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fflll,"~oo III Kiiehito· .. fOOISh"'p~ .HT'I1 1'!'il\'C'Je!.I ~('I the US 1!.0'Slud) fo.rd·s River Rou,e n nuf~I.IfIa:'~ r;_[:~ru~·nMl~'h hit \,I.",. II'l1Pft'~d b:" ,1'Ie seale ,of Ip!I'lIHI'uc~~onl.~, <"l.ls.o rnliz.cd
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h:r}ut;! r.r::.:.:n:!O;'d maJ UI 1.>uo.:;'I 111 the 1"~1i: ~ 'fI=-- '" hen ~h~ 01 i ~is IS made man \ IjlC.OP I~ ~h 11 le .1 i (I~ .Ha ~ C.lrs. fl"O!JUil :li"H11~:h~~.y ,\~LQn .:Ind Lurur-:a:n ~1'~ lnltl!' 'iJfli~~s .;rIm ~~ J ~ rnro f"«esMon ..ud l,tklSlo:1 Lilli: .w:~o mU!.k,:rs Su.~ler:I!'iJ t!J~e:5 t[:IG'Io~;CV"'l the c:ffidcnC1o ;amine;:uDElil~ tU. _. ,.,.",,rf1i!' Tr~$ I~el~d T c:rY·~~fl~ unce h~d:, Til is n<!uJ fil:'H;)' h1..~~!1.h'lellC'd im¢li"{;s~ fliJ Ulf,: l"PS; ~",j~PML rrrll: 5!{';[C-ITI rG.rm!!uy C~ [0 be !L.lI'!o~'nOl:$ the Til'S in i ijl1. Um:il th~l:i..i,!\,v;as, ac:l:lail'il ,af llX"hBll,il!JUb t -" '""G't: ;ullliJl-too """;i~ in T 0:-1»01.1 In 1'~'7S. ~~r(il!!!p C'f '!;Jlgi neers fOON TiOfOla.. Llndar ~h'l: .gn d~c nf Ohne, g,i'we ~.pr~if'lt,J11~n ill To ~IJ OJII ;~ TP$. 1'1111$ f'!.li'ilher il'i!~ lin (w: S}'st~IH and mllnfy ex pnl.$~.~d ',i.'!"1i:I im,erest g (e" m ing mCil.rlIl jJI bu!!l~ II T O}I'U[a bre u~; I:l T!:"S 1'0 me US

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~a I qS). ~hfl:: tCliffi:P:U'l}'·5. niillwtl "''"3:S ch@!I'l!¥O ill' To) ola MO[O'f o~n~d its ~~W1"1pla1it in G~QIFg.eiOWF1'~ K':;lmutl: ..T\~~ Y~M~anr.!r

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nt'

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its ~)W~ o~~fo,l1s. ,","'''t;''S$i\~ "'t1plI!lJ!!ipendln~ T3\fLo;:'1 Teyoda (II1liI!~u;ml."\·hofC:UJk O"'l!T:lS, U'IoC!i:nmil~:m~'·S ~rn~d!!fI1 in ~99Z+ Ix'S<'lli~ c::nflli[IIi c~t;$ h~ chmilrl~lir~J;: ~U liI!ml't:cc~f} ~~~:p~lIdiHm:. i9Q~. ;1nC1i T;3i~~r() ~o lu ,re-£~g~-~ddl;ic ~.{i :heilll ~frI ~1;;~'~OflS. I,jli ~~,h il 011\. r:Jrdil:l ~'Ok~idili)1 bel£IlI'lU: I U)'tH ;~I p:r'~'3,dI~nl~ ~nJ ]9'96. lI(;)y:ota! e'>u'!1i>01~(I\'l:~cdh~ ~~ft;dtIC~'l(l'n N{)nh Almcd~R i:rJ .p,rad.t!iI.C.~~~l' o~ll,~siilL((I .IM~Cinch:'lT~Ci;~i-b;;il$~d Toyoti-! MC;lbr M~ll~d'rl,'~uring (Nonh Amcr~C':l.J,
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~.i1! ?9g,l!, Q1kll(1U' • ep,l:aced ChaLnTI}(n S:~to'iehTI'd I'oy,od a al~d Fuj i/O Cho {ChC'!) h~clJ IHe Ihepre.stdem ef !:htCQn:~~~!lY, In fhe 'same y,elll~. TG,'n1!l I~st~d irs S:t~M~son lHHh~hc • N'ew Y.ur,kiHHIi L(iJ!!ld>t!1)1 (".<: s;jirl~k._~,~~h~nce. )' ~I~ee:!Jr!~i2CMXCl.!;,. B T~y?UI !ld b~cum~,o:~~eGft~feh}p ma'!l'Ur.!!lCl'L.l!Im.rs.l1Ifea~ ~11 h .__ '\.._ - 'iIlhl:' ""wid ~d \'>lolllS PQ-!;!i~ ~o bemJlrile she b,ICS~II. laullc:m.o~ll:eoom~!1ji' •
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TtlETOYOTA PRODtJcnO:N SYSTEM

