How do Apollo fire detectors work?

Ionisation (ionization) smoke detector The sensing part of the detector consists of two chambers - an open, outer chamber and a semisealed reference chamber within. Mounted in the reference chamber is a low activity radioactive foil of Americium 241 which enables current to flow between the inner and outer chambers when the detector is powered up. As smoke enters the detector, particles become attached to the ions, causing a reduction in current flow in the outer chamber and hence an increase in voltage measured at the junction between the two chambers. The voltage increase is monitored by the electronic circuitry which triggers the detector into the alarm state at a preset threshold. An externally visible red LED lights up when the detector changes to alarm state. Ionisation smoke detectors are good general-purpose detectors which respond well to fastburning (flaming) fires and are widely used for property protection.

Integrating ionisation smoke detector Available in the Series 60 and Series 65 ranges, this type of detector works on the same principles as the ionisation smoke detector, but has modified signal processing circuitry which allows an alarm threshold to be present for up to 20 seconds without initiating an alarm. This type of detector is suitable for use in areas where transient high levels of smoke may be expected. Integrating effect in analogue addressable systems

In XP95 systems, the integrating effect can be mimicked in both ionisation and optical smoke detectors by adjusting the control equipment software to cause an appropriate delay. Discovery smoke detectors should be set to Mode 2 or Mode 4 to achieve this effect. Click here to find out more. Optical (photo-electric) smoke detector Optical smoke detectors incorporate a pulsing infra-red LED located in a chamber within the housing of the detector. The chamber is designed to exclude light from any external source. At an angle to the LED is a photo-diode which normally does not register the column of light emitted by the LED. In the event of smoke from a fire entering the chamber, the light pulse from the LED will be scattered and hence registered by the photo-diode. If the photo-diode "sees" smoke on the two following pulses, the detector changes into alarm state and the indicator LED lights up. The detector housing is identical to that of the ionisation detector but has an indicator LED which is clear in quiescent state but produces red light in alarm. Optical smoke detectors respond particularly well to slow-burning (smouldering) fires. They are widely used for life protection.

Heat detector Most conventional heat detectors (all Series 60 and Series 65 & AlarmSense A1R, BR and CR) operate by using a matched pair of thermistors to sense heat. One thermistor is exposed to the ambient temperature, the other is sealed. In normal conditions the two thermistors register similar temperatures, but, on the development of a fire, the temperature recorded by the exposed thermistor will increase rapidly, resulting in an imbalance of the thermistors, causing the detector to change into alarm state. Rate-of-rise detectors are designed to detect a fire as the temperature

increases, but they also have a fixed upper limit at which the detector will go into alarm if the rate of temperature increase has been too slow to trigger the detector earlier. The Series 65 and AlarmSense CS (static response) heat detectors have only one thermistor. They change to the alarm state at a preset temperature. Externally, the heat detectors are distinguishable from the smoke detectors by having wide openings to the surrounding atmosphere to allow good movement of air around the external thermistor. A heat detector may be more appropriate than a smoke detector where the environment is dirty or smoky under normal conditions. It must be recognised, however, that any heat detector will respond only when a fire is well established and generating a high heat output.

Multisensor detector Available in the XP95 and Discovery ranges, this type of detector is basically an optical smoke detector - so it will respond well to smouldering fires. The addition of a heat sensing element allows the multi-sensor to give a response to fast burning (flaming) fires which is comparable to that of an ionisation detector. Multisensor detectors are general purpose detectors which respond well to a wide range of fires.

Carbon Monoxide (CO) detector

Carbon Monoxide (CO) is a poisonous gas produced by combustion and a CO fire detector is used to indicate the outbreak of a fire by sensing the level of CO in the air. The detector has an electrochemical cell which senses CO, but not smoke or other combustion products. The cells do not require much power, so the detector can be made electrically compatible with ordinary smoke and heat detectors. Apollo manufacturers a CO detector as part of the Discovery range. CO detectors are particuarly good at detecting deep-seated, smouldering fires. To find out more, visit the CO Detectors page. Beam detector A beam detector is designed to protect large, open spaces and is made up of three main parts: the transmitter, which projects a beam of infra-red light; the receiver which registers the light and produces an electrical signal; and the interface, which processes the signal and generates alarm or fault signals. When a fire develops, smoke particles obstruct the beam of light and, once a preset threshold has been exceeded, the detector will go into alarm. To find out more, visit the XP95 Beam Detector page. Flame detector A flame detector is designed to detect either ultraviolet (UV) or infra-red (IR) radiation emitted by a fire. The XP95 Dual IR flame detector is sensitive to low-frequency, flickering infra-red radiation. This means that the detector can operate even if the lens is contaminated by a layer of oil, dust, water vapour or ice. Flame detectors are effective in protecting areas where flaming fires may be expected. To find out more, visit the XP95 Dual IR Flame Detector page. Relative performance of Apollo detectors in test fire.

