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THI TUYN SINH I HC KHI A NM 2012
Mn thi : VT L M : 958 (Thi gian lm bi : 90 pht)

Cho bit: hng s Plng h=6,625.10
-34
J.s; ln in tch nguyn t e = 1,6.10
-19
C; tc nh sng
trong chn khng c = 3.10
8
m/s; s Avgadr N
A
= 6,02.10
23
mol
-1
.

I. PHN CHUNG CHO TT C TH SINH (40 cu, t cu 1 n cu 40)
Cu 1: Mt con lc l xo gm l xo nh c cng 100 N/m v vt nh khi lng m. Con lc dao
ng iu ha theo phng ngang vi chu k T. Bit thi im t vt c li 5cm, thi im
t+
4
T
vt c tc 50cm/s. Gi tr ca m bng
A. 0,5 kg B. 1,2 kg C.0,8 kg D.1,0 kg

Cch 1 : Hai v tr cch nhau T/4 => Hai v tr lch pha nhau gc /2
Theo ng trn lng gic:
A
v
A
x
e
= => =
x
v
= 10
kg m
m
k
0 , 1 = => = e
Cch 2 : Gi s phng trnh dao ng ca vt x = Acos
T
t 2
t (cm, s). Khi vn tc cu vt\
v = -
T
t 2
Asin
T
t 2
t (cm/s); Khi x =Acos
T
t 2
t = 5 cm-----> cosAcos
T
t 2
t =
A
5

v = -
T
t 2
Asin
T
t 2
(t +
4
T
) = -
T
t 2
Asin(
T
t 2
t +
2
t
) = -
T
t 2
Acos
T
t 2
t
------->
T
t 2
A
A
5
= 50 -----> T =
5
t
= 2t
k
m
-----> m = 1kg. Chn p n D


Cu 2: Mt cht im dao ng iu ha vi chu k T. Gi v
TB
l tc trung bnh ca cht im
trong mt chu k, v l tc tc thi ca cht im. Trong mt chu k, khong thi gian m
4
TB
v v
t
> l
A.
6
T
B.
2
3
T
C.
3
T
D.
2
T

Cch 1 :
2 4
2 2 4
MAX
TB
MAX
TB
v
v
v A
T
A
v = => = = =
t
t t
e

Tc tc thi
4
TB
v v
t
> => Thi gian qut
3
2T
=> p n B
Cch 2 : v
TB
=
T
A 4
Gi s phng trnh dao ng ca vt x = Acos
T
t 2
t
v = -
T
t 2
Asin
T
t 2
t ----->
4
TB
v v
t
> ------>-
T
t 2
Asin
T
t 2
t
4
t
T
A 4
=
T
At

----> sin
T
t 2
t
2
1

Trong mt chu k, khong thi gian m
4
TB
v v
t
> l
3
2T


x
v
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Cu 3: Laze A pht ra chm bc x c bc sng 0,45 m vi cng sut 0,8W. Laze B pht ra
chm bc x c bc sng 0,60 m vi cng sut 0,6 W. T s gia s phtn ca laze B v s
phtn ca laze A pht ra trong mi giy l
A.1 B.
20
9
C.2 D.
P
A
= N
A

A
hc

; P
B
= N
B

B
hc

---->
B
A
N
N
=
B
A
P
P
B
A

=
6 , 0
8 , 0
60 , 0
45 , 0
= 1 Chn p n A

Cu 4: Trong th nghim Y-ng v giao thoa nh sng, ngun sng pht ra nh sng n sc c
bc sng
1
. Trn mn quan st, trn on thng MN di 20 mm (MN vung gc vi h vn giao
thoa) c 10 vn ti, M v N l v tr ca hai vn sng. Thay nh sng trn bng nh sng n sc c
bc sng
1
2
5
3

= th ti M l v tr ca mt vn giao thoa, s vn sng trn on MN lc ny l

A.7 B. 5 C. 8. D. 6

Ta c M, N l hai vn sng, trn MN c 10 vn ti => c 10 khong vn => i
1
= 2 mm
3
10
5
3
2
2
1
2
1
= => = = i
i
i

mm => trn MN c =
2
i
MN
6 khong vn => c 7 vn sng


Cu 5: Phng x v phn hch ht nhn
A. u l phn ng ht nhn ta nng lng B. u l phn ng ht nhn thu nng lng
C. u l phn ng tng hp ht nhn D. u khng phi l phn ng ht nhn

Phng x v phn hch u l phn ng ht nhn ta nng lng => p n A

Cu 6: Ti ni c gia tc trng trng l g, mt con lc l xo treo thng ng ang dao ng u
ha. Bit ti v tr cn bng ca vt dn ca l xo l l A . Chu k dao ng ca con lc ny l
A. 2
g
l
t
A
B.
1
2
l
g t
A
C.
1
2
g
l t A
D. 2
l
g
t
A

g
l
k
m
k
mg
l
A
= => = A => T = 2
l
g
t
A

Cu 7: t in p u = U
0
cos100tt (V) vo hai u on mch AB gm hai on mch AM v MB
mc ni tip. on mch AM gm in tr thun 100 3Omc ni tip vi cun cm thun c t
cm L. on mch MB ch c t in c in dung
4
10
2
F
t