Ii;J~~ rh:c iPS ~ no I he hanrl iu.:'orlk '0', O'hoo <l1fmre..:;mi~. Nd!.lllli!d Cil!ltK~l'11s. d~\:<el~ I~ S.llIki!dai ~i( r~ aIlItllEJij i. i~jfi,~'~.~ iIU! "'"00 ~lIiie1lQ1lti~ '.he e.. m~£p~ ~;.d ,*",.:,loJed Iheminl!l .(ams!! ~'$'t!l:'m 1101::: '~,Oll!> oh-o 'rli:S~~i~r~ fir 'i'!I"'3 .. nl!il[: iii UII[.lr&e. 'lillf To)*:o1~!) 'C'IIlpi!~ ~n loow la. usc ~ impr~m~ II~ ~lll:":u .. lli~ TItS '~f'!ed to. ~llillt~'fconlC ~iwc de~:i :i~H:'~ 'UI" hllil'l3~iioffl 'or l pwlol!iUCIJiHrlnL "h~ic ui!o':'ll~n~ mIISt ull d~ ... .'lId~JN~ I.fu1;: ~ ~.J!R:::5~ hlfililn fmd I !/:'\'!!, tl.Jiltirn~ re:sWln!:~ 'oo:....i1:v¢l". It had. n al:JwllliJrI£1.: nJh>.!n.f '\(n"~I~ rml'Mr_ rben::folt:'_. the TPS 1.r;~JI to ~flJ:n;o:I-se~h~ I!'llki!enq of ~!I~C~ i~u h)i cl ~1Il I una1'ing.'~ ;t" L~:!JnJ If I w crin!; Ic'USK ... Ttl!." fucu:. !If Ih~.. rI"S U.I!> 'f~~lU:! fkJil C1r ~'n~!Illnlu~11 t:hm_m,miUI1 ;I~~~·"',a~~C'I~r·\ftltlo wa~dl:n~,mc.cl 'I~, .~In~ nm:~l;'ri'll ur .~C~ IIUL'l~h~~ dId fllOI,idJ, '1:J'lh..!'t1; 'olhc fi(Il~~ pm'du~'~ t~ n .i~,as'5umc.d Jilola ! <I~l;:' q i!JIi p 11')'1;" ~'it e 111'N,III:~'11ii, iJ,~'" ~"t~~ !~:h.::~l~d~,~ u,~'O:'~'!>'\'~~J!tr.. ~ ~ ~~'i! i'l~r!d.'Iill 1I0l~ \~'J~'d ~ ~~. ~n! m~llnil'U~~I!:'I'~!I~t {;:o;'~ ~m ;_h,iLt "'><IS ;Jb~oll~'h.::I.\ ~~~~tH i.'d! In p'tKhi..:;tr~l'r" Iq!1\ ~ Ilr~'! li'&. :rnd !i~~~! 1~~~1, iil,~'I--c.1!o,:L,;'d OImo m {"os,:, hcheve.d[h<il.i W3SI(~ Iw,1 O'!lt, 1~"I:;;L'd c.o~l. b~it <Jb~l n)n~Ii.\'J 1\1:.;Jprob1enlS wl111irl ~h~' :_;,} "cF,n Ih-atJed ~ to mor~ S{Jrkru",!'~~pef":~is~i,i,H:i~ m a later :i~.agl;,': g~ft;'r r:~hi~)I[ v ~~~ ~ i b.h!1~)·~' !.!'JHllllCnt;iQU (~r ~'h'e-'~sQ:\'~r1 '~~ l'lSE'c:~rnrnllm!lfat:t~'I.l'in,~). the ' s,}"I~ 01 f'l~~Hph:l'ellt~.L'd A'~.I,IN~lir •. ;md 'Ihe-soli:pa.!1 reb,1d kl ·I!C' 11"L~t for 11lIIlL'lt'liS-, \l. hid1 ~1~llI~,-J ',~Of.I..C".fSmui "lIppl~cr~ 011110 \~;5 ::l .gT~"~ b!;:1 \'ef 111 the ~mpo:ruulH:c ofJk'O'ph~, t \IT,dLiIC'JI. u... rcsp."C[ fur p.vplc> lu) dU!". omd lif~ln-~ ire e tm1pIC~l "~ ~~~'JII}' uphdd -i:n .!I~.JI@.~.'Ilie' ,.. M insffiLlne.rual iI'! de~r' lflplng 11iM:I ifell .•moe emPlD~ ,~m:C'iP13' ~OylthL 'wJ~Wh~de ~t!!'r:kien. ~ ct>.mrnil~d te ~he !:ilUilpany. H~ ,~ig :~n'l:f~!!fd ~~'!{;' u~h:C' !IiIr~lII,~ 'I.'i~lm;g ~he ~ lIIJ!1,~r&~~. Ilk "il!.1ll!lik!e;rS. h) ,clfCilite, fe:oflll\l_i! a 'Ora Iila!.l nQ~-Ihil::'wofihi f1I~ :Umgl![ie:. O~ ~\'l:l._1 ~O!i o:f I~: tos!!I;p:p1'1 as ~ ~IFj!;.-~I~f.~ E'B ~IR:d:liiri~ O~711hi: ndnlJraa~ri" .. ,~ depended: ,~fl, ~ I~~md}' ~illa:bilil~}! Clh~''li1mil!!~ls. The 1"5 S"._~€dl nc~i'blil!iil}1C1rp~ and. !cmll~, UJ:'il;j~ @f re!'illJu.Ill:~,and ~~ ~ <I; ,~.! q~._ ~ brins :about t!llpt'OliIE:trll:illi1S in ;'!'orL

nr ~~

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part,

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IUf'L!!.::l I~U.:SoM Of! nmnl!!"lillCllHUl1!, S)'5h.:U~~ UJ.:~ XH .nul

~n ~~

~fJ:)SS-'u:ained wurker:;. supplkd

c:a[!lh<l!mt;;\1.p;),;f!S-~S

1I~ TPS invah+ed ,~,f1e~ilik 'ootc:h PU.lCCS!i..wid1 n'lul~'ipnTfKl:ic ~aj'l:IOIll ~-qUir-im::::-:t'a!Rd ll:j'Jn hWf!flitory. It {!~mt-d .III dimtnilir~!iI!1; 'ul'~s~a~e a~J ~,}li.~eiUl~
'a:il:;;o

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,~UIJpl'rers.

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ill! prm;~olf
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1'!l!!ilI!lio!ll<S, '\~"IE:~

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l)~,,\.'llit.::

6.04 .ovo.

.lust-in-Tl HIe
j IT was the fO~l.I'ldat.jon of ~~le TPS_lt<;, ..~,,~~~\!a~ 1£ elimin<llC W~S:Qt of a]~ :l-dfl_ds by piOg_u~i!l;g:__Qr ~pIY1T11i~tc~ia!~s of1I"C,~·t du::)'\~~~':JK_~~flL¢'1f__ul!in!l;jplebchinJ ,CI, JrT_ w~s. to

prod uce •'on I\' l he m:Git:$:':<rr,"\.· p ,lTd ~~-p;m;cra:t"~l'U?l' .