Gii php bo chy, chng chy n

H thng bo chy t ng Hng nm trn th gii cng nh nc ta xy ra hng ngn v chy ln, nh. Thit hi v nhn mng v ti sn do chy gy ra v cng to ln, v vy bt k quc gia no trn th gii cng c nhng quy nh rt cht ch v phng chy v ch chy. Tuy vy nhng nhng m chy vn xy ra do nhiu nguyn nhn. Vy lm th no hn ch mt cch ti a tc hi ca cc m chy. iu cc k quan trng gii quyt vn ny l phi pht hin sm m chy Khi n va pht sinh mau chng dp tt khng cho chng tr thnh m chy ln. Xut pht t yu cu trn h thng bo chy t ng ra i. Nh chng ta bit chy l do phn ng gia xy v cc vt liu chy di tc ng ca nhit . Khi c chy xy ra bao gi cng c 3 hin tng km theo l nhit tng, khi v la. Da vo hin tng ny ngi ta ch to ra cc loi u bo chy l: u bo nhit, u bo khi v u bo la. Cu to v nguyn l ca cc u bo chy 1, u bo nhit:

Thng thng c hai loi u bo nhit c s dng trong k thut bo chy l: u bo nhit c nh v u bo nhit gia tng.

u bo nhit c nh l loi u bo Khi nhit mi trng chng c lp t tng n mt nhit c nh no , u bo s hot ng v gi tn hiu v trung tm. u bo nhit thng c ch to theo 3 nhm A,B,C. Nhm A c nhit c nh t 60o C n 75 oC. Nhm B c nhit c nh t 80o n 95 oC .Nhm C c nhit t 120 oC n 135oC. u bo nhit gia tng(ROR) l loi u bo s hot ng v gi tn hiu v trung tm. Nu nhit mi trng tng ln t t khng qu 2oC/ pht u bo khng lm vic.

T cu to v nguyn l hot ng ca 2 loi u bo nhit chng ta thy u bo nhit c nh v u bo nhit gia tng c cu trc rt n gin chng khng cn ngun nui nn khng b tc

ng bi cc yu t khcv vy chng hot ng rt n nh. Gi thnh ca cc u bo nhit thp nn u bo nhit c s dng rt ph bin trong h thng bo chy t ng. u bo nhit c nh ch lm vic khi nhit mi trng t ti mt gii hn khng tnh tc gia tng nhit. Ngc li u bo nhit gia tng ch lm vic Khi tc gia tng nhit t n mc gii hn, khng tnh n mc nhit ca mi trng. Khi m chy xy ra u bo nhit gia tng s phn ng nhanh hn u bo nhit c nh. Tuy vy u bo nhit c nh li c tin cy cao hn u bo nhit gia tng v trong mt s trng hp mc d c chy xy ra nhng ngun sinh nhit li b che khut hoc m chy pht trin chm nhit tng ln t t bo nhit gia tng s khng hot ng. Khi lp t chng ta cn lu iu ny. nng cao tin cy ca h thng bo chy cch tt nht l lp t c hai u bo hoc s dng loi u bo nhit kt hp. 2, u bo khi.

