Cc yu cu ca cng ngh Grid

Qun l ti nguyn (Resource Management)

Mc tiu ca cng ngh Grid Computing l chia s, phi hp, s dng hiu qu nhiu loi ti nguyn n t nhiu ngun khc nhau. thc hin c iu , cn phi gii quyt cc yu cu chnh sau y: a. Ti nguyn thuc nhiu vng qun tr khc nhau Cc ti nguyn Grid phn tn theo a l qua nhiu vng qun tr v c s hu v qun l bi nhiu t chc khc nhau. Khng th ch i mt s thng nht chung v cc chnh sch s dng, chia s, bo mt gia cc t chc. Grid cn phi tn trng, tng thch vi cc chnh sch qun tr v s dng ti nguyn cc b. Cn c mt c ch chia s c tnh mm do cao, t m hnh client-server n peer-to-peer kim sot chi tit, chnh xc cch s dng cc ti nguyn chia s, bao gm kim sot truy cp, y quyn, p dng cc chnh sch cc b v ton cc; chia s nhiu loi ti nguyn khc nhau t cc chng trnh, file, d liu n cc my tnh, sensor,; v cho nhiu phng thc s dng khc nhau t n ngi dng n a ngi dng, t hng hiu sut n hng chi ph, t a ra m hnh cht lng dch v, lp lch, phi hp cp pht ti nguyn v thanh ton chi ph. Cn c c ch dn xp vic chia s ti nguyn gia cc bn tham gia (bn cung cp v bn s dng) hp l. Vic chia s ny phi c qun l cht ch v c t r rng gia cc bn cung cp v s dng v nhng g c chia s, ai c php chia s, iu kin no th vic chia s c thc hin. b. Ti nguyn a dng, hn tp Grid phi qun l nhiu ti nguyn khng ng nht v bn cht, s dng nhiu cng ngh, cc h thng qun l ti nguyn cc b khc nhau. Ngay c khi c 2 site cng s dng mt cng ngh, mt h qun l ti nguyn cc b nhng c cu hnh khc nhau cng dn n c cc chc nng khc nhau. c. Vic tn ti ca ti nguyn trong Grid thay i theo thi gian Trong Grid, cc ti nguyn c th xut hin hoc bin mt m khng h bo trc do nhiu nguyn do khc nhau nh li h thng, li mng, cc chnh sch chia s ca nh cung cp,y cng l mt thch thc ln m bo tnh tin cy ca h thng. Cn c cc c ch tm kim, xc nh ti nguyn, pht hin v phc hi li. d. Vn phi hp cp pht ti nguyn Cc ng dng c nhiu i hi v ti nguyn m ch c th p ng bng cch s dng song song cc ti nguyn trn nhiu site khc nhau. Cc chnh sch qun tr cc b ca cc site cng vi kh nng b li trong qu trnh cp pht ti nguyn i hi phi c cc c ch c bit phi hp cp pht nhiu ti nguyn, khi to cc qu trnh tnh ton, theo di, v qun l chng trn cc ti nguyn. e. Vn iu khin trc tuyn, theo thi gian thc (online) Cn c c ch cho php tho thun s dng ti nguyn trong thi gian thc thi p ng nhu cu ca ng dng, nht l trong trng hp cc yu cu v tnh cht cc ti nguyn thay i trong qu trnh thc thi.

 ti Tiu lun: Grid Computing. Gio vin hng dn: Tin s Phm Th Qu.