. Bit in p gia hai u on mch

AM lch pha
3
t
so vi in p gia hai u on mch AB. Gi tr ca L bng
A.
3
H
t
B.
2
H
t
C.
1
H
t
D.
2
H
t

Cch 1 : Ta c : Z
C
= 200
+ Nu Z
L
>Z
C
, iu kin tn ti.
AM
> /3 => Z
L
> 300 => p n A v B loi
+ Z
L
= Z
c
=> Hin tng cng hng =>
0
49 tan = => =
R
Z
C
=> Loi p n D
=> p n ng l A
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Cch 2 : R = 1003 , Zc = 200 , AM lch pha 60 so vi AB.
Ta v gin vc t ZL = 100 L=
3
H
t

Cu 8: Theo thuyt lng t nh sng, pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Trong chn khng, phtn bay vi tc c = 3.10
8
m/s dc theo cc tia sng.
B. Phtn ca cc nh sng n sc khc nhau th mang nng lng khc nhau.
C. Nng lng ca mt phtn khng i khi truyn trong chn khng.
D. Phtn tn ti trong c trng thi ng yn v trng thi chuyn ng.

Photon ch tn ti trong trng thi chuyn ng

Cu 9: Mt mch dao ng in t l tng ang c dao ng in t t do. Bit in tch cc i
trn mt bn t in l 4 2 C v cng dng in cc i trong mch l 0,5 2 t A. Thi gian
ngn nht in tch trn mt bn t gim t gi tr cc i n na gi tr cc i l
A.
4
.
3
s B.
16
.
3
s C.
2
.
3
s D.
8
.
3
s
HD: s
I
Q
T t 16 2
0
0
= =

Gc qut
3
t
=> t = T/6 =
8
.
3
s => p n D



Cu 10: Trong hin tng giao thoa sng nc, hai ngun dao ng theo phng vung gc vi
mt nc, cng bin , cng pha, cng tn s 50 Hz c t ti hai im S
1
v S
2
cch nhau
10cm. Tc truyn sng trn mt nc l 75 cm/s. Xt cc im trn mt nc thuc ng trn
tm S
1
, bn knh S
1
S
2
, im m phn t ti dao ng vi bin cc i cch im S
2
mt on
ngn nht bng
A. 85 mm. B. 15 mm. C. 10 mm. D. 89 mm.
Cch 1 : cm
f
v
5 , 1 = =
+ O l trung im S
1
S
2
, hai ngun dao ng cng pha nn ti O l cc i bc khng (k = 0)
+ khong cch gia hai cc i lin tip trn S
1
S
2
: /2 = 0,75cm
+trn khong OS
2
c 6
2
2
=
(

OS
cc i => im gn S
2
nht dao ng
cc i trn S
1
S
2
nm trn vn cc i th 6 (k = 6), ct ng trn ti im M
tha mn bi ton: MS
1
MS
2
= 6 => MS
2
= S
1
S
2
- 6 = 1cm = 10mm
=> p n C

Cch 2: Gii: Bc sng = v/f = 75/50 = 1,5 cm
Trn S
1
S
2
c 13 im dao ng vi bin cc i
-6 k 6 . Cc i gn S
2
nht ng vi k = 6
Xt im M trn ng trn S
1
M = d
1
= 10cm
;
S
2
M = d
2

d
1
d
2
= 6 = 9cm-----> d
2min
= 10 9 = 1 cm = 10 mm
Chn p n C




S1
S2
o

M
M

d
1
d
2
S
2 S
1
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Cu 11: Hai dao ng cng phng ln lt c phng trnh x
1
=
1
cos( )
6
A t
t
t + (cm) v x
2
=
6cos( )
2
t
t
t (cm). Dao ng tng hp ca hai dao ng ny c phng trnh
cos( ) x A t t = + (cm). Thay i A
1
cho n khi bin A t gi tr cc tiu th
A. .
6
rad
t
= B. . rad t = C. .
3
rad
t
= D. 0 . rad =
+ Biu din gin Fressnen

1
2
0
1
2
2
2
1
2
)

sin(
60 sin
)

sin(
)

sin(
)

sin( )

sin(
A
A A O
A
A A O
A A O
A
A A O
A
A A O
A
= = => =
A cc tiu khi )

sin(
2
A A O = 1 =>
2

A A O = /2 =
1

A O A
=> gc (AOx) = /3.
Pha m => p n C

Hoc :
3
sin
t
A
=
)
2
sin(
1

t
+
A
---> A t gi tr cc tiu khi sin(
2
t
+ ) = 1
Do = 0. Chn p n D



Cu 12: Mt con lc l xo dao ng iu ha theo phng ngang vi c nng dao ng l 1 J v
lc n hi cc i l 10 N. Mc th nng ti v tr cn bng. Gi Q l u c nh ca l xo,
khong thi gian ngn nht gia 2 ln lin tip Q chu tc dng lc ko ca l xo c ln 5 3 N
l 0,1 s. Qung ng ln nht m vt nh ca con lc i c trong 0,4 s l
A. 40 cm. B. 60 cm. C. 80 cm. D. 115 cm.