Do gi thnh thp, n nh cao ca cc u bo nhit c s dng rt ph bin trong cc h thng bo chy t ng.Tuy nhin do qu trnh truyn nhit trong khng kh l qu trnh xy ra vi tc chm, v vy kh nng pht hin sm m chy ca cc u bo nhit l rt thp. sm pht hin m chy ngay Khi n va pht sinh, ngi ta s dng u bo khi. Hin nay c 2 loi u bo khi l u bo khi Ion v u bo khi quang. a, u bo khi Ion. u bo khi Ion l u bo c ch to da trn hiu ng dn in ca khng kh khi b Ion ho. B phn c bn trong cu to ca u bo khi Ion l mt bung Ion c cha mt lng nh cht phng x. Bung Ion c chia lm 2 ngn, mt ngn ng kn hoc c che chn sao cho khi kh lt c vo v c gi l ngn mu, cn ngn th 2 c gi l ngn phn tch l ngn h v tip xc thng xuyn vi khng kh bn ngoi. Cc tia ALPHA pht ra t ngun phng x s Ion ho cc phn t khng kh trong bung Ion. Khi in p mt chiu c t ln cc in cc ca bung Ion, gia cc cc ca bung Ion xut hin dng in. iu kin bnh thng, dng in ngn lm mu v ngn phn tch cn bng nhau,u bo khng hot ng. Khi c cc phn t khi lt vo ngn phn tch, cc Ion trong ngn ny s kt hp vi cc phn khi v tr nn nng hn. Tc di chuyn ca chng gim i dn n vic gim ging in chy trong ngn phn tch tu theo s lngcc phn t khi lt vo bung Ion. Khi s chnh lchdng in ngn phn tch v ngn mu t n mc nht nh u bo s hot ng gi tn hiu v trung tm.

Tia ALPHA l tia phng x c kh nng Ion ho phn t ca mt s lng ln cc cht kh v vy bo Ion l loi u bo nhy nht trong ccloi u bo chy. N c th pht hin c mi loi khi k c cc loi khi mt thng khng nhn thy c. Do gi thnh hp l v hot ng kh n nh u bo khi Ion c s dng rng ri pht hin m chy. Thi gian s dng ca u bo khi Ion ph thuc vo cht lng phng x trong bung Ion. Thng thng chng c thi gian s dng t 3 n 5 nm. Nhc im duy nht ca u bo khi Ion l vic s dng cht phng x Ion ho khng kh, iu ny s nh hng n mi trng v vic bo tr cc u bo khi Ion phi c thc hin cc c s c i iu kin an ton v phng x. V l do trn ngy nay mt s hng trn th gii ngng sn xut loi u bo ny. b, u bo quang. u bo quang l loi u bo c ch to trn nguyn l khuych tn v hp th nh sng bi cc phn t khi Khi nh sng truyn trong khng kh. B phn c bn trong cu to u bo quang theo nguyn l khuch tn nh sng l mt bung ti, trong c cc vch ngn xp xp theo hnh dch dc ngn khng cho u thu (thng l t bo quang in) c th trc thu trc tip nh sng pht ra t ngun pht sng (thng l cc loi diode pht tia hng ngoi). Khi khng c cc phn t khi lt vo bung ti tia sng b khuch tn theo nhiu hng khc nhau lm cho t bo quang in c th thu c mt phn nh sng pht ra t ngun sng. in tr ni ca t bo quang in gim i tng ng vi s lng phn t kh lt vo bung ti. Khi in tr ca t bo quang in gim n mt ngng nht nh, u bo chuyn sang ch hot ng v gi tn hiu v trung tm . u bo khi quang ch to theo nguyn l khuych tn gi thnh hp l ,thi gian s dng c th ko di hng chc nm, tin cy tng i cao v rt d bo tr sa cha. Kh nng pht hin sm m chy ca cc u bo quang loi nych km cc u bo khi Ion. V nhng l do trn u bo quang ch to theo nguyn l khuych tn l loi u bo c dng ph bin nht hin nay trong cc h thng bo chy t ng. Nhc im ca u bo quang ch to theo nguyn l khuych tn nh sng l chng ch pht hin c cc loi khi c kch thc phn t tng i ln mt thng khng th nhn thy c v phn x nh sng. i vi cc loi khi c phn t kch thc nh hoc khng phn x nh sng u bo khi quang ch to theo nguyn l khch tn khng pht hin c. Ngoi loi u bo quang ch to theo nguyn l khuych tn nh sng,ngi ta cn ch to loi u bo khi quang d trn nguyn l hp thu nh snh bi cc phn t khi. Loi u bo ny cn c gi l u bo tia. Cu to ca u bo tia c da trn nguyn l hp th nh sng, bao gm mt ngun pht tia sng (thng l tia hng ngoi) hot ng ch xung, mt b phn thu cc xung nh sng pht ra t ngun pht. iu kin bnh thng,cc pht v u thu c b tr sao cho u thu c th trc tip thu c cc xung nh sng pht ra t u pht vi cng ln nht. in tr ni ca t bo quang in phn thu lc ny nh, u bo khng hot ng. Khi c khi xut hin, cc xung nh sng i t u pht n u thu b cc phn t khi hp th dn n vic xuy gim cng ca cacs xung nh sng. in tr ni ca t bo quang in tng n mc nht nh phn thu chuyn sang ch hot ng v gi tn hiu v trung tm. u im ca loi u bo khi dng tia l din tch kim sot khi ca u bo ln, c th ti hng ngn m2. u bo khi quang dng tia hot ng rt n nh ngay c trong mi trng c nhiu nhiu, bi. nhng ni c in tch cn bo v ln, s dng u bo khi quang dng tia c hiu qu kinh t cao v chi ph vic lp t v bo dng gim rt nhiu so vi vic s dng