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A.dopting J!T ••[lowed T~;~'v!"f10 do ~IW11.: \\·Tth Inventory .1tJfldstores, Ihe!'~b~ ,euHing out the corresponding' iC"SlS, ; \"'~'.l!;e:;p~~idlf i mporlam ItH' TQymJ. as the c.ompan; was based in 11 country wh~·rE: 11a,~ industrial l"lrld "'~'<ls. scarce, Therefore. there was liul.c scope for Toyota [0 ime!1;p-'.11!vc rti cal Iyt ,), . rnak ing' its o.WH c ern pcuerus {~Inl ike c cnrpa ri ies Iik~ G (!,lle:ni I MrH Q rs whj;;;~, wtr~ higJ~J;· vertically iu[~;gratr;';d~.i\;'; a resu It Toyota's ·c()m.piocmeni. l~u"dng·5(Jategj'. \\'.1-5 s 9.l1' eM~ed:~)' •buy' " and 1t '~q:l:S lmport an[ for ~ c Ompan)" to be abl e 1:0 gel irs t~mpon:en on .. he ~S t·itn~ ~"J::.gllvemed T oyota •$> bU~1$tnle_gj' ~.J .

rr

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.~'"~~v

l~leTO(htct·iQn. . ro~~¢ss·.MtWJlth_g:r ~ ~lyc'idi.n~ elimrqafing_;,.. _ or~ u' i1a:uJlf'.aI, peaks; and .·ulli~$_ iu . ro(fuc.tion~ Olma be Iieye d thii;t.whef! ihe (:!roducliQ!!.:· rQtti~s Was smoQl'i a,n'btIDill:!UOUS. then ·aUpr.o(lOctir(.l<tod:_qu.al:itt'~!E!'s '",:olild iLQiL~~the.·~~E.S~: Ti~)ul-d IIl'en be corrected ..·Hirn:l«)U~) wastspeed without 'cotllinvity' is mcaf1i;:;gl~ss'_ Ifilie ~5j"orl.lchon line was eirhertoo r~:-;~.or tooslow; il "'"ollid cfe:oLte:'irpje:rHOf)"pmbl~rt~!;_ for ..o;allilpli,.:. , h igh-5peed productionat one point ,oj"~h~ ~in~' wcwl.rl rt~ul'l in $~(i6;lJ$_imbalaucesin Jh..: 1()'.steil' h \\:ould sucki n'.suppl ie5- tO~1 lir~L cr~<tHj!ig. ~h~).I1<H':U:Sril .!he··~p!;ece:qlrig -S:tlll-gc."\ Q'I" j1filildutl jon,. <inc! JlT "'as to make

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rrOdlld~ .. cre'll.li t'lg.~",c'C_'>.~ ,1wl.c:n1(1[')' at the n,~:o;;tp,6~nj ~.n··~hc -line" ) ~ rs;¢:ugh't

~s on "i_\_\d~{:'ji' rhe
OI~w1
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i~ced

liJ :i\.?Qitll,hi::;

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i he

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·{)f the U$ ~LJP~'rrn<lr.kel.s i n hj~ I'Il.lil:*(:IiiL'!i! ~:,:.!tn;<" .i)1' lheg ~_~IIX~I-IiT:II'h:!;;-, 11'; wld·enHw;.a lh~ll1lr'H-L:.~Il(_'(,· ~lf;jd.ding in\ !,.'!HOI';.' on 1:-·, ..·he·1l 1"\\ :1$ ]l~'\~~<:d an.;: not '1o.!l~H\~ !i1;,LI,

_~Ja(i.!d~!'JIIier.

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I fl"ot;IHOf)

~l:~ l;l·tlild to

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l10lilH I hal

had .bcen

(I:s",d:

notmore.

'W]

I!:~$_

(J j' t.he uct ;on J i ne Sl aned ·.L~11 he po Int o ~b~'I:~was dcn~l;t·nd ror <I certain 'make er car, ~~s. ~ks.scnTbl:,'bt~g.an IhL.:'faClOi:)', \VhC'~1 as:>cHlbl) ~ asready 10 begrn, (he pans-were dtHvereo H) at [h~ ... tl hj' ljl(' pr'~\'IQ~I~'pmcC'~I:~ j-r'1 tilt: ptoduL,tlon ITnc.VI."bQlr lbe. p1lT1.S hadto be" deIIVC'lt·_,J to tile li$~embly. ,(be S"tJ~1~1icrs ~IJPpl~d !he nl\\ i1~lH~rral~, their' manufacrurc, Ir~short. (h;mriJid pli lled i I()r 111~:1-.:i.GH1of/'<; '~qiTj.;_ 110\\ _ Thj-s b·m;l!~j nn 1h,(;' 'pull" ;S~'!;-irt~f11~r manu nj~'hj"fi ( l1:g .,15 ~lgai o~.i·ilk IMpljl~~rlY" used . push sY*,({';!ll. ~ ''idi~re (;'<l.(_;J, Pi'tlCC'S,:> manufacrused c'omp(Hh~cHS': tc jts: h:ighc:';l Ijdwn[j,ll and then pushedthem dO\\'n \h~~ j I:W, ~)n'O;:ll Cr~;'lllr.lg 'f;Xc!:SS J rwemor; OlHCI id)k~tldi~g ·(}r I 'lhe'ppd~Lit~iprl Ii rte (R.¢fe:r Exhibit \;'1.: .

J f" .~';;T~~~r" b-~~.:~.:;d ~"",,,~~~:::!, i~~'; ·r-::n

l:L'h~oille'tdemand.

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t~r ~,!:i;::'~ 1he:· ',,\ or!~·i n ~

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w,~.; .

In an ideal siwatio;ll. i r J IT was, ac]~i~;ve{tIhro~ig,lWU[ lhcorganf:l?ttO,1. then in-..enw,cj:' \\'oul'~ b.. : ~· completely eliminated and the f?LC1'ory would 'ha:ve 110' J~.e¢dforstores' anQ.warehouses. 1·lo'~;:~\·ej·, .ac:hieving.JH in all processes atHom;itl.~i'llly v..:oul.d ~e. v~ry dVm.6"1,111 for ,eom·p,a,nl,e·j like TV)'4ta . .\'I,,'hichreqlJ.irno tho~sar':ds of·compCi:n'e,nt~· to Ifr~nuTac.h;Ir.~ 'One car. The very CQmpl~ji;i~y qJ the -sysrern would make ~1dHflcuh for pn.:~(;;di!)~ pro-C;~$S~S correctly aruicipate the.exact JeHHIf1~~ to o f't he' su bseq uertr processes, It \""~s. to ove rc 0 m ~ th is ·di ffic u lty t hal T oyot<ll d I!""':I'vtx-x! ~he .K (p'; bar:

systerri,

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be SfliO!:dbel~d'i'«~~ lpod~;~1 ii~.This na{L&i1'j:(JI'._llIJiicli!, 1""~ilno'!i~Ufdl·'Si'#JlRck·. "'<I!;: ~)I r~f'uE in that .~ mm~oould ,adapt '~Q~fid .-d did ,~~~ ~~ 'di;t:1'IM re:cn~ilnew' w"ft~, w:l::u:mtbe d~pdf~.r !.'lcm:llilfl .rype of product inc.ea~.'d Ptefipk\,v~r:eol~ org;nl ilcdi in Ula~ Oill'ld I~h '[earn was 4'S:S'igned ,11 e-n~il'l pora:iol1of '~<e~K. ~,~el11ooil'$c[llJ1d 'th''l:l'Igt ~ m'!,e!;,~Yill:tiin ~he 111(:411111_ T1!Ili:so1T'se( It~1~ mnllotOIlY m~:s p:rodu~~iGr~ ,