=
=
10
1
2
1
2
kA
kA
=> A = 20 cm.
Thi gian ngn nht lin ti p F
hp
=
2
3
F
hpmax
l T/6 = 0,1
T = 0,6
+ Thi gian t = 0,4 = T/2 + T/6
+ Qung ng ln nht i c: S = 2A +A = 60cm
(Phi nh p dng S
max
= 2Asin(/2) Qung ng ln nht vt i c trong khong thi
gian T/6 l s = A)



Cu 13: Theo mu nguyn t Bo, trong nguyn t hir, chuyn ng ca lectron quanh ht nhn
l chuyn ng trn u. T s gia tc ca lectron trn qu o K v tc ca lectron trn
qu o M bng
A. 9. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.

Lc hng tm tc dng ln electron l lc Culong gia electron v ht nhn l proton
A
A
1
A
2
O

x

t/2+

A
1

A
t/6

t/3

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R
mv
2
= k
2
2
R
e
---->
M
K
v
v
=
K
M
R
R
=
0
0
9
r
r
= 3. Chn p n C


Cu 14: Khi ni v tnh cht ca tia t ngoi, pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Tia t ngoi lm in ha khng kh.
B. Tia t ngoi kch thch s pht quang ca nhiu cht.
C. Tia t ngoi tc dng ln phim nh.
D. Tia t ngoi khng b nc hp th.

Tia t ngoi b nc, thy tinh hp th mnh . => p n D

Cu 15: Trong mt phn ng ht nhn, c s bo ton
A. s prtn. B. s nucln. C. s ntron. D. khi lng.

Phn ng ht nhn c s bo ton s nucln

Cu 16: Ti im O trong mi trng ng hng, khng hp th m, c 2 ngun m im, ging
nhau vi cng sut pht m khng i. Ti im A c mc cng m 20 dB. ti trung im
M ca on OA c mc cng m l 30 dB th s ngun m ging cc ngun m trn cn t
thm ti O bng
A. 4. B. 3. C. 5. D. 7.
L
M
L
A
= 10lg
2
|
.
|

\
|
OM
OA
=> L
M
= 26 dB
Cng sut pht ca mi ngun l P:
2
4 R
P
I
t
= ; L = 10lg
0
I
I
=> 5 5 , 2
10
10
2 10
10
2
6 , 2
3
10 /
10 /
= => ~ = => = =
'
'
n
n
P
nP
I
I
M
M
L
L
M
M
=> Cn t thm 5 2 =
3 ngun p n B

Cu 17: Ht nhn urani
238
92
U sau mt chui phn r, bin i thnh ht nhn ch
206
82
Pb. Trong qu
trnh , chu k bn r ca
238
92
U bin i thnh ht nhn ch l 4,47.10
9
nm. Mt khi c pht
hin c cha 1,188.10
20
ht nhn
238
92
U v 6,239.10
18
ht nhn
206
82
Pb. Gi s khi lc mi hnh
thnh khng cha ch v tt c lng ch c mt trong u l sn phm phn r ca
238
92
U . Tui
ca khi khi c pht hin l
A. 3,3.10
8
nm. B. 6,3.10
9
nm. C. 3,5.10
7
nm. D. 2,5.10
6
nm.

+ S ht
238
92
U ban u: N
0
(
238
92
U )= N(
238
92
U ) + N(
206
82
Pb) = 1,25039.10
20
ht
8
2 ln
238
92
238
92 0
10 . 3 , 3
) (
) (
= => = t e
U N
U N
t
T
nm

Cu 18: Trong th nghim Y-ng v giao thoa nh sng, ngun sng pht ng thi hai nh sng
n sc
1
,
2
c bc sng ln lt l 0,48 m v 0,60 m. Trn mn quan st, trong khong gia
hai vn sng gn nhau nht v cng mu vi vn sng trung tm c
A. 4 vn sng
1
v 3 vn sng
2
. B. 5 vn sng
1
v 4vn sng
2
.
C. 4 vn sng
1
v 5vn sng
2
. D. 3 vn sng
1
v 4vn sng
2
.

