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BCTNLVTNTLVN
BCTNLVTNTLVN
ti: nh
MC LC
MC LC........................................................................................................................................1
PHN 1.............................................................................................................................................1
T VN .................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Tnh cp thit ca ti ...........................................................................................................1
1.2 Mc tiu nghin cu..................................................................................................................2
1.3 i tng nghin cu................................................................................................................2
1.4 Phm vi nghin cu...................................................................................................................2
PHN 2.............................................................................................................................................3
CC KHI NIM, L THUYT C BN V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU....................3
2.1 Cc khi nim v l thuyt c bn............................................................................................3
2.1.1 Khi nim v i, ngho........................................................................................................3
2.1.2 Chun ngho i c xc nh da vo cc cn c sau......................................................4
2.3 Phng php nghin cu...........................................................................................................4
2.3.1 Phng php iu tra chn mu.............................................................................................4
2.3.2 Phng php chn h iu tra................................................................................................5
2.3.3 Phng php thu thp s liu.................................................................................................5
2.3.4 Phng php tng hp v x l s liu.................................................................................5
2.3.5 Phng php x l s liu......................................................................................................5
2.4 H thng cc ch tiu nghin cu..............................................................................................5
PHN 3.............................................................................................................................................6
C IM A BN V KT QU NGHIN CU................................................................7
3.1 c im a bn.......................................................................................................................7
3.1.1 iu kin t nhin..................................................................................................................7
3.1.1.1 V tr a l...........................................................................................................................7
3.1.1.2 iu kin kh hu................................................................................................................7
3.1.1.3 a hnh...............................................................................................................................8
3.1.2 Cc ngun ti nguyn.............................................................................................................8
3.1.2.1 Ngun nc, thu vn.........................................................................................................8
3.1.2.2 Ti nguyn t.....................................................................................................................8
3.1.2.3 Ti nguyn rng...................................................................................................................9
3.1.3 iu kin kinh t - x hi.......................................................................................................9
3.1.3.1 Tnh hnh dn s, dn tc v tn gio.................................................................................9
3.1.3.2 Tnh hnh phn b v s dng t trn a bn.................................................................10
3.1.3.3 Thc trng pht trin kinh t, x hi.................................................................................11
3.1.3.4 C s h tng.....................................................................................................................13
3.2 Kt qu nghin cu..................................................................................................................13
3.2.1 Thc trng h ngho ti x...................................................................................................14
3.2.1.1 Thc trng h ngho theo thnh phn dn tc..................................................................14
3.2.2 Cc iu kin cn bn ca h ngho....................................................................................17
3.2.2.1 Ngun lc sn xut............................................................................................................17
3.2.2.2 Tnh hnh v nhn khu v lao ng ................................................................................18
3.2.2.3 Phng tin sinh hot ca nng h...................................................................................19
3.2.3 Nguyn nhn dn n ngho, i.........................................................................................20
3.2.3.1 Trnh hc vn................................................................................................................20
1
PHN 1
T VN
1.1 Tnh cp thit ca ti
Ngho i l mt vn mang tnh cht ton cu lun tn ti trong x hi. Ngho
i lm cho nn kinh t chm pht trin, gii quyt vn ngho i l ng lc pht
trin kinh t - x hi. Ngay c nhng nc pht trin cao cng c tnh trng ngho i.
Theo ngn hng th gii n nm 2011vn cn 1.1 t ngi ngho, i chim 21% dn
s th gii. l mt thch thc ln cho s pht trin ca ton th gii
Vit Nam l mt trong nhng nc ngho trn th gii, vi gn 70% dn c sng
khu vc nng thn, lc lng lao ng lm nng nghip l rt ln. Do s pht trin
chm ca lc lng sn xut, s lc hu v kinh t v trnh phn cng lao ng x hi
km, dn ti nng sut lao ng x hi v mc tng trng x hi thp.
