file v np vo ging nh vic cm a mm vo a mm vy. - Khi x l trung tm s lm nhim v chuyn i tn hiu FDC thnh tn hiu USB c/ghi vo file ang c la chn. - Vic Eject a o c th thc hin qua cng FDC

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Danh sch cc ti liu tham kho:

Phn thc tp c s:
Ti liu: Bin dch nhn Linux ca tc gi Hong Ngc Diu Website: http://forum.ubuntu-vn.org Website: http://www.en.wikipedia.org Website: www.linuxforums.org Website: www.arm.linux.org.uk Phn thc p chuyn su: Website: http://www.en.wikipedia.org Website: http://tailieu.vn Website: http://www.dientuvietnam.net

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