u bo khi quang ch to theo nguyn l khuych tn hoc u bo Ion. i vi nhng ni c din tch cnh bo nh, vic s dng u bo dng tia s khng t hiu qu kinh t, v gi thnh 1 b u bo tng i cao. c, u bo la. Trong mt s trng hp m chy xy ra do s phng cc tia la in. cnh bo s phng tia la in ngi ta s dng u bo la loi b cc bo ng gi gy ra bi cc ngun pht tia t ngoi t nhin nh st hoc tia v tr, u bo la c cc mch in bo v v hot ng ch xung B phn chnh trong cu to ca u bo tia la l 1n UV-Tron. y l 1 linh kin gm mt ng thu tinh cha kh argon vi hai tm in cc t i din nhau. in p mt chiu c t ln cc in cc ca n UV-Tron sao cho n gn bng in p nh thng ca n. lc ny gia hai in cc ca n UV-Tron xut hin mt ging in nh. Khi tia t ngoi tc ng vo n, cc froton c sinh ra ging n chy gia hai in cc s tng. V in p gia hai in cc gn bng in p nh thng ca n, hiu ng Avalanche hin v s gia tng t gt ca dng in c coi l tn hiu bo c la. u bo dng pht hin cc m chy thng qua vic pht hin cc tia t ngoi sinh ra t ngn la, v vy trnh bo ng gi khng nn s dng cc u bo nhng ni c nhiu ngun khc nhau pht ra cc tia t ngoi. Gi thnh ca loi u bo ny kh cao. 3, T trung tm ca h thng bo chy t ng.

Hng nm mt s lng ln cc t trung tm bo chy t ng c cc hng trn th gii ch to. Chng rt a dng v kch c cng nh chng loi. Hin nay trn th gii tn ti song song 2 h thng bo chy t ng: H thng hai dy v h thng 4 dy. Hai h thng ny khc nhau ch: h thng 4 dy ng dn ngun v ng dn tn hiu ca u bo tch di nhau. Cn h thng 2 dy th ng dn ngun ng thi cng l ng dn tn hiu. i vi cc c s va v nh ngi ta s dng cc h thng bo chy thng thng vi t trung tm vi s lng vi chc knh tr li. i vi cc c s i hi s lng knh ln n hng trm, ngi ta s dng cc h thng bo chy t ng gi a ch. H thng bo chy kiu gi a ch khc vi cc h thng thng thng khc l: Mi mt u bo chy c mt a ch ring bit. T trng tm s ln lt gi a ch n cc u bo kim tra trng thi ca chng Khi c u bo no hot ng t trung tm s pht tn hiu bo ng. H thng bo chy kiu gi a ch l h thng bo chy hin i, hot ng tin cy. Tuy nhin

do gi thnh cn cao nn cc h thng bo chy loi ny cn cha c dng mt cch ph bin. Cc h thng bo chy t ng l cc h thng i hi tin cy rt cao v hot ng lin tc 24/24 gi, v vy khi thit k h thng ngoi vic la chn cc loi u bo chy v s lng knh thch hp chng ta cn lu mt s vn sau y i vi t trung tm ca h thng bo chy: - T trung tm ca h thng bo chy nht thit phi c Acquy d phng bo m cho h thng hot ng lin tc k c khi mt in. - bo m s hot ng an ton v tin cy cao, t trung tm cn phi c cc kh nng t kim tra hot ng ca h thng, kh nng cnh bo cc s c trn ng dy v kh nng loi b cc bo ng gi.

