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METAL DETECTION - BASICS THEORY OF OPERATION

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METALDETECTIONTHEBASICPRINCIPLES
TheoryofOperation
Mostmodernmetaldetectors,includingtheGravityModeloperateonthebalancedcoil,fullloopsystem. Threecoilsarewrappedaroundtheaperturethroughwhichtheproductpasses.Inthecentreoftheenclosureis thetransmittercoilthatbroadcastsaradiofrequencysignalandgeneratesanElectromagneticfield. Equallyspacedoneithersideofthetransmittercoilaretworeceivercoils(figures1&2).

Thefieldisgenerallytrappedinsidetheshieldedenclosureofthedetectorbutsomefieldescapesfromthe apertureonbothsidesofthedetector.AnythingthatentersintothisfieldthatiseitherMagneticorElectrically Conductivewillcauseadisturbanceinthefieldstrengtharoundit.Allmetalshaveeitheroneorbothofthese characteristicsandwillbedetectableifthesizeofthesignalislargeenough. Thesignalsfromthereceivingcoilsareconnectedinoppositiontoeachotherandthereforewhennodisturbance isoccurringtherewillbeanetsignalacrossthecoilsofzerotheyarebalanced.Thisformstheelectrical equivalentofabalancedweighscale. Asmetalpassesthroughthedetectorthebalancewillbeoffsetasthecontaminantenterstheapertureandagain asitleavestheexitside.Thisdisturbanceisamplifiedandanalyzedbythecontrolelectronicsanddetectionwill occurifthesensitivitythresholdhasbeenexceeded.

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