'0

or

The stress W.ID;S an e>mp'C'"",,Ci:':ITl i::llt m1fd work~r.'l w~r~ gi v{'~':! the r<":S'pO:I~r.'ihi lit}' running and ~mfwovJng Ihe~rQwrl w(trijshop.~. Any empk'tyec'at ~ny I:cvel (:of (he. hh':T~rd,yhad a right. I.~ rnake i~:llIil{'()\vil1:l'l~e~ll~S: ]JrQ.c.6ses;.. l'hi,s wa~ eall~d: ·l,oI'is:i'blc !!!"~·!'1!ri,;l· in ::lnda,J ~ w~rkel'5~ook p'cSit,iv,e $~ep~
1

or

'~N

1iJa1e. ~~"iIlm: IliRIel ,~~q,';d~ll:rm 1l~' ~,,",cr(' I~~.nro~:d of dte priQciII~ pa!II1S Ito be 1pi'~~a.r.4 11il,'l:~Il; or~WIli(m ~ll(el;l!IClm. ill ~[~ l!hc ill:ci[tW: ,B1)l"Jmri~ fill dCl!l::~S'l~ ll'li"j;OIiJJ di.5_dli'nl ;;mdl ,~~m~'~ '.t~tedl ilo ilihc·'f~ ,a:n.d •.lhi~ 3U!lIl!'1~~ each $I ttll C0w.:;~iItii:IU·OOl!ldli1;:., '!I;diMii~i'~ ~'i~ ~~ rNn't tI'lc' O'J]!I~Mm d'epa~L This l'Kttp.."'"d imfll"l(!.'in· fl':!imiu. ..... i!iV'lI mlet, ;ind d~ morn'l'~ in Ihe ~ra~.Hlries.

to j~r{)~

O1'Cl;ID!

cf~

JjO'l1

\.~~rnil~hi!'m a"Ii:!"~~~i,liont"'f

,e!'fl;p1i\\\~!:r~"(I ~'1:I'""e~l':=: ;;•.) 1>(0;'1 "1~

-f~yO'I:.:t·~ eornn~~~ul!:nl ;o~\'.<lirds ~rupmu~n~lilL lbis philOS'!!!phJ ~-qI~rirn~~1 ~j.r t1p.~v:.:nj(l!lS: iu ,i! [i~M: n I!!:ne \·.~r <lin i1bllo~:lfIr

dC'i!'«Ei\\'!! C'flndi~ion .~roe;.(·i'!i'~~ ~ in(!',Thi~ d~:!i:":la~oolhe lru::;;l Il1la!:TO)'Qm pWaJe.L"di.n il.he:ca:pa:bll h~ f {I,1f ~~s. ~,vO"r~er.=lIlnJ. ~~.~.!l:. ak;;e: me<lll~,~ l(l, -pr-.omQl!e \!o'llirkelt po(llrtiit[:t~;Ji1 ion 11h'll' ml fo'n~~e:ffJehtrnd .Jid(J.li~j . \V~ ~':!i',t il 'Wi1Ji~ mrli! W~~lJl {}~rntcd 'Ill!: '1I::0'l']\I'cyo ~~!Ii:I"d ~~c;).~ th:e,.t['I~J~~~ ~)" ~m!~dr. W
..

,.<~l' ~, '\..

the p!'odm:!j,ol':!line, Or ttl-und hin:tsc'lf the IGre~8l~@11l h~jpltl'll ng tl cord calJed the'andon' .' ~ ,oofd.",,:J~;h.:b WO,WI l.el !;I~l.orfa:na'l<rml s.~'steml!:fI(jI,'UlultJl!n<l:te: U~e cohll'roolciclc) 'aBGOf:l If!~e¢lriic Ught "", -- .• , .' ·r.. ,." r- 'I !<t." .. ,/~,t::'.L\., . ,j" 'I • - "II l:. 'h"··.. . •.. .~ ·'.:,--oo:a:~a (1I1i!e~Clr I~~I~JlIJnVil[)~ n'L'I:S""'O'~i'l:iI,aJ MrS:,1 '~ue'~Gr~ers~!il'" :~I~p.ervuiOffi"~(1Illhe·:pme~n~ ,Ora I~"ll!tm~.n Jhe lil:le,.il( 'lfieproJ:\liem' '~as no~,~[ilfiied.·'1WiiIJhi~ ~sp~c~fieicl~e.netl:('Onlmi. ~Ehmlbe ~ine 'wo~ld ~I.op. i~1f muY.aJl'[y or ,gto!nu~t:2InJ.· c _'q; -. . 'V "

Wh~f!~v<'lr ~I w(\ri.;iJor c;"ect~·ij·,an~t:merJ~mnty d

unable

loker::p fl~CC'WW1 the line. h~cou!dsIQP

,)if pr~IJkmin

en.iii're:

Thc.Ji.drJ1«:l s.JS'Iemhel~pb"d1~~atten1 ~n
f(.Umre

t'D

Ehe pmb~cm as s_n

,iuiid I~

II OClCUMtE. :tl!lus preventin@

~,\'IMJir!I!iId~~d~c I

fWl1hu 'ClIH1.~iClilli~ru;. TIlt: ,~bkm Irould O,fl,f.f!1k ~on-:.\·Gb:rl !lnlH .."iI.Ilall.~IS b}. dl~,illgo;'!lU~~it.m

fWlI'

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pK.:hf!.~

~odit"f

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as il: 10000lm;;-d pK""l!:ilTlt!:cl :*i!: ~~~. rr'El~~ ~_IQ~ ,oJ! ~JP'I\e:~e IfnI '0'11' ddfeco !o'"£' plI"od~~"b_ 1 ~~, hc:r~i I o~,'O~O!l. htC"'·(,' ,1it~~1 k-....ds 1.1 qu;:l'l,rl), h .. I:nl ~.~a. illS 'fai'l.ll ~n ~ \:I."IQlike~' ;J'lnh~y OJS ~~nnk...,'TS.
1:dl"-DliiifyiIIJgI:~

or

10 tl'lrsur~
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LH'I

that wurl..c~

Sl~ •ed d!:~,i{lU(l,USeas,iI~.