Bo mt (Security)
Cc h thng Grid cn phi cung cp y cc chc nng bo mt truyn thng nh chng thc, phn quyn, bo v thng ip, ton vn d liu, ngoi ra cn p ng cc yu cu sau: a. ng nhp mt ln (Single sign-on) Mt tnh ton n gin cng cn phi s dng nhiu ti nguyn khc nhau, v th nu c mi ln truy xut ti nguyn li cn phi chng thc ngi dng l iu khng thc t v khng th chp nhn c. Thay vo , h thng Grid cn c c ch cho php ngi dng ch cn chng thc mt ln m c th s dng nhiu ti nguyn khc nhau. b. Cho php y quyn y l mt yu cu quan trng, thc hin c yu cu ng nhp mt ln th cn phi c s u quyn. Ngi dng cn c kh nng u quyn cho cc chng trnh s dng cc quyn ca mnh, chng trnh c th truy cp n cc ti nguyn c php khc ca ngi dng. V chng trnh, n lt n cng cn c kh nng y quyn cho cc chng trnh khc. c. C kh nng tch hp c vi cc chnh sch bo mt cc b Mi site hoc nh cung cp ti nguyn u c chnh sch bo mt ring ca mnh. Do , cc gii php bo mt trn Grid cn phi lin kt c vi cc gii php cc b, khng c thay th ton b cc gii php ny m cho php k tha, s dng li. d. S dng cc quan h tin cy ln nhau da theo ngi dng cho php ngi dng s dng kt hp ti nguyn t nhiu nh cung cp khc nhau, h thng bo mt khng c yu cu cc nh cung cp phi hp tc, lin lc vi nhau thit lp mi trng bo mt. V d, nu ngi dng c quyn s dng 2 site A v B, th ngi dng cng c th s dng kt hp 2 site A, B cng lc m khng cn cc chuyn gia bo mt ca site A, B lin lc vi nhau. e. H tr bo mt lin lc nhm Mt qu trnh tnh ton c cu thnh t nhiu tin trnh khc nhau, nhng tin trnh ny cn phi lin lc vi nhau theo tng nhm. Cc nhm c th thay i trong sut qu trnh tnh ton. Grid cn c gii php thc hin bo mt cho cc nhm ny. f. m bo tnh ring t Mt trong nhng kh nng ca Grid l cho php x l d liu trn my tnh xa. T y cng ny sinh vn cn bo v tnh ring t ca d liu, sao cho cc ngi dng hay nh qun tr trn my tnh xa khng th xm nhp, s dng cc d liu ang c x l trn my tnh ca mnh. g. Cho php c nhiu ci t khc nhau
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Thc hin: Nhm 06- Lp: M11CQCT02-B

 ti Tiu lun: Grid Computing. Gio vin hng dn: Tin s Phm Th Qu. Cc gii php bo mt khng nn ch tp trung vo mt ci t c th m nn ci t theo nhiu cng ngh khc nhau da trn mt nn tng chung. iu ny m bo tnh tng thch vi nhiu h thng khc nhau. Cc gii php bo mt trn Grid cng nn cung cp s h tr mm do cho cng tc bo v lin lc (v d nh iu khin c mc bo v, bo v cc gi d liu trong cc protocol khng m bo tnh tin cy (UDP), h tr cc protocol vn chuyn tin cy khc ngoi TCP,) v cho php cc nh cung cp ra quyt nh v phn quyn cng nh hn ch y quyn theo nhiu cch khc nhau.

Qun l thng tin

H thng thng tin Grid cn c cc c ch h tr vic truy cp, tm kim thng tin cc loi v h thng Grid mt cch nhanh chng, chnh xc. Cn c cc chc nng xc nh c tnh phn cng, phn mm cng nh cc thng tin trng thi nh ti hin ti v trng thi hng i trong trng hp ti nguyn c lp lch s dng v c cc c ch cung cp cc thng tin ny gn nh theo thi gian thc. H thng thng tin cn h tr theo di thng tin ca mt lng rt ln cc thnh phn, cho php nhiu loi thc th truy cp, tm kim thng tin trong khi gim thiu cc chi ph v cng sc v ti nguyn cn thit to lp, cp nht cc thng tin c tng site ln ton b Grid. Mt trong nhng mc tiu ca h thng thng tin l n gin ho vic tm kim thng tin ra cc quyt nh s dng ti nguyn thch hp, do h thng thng tin cn phi c xy dng theo m hnh d liu n nht (uniform), cung cp mt giao din chung truy xut nhiu thng tin khc nhau. M hnh qun l thng tin cn bao qut biu din cc cu trc thng tin trong mi trng tnh ton phn tn. Mt trong nhng thch thc l biu din c cc thuc tnh lin quan n nhiu site cng lc (v d nh : bng thng lin lc gia cc site). Do ti nguyn ca Grid rt a dng, c th c thm bt theo thi gian, do kh nng tch hp thm cc thng tin mi vo h thng l rt quan trng. Cc hthng thng tin Grid cn phi c kh nng ny. Cc h thng thng tin Grid cn c kh nng pht sinh thng tin t nhiu ngun khc nhau cung cp cc thng tin tng hp v h thng. a ra cc cch thc truy xut mm do n h thng thng tin, ngi dng cn c kh nng c, cp nht cng vi kh nng tm kim, nh v thng tin. H thng thng tin ch c th hu dng khi n c trin khai rng ri, do cn c nhng k thut cho php ci t, trin khai, bo tr d dng trn cc site khc nhau. Cn c m hnh qun l thng tin phn tn, nn cho php u quyn to lp v qun l thng tin ti nguyn cho cc site.