H THNG BO CHY T NG
Monday, January 21, 2008 1:41:27 PM
I. KHI NIM V H THNG BO CHY T NG H thng bo chy t ng l h thng gm tp hp cc thit b c nhim v pht hin v bo ng khi c chy xy ra. Vic pht hin ra cc tn hiu chy c th c thc hin t ng bi cc thit b hoc bi con ngi, v nht thit phi hot ng lin tc trong 24/24 gi. II. CC THNH PHN CA MT H THNG BO CHY T NG

Mt h thng bo chy t ng tiu biu s c 3 thnh phn nh sau: 1. Trung tm bo chy c thit k dng t, bao gm cc thit b chnh : mt mainboard, mt bin th, mt battery. 2. Thit b u vo - u bo: bo khi, bo nhit, bo gas, bo la. - Cng tc khn (nt nhn khn). 3. Thit b u ra - Bng hin th ph (bn phm). - Chung bo ng, ci bo ng. - n bo ng, n exit. - B quay s in thoi t ng. III. NGUYN L HOT NG CA H THNG BO CHY Quy trnh hot ng ca h thng bo chy l mt quy trnh khp kn. Khi c hin tng v s chy (chng hn nh nhit gia tng t ngt, c s xut hin ca khi hoc cc tia la) cc thit b u vo (u bo, cng tc khn) nhn tn hiu v truyn thng tin ca s c v trung tm bo chy. Ti y trung tm s x l thng tin nhn c, xc nh v tr ni xy ra s chy (thng qua cc zone) v truyn thng tin n cc thit b u ra (bng hin th ph, chung, ci, n), cc thit b ny s pht tn hiu m thanh, nh sng mi ngi nhn bit khu vc ang xy ra s chy v x l kp thi. I. KHI NIM V H THNG BO CHY T NG H thng bo chy t ng l h thng gm tp hp cc thit b c nhim v pht hin v bo ng khi c chy xy ra. Vic pht hin ra cc tn hiu chy c th c thc hin t ng bi cc thit b hoc bi con ngi, v nht thit phi hot ng lin tc trong 24/24 gi. II. CC THNH PHN CA MT H THNG BO CHY T NG Mt h thng bo chy t ng tiu biu s c 3 thnh phn nh sau:

1. Trung tm bo chy c thit k dng t, bao gm cc thit b chnh : mt mainboard, mt bin th, mt battery. 2. Thit b u vo - u bo: bo khi, bo nhit, bo gas, bo la. - Cng tc khn (nt nhn khn). 3. Thit b u ra - Bng hin th ph (bn phm). - Chung bo ng, ci bo ng. - n bo ng, n exit. - B quay s in thoi t ng. III. NGUYN L HOT NG CA H THNG BO CHY Quy trnh hot ng ca h thng bo chy l mt quy trnh khp kn. Khi c hin tng v s chy (chng hn nh nhit gia tng t ngt, c s xut hin ca khi hoc cc tia la) cc thit b u vo (u bo, cng tc khn) nhn tn hiu v truyn thng tin ca s c v trung tm bo chy. Ti y trung tm s x l thng tin nhn c, xc nh v tr ni xy ra s chy (thng qua cc zone) v truyn thng tin n cc thit b u ra (bng hin th ph, chung, ci, n), cc thit b ny s pht tn hiu m thanh, nh sng mi ngi nhn bit khu vc ang xy ra s chy v x l kp thi. IV. PHN LOI H THNG BO CHY H thng bo chy s dng 2 loi in th khc nhau : 12V v 24V. V mt l thuyt c hai loi ny u c tnh nng k thut v cng dng nh nhau. Nhng, so vi h thng bo chy 24V th h thng bo chy 12V khng mang tnh chuyn nghip, trung tm 12V ch yu c s dng trong h thng bo trm, ngoi ra h thng cn bt buc phi c bn phm lp trnh. Trong khi h thng bo chy 24V l mt h thng bo chy chuyn nghip, kh nng truyn tn hiu i xa hn, v khng bt buc phi c bn phm lp trnh. Tuy nhin, trung tm x l h bo chy 12V ( trung tm Networx) c gi thnh thp hn so vi trung tm x l h bo chy 24V (trung tm Mircom,) Ngoi ra, H thng bo chy c chia lm 2 h chnh, gm: 1.H bo chy thng thng: Vi tnh nng n gin, gi thnh khng cao, h thng bo chy thng thng ch thch hp lp t ti cc cng ty c din tch va hoc nh (khong vi ngn m2), s lng cc phng ban khng nhiu (vi chc phng); lp t cho nhng nh, xng nh Cc thit b trong h thng c mc ni tip vi nhau v mc ni tip vi trung tm bo chy, nn khi xy ra s c trung tm ch c th nhn bit khi qut v hin th ton b khu vc (zone) m h thng gim st (ch khng cho bit chnh xc v tr tng u bo, tng a im c chy). iu ny lm hn ch kh nng x l ca nhn vin gim st 2.H bo chy a ch: Vi tnh nng k thut cao, h thng bo chy a ch dng lp t ti cc cng ty m mt bng s