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Khong vn trng:
5
4
2
1
2
1
= =

i
i
=> I = 5i
1
= 4i
2
=>trong khong hai vn sng gn nhau nht trng
mu vn trung tm c 5-1 = 4 vn sng
1
v 4-1 = 3 vn sng
2
.


Cu 19: Tng hp ht nhn heli
4
2
He t phn ng ht nhn
1 7 4
1 3 2
H Li He X + + . Mi phn ng
trn ta nng lng 17,3 MeV. Nng lng ta ra khi tng hp c 0,5 mol heli l
A. 1,3.10
24
MeV. B. 2,6.10
24
MeV. C. 5,2.10
24
MeV. D. 2,4.10
24
MeV.

Nng lng ta ra: E = 17,3.N = 17,3. 0,5.6,02.10
23
= 5,2.10
24
MeV

Cu 20: Mt sng m v mt sng nh sng truyn t khng kh vo nc th bc sng
A. ca sng m tng cn bc sng ca sng nh sng gim.
B. ca sng m gim cn bc sng ca sng nh sng tng.
C. ca sng m v sng nh sng u gim.
D. ca sng m v sng nh sng u tng.

+ Sng m truyn t khng kh vo nc, tnh n hi mi trng tng => v tng, f khng i =>
bc sng tng
+ Sng nh sng truyn vo nc, chit sut mi trng tng => bc sng gim

Cu 21: Trong gi thc hnh, mt hc sinh mc on mch AB gm in tr thun 40 O, t in
c in dung C thay i c v cun dy c t cm L ni tip nhau theo ng th t trn. Gi
M l im ni gia in tr thun v t in. t vo hai u on mch AB mt in p xoay
chiu c gi tr hiu dng 200V v tn s 50 Hz. Khi iu chnh in dung ca t in n gi tr
C
m
th in p hiu dng gia hai u on mch MB t gi tr cc tiu bng 75 V. in tr thun
ca cun dy l
A. 24 O. B. 16 O. C. 30 O. D. 40 O.

+ U
MB
cc tiu khi AMB thng hng => Z
L
= Z
C

U
MB
= U
r
= 75V, U
R
= 200-75=125V
+ r = R
U
U
R
r
=24 => p n A

Cu 22: Khi ni v sng in t, pht biu no sau y l sai?
A. Sng in t mang nng lng.
B. Sng in t tun theo cc quy lut giao thoa, nhiu x.
C. Sng in t l sng ngang.
D. Sng in t khng truyn c trong chn khng.

Sng in t lan truyn trong chn khng vi vn tc bng vn tc nh sng => p n D



Cu 23: Khi ni v s truyn sng c trong mt mi trng, pht biu no sau y ng?
A. Nhng phn t ca mi trng cch nhau mt s nguyn ln bc sng th dao ng cng
pha.
B. Hai phn t ca mi trng cch nhau mt phn t bc sng th dao ng lch pha nhau 90
0
.
C. Nhng phn t ca mi trng trn cng mt hng truyn sng v cch nhau mt s nguyn
ln bc sng th dao ng cng pha.
D. Hai phn t ca mi trng cch nhau mt na bc sng th dao ng ngc pha.
A
M
B
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Cu 24: in nng t mt trm pht in c a n mt khu ti nh c bng ng dy truyn
ti mt pha. Cho bit, nu in p ti u truyn i tng t U ln 2U th s h dn c trm cung
cp in nng tng t 120 ln 144. Cho rng chi tnh n hao ph trn ng dy, cng sut tiu
th in ca cc h dn u nh nhau, cng sut ca trm pht khng i v h s cng sut trong
cc trng hp u bng nhau. Nu in p truyn i l 4U th trm pht huy ny cung cp in
nng cho
A. 168 h dn. B. 150 h dn. C. 504 h dn. D. 192 h dn.

+ Cng sut hao ph R
U
P
P
2
2
= A (Vi R l in tr trn ng dy, P l cng sut ca trm pht, U
l in p truyn, P
0
l cng sut tiu th ca mi h dn)
Ta c: P = R
U
P
2
2
+ 120.P
0
(1)
P = R
U
P
2
2
. 4
+ 144.P
0
(2)
P = R
U
P
2
2
. 16
+ x.P
0
(3)
+ t (1)v (2): P = 152P
0
(4)
+ t (3) v (1), kt hp vi (4) ta c: 15.152.P
0
= (16x-120)P
0

=> x = 150 H dn
p n B

Cu 25: Trn mt si dy cng ngang vi hai u c nh ang c sng dng. Khng xt cc im
bng hoc nt, quan st thy nhng im c cng bin v gn nhau nht th u cch u
nhau 15cm. Bc sng trn dy c gi tr bng
A. 30 cm. B. 60 cm. C. 90 cm. D. 45 cm.


Cc im c cng bin u cch u nhau th cch nhau mt khong /4 = 15cm => = 60 cm.