Qun l d liu
Cn c m hnh qun l d liu phn tn, cho php kt hp d liu t nhiu ni khc nhau, h thng qun l d liu cn c cc c ch qun l sao cho c th che i Thc hin: Nhm 06- Lp: M11CQCT02-B
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 ti Tiu lun: Grid Computing. Gio vin hng dn: Tin s Phm Th Qu. s phc tp ca d liu, cung cp cho ngi dng cch thc truy cp n gin, hiu qu thng qua mt giao din chung m khng cn bit n v tr ca d liu. Cho php sp xp cc v tr d liu v c c ch lp lch truy xut d liu ti u nhm nng cao hiu sut ca Grid. Cn c c ch di chuyn d liu n ni x l m khng to ra hiu ng c chai trong h thng mng hoc cc vn v truy xut d liu khc. Cn c cc c ch truyn file hiu sut cao, c ghi mt lot cc file hoc cc chc nng chn la, tinh gim d liu t xa, cc c ch iu khin vic cp pht ti nguyn phc v truyn d liu (khng gian, bng thng, CPU).

Pht trin ng dng

Vic xy dng Grid gp kh khn hn nhiu so vi cc ng dng bnh thng hin nay, cn phi a ra cc m hnh, phng php gii quyt cc vn nh chia s, chia nh, phn tch, di chuyn , bo mt, qun l, d liu, ng b ho cc tin trnh, cng vic, nhm tn dng ti a kh nng ca h thng. Cn xy dng cc m hnh, cc mi trng lp trnh, cc b cng c phttrin ng dng cho Grid nhm n gin ha vic pht trin ng dng, to iu kin a cng ngh Grid Computing vo thc t.

Cc vn khc
Khi kch c Grid tng ln, chi ph qun l cng tng theo, hiu sut ca Grid cng gim xung, do khi xy dng cc cng ngh Grid cn tnh ton kh nng m rng ca h thng. Cn c cc c ch qun l tin trnh t ch trc trn ti nguyn, khi ng, kim sot, iu khin vic thc thi ca cc tin trnh. V m thc thi ng dng, dng c bit ca ti nguyn lu tr ny i hi cc c ch qun l phin bn m ngun v m thc thi ca cc i tng m bo tnh tng thch. Ngui dng mong mun c th dng mi trng o ca Grid vi cht lng gn ging nh trn h thng cc b. Do , Grid cn phi cung cp cc cng c n gin h tr ngi dng xc nh cc dch v, s lng v cht lng (QoS ) ca chng, cht lng trong trng hp ny lin quan n kh nng truy cp dch v mt cch nhanh chng thng qua cc giao din hon ho, cc h thng chng thc thng minh v cc ng truyn tc cao. Cn c mt h thng qun l phn phi hp l gia cc nhu cu ca ngi dng vi kh nng ca ti nguyn, theo di vic s dng cc dch v, v cung cp cc dch v cng thm khc nh qun l ti nguyn cc b, qun l hiu sut, trng thi ti nguyn, qun l ng nhp v bo mt.

Thc hin: Nhm 06- Lp: M11CQCT02-B

 ti Tiu lun: Grid Computing. Gio vin hng dn: Tin s Phm Th Qu. Cn c mt giao din chun chuyn cc yu cu ca ngi dng v kh nng ca ti nguyn thnh mt ngn ng duy nht bt k nn tng phn cng, phn mm ca mi ti nguyn phn tn nhm mc ch phi hp hot ng.

Cc bc trong qu trnh hin thc ho Grid Computing :

Tch hp cc thnh phn phn cng v phn mm n l thnh ti nguyn kt hp thng qua h thng mng.

Xy dng v trin khai : Middleware cp thp cung cp mi trng truy cp bo mt v trong sut n cc ti nguyn. Middleware cp cao v cc cng c phc v kt hp cc ti nguyn phn tn v pht trin ng dng.

Pht trin v ti u ho cc ng dng phn tn tn dng kh nng ti nguyn v c s h thng.

Thc hin: Nhm 06- Lp: M11CQCT02-B