Olma called

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ror ",,,,ni, 10 b.:'5~andatd,I.~d

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tu ~
rt \,\.1 i

1f~'I;lrU"C[ iul'l!;'

helng

Job.

":~"Jmmun hu ~ 11I11! H·" U, ,,!Ur '~III lie' II ulldr!!.;'d .. nl Ii !l'I~'~ ~~a~h..luI! "n n\ i~1

I '~~"I,I'~O$'"

f~'I:;"~olfie;~.

1'2:ihl~h~~ dli!"~h~'111!!t"tWn nn]Um,~jl"r1i,!',,~\~J,~C~ ~~,!!n::' ~md i~~IIt;'l!JJ<'Ill ~h{' ~~~S Ir(li~'U""~ f1lrn'millf!fI,~n~!I~' ~~1 ~~S w~rrkw~ m~li~jci,1 ilm'~~t~!J:[\$"wmi~IUj i r11 d~v{;'liupil'lg Ihe [ulll p~l'~.~m nl' \~ orli.c$S. 'naljnin~ and ial ind.uCIJ.Q!l ol'.s~JP~!"\I:!~Of~<:Llld m,milll~cr:s ,Qrt~m ~n~~!;!d l:hlt~e n~91l.11~.s-~r11Wr~~ and il W~\~' r~eri,Jli~ NlS nOt <rS$lg!~ed hL~ dC~rl!:ll~H.teclpl~('e ,wt,)rk ~~ntn thl:.~~mupan)' \\';:1~compl~'w~~1 Dr ~mi~r1iC'd 11'1,;)[1he ~~~t.~ film~,lia,r l",j,!h the r~~~,~)lll ~~'~y, 'C'(;~m,lits ~\~ntl po~ti!!d li'r~d~nF~n~m N 1~!ra,i~'1~ oi\'V~:(;'Ne ;llndle,~lr~~the t~~ \;'adolu!!'l i!~It'CI:.~ (If Ilil ,,,:rIPs.~ II] ILh~ l~r,l~ JOG o~.'l (j~'I. ~1,! ~~ ~ O i ~~(:"$i~'I!~ .i I'~ ~•• kl~rUlil!\~ Nj 'e1~'SUf1~ i! h.i:lt ~u ,eru;r.I~Q.YI!::C'~ ~""~I'l.: ~",ll.!I.U..(l~~~c'I~~~ llU 111l1::' Ilnlu~u:li!,cH.J!:!li~~,[l.'lNp!;;,~l,~~i'lUIS J;lm~ ~bl." htH ·:il.l u;ld!ll~iqlJi(:S m ... ~ngi nccri'!~Q.

Siitfay and wQr~c:r lWen«jl1l~ wt:.n:aJ~~iWnii!iSl"~ ,dea:lof hUpon~HC'~ fisToyota .imiJ O!mQ ~~~f:...ed th~t illi SiJfuJy lOOmi!i;,j,QUS wori;, IJdace '",Ldd ~r:(l.Ye the ~I~oli' Il1c''w~ad Ic:ilid ;i1Ji ~w.r l~utli"rit1i". One 'eJ:liiIIplloyec lreal,t~lXil:ed 'lila.~. al :a:i[6i~ n:fll!U" mtmOOF!i !(1f;a 'Ie.~u iw.a.di ,~Ii..md ,anil:dud ror '~oJ;wti~Ka.n 'Qrds ..w~!Rl}m .!!¥,.,!£lI.i~G IIbe~fJell", IIDIIIl:~f'5 ~hm, 'G'« ,c~[I'I:UmI~illlUi,c, w.uc:ed ~i.m.e 31~d' nJ'iiOO!. IliiCII,weVU.,YilIlial Illtey OO:aiBd 'he. ~tJ1;OO t:(il IObr.a •. Ihr poJiQ.U:d, OU:l:~IiI~itf;iIe ~id~ , w~ ,~,,.,;ri",S 1 Ilim~~ dte',dri~l 'wolil'ld h_lIl~ 't!illl ~j)lIil'jj bu~I'dI.~, Ithe ~af~.r .oofl~iH.\~}I'., .Md' 11h~ fo\l{I~ld I!it!i!lt,Ix: pd foil' his, ."",,-rig. OiIi!'lO t:!I!S.OJSa~d ~~iJI, f, Qffth"'~t~le a while prnVided ~~f'(:~5C ~. ~ ~ for 1iJ~ MIT/IOn ,co~kc[ot~s \\i'eU";~iing.. -Mf- Ohl1i!:1 WIllli 1,)I)'ing <IE 'the: .b~ggl!:rpiC~(Ulre. He p~a~ the· ergo-nG'.mic 'Wl:n~ing ~r l~e: '~~m IT!~U'ihcr before :1he SllDfi -term C.(1)!!!1 e m~ (l1f' ic:ngr •- ~d Tesh iar.:i T a.?l,i;,~~~:. pe!ii~i'l; 'OJ( T oYOla

me

ror

M{ttor NOiMh Am(:'~~i.IIn(', "

ro

61):14170· I

.Aw)}'Sli.5. ~id ~Mt d~ s!'$)(~tie d~t~:'€i~pm1."'II'It ,aoo limpr,m~_fi1r:1l ·,.if '~ihcliPS: ,dVi:~ '0hM!. ·Ohoou.~ ~1' d~blg 'I.'l!fil~ ~~~ u.dl ~'Id 1~1iI!11fi1~ iin I~he·ptmmli~ l1iI:f'his,~~ He "'9t11di ~i:rl!!\f,I'1!1t •. -II ~~. ~ till<'I!l ~:a,~~~ ~hiii ~eiRe.intli::!1 a rUdtinc·~hotP <1001.1 wa:n! e'1if~~ ""''tI\rki~ [hel·~''(Ioi;e fiC~ii1t.~L! ..' in ~11Ifn1:' ~'L; iii! W1e:yeaF~o' see U dODe. -I>ii U'edid nat ~u [litem haw lO do u, -y.(Jlj boo \,~ :hl!< clmi~~ w~tl~ IlIiIm:. saidl'Nhf!Tllan BOOClk. wlilQ lI:ii'l~1i1liled ~ • 11':. Ij .Oh· .· I'I.cn; ~~r". J_ ""lW ,.;,Qg·t·, i$I'~

'0\.-.