Cu 26: T mt trm pht in xoay chiu mt pha t ti v tr M, in nng c truyn ti n
ni tiu th N, cch M 180 km. Bit ng dy c in tr tng cng 80 O (coi dy ti in l ng
cht, c in tr t l thun vi chiu di ca dy). Do s c, ng dy b r in ti im Q (hai
dy ti in b ni tt bi mt vt c in tr c gi tr xc nh R). xc nh v tr Q, trc tin
ngi ta ngt ng dy khi my pht v ti tiu th, sau dng ngun in khng i 12V, in
tr trong khng ng k, ni vo hai u ca hai dy ti in ti M. Khi hai u dy ti N h th
cng dng in qua ngun l 0,40 A, cn khi hai u dy ti N c ni tt bi mt on dy
c in tr khng ng k th cng dng in qua ngun l 0,42 A. Khong cch MQ l
A. 135 km. B. 167 km. C. 45 km. D. 90 km.

M cch Q mt khong x v tng tr dy t M n Q l R
x

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+

+
=
+
) 2 (
) 80 (
) 80 (
12
) 1 ( 4 , 0
12
x
x
x
x
R R
R R
R
R R
T (1) Rt R
x
, th vo (2) tm c R = 10, R
x
= 20
km x
x R
x
45
180 80
= => =


Cu 27: t in p u = U
0
coset (V) (U
0
khng i, e thay i c) vo hai u on mch gm
in tr thun R, cun cm thun c t cm
4
5t
H v t in mc ni tip. Khi e=e
0
th cng
dng in hiu dng qua on mch t gi tr cc i I
m
. Khi e = e
1
hoc e = e
2
th cng
dng in cc i qua on mch bng nhau v bng I
m
. Bit e
1
e
2
= 200t rad/s. Gi tr ca R
bng
A. 150 O. B. 200 O. C. 160 O. D. 50 O.

+ Cng dng in hiu dng qua mch t cc i I
m
=
R
U
khi
2
0
2
0
4
5 1
e
t
e = => = C
LC

+ vi
1
v
2
c cng I =
2
m
I
=>
2
0
e =
1

2
v R = Z
L
- Z
c
=> O = = = 160 ) (
5
4
5
4
5
4
2 1
1
2
0 1
e e
t te
e
t
e
R

Cu 28: t in p u = U
0
coset vo hai u on mch gm in tr thun R, cun cm thun c
t cm L v t in c in dung C mc ni tip. Gi i l cng dng in tc thi trong
on mch; u
1
, u
2
v u
3
ln lt l in p tc thi gia hai u in tr, gia hai u cun cm v
gia hai u t in; Z l tng tr ca on mch. H thc ng l
A. i = u
3
eC. B. i =
1
u
R
. C. i =
2
u
L e
. D. i =
u
Z
.
Dng in tc thi i v u
1
cng pha vi nhau => p n B

Cu 29: t in p u = 400cos100tt (u tnh bng V, t tnh bng s) vo hai u on mch AB gm
in tr thun 50 O mc ni tip vi on mch X. Cng dng in hiu dng qua on mch
l 2 A. Bit thi im t, in p tc thi gia hai u AB c gi tr 400 V; thi im
1
400
t +
(s), cng dng in tc thi qua on mch bng khng v ang gim. Cng sut tiu th in
ca on mch X l
A. 400 W. B. 200 W. C. 160 W. D. 100 W.

U = 200 2 V;I = 2A
+ thi im t, u = 400V =>
u
= 2k
+ thi im
1
400
t + , i = 0, ang gim =>
i
=
2
t
+ 2k => ti thi im t:
i
=
2
t
-
4
t
+ 2k
+ gc lch pha gia u v i: A =
u
-
i
= -
4
t

+ Cng sut: P = U.I.cosA = 400W

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Cu 30: Mt cht im dao ng iu ha trn trc Ox. Vect gia tc ca cht im c
A. ln cc i v tr bin, chiu lun hng ra bin.
B. ln cc tiu khi qua v tr cn bng lun cng chiu vi vect vn tc.
C. ln khng i, chiu lun hng v v tr cn bng.
D. ln t l vi ln ca li , chiu lun hng v v tr cn bng.