Tnh hnh ngho i Vit Nam din ra rt ph bin v phc tp c bit khu vc
min ni v nng thn chim t l rt cao, c s chnh lch giu ngho rt ln gia
thnh th v nng thn. Ngho i lm cho trnh dn tr khng th nng cao, i sng
x hi khng th pht trin c.
Chnh v vy trong qu trnh xy dng v i mi ng v nh nc ta lun t
mc tiu xa i gim ngho ln hng u gp phn em li hiu qu thit thc cho
ngi ngho, n nh thu nhp, nng cao i sng v to mi iu kin p ng y
nhu cu v nguyn vng ca ngi ngho a t nc tin vo k nguyn mi nhm
hng n mc tiu dn giu, nc mnh, x hi cng bng, dn ch, vn minh.
X Ho Sn, huyn Krng Bng, tnh k Lk l mt x phn ng dn s sng
bng ngh nng nghip, thu nhp ch yu da vo nng nghip, iu kin sn xut kh
khn nn nh hng rt ln n sn xut v i sng ca nhn dn. T l h ngho cn
cao nn cng tc xa i gim ngho ti x lun l vn cp thit v nan gii, t nhng
kh khn v nhu cu bc thit ca ngi dn, nhm tng cng cng tc xa i gim
ngho v i sng ca ngi dn trn a bn nn ti chn ti. nh gi tnh hnh
PHN 2
CC KHI NIM, L THUYT C BN V PHNG PHP
NGHIN CU
2.1 Cc khi nim v l thuyt c bn
2.1.1 Khi nim v i, ngho
Quan nim v ngho i hay nhn dng ngho i ca tng quc gia hay tng
vng, tng nhm dn c nhn chung khng c s khc bit ng k, tiu ch chung nht
xc nh i ngho vn l mc thu nhp hay mc chi tiu tha mn nhng nhu cu
c bn ca con ngi v n, , mc, y t, gio dc, vn ha, i li v giao tip x hi.
Ngho l tnh trng mt b phn dn c ch c nhng iu kin tho mn nhng
nhu cu ti thiu v c bn nht trong cuc sng v c mc sng thp hn mc sng ca
cng ng xt trn mi phng din.
Mt cch hiu khc: Ngho l mt b phn dn c c mc sng di ngng quy
nh ca s ngho. Nhng ngng ngho cn ph thuc vo c im c th ca tng
a phng, tng thi k c th hay tng giai on pht trin kinh t x hi c th ca
tng a phng hay tng quc gia.
Ngn hng pht trin Chu (ADB) a ra:
+ Ngho tuyt i l vic khng tha mn nhu cu ti thiu nhm duy tr
cuc sng ca con ngi.
+ Ngho tng i l tnh trng khng t ti mc sng ti thiu ti mt thi
im no .
Khi nim v h i: H i l mt b phn dn c c mc sng di mc ti
thiu khng m bo nhu cu v vt cht duy tr cuc sng hay ni cch khc l
mt b phn dn c hng nm thiu n, t ba, thng xuyn phi vay n v thiu kh
nng tr n.
Khi nim v h ngho: H ngho l tnh trng ca mt s h gia nh ch tho
mn mt phn nhu cu ti thiu ca cuc sng v c mc sng thp hn mc sng trung
bnh ca cng ng xt trn mi phng din.
Nng thn
400 000
401 000 520 000
Thnh th
500 000
501 000 650 000
PHN 3
C IM A BN V KT QU NGHIN CU
3.1 c im a bn
3.1.1 iu kin t nhin
3.1.1.1 V tr a l
X Ha Sn nm trn tnh l 12 v thuc Huyn Krng Bng cch trung tm
Huyn Krng Bng khong 4 km v pha ng.
- Pha ng: gip th trn Krng Kmar.
- Pha Ty: gip x Ea Trul.
- Pha Nam: gip dy ni C Yang Sin
- Pha Bc: gip x Khu Ngc in, X Ha Tn.
Tng din tch ton x l 5.369 ha (s liu kim k t ai nm 2010).
