Safety Systems

Schlumberger 2000 Schlumberger 225 Schlumberger Drive Sugar Land, Texas 77478 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transcribed in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, without prior written permission of the publisher SMP-7086-3 An asterisk (*) is used throughout this document to denote a mark of Schlumberger.

Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Riser Sealing Mandrel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SenTREE 3 Test Tree System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SenTREE 3 components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Valve assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Latch assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retainer valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spanner joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subsea Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disconnect times . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Standard system features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deep-sea hydraulic system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Deep-sea electrohydraulic system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drift-off analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Subsea pressure and temperature carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lubricator Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E-Z Valve Retrievable Well Control Valve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 5 8 8 10 13 15 17 19 20 20 24 26 28 29 31 33

Safety Systems

Contents

iii

Introduction

This third book in the Schlumberger Testing Services set is divided into two sections. The first describes well control equipment for offshore and land testing operations. The second section describes well test design, safety considerations and the features and selection of surface equipment. Regardless of the downhole conditions and well location, Schlumberger equipment and techniques meet the critical need for reliable well control. When drilling operations are conducted from a floating vessel (a semisubmersible or drillship), the stack of subsea pressure-control equipment typically has the following arrangement: s one or two annular blowout preventers (BOPs) at the top of the stack s one or two BOPs equipped with blind/shear rams s two or three BOPs equipped with pipe rams to close on drillpipe or test strings. The riser, which brings the mud back to the surface, is landed on top of the BOP stack with a hydraulic connector that allows disconnection (Fig. 1). The BOPs and the hydraulic connector are controlled hydraulically from the surface through hoses running in bundles outside the riser. During testing, the drillstring running through the BOP stack well is full of oil or gas. If it becomes necessary to cut pipe and pull the drilling vessel off location, the well is held in control only by the blind/shear rams, which may be damaged from cutting the pipe. In this scenario, reentry is impossible because of pressure below these rams. To avoid this set of circumstances, a subsea test tree is inserted into the test string. A subsea test tree system was originally developed to enable well testing operations from an offshore floating rig. The subsea test tree contains valves and a latch that allow fast disconnection of the vessel from the BOP stacks when there is rough weather, dragging or loss of anchor, or failure or malfunction of a dynamic positioning system. The subsea test tree system is the primary safety device and provides fast-acting and reliable means to s isolate the landing string from the test string s prevent discharge of its contents into the riser s disconnect the landing string from the test string. 1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The disconnection sequence is as follows: Close the valves in the subsea test tree. Close the retainer valve and bleed off the pressure between the valves. Unlatch from the subsea tree valve assembly. Pull the subsea tree latch and the string above it clear of the BOP stack. Close the BOP blind rams. Disconnect the riser. The vessel can then move off location, leaving the well under control.

Safety Systems

Introduction

Riser

Retainer valve Hydraulic connector Subsea test tree latch

Blind rams BOP stack Subsea test tree valve assembly

Figure 1. BOP stack with riser connected (left) and disconnected (right).

Riser Sealing Mandrel

Schlumberger developed the riser sealing mandrel (RSM) (Fig. 2 and Table 1) as an additional safety device to meet the requirements of Hazard and Operability (HAZOP) studies during deepwater well testing operations. With the increase in water depth, a gas or hydrocarbon leak in the landing string close to the subsea test tree (i.e., leak from inside tubing to the riser) can develop a high-volume gas kick at the surface. To safely control and divert this volume, the RSM is located at the level of the diverter BOP below the rig floor, and the diverter BOP is closed on it. All the umbilical hoses are well protected, and the seal around them is ensured with specially designed rubber hose sealing elements.

Features
s s

The 9.5-in. OD and the modular design enable using the RSM with most BOP sizes and configurations. The rig-up time is shortened with easy-to-install protective plates and specially designed rig-up tools. The protective capacity (26 hose-sealing elements) allows it to be used with various umbilical hoses: 5 hoses 6 hoses 1 2 in. 1 112 in. 2 114 in. 2 114 in. 2 38 in. 1 1 in. 2 38 in.