Cu 31: Hai cht im M v N c cng khi lng, dao ng iu ha cng tn s dc theo hai
ng thng song song k nhau v song song vi trc ta Ox. V tr cn bng ca M v ca N
u trn mt ng thng qua gc ta v vung gc vi Ox. Bin ca M l 6 cm, ca N l 8
cm. Trong qu trnh dao ng, khong cch ln nht gia M v N theo phng Ox l 10 cm. Mc
th nng ti v tr cn bng. thi im m M c ng nng bng th nng, t s ng nng ca M
v ng nng ca N l
A.
4
3
. B.
3
4
. C.
9
16
. D.
16
9
.
HD: Theo gin frenen, khong cch M,N ln nht trn Ox khi MN song song
vi Ox. OM
2
+ ON
2
= MN
2
=> tam gic OMN vung ti O
+ M v tr ng nng bng th nng => N v tr ng nng bng th nng
16
9
2
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
= =
N
M
N
M
N
M
A
A
W
W
W
W
=> p n C




Cu 32: Ti H Ni, mt my ang pht sng in t. Xt mt phng truyn c phng thng
ng hng ln. Vo thi im t, ti im M trn phng truyn, vect cm ng t ang c ln
cc i v hng v pha Nam. Khi vect cng in trng c
A. ln cc i v hng v pha Ty. B. ln cc i v hng v pha ng.
C. ln bng khng. D. ln cc i v hng v pha Bc.

+ Trong sng in t, in trng v t trng lun dao ng cng pha nhau, c phng dao ng
vung gc vi nhau.
+ Theo quy tc nm bn tay phi, chiu quay t in trng n t trng => p n A

+Hnh v:
Ta hng mt V phng bc, lc tay tri chng ta
Hng ty, tay phi hng ng. a tay phi ln, p dng quy tc
nm bn tay phi chng
Ta s thy ngay p n ^^ !!! Cu ny kh hay ^^


Cu 33: Chiu xin t khng kh vo nc mt chm sng song song rt hp (coi nh mt tia sng)
gm ba thnh phn n sc: , lam v tm. Gi r

, r ,

r
t
ln lt l gc khc x ng vi tia mu
, tia mu lam v tia mu tm. H thc ng l
A. r = r
t
= r

. B. r
t
< r < r

. C. r

< r < r
t
. D. r
t
< r

< r .

nh sng truyn t mt mi trng sang mi trng chit quang hn. Nu chit sut cng ln th
gc khc x cng nh => p n B



O
M
N
Nam
Bc
ng Ty
i

I

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Cu 34: Cc ht nhn teri
2
1
H ; triti
3
1
H , heli
4
2
He c nng lng lin kt ln lt l 2,22 MeV;
8,49 MeV v 28,16 MeV. Cc ht nhn trn c sp xp theo th t gim dn v bn vng ca
ht nhn l
A.
2
1
H ;
4
2
He ;
3
1
H . B.
2
1
H ;
3
1
H ;
4
2
He . C.
4
2
He ;
3
1
H ;
2
1
H . D.
3
1
H ;
4
2
He ;
2
1
H .

Nng lng lin kt ring ca cc ht nhn teri
2
1
H ; triti
3
1
H , heli
4
2
He ln lt l 1,11 MeV;
2,83 MeV; 7,04 MeV.
+ Nng lng lin kt ring cng ln th ht cng bn vng => p n C


Cu 35: Hai im M, N cng nm trn mt hng truyn sng v cch nhau mt phn ba bc
sng. Bin sng khng i trong qu trnh truyn. Ti mt thi im, khi li dao ng ca
phn t ti M l 3 cm th li dao ng ca phn t ti N l -3 cm. Bin sng bng
A. 6 cm. B. 3 cm. C. 2 3 cm. D. 3 2 cm.

+ lch pha gia hai im M v N l
3
2 2 t

t
=
d

+ Theo ng trn lng gic:
3 2 3
2
3
= => = A A cm => p n C



Cu 36: Mt con lc n gm dy treo c chiu di 1 m v vt nh c khi lng 100 g mang in
tch 2.10
-5
C. Treo con lc n ny trong in trng u vi vect cng in trng hng
theo phng ngang v c ln 5.10
4
V/m. Trong mt phng thng ng i qua im treo v song
song vi vect cng in trng, ko vt nh theo chiu ca vect cng in trng sao
cho dy treo hp vi vect gia tc trong trng g mt gc 54
o
ri bung nh cho con lc dao ng
iu ha. Ly g = 10 m/s
2
. Trong qu trnh dao ng, tc cc i ca vt nh l
A. 0,59 m/s. B. 3,41 m/s. C. 2,87 m/s. D. 0,50 m/s.

Cch 1 : + P = mg = 1N; F

= qE = 1N
+ Vt v tr cn bng khi dy treo hp vi phng thng ng mt gc bng o
1
=

45
0

+ Theo nh lut bo ton nng lng (vi o
0
= 54)
) sin (sin ) cos (cos
2
1
0 1 0 1
2
o o o o + = qEl mgl mv => v = 0,59 m/s

Cch 2 : g
hd
= g + a
a =
m
Eq
= 10 m/s
2
= g
g
hd
= 10 2 m/s
2
v g
hd
to vi g gc 45
0