~t(lpi!~ !\;3'id ih~;!lJnlll;Q,':!:i, ru!h::It.~-SIfl£:S5. pmbnibJy ~1'Ilmtl'lt:d rr/~I ~Jl~ lI'tl!e~ :th~l~ il~",<It'i.i1ii~l')'IO ~mjptlieme'lIJjl.~,~~~ <itS ~a<. ii;. ~.rlrllli$.-ei~«'I1iw~ly M, po~sHi)re ~~.11oy.m:a".AIO!d he bc.~n rn~:ss. re.]ent]ess, h~~~"o'l!,1lld Yl:l:V'~' liOd t 0 f'~I~'''' ('l:~t1>~ of ~)'Ppo~i~.~tln rtd imp~'~H a Irti!", Ifll~t go .:i.~r~n!; ..... O:~~t~'O' f1 nu~nc~ ~,~ sl tn TQ:~H,~, ~l;'riI~ !.;l,1,;cr in ·JaS::;. ~r']lp!t,~)'~~.~tl~~i."!rl w j,\S~ tl~~'m$~i"ies 'wt~ca~\"'~!!'!icl Oilntl i'l<l!fCsaid. l]1 WiM",",''';'t:: d 0] In' ~ hf: iJr,; dOlie'. \~~hen ~ r~f~(;~ti p.:l rtieu] <l.F~y !I'ltky proM e 1"1'. th~.. :it . . .-

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n:;';NEFUS· A.ND CI'IALiLIENG'E;S

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~lh'ihues"cm To,!l'liI. Dr :~heearl)' 20,CWs,J~'G1:a lhad '~~Il;~pahd~1ty IQ IMa!U1I.1lif1l;@111i1fita !C<liI'~, fmfU1 ' dl1l ~al ~:ofiul ~m1w in fi~ dillYS. Thhii G!!;~'~ ailmJWI~' ;ilJ '~mls,idLmlJbIle8d~llagc !ill'll« ,~~l~ Q'ilimy ,11).r m.mtlXll,k ~rlr 10 !!I01Iys 'fti Ihes:;mllC: pn;!C~. w A;~lyru~. ~l the: leli1iliil~ilJ' ~"Iri&llfI by theTPS idlo~ TO~.aJ~o PkIlL"'eUu; ~ 'I1,I!SC oil 1[5 ~es fM ,~31~ 1~!:JI;\ii~y. '~~ I~bt: 19I}1h..;~ For(UQ(: ;anldl:' ~~-dh!) ... C'!I"",o d~W~nl if~C:;SiillirtC_'m;
\"'~milili611~rM1~~ .::n diH:'S<Jffl!!!

m~TP~ 'COlltfe~~d

Wi!'i1l IIImQl;ln~ '~f n~i'H~?, _d iProduCilhrii~,~'Cing

._

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'~~ne

~ "1,(I;},'d13,. ~~hift.~

tll'I~md

'of !lit

U1b;r0l1l"

mumlll&:~.u~M,~ .

_
oyo.'Ii'!one of" ;1h.~ ~ ~\'Glrcn:lng,. which ",ade
(ooduc;:ti;."d
~f! c;a:f

C(l!IJ;lf!'1 ..
Si..'1''';

ie.5 in

U~"W
II'I'C \~nrl:d. Ont amlyst

people

hou th iH~~ C1r;jU'id drn.flgl:

M ~

fOtT

m.ufllt:li~makilil,~ Soniadm~ A·r'/r:~u l'Ir.l$ IIiJ.ie <lin ~hc' beucir En:t qU:1llly~UJrvC'~

~~lt;:[()pt
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\'£'

1'(I~ola 'Cilr'lur~-rllhl: ~Urt ~)(I::<llinnifl, ninl; <Jhl. n.f' I'; 't'hi.:lc' !It'lUl~'''lb <100 "~'()II lit]ree p~,;lIir .31\~"Llrd:s.. l (lru: OII,'I,;lJJYSi s,.m!:. ,(I.~01.i!;1\\sucrcss iloi II~dbj UfhJi.i.ml~i.l.ml~i1);delW~'f~d 2(10.
(OI~ilr~111:~

;"':e pinc~s,··~~·.'hJ~rIii~.I' ~ a'~ld ~d'!'~·1 l:lltJU1'o1111 rC;l';{)'~lrc'n: li.oo lis. re:UJlil ~ed in hi gin: m>lj(~ to: i~mt)=~,:;[he;: w~W~;t:liS'~~ be- ~',!'l~;W' ~il~:.: w~'r\" Vl1hl~II;l 'H tl'll: (,l1~?1'lir1l,n,:: ~11~dil":l~~uyl;;'df;I h;gJh ll!:vd ~nlpt.i,,~'ermun t, G
~ ~l-~IP;:_r)"''I!:-JllI-'-i::'I-U~' 1 -""':j~r~-'-::· -.,_.I:,i\-'c-;·I;-h~~~\.~7·[i cd !O::(' _ .... ~ h~:tl-,.fu~'

.or

rr;:'i,~[iol~ Sll jJ'l!__l~-L.:~:u~m,l.ii.:r~_JI1I~\'~[ceo., L_H.tM___[h~" '~n111,p,m) \V1l_~~~bh~ "1) st .. I'~I ~ .J.!;' -'t1~h.~~.tdu~rl!.:.C" ~ ·0 r nc:dhi u~~' lin;] i~ider.!" h"l~\'l!'r~n~l!ln~~~-;:;I.liSll,;;. r~~:1 n·as, H:'f~ Ph.lh!~~~~'\.·of it .. ~UIl'fI'li~flo ~mcl n~1~miIT~~7~:.;,j I)W ~'~c: rel.uiQll1S n ill! Ih(,nl 'fhb aUnf~cd il tit ..dal'1iI il~lf4ukk.l~ '" !M".rl-..i."t ·el.1m:Ji[illI1S. ~ivi!'~ II .~ C{lm~iH~~C ~d\·,a.fI~;Il,!to· \'4.:<f riv'lb. o ll,n31~:.t:o. CO!1Ir.k'.If.'d fu}'uta's ~h("~ ... "",1111 ,hw¢ u! hs ri~'ah. in ,.,\CSlClll CQ;In(l.I"U~S. ~C\,bu"fur tll~>~r~lu~'r 'J'h1r1, Iw.d hth.ldl! reial!l,iirn> \\ tnc'lf "ufl,o~l=> .mil i.,!,l:IM

~In

:s.ul':Prim,at ,i1Idi~umc,lc.