3.1.1.2 iu kin kh hu
X Ha Sn c c im kh hu nhit i gi ma, nhng do s nng ln ca a
hnh cao trung bnh t 245 - 260 mt (so vi mt nc bin) nn c c im rt
c trng ca ch kh hu nhit i gi ma cao nguyn. V c im kh hu thu vn
khu vc ny c mt s khc bit so vi khu vc khc nh sau:
* Nhit :
-Nhit trung bnh trong nm 25,70 C
-Nhit cao nht trung bnh nm 28,70 C
-Nhit thp nht trung bnh nm 22,30 C
-Nhit cao nht tuyt i 38,50 C
-Nhit thp nht tuyt i 12,60 C
* m:
m khng kh tng i x Ha Sn ni ring, vng cao nguyn ni chung
bnh qun nm khong 81%. m tng i trung bnh c gi tr s ln nht vo thng
9 khong ( 92%) v thp nht vo cc thng 2, 3, 4 khong (70% - 79%) bin trnh m
ca khng kh ph hp vi bin trnh ma y v ngc li vi bin trnh ca nhit
trung bnh nm m thp nht 25% thng ma kh v di 41% trong cc thng ma
ma...
7
3.1.1.3 a hnh
X c a hnh b chia ct thnh hai vng tng i r rt, pha Nam l vng ni
cao, pha Bc l vng trng tng i thp, cao trung bnh 650-690m. t ai kh
bng phng khu vc trung tm, Pha ng Nam ca X l dy ni Ch Yang Sin
chim 51,54 % din tch t nhin. Khu vc c a hnh thp hi c ln sng, phn b
pha Ty Bc. cao trung bnh 450 - 470m, chim 48,46% din tch t nhin. Nhn
chung, a hnh thun li cho vic pht trin kinh t nng - lm nghip. Rt thch hp
cho cc loi cy La v cng nghip di ngy pht trin: cy iu, c ph .v.v...
3.1.2 Cc ngun ti nguyn
3.1.2.1 Ngun nc, thu vn
H thng sng sui, chy trn a bn x phn b tng i ng u, mt sng
sui l 0,35-0,55 km/km. C sng chnh (sng Krng Ana) l ranh gii t nhin pha
Bc gia Ha Sn v x Ha Tn, chy theo hng ng Nam - Ty Bc. Lu lng
nc ca cc sui u chu nh hng theo ma.
- Ma ma: 450 - 500 m/s, nc ln, dng nhanh, dng chy mnh.
- Ma kh: 2,7 m/s, lu lng rt nhanh, lng nc gim ng k, mt s cc
sui nh hu nh cn kit nc.
3.1.2.2 Ti nguyn t
Trn a bn x c nhng nhm t chnh vi din tch v t l tng loi t nh
sau:
* Nhm t ph sa: Din tch 1.465 ha, chim t l 27,29% din tch t nhin ton
x, phn b tp trung khu vc thung lng ven sng thuc pha Bc ca x. t c
bi p hng nm do b ngp lt nn kh ph nhiu. Hin nay t ph sa ang c s
dng vo trng la hai v v hoa mu, cy cng nghip ngn ngy.
* Nhm t xm ry: Din tch 1.215,5 ha, chim t l 22,56%. Phn b khu vc
pha ng Bc ca X. Hin nay ang c khai thc trng c ph, tiu, iu, sn...
* Nhm t vng trn t phin st: chim 14,17%, phn b khu vc pha Ty
ca x.
* Nhm t vng nht trn granit (Fa,Ha) chim 18,52%, phn b tp trung
khu vc gia x v pha ng. t c tng dy nh hn 30cm, thnh phn c gii t tht
nng n st, kh nng gi m km, c ln.
* Nhm t khc: Bao gm cc loi t ly tht v t dc t, phn b di cc
khe sui hp thy. Loi t ny c ph kh cao, giu mn, kh nng gi m rt tt,
tuy nhin ch chim t l 17,46%.
3.1.2.3 Ti nguyn rng
Tng din tch t lm nghip c rng: 2.790ha.