Vt dao ng iu ha vi bin gc o
0
= 54
0
-45
0
= 9
0

o
0
= 9
0
=
20
t
rad v tn s gc e =
l
g
hd

Trong qu trnh dao ng, tc cc i ca vt nh khi vt qua VTCB O
v
max
= eS
0
= elo
0
= 2 10
20
t
= 0,59 m/s. Chn p n A
E
O a

g g
hd

o
0
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Cu 37. t in p u = U
0
cos2t ft vo hai u on mch gm in tr thun R, cun cm thun
c t cm L v t in c in dung C mc ni tip. Gi U
R
, U
L
, U
C
ln lt l in p hiu
dng gia hai u in tr, gia hai u cun cm v gia hai u t in. Trng hp no sau y,
in p tc thi gia hai u on mch cng pha vi in p tc thi gia hai u in tr?
A. Thay i C U
Rmax
B. Thay i R U
Cmax

C. Thay i L U
Lmax
D. Thay i f U
Cmax


U
Rmax
khi Z
L
= Z
C
; lc i cng pha vi u

Cu 38: Bit cng thot lectron ca cc kim loi: canxi, kali, bc v ng ln lt l: 2,89 eV;
2,26eV; 4,78 eV v 4,14 eV. Chiu nh sng c bc sng 0,33 m vo b mt cc kim loi trn.
Hin tng quang in khng xy ra vi cc kim loi no sau y?
A. Kali v ng B. Canxi v bc C. Bc v ng D. Kali v canxi

Nng lng photon chiu ti phi ln hn hoc bng cng thot khi mi xy ra hin tng
quang in.
e = =

hc
3,76 eV => Hin tng quang in khng xy ra vi Bc v ng

Cu 39: t in p u = U
0
cos e t (U
0
v e khng i) vo hai u on mch AB theo th t
gm mt t in, mt cun cm thun v mt in tr thun mc ni tip. Gi M l im ni gia
t in v cun cm. Bit in p hiu dng gia hai u AM bng in p hiu dng gia hai u
MB v cng dng in trong on mch lch pha
12
t
so vi in p gia hai u on mch.
H s cng sut ca on mch MB l
A.
3
2
B. 0,26 C. 0,50 D.
2
2


cos =
c MB
Z
R
Z
R
=
tan
AB
=
2 / cos 2 / sin
2 / sin 2 / cos
cos
) 1 (sin

= =

R
Z
R
Z
R
Z Z
C L C L

=> |
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|
= +
|
.
|

\
|
12
tan 1 .
2
cos )
12
tan 1 .(
2
sin
t t

=> tan |
.
|

\
|
2

=
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|

12
tan 1
12
tan 1
t
t
=
3
1
=> =60
0
=> cos = 0,5 => p n C


Cu 40: t in p u= 150 2 cos100 t t (V) vo hai u on mch mc ni tip gm in tr
thun 60 O, cun dy (c in tr thun) v t in. Cng sut tiu th in ca on mch bng
250 W. Ni hai bn t in bng mt dy dn c in tr khng ng k. Khi , in p hiu dng
gia hai u in tr bng in p hiu dng gia hai u cun dy v bng 50 3 V. Dung khng
ca t in c gi tr bng
A. 60 3O B. 30 3O C. 15 3O D. 45 3O
A
M
B
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U = 150V;
Theo gin : cos
1
=
6 2
3
2
1
t
= => =
R
U
U

+
2
= 2
1 =
3
t
;
Z
L,r
= R = 60=> r = 30, Z
L
= 30 3

+ P =
( ) ( )
W
Z Z r R
r R U
C L
250
) (
2 2
2
=
+ +
+
=> 90
2
= 90
2
+(Z
L
-Z
C
)
2

=> Z
L
= Z
C
= 30 3 => p n B




II. PHN RING (10 cu)
Th sinh ch c lm mt trong hai phn ring (phn A hoc phn B)
A. Theo chng trnh Chun (10 cu, t cu 41 n cu 50)
Cu 41: Mt vt nh c khi lng 500 g dao ng iu ha di tc dng ca mt lc ko v c
biu thc F = - 0,8cos 4t (N). Dao ng ca vt c bin l
A. 6 cm B. 12 cm

C. 8 cm D. 10 cm
=
m
k
=> k = 8N/m.
F
hpmax
= k.A => A = 0,1m = 10cm.


Cu 42: Theo mu nguyn t Bo, trong nguyn t hidr, khi lectron chuyn t qu o P v qu
o K th nguyn t pht ra phton ng vi bc x c tn s f
1
. Khi lectron chuyn t qu o P
v qu o L th nguyn t pht ra phtn ng vi bc x c tn s f
2
. Nu lectron chuyn t qu
o L v qu o K th nguyn t pht ra phtn ng vi bc x c tn s
A. f
3
= f
1
f
2
B. f
3
= f
1
+ f
2
C.
2 2
3 1 2
f f + f = D.
1 2
3
1 2
f f
f
f f
=
+

= hf =>
LK
= E
L
E
K
=> hf
LK
= E
L
E
P
+ E
P
- E
K
= hf
1
hf
2
=> f
3
= f
1
f
2


Cu 43: Mt nh sng n sc mu cam c tn s f c truyn t chn khng vo mt cht lng
c chit sut l 1,5 i vi nh sng ny. Trong cht lng trn, nh sng ny c
A. mu tm v tn s f. B. mu cam v tn s 1,5f.
C. mu cam v tn s f. D. mu tm v tn s 1,5f.