'>'(Ji~""".$~'r<!;t~$l~i~1i:.~ft1

I~ O!1In.Q'

find S:h~!1igo. ~Trl'l!'

Es;~t1~.ce o,f

l~\'I11lI Mlllnuf~;C'IiIlllfiftig

iilli'I~

Uu'

.ro~

uh~ 'ro~r~~c~;.o1il' Sy~[e-ml."

I} Otm{)~f'I!d SI!lr~~o"··ne E~~~I):C:'e' df 'i,eml rv,jillnUr~!CWrriHJ' 'I!~~ '::l~e r{'oj··~I.:!"'rorJUC!'li(:i!1 Sy3i(~JH,·· i www.s~ratt.gQJ!.im;:.tX.lrn ~.~ JI~nl1"ifer,/ir;koi.'''Toy()1<t'sNl:w .a~r~lll~ng~.~ In;(h.!!~I}' W!~!lJk. J'~,,~'1: L\ 2.(}~H

fro

\VOI'Sill

~fore

implemc!m~'liiio~ mkl.~'!Wj. 1i~u:~. ~~ID S consllJ..li:lly. ~n~l:tgs. ICly~d s.Up bad.;, ~" ~I C nen~w(J~
II (I pl'!;'i:UlfUe1I"Il! l·PS. tl'l~m3.
~!:

they b~'Qam:i:l, ~u~r ...TI,!j,~ dl!:~nOJ~di~d ,oo!npanr~ and dle:yof.i:~n -~bat,l,j,on~d dte' WM ~~s~pt:o@lI!e '[0 ru~ssiiIJ!I} ~nd if Jill w~ .ma~.' ,usm:i:nw s ~~~ ha:tl ~enberorc iUli i~p.klD!!I1la;don;il!lld. sO~i!;i~
lb.'; lib!.!

'("Sse

1~11Il!"1e-fcd w~rc ~Utnd)

'!II~~II"me.i'l~ rr, TO.l'ClI~idiid nlfll !"Ii:.a:rrge .i3!n::,' - .had~o be rd !J1bll~C(1 ..,)'1 h~ (".1 ie:ru~.

TSSC"

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in 'IiTle hUe' 1~ :<Idopring TPSllO .<1n(~ OUily ~;h~ ~n$u[~tarn~· !ll~iI1$e-s in KeDlu¢lr..}<

;~~~~r~Jted

ill

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rep!l~

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.;, ' llUl,~w ,bit 1J"od'd p~~.~llha.t n~ Iproduaion eM. '~Immt&t wCI1.dd TPSitn 1M! :!~~1tlC!r!:ttU!J. -.~, ~ bdi~ bY!1~~l!el~1 'IT!ps·) ~!ii~Uj ~pp!am bo,'Ib .~.uOOOOI MtiI tlI~~niog Ot!ll~~ p~uajBD il'la.n.~Q!nAdusirial endC3!I!W ,.b~e ~ mm'!~'I'Qha1ll,prod~,~~r~'~ltTIor '~!I~:-4~,en~~r'..~, ~~!~~~~~~~tI~Ebe

(I,~~

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bcgunexp~rImenting wi1h ·the'hnplemerllafion

~hc tmf1Ty,:;?!j}(}(iIs ••.se\ilerabCtQI!I1IP1J1I£~s~ ~9.Iil1l~;,!'A.btpal:l,.al'ld .'O~I,l~~' 11I:l.:r:~fieJi!ll?~~,rim~.

th~: ~W'frl~6HliTlldpl"IoII'l1eli FI!i~I~~:S;u.011m<l!jclfi cl[~~~~~:!i;Clll~~~!i3i'~y b'1SOO ~!'l,Tok:Yo.. j~pal~1 l''Q;sI: I(~~~e t:OWll[Il"iSi pnM.<lll' :ileJVmce)wht~hwas: pii~rm~d";n 2-tl(D aim e~lIIplo~"d TPS. 1C(Jf~U~~1 ;11 ~.obe,l:p, ~t mrcmnlill~ .c:]Xmrion:s ~d ,ret.'O~~ rmtu. krH:~
~.hr;WS 'GclPl:ml1Iirms.:a1 lmajor '!!.IIS r~: ~:n:pan.~. h,ld 3 TPS (~u:h~ju .. ~ ·Gono!''!"!>. OIl firuo..c,n S~ r~ u~iiI!jpr In the' S.~"'.d lrps to, ~Vu(jL! in\'!m~o~\" ~:I !111i.. Ifi~h"'i~singpl.;uu. Hid1ol)' CI1;I'I~r.<1 Sldbsidli~(ilr indu~f~ k~ll'!lh;'FFLTI'II~hLi!f(;, aml~dl\ 'Ir]l.e.f'mHkiJ!'I"fIL ~'I'~ok"'fn Wi!.:!:!!: st'~\i!ltt)' tRw '~lh>!''''42 y~"<)F'~ by~·dopH~rli'? {herPS. A hh~HJgJ! n.Mr1y !nal~U C;i~~.tJr~'r,!;hI E!,lrn~ ~I;nd l[l~' I.JS ;ldnWli'd !O'1C:lrn~m,;, till!' TP$ in ti'l~"ir of pmd~~~']i:UI] t>!,M~ms. nnn..: oJi'tllll~'m \~~Ii~· :O;~~~~"l;",~f~~j' ~ii ~;UlllIJill'~~it;'·~_, n;:~d~~.~I~n~ rm:,ltki :,\md;:o. ~i'" ih-li! ~id Ih;ll ;I:U\'i: 'fHljo: hl..'('<iu5.(- f ~hl!' ...ilc~aL ~'~H1umiC: u t •.•ifld ,'ullUml (hr'(!,!n;nces.I;II;"p.,u,,~J'l J,;lipaU ;md the

