Water efficiency

1. Indoors water efficiency

1.1 The use of water saving devices

1.2 Separation of grey water 1.2.1

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water demand calculation The per capita water share is 30L/person. day The total number of students, personnel and staff is x person The number of toilet uses: 2 where in each the water usage is 6L. The estimated daily fresh water demand=30*x= L/day =m3/day

The wastewater flow rate=2/3* fresh water demand=2/3* =m3/day Black water flow rate= 6L/person.time*2times/day*x person= L/day = m3/day

1.2.2

Grey water= wastewater flow rate black water flow rate Grey water treatment methods

Need to look for the techniques used to treat grey water, to re-use for either toilet flushing or irrigation. Search for intermittent sand filter technique.

2. Outdoors water efficiency 2.1 Rainwater harvesting Rooftops, parking lots and open spaces rainwater harvesting. The rational formula is to be used to estimate the harvested rainwater flow rate: link is http://www.lmnoeng.com/Hydrology/rational.htm

1. Drainage areas
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Parking lots and Streets : m2 Roof Tops : m2 Cultivated Land : m2 Bare land : m2

2. Determine the Runoff coefficient(C): i- Parking lots and Streets : 0.9 ii- Roof Tops : 0.9 iii- Cultivated Land : 0.245 iv- Bare land : 0.2

3. i = Rainfall intensity, mm/yr.

Data for Madaba station: 1. 2. 3. Average = mm/yr. Max. = mm/yr. Min. = 201.5 mm/yr.

The Rainy months: November: 30 day. December: 31day. January: 31 day. February: 28 day. March: 31 day. In total we take the rainy season to be 100 days only as not all the days during these months are rainy. 4. Q = Peak discharge: Rational Equation: Q = ciA Where: Q is the flow rate (m3/day). C is the runoff coefficient.=

I is the rainfall intensity (mm/yr). A is the catchment area (m2).

Rainfall intensity (mm/yr) Avg. = Max. = Min. =

Harvested runoff (m3/day) Parking lots Cultivated lands (m2) Rooftops (m2) (m2)

Bare land (m2 )

Rainfall intensity (mm/yr) Avg. = Max. = Min. = *Based on the fact that the number of rainy days is 10.

Harvested runoff (m3/yr)* Parking lots Rooftops Cultivated lands (m2) (m2) (m2)

Bare land (m2 )

2.2 Harvested rainwater treatment If to be used for drinking, it needs treatment. Search for rainwater treatment options. Look for bio-filter or sand filtration. It could be used for irrigation (landscaping) or other uses like toilet flushing.