Electric Power: Generation and Control, EE491 Lab 4 : Transformer modelling in PSPice

You are expected to nd the winding resistances, RP and RS , the leakage reactances, XP and XS , the core loss resistance, RC and the magnetization reactance, Xm for your transformer. PSPice uses the coupled circuit model of the transformer in which you must specify the coupling coecient, K, of your transformer. The relationships between your equivalent circuit model and the PSPice model is shown in the Figures below.
Rp jXp Rc N1 : N2 Rs jXm jXs

Equivalent circuit model Rp Lp Rc XFMR Rs Ls

PSPice model K=1 L1_Linear=Lm L2_Linear= (N 2 /N1)2L m Figure 1: Modelling transformers in PSPice

Note that the coupling coecient of your transformer is not really equal to 1 but the inclusion of the leakage inductances accounts for imperfect coupling. Assuming you have understood up to this point, this is all you need to know in order to simulate transformers in PSPice. Read on if you want to know more about the coupled coil models of transformers and how it relates to our equivalent circuit model shown in the top of Figure 1. The bottom of Figure 2 shows the transformer drawn as two coupled coils. (Note that all the resistances have been taken out to make the analysis easier.) The equations for coupled coils are given as: v1 = L11 v2 = L21 or in phasor form as V1 = jL11 I1 + jL12 I2 i2 i1 + L12 t t i2 i1 + L22 t t

V2 = jL21 I1 + jL22 I2 in which L11 = LM and L22 = (N2 /N1 )2 LM are the selfinductances of coils 1 and 2 and L12 =L21 is the mutual inductance between coil 1 and 2. Mutual inductance Lij means that it is the voltage in coil i induced (caused) by the current in coil j. Now if there is no leakage ux such that all the ux which goes through coil 1 also goes through coil 2 then there is perfect coupling between the coils and L12 = L11 L22 . If it is a real transformer there will be leakage and imperfect coupling and

jXp + V1 Rc

N1 : N2 jXm

jXs + V2

Equivalent circuit model L12 + V1 L11 L 22 + V2

Coupled coils model Figure 2: Comparison of equivalent circuit and coupled coil models.

L12 = K L11 L22 =

(L11 LP )(L22 LS )

Therefore the coupling coecient can be calculated by 1) Finding L11 = LM = XM /. 2) Finding L22 = (N2 /N1 )2 L11 . 3) Finding LP = XP / and LS = XS / from the SC test. 4) Using K= (L11 LP )(L22 LS ) L11 L22