dng rng ln (vi chc ngn m2), c chia ra lm nhiu khu vc c lp, cc phng ban trong tng khu vc ring bit vi nhau. Tng thit b trong h thng c mc trc tip vo trung tm bo chy gip trung tm nhn tn hiu xy ra chy ti tng khu vc, tng a im mt cch r rng, chnh xc. T trung tm c th nhn bit thng tin s c mt cch chi tit v c hin th trn bng hin th ph gip nhn vin gim st c th x l s c mt cch nhanh chng. V. GII THCH CHI TIT CC THIT B 1- Trung tm bo chy: (T trung tm , Trung tm iu khin, Control Panel) y l thit b quan trng nht trong h thng v quyt nh cht lng ca h thng. L thit b cung cp nng lng cho cc u bo chy t ng. C kh nng nhn v x l cc tn hiu bo chy t cc u bo chy t ng hoc cc tn hiu s c k thut, hin th cc thng tin v h thng v pht lnh bo ng, ch th ni xy ra chy. Trong trng hp cn thit c th truyn tn hiu n ni nhn tin bo chy. C kh nng t kim tra hot ng bnh thng ca h thng, ch th s c ca h thng nh t dy, chp mch. 2- Thit b u vo: L thit b nhy cm vi cc hin tng ca s chy (s tng nhit, ta khi, pht sng, pht la), v c nhim v nhn thng tin ni xy ra s chy v truyn tn hiu n trung tm bo chy. 2.1- u bo: 2.1.1 u bo khi: (Smoke Detector) - L thit b gim st trc tip, pht hin ra du hiu khi chuyn cc tn hiu khi v trung tm x l. Thi gian cc u bo khi nhn v truyn thng tin n trung tm bo chy khng qu 30s. Mt mi trng t 15% n 20%. Nu nng ca khi trong mi trng ti khu vc vt qua ngng cho php (10% -20%) th thit b s pht tn hiu bo ng v trung tm x l. - Cc u bo khi thng c b tr ti cc phng lm vic, hi trng, cc kho qu, cc khu vc c mt khng gian kn v cc cht gy chy thng to khi trc. - u bo khi c chia lm 2 loi chnh nh sau : 2.1.1.1 u bo khi dng im. c lp ti cc khu vc m phm vi gim st nh, trn nh thp (vn phng, chung c ) a. u bo khi Ion : Thit b to ra cc dng ion dng v ion m chuyn ng, khi c khi, khi s lm cn tr chuyn ng ca cc ion dng v ion m, t thit b s gi tn hiu bo chy v trung tm x l. b. u bo khi Quang (photo): Thit b bao gm mt cp u bo (mt u pht tn hiu, mt u thu tn hiu) b tr i nhau, khi c khi xen gia 2 u bo, khi s lm cn tr ng truyn tn hiu gia 2 u bo, t u bo s gi tn hiu bo chy v trung tm x l. 2.1.1.2 u bo khi dng Beam - Gm mt cp thit b c lp hai u ca khu vc cn gim st. Thit b chiu pht chiu mt chm