Trong :
- t rng sn xut:
1.598 ha
233 ha
Stt
Thn, Bun
Thn 1
Thn 2
Thn 3
Thn 4
Thn 5
Thn 6
Thn 7
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Nm 2008
Nm 2009
Nm 2010
S h S khu S h S khu s h S khu
164
794
168
782
178
816
Thn 8
Thn 9
Thn 10
Bun Ya
Thn Thanh Ph
1436
1102
701
411
737
844
996
592
1235
661
121
138
135
75
158
163
192
121
149
124
630
711
709
386
711
821
857
613
674
687
121
140
141
76
168
174
205
134
161
131
622
703
720
407
791
824
894
613
721
725
Cha thnh lp
134
681
142
732
13
Thn Tn Sn
Cha thnh lp
40
166
43
181
14
Thn Qung ng
Cha thnh lp
109
573
115
550
15
Thn Ha Xun
Cha thnh lp
1856 9.509
113
565
115
568
1.940
9.566
2044
9867
Tng cng
271
215
133
75
146
169
185
121
260
117
(Ngun: Bo co UBND x)
3.1.3.2 Tnh hnh phn b v s dng t trn a bn
Cn c vo kt qu iu tra trn a bn x cng nh k hoch s dng t n
2010, tnh hnh phn b v s dng t nh sau:
Tng din tch t nng nghip l 4.581,69 ha chim 85,04% tng din tch t nhin.
t phi nng nghip l 303,02 ha chim 5,62%, t cha s dng l 503,29 chim 9,34%.
10
T l (%)
5388,00
100
4581,69
2179,02
1717,98
461,04
2376,96
25,71
303,02
72,67
185,89
30,76
503,29
85,04
40,44
31,89
8,56
44,12
0,48
5,62
1,35
3,45
0,57
9,34
(Ngun: Bo co UBND x)
3.1.3.3 Thc trng pht trin kinh t, x hi
Trong nhng nm qua mc d gp nhiu kh khn nhng x Ha Sn bit vn
dng nhng li th sn c ca x a tc pht trin kinh t lin tc c gia tng,
i sng ca nhn dn ngy cng c ci thin, an ninh chnh tr c gi vng. Bn
cnh c s ch o ca cc cp v s n lc ca nhn dn a phng, cn b v
nhn dn trong x thu c mt s kt qu trn cc lnh vc kinh t, x hi nh sau:
Nng lm nghip: Vi din tch t canh tc l 2.179,02 ha, ngnh ngh ch yu
ca b con trong x l sn xut nng nghip trng cy nng sn nh, la nc, ng, c
ph, tiu, iuTrng trt vn l ngnh chim t trng cao trong tng gi tr sn xut
nng nghip ca x.
Bng 3.3 Gi tr cc ngnh sn xut
n v: 1.000.000.000
Ngnh
Nng lm nghip
Tiu th cng nghip
Thng mi dch v
Nm 2010
58.08
10.72
20.06
T l (%)
65.36
12.06
22.57
cho gi tr sn xut nhiu nht chim t trng ln trong c cu. Tiu th cng nghip cha
c pht trin, t trng ca ngnh chim t l rt thp. Trng trt cho n nay vn l ngnh
sn xut chnh trong nn kinh t ca x
Cy hng nm: C th ni nhm cy ny l th mnh ca a phng, lun chim
t l cao trong tng din tch gieo trng (>60%).
Cy la: Trn a bn x phn din tch gieo trng la ch yu l cy la nc, ch
yu l la v Ma cn v ng Xun l khng ng k (c v mt din tch v sn
lng)
Cy ng: L yu t c bn trong vic tng sn lng lng thc hng nm ca x.
Hu ht din tch l ng lai c u t pht trin c hai v hoc mt v trng ng, mt
v trng u.
Cc loi cy nh khoai, u xanh v rau xanh trong c cu cy trng ca nhm cy
hng nm th nm 2009 khoai tng 25%, u xanh tng 7,14% v rau xanh l 12,94%.