Table 1. Riser Sealing Mandrel Specifications

Unit Service OD ID Working pressure Working temperature Make-up length Max tensile load in. [mm] in. [mm] psi [bar] F [C] ft [m] lbf at 0 psi [kN at 0 bar] RSM H2S 9.5 [241] 3.75 [95] 10,000 [690] 20 to 250 [30 to 120] 30 [9.1] 520,000 [2310]

Safety Systems

Riser Sealing Mandrel

Umbilical

Hose-sealing elements

9.5 in.

Protective plates

Section AA (sealing elements are compressed)

Figure 2. Riser sealing mandrel.

SenTREE 3 Test Tree System

Johnston-Schlumberger was the pioneer in subsea systems with the introduction of the E-Z Tree* retrievable well control system in 1975. In the mid-1990s, Schlumberger launched a project to redesign the subsea test tree system to meet the latest industry requirements: s ability to close the shear rams with the latch in place s latest study requirements (HAZOP) for deep-sea operations incorporated s ability to close two BOP pipe rams around the slick joint s ability to close two shear rams. Following a very successful field test period, the SenTREE* 3 system (EZTM) was commercialized at the end of 1997. The SenTREE 3 test tree (Fig. 3) is hydraulically controlled from the surface and consists of a dual fail-safe ball valve and flapper valve and a connector (latch) that is landed in the BOP stack. Its modularity (Fig. 4) enables placement of the slick joint either below the valve assembly or between the latch and valve assembly to match even very short BOP stack configurations. A set of unique features (verified and approved by Det Norske Veritas) makes the SenTREE 3 system the preferred tree for all standard tests and the first choice for deep-sea and highpressure, high-temperature (HPHT) operations.

Features
s

Reduced length and modularity 46-in. standard configuration 16- and 32-in. split configuration HPHT tested and qualified to full pressure and temperature range Ability to unlatch at full tension, with an angle of up to 6 Backup mechanical unlatch (5 turns) Latch fishing profile and dedicated fishing tool Chemical injection below or at valve level

s s s s s

With the standard control section, the SenTREE 3 tree is operated through an umbilical hose that consists of three hydraulic control lines. At the surface, the hose is connected to an airdriven hydraulic power unit (control console). The specially designed deep-sea control systems available are described subsequently in this section. When a chemical injection hose or a four-line umbilical hose is run, the SenTREE 3 system allows injection of chemicals (such as hydrate or corrosion inhibitors) either above or below the ball valve.

Safety Systems

SenTREE 3 Test Tree System

Riser

Spanner joint Annular BOP

Retainer valve Bleed-off valve Shear rams Shear sub Latch assembly Blind rams Valve assembly

Pipe rams

Slick joint Pipe rams

Adjustable fluted hanger

BOP stack

Figure 3. SenTREE 3 standard configuration.

Riser

Spanner joint Annular BOP

Retainer valve Bleed-off valve Shear rams

Shear sub

Shear rams Latch assembly Pipe rams Slick joint Pipe rams

Valve assembly

Adjustable fluted hanger

BOP stack

Figure 4. SenTREE 3 modular split configuration.

Safety Systems

SenTREE 3 Test Tree System

SenTREE 3 components
The SenTREE 3 test tree system includes the following components: s valve assembly (EZTV) s latch assembly (EZTH) s retainer valve (RETV) s spanner joint.

Valve assembly
The SenTREE 3 valve assembly (EZTV) (Fig. 5 and Table 2) consists of two hydraulically operated fail-safe valves. The main valve is a ball type; the second is a flapper valve. This combination has proved to be the most reliable fullbore subsea system. Sequential valve closure ensures that the flapper valve closes only after the ball valve is closed. The delay allows wireline or coiled tubing (CT) to clear the flapper after being cut by the lower ball assembly. The pump-through facility of the valve assembly permits well control if hydraulic control is lost. Positive differential pressure applied from above opens a flow area for well kill operations that is equivalent to a 114-in. line.
Table 2. SenTREE 3 Valve Assembly Specifications
Unit Service Working pressure Design temperature OD ID Test pressure (body only, valves open) Max tensile load at 90% yield and 350F [177C] Injection line working pressure Bottom connection Wireline cutting capability CT cutting capability Max torque Length Weight with centralizer
13-in.