tia hng ngoi, qua khu vc thuc phm vi gim st ri ti mt thit b nhn c cha mt t bo cm quang c nhim v theo di s cn bng tn hiu ca chm tia sng. u bo ny hot ng trn nguyn l lm m nh sng i nghch vi nguyn l tn x nh sng (cm ng khi ngay ti u bo). - u bo khi loi Beam c tm hot ng rt rng (15m x 100m), s dng thch hp ti nhng khu vc m cc loi u bo khi quang in t ra khng thch hp, chng hn nh ti nhng ni m m khi tin liu l s c khi mu en. - Hn na u bo loi Beam c th ng u vi tnh trng khc nghit v nhit , bi bm, m qu mc, nhiu tp cht, Do u bo dng Beam c th t ng sau ca s c king trong, nn rt d lau chi, bo qun. - u bo dng Beam thng c lp trong khu vc c phm vi gim st ln, trn nh qu cao khng th lp cc u bo im (cc nh xng, ) 2.1.2 u bo nhit: (Heat Detector) - u bo nhit l loi dng d nhit ca mi trng trong phm vi bo v , khi nhit ca mi trng khng tha mn nhng quy nh ca cc u bo nhit do nh sn xut quy nh, th n s pht tn hiu bo ng gi v trung tm x l. - Cc u bo nhit c lp t nhng ni khng th lp c u bo khi (ni cha thit b my mc, Garage, cc bung in ng lc, nh my, nh bp,) 2.1.2.1 u bo nhit c nh L loi u bo b kch hot v pht tn hiu bo ng khi cm ng nhit trong bu khng kh chung quanh u bo tng ln mc nh sn xut quy nh (57o, 70o, 100o). 2.1.2.2 u bo nhit gia tng L loi u bo b kch hot v pht tn hiu bo ng khi cm ng hin tng bu khng kh chung quanh u bo gia tng nhit t ngt khong 9oC / pht 2.1.3 u bo ga (Gas Detector) - L thit b trc tip gim st, pht hin du hiu c gas khi t l gas tp trung vt qu mc 0.503% (Propane/ Butane) v gi tn hiu bo ng v trung tm x l. - Cc u bo gas thng c b tr trong khong gn ni c gas nh cc phng v gas hay cc kho cha gas. Cc u bo gas c lp trn tng, cch sn nh t 10-16cm, tuyt i khng c php lp t di sn nh. 2.1.4 u bo la (Flame Detector) - L thit b cm ng cc tia cc tm pht ra t ngn la, nhn tn hiu, ri gi tn hiu bo ng v trung tm x l khi pht hin la. - c s dng ch yu cc ni xt thy c s nguy him cao , nhng ni m nh sng ca ngn la l du hiu tiu biu cho s chy (v d nh kho cha cht lng d chy). - u bo la rt nhy cm i vi cc tia cc tm v c nghin cu t m trnh tnh trng bo gi. u d ch pht tn hiu bo ng v trung tm bo chy khi c 2 xung cm ng tia cc tm sau 2 khong thi gian, mi thi kz l 5s.

2.2- Cng tc khn: (Emergency breaker, nt nhn khn) c lp t ti nhng ni d thy ca hnh lang cc cu thang s dng khi cn thit. Thit b ny cho php ngi s dng ch ng truyn thng tin bo chy bng cch nhn hoc ko vo cng tc khn, bo ng khn cp cho mi ngi ang hin din trong khu vc c bit c bin php x l ha hon v di chuyn ra khi khu vc nguy him bng cc li thot him. Gm c cc loi cng tc khn nh sau: 2.2.1 Khn trn, vung 2.2.2 Khn knh v (break glass) 2.2.3 Khn git 3- Thit b u ra: Nhn tn hiu t trung tm bo chy truyn n v c tnh nng pht i cc thng tin bng m thanh (chung, ci), bng tn hiu pht sng (n) gip mi ngi nhn bit ang c hin tng chy xy ra. 3.1 Bng hin th ph Hin th thng tin cc khu vc xy ra s c t trung tm bo chy truyn n, gip nhn bit tnh trng ni xy ra s c x l kp thi. 3.2 Chung bo chy c lp t ti phng bo v, cc phng c nhn vin trc ban, hnh lang, cu thang hoc nhng ni ng ngi qua li nhm thng bo cho nhng ngi xung quanh c th bit c s c ang xy ra c phng n x l, di tn kp thi. Khi xy ra s c ha hon, chung bo ng s pht tn hiu bo ng gip cho nhn vin bo v nhn bit v thng qua thit b theo di s c ha hon (bng hin th ph) s bit khu vc no xy ra ha hon, t thng bo kp thi n cc nhn vin c trch nhim phng chy cha chy khc phc s c hoc c bin php x l thch hp. 3.3 Ci bo chy C tnh nng v v tr lp t ging nh chung bo chy, tuy nhin ci c s dng khi khong cch gia ni pht thng bo n ni cn nhn thng bo bo ng qu xa. 3.4 n C cng dng pht tn hiu bo ng, mi lai n c chc nng khc nhau v c lp t ti cc v tr thch hp pht huy ti a tnh nng ca thit b ny. Gm c cc lai n: 3.4.1 n ch li thot him (Exit Light) c t gn cc cu thang ca mi tng lu, ch li thot him trong trng hp c chy. T ng chiu sng trong trng hp mt ngun AC. 3.4.2 n bo chy (Corridor Lamp) c t bn trn cng tc khn ca mi tng. n bo chy s sng ln mi khi cng tc khn hot