Nm 2008 khoai gim 20%, u xanh 12,5%, rau xanh 10.53%. Cc loi cy nh la,
sn din tch khng thay i qua ba nm.
Cy cng nghip ngn ngy nh lc, ma, din tch trng c: Trong nm 2008 c
tng ln nhng sang nm 2009 gim xung. Do t trng mu b thu hp dn,
chuyn mc ch s dng t, quan trng hn l cc loi cy trng ny khng mang li
hiu qu kinh t cao bng cc nhm cy khc do t ai t ph hp cho vic trng mu.
Cy lu nm: Nhn chung cy c ph c tng ln trong nm 2008, 2009 khong
54%, cy iu gim din tch xung chuyn i mc ch s dng nm 2009 gim
55,59%.
Bng 3.4 C cu cy trng trn a bn x
VT: ha
Ch tiu
1. Cy lng thc
La nc ng xun
La nc v ma
Nm
Nm
Nm
2007
1620
2008
1651
2009
1652
228
228
229
0.00
0.44
410
419
419
2.20
0.00
12
2008/2007
SL
%
31
1.19
2009/2008
SL
%
1
0.06
Ng
Khoai lang
Sn
2. Cy thc phm
u xanh
u cc loi
Rau xanh
3. Cy CN ngn ngy
Lc
Ma
C chn nui gia sc
4. Cy CN lu nm
C ph
iu
Tiu
490
90
402
184
29
111
44
143
27
60
56
86
23
59
4
515
81
408
184
29
111
44
150
27
60
63
141
78
59
4
502
66
436
223
29
151
43
85
27
12
46
134
104
26
4
25
-9
6
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
7
55
55
0
0
5.10
-10.0
1.49
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
4.90
0.00
0.00
12.50
63.95
239.13
0.00
0.00
-13
-15
28
39
0
40
-1
-65
0
-48
-17
-7
26
-33
0
-2.52
-18.52
6.86
21.20
0.00
36.04
-2.27
-43.33
0.00
-80.00
-26.98
-4.96
33.33
-55.59
0.00
(Ngun: Bo co UBND x)
3.1.3.4 C s h tng
* H thng giao thng: ng tnh l 12 i qua a bn x di 9 km, c ri nha
nn thun tin cho vic vn chuyn, giao thng hng ha trong v ngoi x. Tuy nhin,
phn ln cc tuyn giao thng trong khu dn c, giao thng ni ng l ng t hp,
gp kh khn cho vic i li vn chuyn nng sn, hng ha nht l vo ma ma.
H thng thy li: Nm 2009 X Ha Sn c nh nc u t ang thi cng
b tng ha tuyn knh N1, gp phn rt ln gip ngi dn trn a bn X Ha Sn
ni ring v c Huyn Krng Bng ni chung cung cp c lng nc cho ng
rung vo ma kh v thot nc nhanh chng khi ma l trn v.
Theo Bo co tng kt UBND X Ha Sn nm 2008, din tch c ti theo k
hoch nm 2008 l 2.166 ha, n nm 2009 din tch c ti 2.170ha.
3.2 Kt qu nghin cu
Cn c Quyt nh s 09/2011/Q-TTg v chun h ngho, h cn ngho p dng
cho giai on 2011-2015. Quyt nh c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 1/1/2011.