EZTV-DA H2S per NACE MR-01-75

psi [bar] F [C] in. [mm] With centralizer in. [mm] psi [bar] lbf at 0 psi [kN at 0 bar] lbf at 15,000 psi [kN at 1035 bar] psi [bar]

15,000 [1035] 4 to 350 [20 to 177] 13.0 [330] 16.1 [409] 3.0 [76] 22,500 [1550] 520,000 [2310] 255,000 [1130] 15,000 [1035] 5-in. 4 S.A. box Up to 516 in. (no assistance required) [Up to 7.9 mm (no assistance required)] Up to 112 in. 0.156 in. (hydraulic assistance 5000 psi) [Up to 38 mm 3.9 mm (hydraulic assistance 345 bar)]

ft-lbf [Nm] in. [mm] lbm [kg]

7500 [10,200] 32.2 [818] 1124 [510]

OD for the bottom nut only (height 4.1 in.); SenTREE 3 body OD is 12.5 in.

Flapper

Ball piston Ball valve

Figure 5. SenTREE 3 valve assembly.

Safety Systems

SenTREE 3 Test Tree System

Latch assembly
The latch assembly (EZTH) (Fig. 6 and Table 3) is the upper part of the subsea tree and connects the landing string to the valve assembly. If hydraulic control is lost, the latch can be disconnected mechanically. Two shear keys, which break at a known torque value, connect the latch body to the shear sub. Figure 7 shows the combined latch and valve assemblies of the SenTREE 3 test tree system.
Table 3. SenTREE 3 Latch Assembly Specifications
Unit Service Working pressure Design temperature OD ID Test pressure Max tensile load at 90% yield and 350F Top connection Max torque Length Weight with centralizer ft-lbf [Nm] in. [mm] lbm [kg] psi [bar] F [C] in. [mm] With centralizer in. [mm] psi [bar] lbf at 0 psi [kN at 0 bar] lbf at 15,000 psi [kN at 1035 bar] EZTH-DA H2S per NACE MR-01-75 15,000 [1035] 4 to 350 [20 to 177] 12.5 [318] 16.1 [409] 3.0 [76] 22,500 [1550] 520,000 [2310] 255,000 [1130] 5-in. 4 S.A. pin 7500 [10,200] 16.0 [406] 860 [390]

10

Piston

Latch dog

Skirt

Figure 6. SenTREE 3 latch assembly.

Safety Systems

SenTREE 3 Test Tree System

11

Latch assembly

Latch dog

Latch profile

Valve assembly

Figure 7. SenTREE 3 latch and valve assemblies.

12

Retainer valve
The retainer valve (RETV) (Fig. 8 and Table 4) can be run above the SenTREE 3 latch assembly to retain the fluids trapped in the landing string after disconnecting from the SenTREE 3 valve assembly. When disconnecting, the retainer valve prevents the uncontrolled release of hydrocarbons from the landing string into the riser and the sea. When testing wells in deep water or when testing high-pressure gas wells, use of the retainer valve is a safety and environmental requirement. The RETV is controlled hydraulically in sequence with the subsea test tree. An integral bleedoff valve (BOV) vents the trapped pressure between the retainer valve and the test tree to the riser before unlatching. The RETV uses the same ball valve mechanism as the SenTREE 3 system and is capable of cutting 1.5-in. CT. Hydrocarbons in the landing string can be reversed out as the RETV ball valve is pumped away from its seat with greater pressure below the valve. The RETV is a fail-safe valve when closed, but in case of control line failure, the RETV ball valve can be opened by closing the annular BOP on the spanner joint and pressuring up below.

Features
s s s s s s s

Fail-safe closure Ability to cut 1.5-in. 0.15-in. CT with pressure assist Integrated bleed-off valve Pump-through facility with the spanner joint Pressure tests from above Reverse circulation (U-tube) Ports for high-rate injection