ng, ng thi y cng l n bo khn cp cho nhng ngi hin din trong ta nh c bit. iu ny c { ngha quan trng, v trong lc bi ri do s c chy, th ngi s dng cn phn bit r rng cng tc khn no cn hiu lc c kch hot my bm cha chy. 3.4.3 n bo phng (Room Lamp) c lp t trc ca mi phng gip nhn bit phng no c s c mt cch d dng v nhanh chng. 3.4.4 n chiu sng trong trng hp khn (Emergency Light): Khi c bo chy, thao tc u tin l phi cp in. By gi n chiu sng ny s t ng bt sng (nh c bnh in d phng battery), n gip cho mi ngi d dng tm ng thot him, hoc gip cho cc nhn vin c trch nhim nhanh chng thi hnh phn s. Hoc trong trng hp mt in t ngt do c s c v in, n Emergency cng t ra hu hiu. 3.5 B quay s in thoi t ng c lp trong trung tm bo chy, khi nhn c thng tin bo chy t trung tm thit b s t ng quay s in thoi c ci t trc thng bo n ngi chu trch nhim chnh. Thng thng quay c t 3 ti hn 10 s. 3.6 Bn phm (Keypad, Bn phm iu khin): L phng tin iu khin mi hot ng ca h thng. Qua bn phm, bn c th iu khin hot ng theo mun mt cch d dng, nh nhp lnh a h thng vo ch gim st, hoc c th ngng ch gim st mt s khu vc trong ton b h thng, hoc c th lp trnh h thng t ng chuyn sang ch gim st vo mt thi gian nht nh trong ngy i vi mt s khu vc no . 3.7 Modul a ch: Modul a ch c s dng trong h thng bo chy a ch, n c kh nng cho bit v tr chnh xc ni xy ra s c chy trong mt khu vc ang bo v. VI. TIU CHUN V CC YU CU THIT K 1.Tiu chun TCVN5738-1993: H thng bo chy t ng yu cu k thut. Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc h thng bo chy c trang b ti cc nh my, x nghip, c s sn xut, c quan cng trnh cng cng v.v.. - H thng bo chy t ng l mt h thng cc thit b c th t ng pht hin v thng bo a im chy chnh xc, m bo h thng hot ng lin tc 24/24 gi. 2.Yu Cu Thit K * Vic thit k, lp t, h thng bo chy phi c s tha thun ca c quan phng chy, cha chy v tha mn cc yu cu, quy nh ca cc tiu chun, quy phm hin hnh c lin quan. * H thng bo chy p ng nhng yu cu nh sau : - Pht hin chy nhanh chng ti khu vc xy ra s c.

- Chuyn tn hiu khi pht hin c chy, tn hiu bo ng r rng nhng ngi xung quanh c th thc hin ngay cc gii php thch hp. - C kh nng chng nhiu tt. - Khng b nh hng bi cc h thng khc lp t chung hoc ring l. - Khng b t lit mt phn hay ton b do chy gy ra trc khi pht hin ra chy. - H thng bo chy phi m bo tin cy. H thng ny thc hin y cc chc nng c ra m khng xy ra sai st hoc cc trng hp ng tic khc. - Nhng tc ng bn ngoi gy s c cho mt b phn ca h thng khng gy ra nhng s c tip theo trong h thng. - Kh nng d phng cao. - Kh nng m rng d dng vi chi ph thp.

Inside a basic ionization smoke detector. The black, round structure at the right is the ionization chamber. The white, round structure at the upper left is the piezoelectric buzzer that produces the alarm sound.