Thng qua iu tra 135 h ti bn Thn, Bun ta c s liu sau:
Bng 3.5 Phn loi h
13
Ch tiu
Tng s h
T l
VT
H
%
Kh
95
70.37
Cn Ngho
8
5.93
Ngho
32
23.7
Tng
135
100
Nm 2008
S h
T l (%)
312
81.68
31
8.12
39
10.21
382
100
1907
Nm 2009
S h
T l (%)
275
79.94
33
9.59
36
10.47
344
100
1990
20.03
17.28
Nm 2010
S h
T l (%)
506
80.96
65
10.40
54
8.64
625
100
2033
30.74
14
15
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Thn, Bun
Ton x
Thn 1
Thn 2
Thn 3
Thn 4
Thn 5
Thn 6
Thn 7
Thn 8
Thn 9
Thn 10
Thn Thanh Ph
Thn Qung ng
Thn Tn Sn
Ho Xun
Bun Ya
T l h ngho
T l h ngho
2009 (%)
2010(%)
17.28
11.6
13
18.7
16.9
19.4
23.6
14.6
9.9
16.5
17.6
17.8
14.2
32.5
29.3
25.9
30.74
25.27
34.37
38.73
28.57
30.76
38.21
15.9
18.04
22.83
24.51
35.41
38.53
60.46
31.62
52.3
(Ngun: U ban nhn dn x )
n v
My gt p
Ci
Cng nng
My bm nc
Chic
Ci
My xay xt
Ci
Khc
Tng
Ci
H ngho
SL
BQ/h
0
0
4
0.13
2
0.06
0
1
7
0
0.03
0.22
Cn ngho
SL
BQ/h
0
0
3
0.38
1
0.13
0
0
4
0
0
0.51
Kh
SL
BQ/h
10
0.11
34
0.36
8
0.08
4
5
61
0.04
0.05
0.64
17
Nhm h
S h
Kh
Cn Ngho
Ngho
S khu
BQ
khu/H
Lao ng
Lao
T l ph
ng/H
thuc
32
427
4.49
289
3.04
32.32
43
5.38
26
3.25
39.53
95
156
4.88
98
3.06
37.18
18
n v
chic
chic
ci
ci
ci
ci
H ngho
S.lng BQ/h
23
0.72
10
0.31
24
0.75
1
0.03
4
0.13
62
1.94
H cn ngho
S.lng
BQ/h
7
0.88
5
0.63
9
1.13
2
0.25
1
0.13
24
3.00
H kh
S.lng
BQ/h
111
1.17
44
0.46
92
0.97
32
0.34
96
1.01
375
3.95
19
Khng bit
ch
cp I
Cp II
20
Cp III
Trung cp,
C-H
Kh
CN
Ngho
Tng
SL T l
SL
T l
SL
T l
SL
T l
SL
T l
14
7
28
49
51
7
45
103
49,51
6,80
43,69
100
19
1
13
33
57,58
3,03
39,39
100
84
8
20
112
75
7,14
17,85
100
51
5
5
61
83,61
8,20
8,20
100
28,6
14,3
57,1
100
Ch tiu
Din tch
Din tch/h
H kh
170.14
1.79
Cn ngho
25.80
3.23
Chnh lch
Ngho
83.91
2.62
21
CN Kh
1.43
Ngho - Kh
0.83
Din tch/khu
0.40
0.60
0.54
0.2
0.14
Ch tiu
Din tch t gieo trng
Din tch t canh tc
H s s dng t
n
v
Ha
Ha
Ha
H kh
193.58
170.14
1.14
H cn ngho
27.95
25.8
1.08
H ngho
88.22
83.91
1.05
Kh
9.50
4.93
13.88
1.69
1.19
0.97
Cn ngho
6.48
8.84
3.87
1.50
0.00
0.00
Ngho
3.81
4.28
6.00
1.45
0.00
0.00
23
xut c vn th sn xut nng nghip mi tin hnh c. Do vy, trong kho st iu tra
ti tm hiu tnh hnh vay vn ca cc nng h nh sau:
Bng 3.15 Tnh hnh vay vn ca cc h nm 2010
n v: 1000
Nhm
h
Kh
CN
Ngho
Ngn hng
Ngn hng
i l v t
nng nghip
s
s tin
h
20 710000
0
0
5
90000
chnh sch
s
s tin
h
29 338000
4
58000
15 128000
chc khc
s
s tin
h
16
297000
1
5000
6
26000
S
h
vay
65
5
26
T l
tip
Bnh
cn
qun/h
vn
68.42
62.50
81.25
14157.8
7875
7625
24
Kh
Thu -
Cn ngho
Thu
Chi
Thu
Chi