Table 4. SenTREE 3 Retainer Valve Specifications

Unit Service Working pressure Design temperature OD ID Test pressure (valves open) Max tensile load at 90% yield and 350F Connection Max torque Overall length including spanner joint Overall weight including spanner joint ft-lbf [Nm] ft [m] with 5-ft spanner ft [m] with10-ft spanner lbm [kg] with 5-ft spanner lbm [kg] with 10-ft spanner psi [bar] F [C] in. [mm] in. [mm] psi [bar] lbf at 0 psi [kN at 0 bar] lbf at 15,000 psi [kN at 1035 bar] RETV-DA H2S per NACE MR-01-75 15,000 [1035] 4 to 350 [20 to 177] 13.0 [330] 3.0 [76] 22,500 [1550] 520,000 [2310] 255,000 [1130] 5-in. 4 S.A. box with lock key 15,000 [20,300] 10.6 [3.2] 15.6 [4.7] 2000 [910] 2400 [1090]

Safety Systems

SenTREE 3 Test Tree System

13

Ball cage

Seal retainer Ball valve Pins Ball spring

Piston

Sequencing valve

BOV Open

BOV Closed

Figure 8. SenTREE 3 retainer valve.

14

Spanner joint
The spanner joint (Fig. 9 and Table 5) sits on top of the retainer valve and allows closing the annular BOP. This safety feature was introduced in 1997. The spanner joint was developed to fulfill the following functions: s enable closure of the annular BOP on the landing string to pressurize the annulus to open the ball valve if hydraulic controls are lost s enable, through the hydraulic block manifold, the operating sequence of the SenTREE 3 system and the RETV valves s protect the control hoses when closing the BOP.
Table 5. Spanner Joint Specifications
Unit Service Working pressure Design temperature OD ID Test pressure Max tensile load at 90% yield and 350F Connection Max torque Sealing length ft-lbf [Nm] ft [m] psi [bar] F [C] in. [mm] in. [mm] psi [bar] lbf at 0 psi [kN at 0 bar] lbf at 15,000 psi [kN at 1035 bar] Spanner Joint H2S per NACE MR-01-75 15,000 [1035] 4 to 350F [20 to 177] 10.75 [273] 3.0 [76] 22,500 [1550] 520,000 [2310] 255,000 [1130] 5-in. 4 S.A. box with lock key 15,000 [20,300] 5 or 10 [1.5 or 3.0]

Safety Systems

SenTREE 3 Test Tree System

15

Hydraulic sequencing manifold

Skirt

Hydraulic hose

Centralizer

Retainer valve

Figure 9. Spanner joint.

16

Accessories
Figure 10 shows the SenTREE 3 components in both a short configuration and a standard configuration. The spanner joints, retainer valve and shear sub extensions are required in both configurations.

Riser sealing mandrel

Spanner joints RETV-DA Retainer valve

Shear sub extensions

Super short configuration

Crossover

Standard configuration High-strength shear sub

Standard shear sub

EZSJ-DA Slick joint 16-in. configuration with ported lines

EZSJ-FA Integral slick joint 46-in. configuration with ported line

EZH-IA Integral bottom sub/hanger with ported lines

EZSJ-GA Slick joint with ported line

EZSJ-HA Slick joint nonported EZH-DB Hanger nonported

EZHR-A Slim 2.5-in. ID nonported line

EZHP-DA Hanger ported line

Figure 10. SenTREE 3 accessories.

Safety Systems

SenTREE 3 Test Tree System

17

Subsea Control Systems

The type of subsea control system used to operate the subsea test tree depends on the water depth. Schlumberger has developed three systems (Fig. 11) to accommodate different depths and optimize the disconnect time of the latch assembly: s standard system for depths to 1500 ft [457 m] s deep-sea hydraulic system for depths from 1500 to 4500 ft [457 to 1372 m] s electrohydraulic system for depths from 4,500 to 10,000 ft [1372 to 3048 m].

Standard System Console Reel

Deep-Sea Hydraulic System Console Reel Accumulator

Deep-Sea Electrohydraulic System Reel HPU EPU

1500 ft

SenTREE 3 system + RETV

Hydraulic pod SenTREE 3 system + RETV

4500 ft Surface accumulator can be used to decrease disconnect time

Electrohydraulic pod 10,000 ft SenTREE 3 system + RETV

Use only with moored vessel

Always use with dynamically positioned vessels Figure 11. SenTREE 3 control systems.