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604-070- i

·:EXHIBIT .I

(,HH(llHltS in milli(lHS

I:--:r='.e-"-:.e-u-.u-:C.---------.---CosrofGood0olJ

or-US dolkil"~ eXtep6 share.·amc}unrs) Min:h Q4i\:I.at·cb ')3 "J'\b Fi;h oil

:('6:3Jlj7,{)

:128.,96S.t)11

107.4431li:

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t:'.~>

.~ -.~ __ w--~~~-----~---~~~~~-----~.~~+_--~~~~. ~r.eciati{lu &. ;'\mortii~ti'Oll 9..177.0 ' 7;243".0' tU;)7S.0 .. r0peraung,f..· :-b"",'1.::_o--:u;:-:le_· .....,1_5.:.....7::-7.:....2·::-.0+ ' O_,_5.:....79 ...:..O....j, __ ..,;;g:,;;;,:2::..::0=-::,7~.O~· .~ ,,-t::'''P?l'41ililg'Margin 9·.4% 8.2CYo , 7.6.% I N.oMpemdng-Jncome:·.c·'~'· 1.269~O~·~~.. 7H8,0 ($7-5..0)., ",\ . No:ri6peratjngE.xpenses .-':196.0 .. ' '.25),0 201.0.
~. c•

SG.i~A E;i-in~t'.

Pmli! _41.57t{Q Grass :pr<)I;;t.r..larg;!,~

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I~

Income r;lefollS..ra~es Income Taxes ..me , N"ct inC(.J After Til.xci

17.845.0.' 6-.446,0 I

J\).644.0· 4.3O"LO .
r:

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.lloih:n 'Krn Cd 10:. 'a I~Cl~~I~.Cir atthe M~IF~chLl!i~r::u._.: l1s~:il~Ult.rCrn!t.fCC.hIJruO:loJitv.!Ilrsl coil1i~d Tihe t'"nll ~ .L~Mi!!.nuflKlll.lI:ing: ~rt;i~':! i!~C' i '''lOs- The'~~l'I.cept 'W~ based an 'lh~ p]~U~PI~y or T ~y(!lJ.;(~ L rmHI,,-~iOIil ~il\'j,~~ '"~ IRar!~I:i1JU~ ... ,k't~~ ,ql,l!;d:i~y pt!d~ ."viil:h a low'f'ii" l&ifOct rnt':.iI'nd ·0111 gre'~i"!!"" :!i~ 1.=D."1I ~i:ll; (OJ;:1~rill~ li(liHI~:" -1y:m, ~:sid~ ~ail\l~!.!jiai:~it!.rinc tiD lk ~k 'l!~em I~~'tml;')n of "!"f'S. iLean rn -nur~ urilllMis ~1(,"t'IIfbeqliLl~~It ~ li."SS- of C\'~I)'~hin~ I~IJ~ ~rdl;C .n,;~n!:ifa'f!lU!tl~'I~~t~~e. ~]~'i.' ~~-t:'S~~II~"ilHifll,'OQ1~IS, Itu: e1lil;gifu;.'C'~i!lllgho:un.3ift~ 1il'tl,1thc h~lrf if haU f t~rne \0 :PJ'O~L~..;e!:luOd~··lh<lt htWil tew~f dji:fcl':t;;. - ~rnl:l:;::co,fd~!lt;;C wi'thCl.i~h:lm(!r d·~ITl~ud. Lea.ll n:~ncfad;tlrin& is m!il~,h iIfi~ 'fleNjh1!ii:'[h~!lI ii'.rspred~'$SOfS.

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eusiomer W~UH s, h\H th(" (;llWi ~~u~'.~1 ~1::Id\alcIU~'l:='" i~ lI!t.Mth!." ~prQdw'.;: t~wre too 'C"1i;P1.;JilS ive, So m~ ~~ pl'{l<l~'1 ~on n';:lSdc,'\;' Inp",.-J ,,:1L~irl~:a,:!lum ii'~ IOf rll~ h...,~nlic~h~enlUlry as ur~ 1l1~c.r,nalive, "

Cn;fit tfQd ,~t~ 'r,rodm~I' O~ Inal!lfi ~,llQIIiofi. I~ "!"H~ I~ h;~my 's1.'ii'~ed '"aII~,,~ ,~.ple.. hu:r n~i.bli!:: I'aob. h) n~ ~~lIly ~\"hiJ~ Um l(~nf11\tr- ~ 'fl\), - ane ilm!!! 3t :gll~ime:. ~mk .spanS tafS; =Je' ,an example nr «'0'11'11 ml'llnUrJt'UI ri fig. where the: Cillr' I!!. ~JQiU rac:nlred on (lrderilindauP'rdifli!, h~ llh~ eLI!5:{Q'I!~""r·~ ~~e i fii;!l!~io'n~. CllOl'~'t pro>::fm:non h,~ii, I,h" f~ IH~'I%I: ~)Ii. toe in;ji!: ::)ihle ~Clr worv ide ~'""'1l(,'~ 11)w~:ii<.'1l~ ~lh!l1'

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3.. Wait~flg~. 't:!l:ji;;dl::::.[ i~.il~l ut.e~~e'tT~ct~v~ly$.i:i w.&sre asit il'No't\·eg. costs J rk~ \va,ftf·S of ' I wo~ktts, as w~ll aKal~ 1f1"\ed"arlq '6v~):ht!"f.dtnsts )ib~:eJe~G'tH~ity" heating,. ~tt_" T'¢IiIC ,.
4. T(a IlSPO rU n.g: .f\:1Q-vlng C'()illp~nerltri .a:r1Hl:g<lqd.s. bel \\l_eeJl ;pl~"~c1> rl "'01 ves cost.' SQmefj nws i GtlS',~ may... e Ilit;i(le~ fll$- in the b reiCIu ~d·l0.1,J ~ -8, rijr~d~ rpo ve 91;Hpllt) and <1.1 i to _~ther lim~s.".app-arerH ," . OhO?-:,saI!1 that plants ~htlUld be!sId! QfH if:'! '~Hjch
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I.. iml'em:u.o·'("l.: lW·IQing lhy~:m.QT'}' in ~XC.t~$I~' of \~'~1~1 ls r~l.!-"if'~~ ·0!4ds.Wo the COM· of prod t1clioQ, rt, alse has a b l.d¢en(jA~~t 1n I heseuse t'hi:H.1t ides ptobl~!Tl~ "thw 'V>~QtJ.l d {)l he.rwi SIlo hil\'~e Dee;l1appare FU,

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