Chi
127748
12177
115571
17418.1
37556.5
17060
20496
21726.1
49072
187031
78309
Thu -
Ngho
Thu -
Chi
Thu
Chi
6624.8
10793
8881.9
4025
4857.4
3175
4267.5
-1093
1037.5
4305
-3268
-27346
19550
27126
-7576
4275
22321
-18046
108721
40143.1
38018
2125.1
14194
30651
-16456
Chi
25
26
2008
2009
2010
S lng T l(%) S lng T l(%) S lng T l(%)
387
20.03
382
17.28
344
30.74
5
1.29
38
9.95
-281
-81.69
2
33.33
1
20
27
71.05
1907
1990
2033
(Ngun: Bo co UBND x)
27
n v
H
H
Triu ng
%
Triu ng
Nm 2008
387
113
925
29.20
8.19
Nm 2009
382
113
550
29.58
4.87
Nm 2010
344
160
750
46.51
4.69
(Ngun: Bo co UBND x)
28
29
30
31
32
- i vi cc h ngho
+ Cc h ngho i phi t thn vn ln khng c trng ch hay li chnh
quyn cc cp, m phi ch ng hc hi tm cch lm n thot ngho. S ch ng
ca ngi ngho l rt quan trng.
+ Ch ng tm cng n vic lm tng thm thu nhp cho gia nh c bit trong
thi gian rnh ri.
33
PHN 4
KT LUN V KIN NGH
4.1 Kt lun
Xa i gim ngho l mt vn ton cu ch khng ring mt quc gia no.
l vn kh khn ca cc quc gia c bit l cc quc gia ngho, km phat trin.
Chnh v vy m xa i gim ngho c coi l chng trnh mc tiu quc gia, l
nhim v chin lc ca ng v nh nc ta trong cng cuc xy dng v pht trin
t nc. Nhm thc hin mc tiu dn giu nc mnh x hi cng bng, dn ch,
vn minh.
X Ha Sn huyn Krng Bng tnh k Lk l mt trong nhng x im ca
huyn nhng t l ngho i ca x vn cn cao. Theo chun ngho giai on 2011
2015 th nm 2010 t l h ngho trong x l 30.74%, ch yu tp trung thn Tn Sn
v Bun Ya. Dn s sng bng ngh nng rt cao, nn thng gp nhiu ri ro thin tai,
v vy i sng ca ngi dn cn gp nhiu kh khn. Trong qu trnh tm hiu h
ngho do mt s nguyn nhn sau: trnh hc vn ca ngi ngho l rt thp t l m
ch ca ngi ngho cao 57,1%, hc cp I l 43,69% trong khi t l hc cp III
17.85%. Nh vy s gy kh khn cho h ngho trong vic tip cn khoa hc k thut v
thng tin th trng, gi c. Ngho l do ng con, t l ph thuc cao nhm h cn
ngho t l ph thuc l 39,53%, ngho l 37,18%. H s s dng t thp 1.05. Nng
sut cy trng khng cao, cy trng ch lc ca x l cy la, h ngho nng sut ch t
3.81 tn/ha trong khi nhm h kh l 9.5 tn /ha. Din tch t bnh qun trn h l
kh cao vi h ngho 2.62 ha/h cao hn c nhm h kh l 0.83 ha/h. Nhng sn xut
li khng hiu qu do thiu vn, thiu t liu sn xut. Vn vay bnh qun ca h ngho
l 7.625.000 kh m u t cho vic sn xut. Phng tin sn xut bnh qun ch 0.22
ci rt thp, ch bng mt phn ba so vi nhm h kh l 0.64 ci, n ma v phi thu,
34
35
36
1.
2.
3.
4.
GS.TS T Dng Tin, Gio trnh thng k nng nghip, trng i hc Nng Nghip I
H Ni.
5. GS.TS T Dng TIn, Bi ging Phng php nghin cu kinh t, trng i hc Nng
nghip I H Ni.
6.
2010.
37
38