Safety Systems

Subsea Control Systems

19

Disconnect times
The disconnect time for any hydraulic system depends on the landing string configuration, on whether a retainer valve is used and on the umbilical hose length. The downhole hydraulic pod system with surface accumulator was tested and qualified both onshore and offshore. Using the SenTREE 3 system and RETV, the complete cycle (close, bleedoff and disconnect) times are 41 s at 4400 ft [1341 m] and 52 s at 7400 ft [2255 m]. The electrohydraulic pod with 8500 ft [2591 m] of umbilical hose was also tested and qualified both onshore and offshore. Using the SenTREE 3 system and RETV, the complete cycle (close, bleed-off and disconnect) time is 10 s at water depths to 8500 ft.

Standard system features

The standard system (Fig. 12 and Table 6) intended for SenTREE 3 operation in shallow water depths to 1500 ft comprises s console s reeler s hose bundle, 4500-ft long. A hydraulic logic diagram for the standard control system used with the SenTREE 3 system is shown in Fig. 13. A diagram for use with the SenTREE 3 system and retainer valve is shown in Fig. 14.
Table 6. Standard Control System Reeler and Console Specifications
Unit Reeler motion Reeler capacity three-hose bundle Footprint Height Weight ft [m] ft [m] ft [m] lbm [kg] Reeler Air driven 4500 [1370] 10.5 6.9 [3.2 2.1] 6.6 [2.0] 5500 [2500] 2.9 2.0 [0.9 0.6] 3.8 [1.2] 660 [300] Console

20

Console

Reel

Spanner joint

Retainer

SenTREE 3 system

1500 ft

Figure 12. SenTREE 3 system with standard control system.

Safety Systems

Subsea Control Systems

21

CI

A B

Unlatch Latch

Latch

Unlatch

Latch connector

Flapper valve Open Close Chemical injection Close Open

Ball valve Open Close Close Open

Figure 13. Hydraulic logic diagram for standard control system used with SenTREE 3 system.

22

CI A B C HF CI

Vent to annulus Spanner joint

Open Close

Retainer valve Close Open Chemical injection BOV

Open Close Sequence valve

Close

Open

Unlatch Latch

Latch connector Latch Unlatch

Flapper valve Open Close Chemical injection Close Open

Ball valve Open Close Close Open

Figure 14. Hydraulic logic diagram for standard control system used with SenTREE 3 system with retainer valve.

Safety Systems

Subsea Control Systems

23

Deep-sea hydraulic system

The deep-sea hydraulic system (Fig. 15 and Table 7) is for operation of the SenTREE 3 system in medium water depths, between 1500 and 4500 ft. The system comprises s deep-sea console s accumulator surface unit s reeler s hose bundle, 4500 ft long s hydraulic control pod.
Table 7. Deep-Sea Hydraulic System Component Specifications
Unit Service OD ID Mandrel working pressure Mandrel test pressure Max tensile load Max torque Connection in. [mm] in. [mm] psi [bar] psi [bar] lbf at 0 psi [kN at 0 bar] lbf at 15,000 psi [kN at 1035 bar] ft-lbf [Nm] Pod H2S 13.0 [330] 3.0 [76] 15,000 [1035] 22,500 [1550] 520,000 [2310] 255,000 [1130] 7500 [10,200] 5 in. 4 S.A. box up pin down Accumulator Surface Unit Working pressure Capacity Nitrogen pressure Footprint Height Weight psi [bar] gal [L] psi [bar] ft [m] ft [m] lbm [kg] 5000 [345] 2 13 [2 50] 2600 [180] 8.2 2.0 [2.5 0.6] 2.2 [0.7] 1430 [650] Reeler Reeler motion Reeler capacity three-hose bundle ft [m] Air driven 6000 [1830]

24

Reel Accumulator surface unit

Console

Hydraulic pod

Spanner joint

Retainer

SenTREE 3 system

4500 ft

Figure 15. SenTREE 3 system with deep-sea hydraulic control system.