Trong qu trnh truyn, tn s nh sng khng i khi i vo cc mi trng khc nhau
=> p n C

Cu 44: Mt ht nhn X, ban u ng yn, phng x o v bin thnh ht nhn Y. Bit ht nhn X
c s khi l A, ht o pht ra tc v. Ly khi lng ca ht nhn bng s khi ca n tnh theo
n v u. Tc ca ht nhn Y bng
A.
4
4
v
A+
B.
2
4
v
A
C.
4
4
v
A
D.
2
4
v
A+

Theo nh lut bo ton ng lng
(A - 4)V

+ 4v

= 0 =>
4
4

=
A
v
V

=> ln V =
4
4
v
A

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Cu 45: Mt mch dao ng gm mt cun cm thun c t cm xc nh v mt t in l t
xoay, c in dung thay i c theo quy lut hm s bc nht ca gc xoay o ca bn linh ng.
Khi o = 0
0
, tn s dao ng ring ca mch l 3 MHz. Khi o =120
0
, tn s dao ng ring ca
mch l 1MHz. mch ny c tn s dao ng ring bng 1,5 MHz th o bng
A. 30
0
B. 45
0
C. 60
0
D.90
0

f =
1
2 . LC t

=> 3 =
0
1
2 . LC t

1 =
0 0
1
2 .( 120 ) L C C t + A

0
1
15
C
C
A =

0 0 0
1 1 3
1.5
1
2 .( ) 2 . 1 1
15 15 15
L C C LC
o o
t o t
= = =
+ + +
o = 45
0



Cu 46: Mt vt dao ng tt dn c cc i lng no sau y gim lin tc theo thi gian?
A. Bin v tc B. Li v tc
C. Bin v gia tc D. Bin v c nng

Cu 47. Mt ng c in xoay chiu hot ng bnh thng vi in p hiu dng 220V, cng
dng in hiu dng 0,5 A v h s cng sut ca ng c l 0,8 . Bit rng cng sut hao ph
ca ng c l 11 W. Hiu sut ca ng c (t s gia cng sut hu ch v cng sut tiu th ton
phn) l
A. 80% B. 90% C. 92,5% D. 87,5 %

Cng sut tiu th ton phn P = U.I.cos = 88W
=> Cng sut hu ch P
hi
= P P
hp
= 88 11 = 77W
+ Hiu sut ca ng c:
H = % 5 , 87
88
77
= =
hp
hi
P
P


Cu 48: Trong th nghim Y-ng v giao thoa vi nh sng n sc c bc sng , khong cch
gia hai khe hp l a, khong cch t mt phng cha hai khe hp n mn quan st l 2m. Trn
mn quan st, ti im M cch vn sng trung tm 6 mm, c vn sng bc 5. Khi thay i khong
cch gia hai khe hp mt on bng 0,2 mm sao cho v tr vn sng trung tm khng thay i th
ti M c vn sng bc 6. Gi tr ca bng
A. 0,60 m B. 0,50 m C. 0,45 m D. 0,55 m

i
1
= 5/6 = 1,2 mm; i
2
= 6/6 = 1 mm;
mm a
a
a
i
i
1
2 , 0
1
1
1
2
1
= =>
+
=
m
D
ia
6 , 0 = = => p n A

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Cu 49: t in p xoay chiu u = U
0
cose t (U
0
khng i, e thay i c) vo hai u on
mch c R, L, C mc ni tip. Khi e = e
1
th cm khng v dung khng ca on mch ln lt l
Z
1L
v Z
1C
. Khi e =e
2
th trong on mch xy ra hin tng cng hng. H thc ng l
A.
1
1 2
1
L
C
Z
Z
e e = B.
1
1 2
1
L
C
Z
Z
e e = C.
1
1 2
1
C
L
Z
Z
e e = D.
1
1 2
1
C
L
Z
Z
e e =

=> = =
2
2
2
1 2
1
1
1
e
e
e LC
Z
Z
C
L 1
1 2
1
L
C
Z
Z
e e = => p n B


Cu 50: Trn mt si dy n hi di 100 cm vi hai u A v B c nh ang c sng dng, tn s
sng l 50 Hz. Khng k hai u A v B, trn dy c 3 nt sng . Tc truyn sng trn dy l
A. 15 m/s B. 30 m/s C. 20 m/s D. 25 m/s

5 nt sng (k c A, B) => 4 bng sng => 2 = 100 => = 50 cm
v = .f = 25 m => p n A.