Safety Systems

Subsea Control Systems

25

Deep-sea electrohydraulic system

The deep-sea electrohydraulic control system (Fig. 16 and Table 8) is for remote control of the SenTREE 3 system in water depths to 10,000 ft. The system is designed for a closure and unlatching time of 10 s at any water depth. A single umbilical hose is used for all functions, including two surface readout lines for the pressure and temperature monitoring sub. The system comprises s surface control unit s umbilical hose and air-driven reeler s deep-sea pod (hydraulic accumulators and solenoid valves).
Table 8. Deep-Sea Electrohydraulic System Component Specifications
Unit Service OD ID Mandrel working pressure Mandrel test pressure Max tensile load Max torque Length Weight Connection in. [mm] in. [mm] psi [bar] psi [bar] lbf at 0 psi [kN at 0 bar] lbf at 15,000 psi [kN at 1035 bar] ft-lbf [Nm] ft [m] lbm [kg] Pod H2S 14.5 [368] 3.0 [76] 15,000 [1035] 22,500 [1550] 520,000 [2310] 255,000 [1130] 7500 [10,200] 22.4 [6.8] 4635 [2100] 5-in. 4 S.A. box up pin down Reeler and Surface Control Unit Reeler motion Reeler capacity three-hose bundle Footprint Height Weight lbm [kg] ft [m] ft [m] ft [m] 25,000 [11,340] Air driven 10,000 [3050] 13.5 8.5 [4.1 2.6] 8.9 [2.7]

26

Reel Surface control unit

Electrohydraulic pod and accumulator

T and P surface readout

Spanner joint

Retainer

SenTREE 3 system

10,000 ft

Figure 16. SenTREE 3 system with deep-sea electrohydraulic control system.

Safety Systems

Subsea Control Systems

27

Drift-off analysis
Drift-off analysis defines the disconnect philosophy and establishes the times required for disconnection of stack components in the subsea test tree. As an example, consider a drift-off analysis for North Sea conditions, where a complete disconnect is required in 37 s or less, including pull-off from the BOP stack. This leaves 20 s for the complete sequence. Of the three control systems, only the electrohydraulic system is capable of making these disconnect times. In the analysis in Fig. 17, the subsea test tree must close, disconnect and clear the riser connector before the emergency disconnect sequence (ESD) procedure can begin.
Storm environment: 1-knot current, 55-knot wind

9 8 7 6 Vessel offset 5 (% water depth) 4 3 2 1 0 0 Drilling Testing

Start emergency disconnect Riser disconnect 37-s SenTREE disconnect 20 40 60 80 25-s disconnect 100

Elapsed time (s) Figure 17. Deep-sea drift-off analysis example.

28

Subsea pressure and temperature carrier

The subsea pressure and temperature carrier (EZGC) (Fig. 18 and Table 9) is used to monitor pressure and temperature at the subsea tree level. The well effluent pressure and temperature are recorded in surface readout or recorder mode. This sub is recommended for use in HPHT tests, particularly to measure temperature at the BOP level and to ensure that the maximum temperature rating of the BOP elastomers is not exceeded. The other application is for hydrates control, especially during deep-sea operations. Two UNIGAGE* H-Sapphire* pressure gauges are included with the tool. One gauge should have a high-resolution thermometer for direct effluent temperature measurement.
Table 9. Subsea Pressure and Temperature Carrier Specifications
Unit Service OD ID Working pressure Working temperature Make-up length Weight Max tensile load Max torque Connection in. [mm] in. [mm] psi [bar] F [C] ft [m] lbm [kg] lbf at 0 psi [kN at 0 bar] lbf at 15,000 psi [kN at 1035 bar] ft-lbf [Nm] EZGC-A H2S 7.9 [200] 3.0 [76] 15,000 [1035] 375 [190] 10.6 [3.2] 1320 [600] 520,000 [2310] 255,000 [1130] 7500 [10,200] 5-in. 4 S.A. box pin with lock key

Safety Systems

Subsea Control Systems

29

Jumper cable

SRO module

UNIGAGE H-Sapphire

Direct temperature reading

Figure 18. Subsea pressure and temperature carrier.

30

Lubricator Valve

During offshore testing where slickline, wireline or CT operations are performed, it may be advantageous to use a valve that limits lubricator height above the flowhead. The lubricator valve (LUBV), usually located about 90 ft below the flowhead, enables the upper part of the string to be used as a lubricator. The LUBV is a balanced system and remains in the position in which it was last placed (open or closed) (Fig. 19). If the valve is closed, however, application of 1800-psi differential pressure from above allows pump-through to kill the well. The LUBV can be pressure tested from above (with hydraulic pressure maintained in the closed line); the valve contains an equalizing device to remove any differential prior to opening. The LUBV can be used alone or as a backup for a conventional lubricator system. It is a surfaceoperated hydraulic valve that is run on tubing or drillpipe during testing operations (Table 10). It is normally run in conjunction with the SenTREE 3 system and its retainer valve or with an E-Z Valve* device. The LUBV can be actuated as many times as required for wireline operations. Conversely, the SenTREE 3 or E-Z Valve products are safety devices and should be actuated only in emergencies.
Table 10. Lubricator Valve Specifications
Unit Service Working pressure Working temperature Fail-safe Pump-through differential Max tensile load Shearing wireline capability Shearing CT capability Connection (box/box) Length OD ID Weight ft [m] in. [mm] in. [mm] lbm [kg] psi [bar] lbf at 0 psi [kN at 0 bar] lbf at 15,000 psi [kN at 1035 bar] psi [bar] F [C] LUBV-CC H2S 15,000 [1035] 4 to 350 [20 to 175] Closed 1800 [125] 520,000 [2310] 255,000 [1130] Up to 1532-in. [11.9 mm] 114-in. 1532 in. wall [32-mm 11.9-mm wall] 5-in. 4 S.A. 5.0 [1.5] 8.25 [210] 3.0 [76] 700 [320] 5-in. 4 S.A. 5.0 [1.5] 8.25 [210] 3.0 [76] 700 [320] LUBV-CCB H2S 10,000 [690] 4 to 350 [20 to 175] Closed 1800 [125] 520,000 [2310] 255,000 [1130]

Safety Systems

Lubricator Valve

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Double check valve

Hydraulic fluid

Ball valve

Injection point

Bottom plug Valve Open Figure 19. Lubricator valve. Valve Closed Injection Line

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E-Z Valve Retrievable Well Control Valve

The E-Z Valve (EZV) retrievable well control safety device is designed for installation in the BOP stack of a jackup or land rig during well testing when there is no unlatch facility (Table 11). The pipe rams close around a slick joint above the valve, protecting the annulus, while the E-Z Valve ball closes to secure the well at BOP level. The E-Z Valve device is normally closed by a spring and nitrogen pressure and is opened by hydraulic pressure applied from a console on the rig floor (Fig. 20). The valve is designed primarily to hold pressure from below, but it can be pressure tested from above to 5000 psi with normal hose and console or to 7500 psi with a high-pressure set. A hydrate inhibitor such as glycol or methanol can be injected below the valve. E-Z Valve closure can also be assisted by hydraulic pressure, enabling the ball to cut wireline or 114-in. CT in an emergency. Standard and two optional installations are shown in Fig. 21.
Table 11. E-Z Valve Specifications
Unit Service Working pressure Working temperature Fail-safe Shearing wireline capability Shearing CT capability Pump-through differential N2 precharge Connection (box/box) Body length Valve only length Slick joint length E-Z Valve system length OD ID Slick joint and valve weight Adjustable hanger kit weight ft [m] ft [m] ft [m] ft [m] in. [mm] in. [mm] lbm [kg] lbm [kg] psi [bar] psi [bar] psi [bar] F [C] EZV-CC H2S 15,000 [1035] 4 to 350 [20 to 175] Closed Up to 1532 in. [11.9 mm] Up to 114 in. [32 mm] 1800 [125] 1200 [83] 5-in. 4 S.A. 3.8 [1.1] 5.0 [1.5] 5.7 [1.7] 16. [5.1] 8.25 [210] 3.0 [76] 1230 [560] 1500 [680]

Safety Systems

E-Z Valve Retrievable Well Control Valve

33

Slick joint

Double check valve

Hydraulic fluid Nitrogen and spring

Ball valve Injection point

Bottom plug Valve Open Figure 20. E-Z Valve operation. Valve Closed Valve Closed with Assistance Injection Line

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E-Z Valve Slick joint E-Z Valve

E-Z Valve

Standard Installation Figure 21. E-Z Valve installation options.

Option 1

Option 2 (only from 9 5/8-in. casing)

Safety Systems

E-Z Valve Retrievable Well Control Valve

35