LUN VN TT NGHIP TI: Thc t trin khai nghip v bo him thit b in t ti Cng ty c phn bo him bu in

GVHD: T THIN HNG

MC LC Trang
LI NI U PHN I: NHNG VN L LUN CHUNG V BO HIM TBT

1 2 2 2 2 3 5 6 6 7 9 9 10 11 12 12 12 13 14 14 15 18 18 19 19 19 20

A> Khi nim chung v bo him TBT 1. S cn thit ca bo him TBT a. Khi nim v TBT b. S cn thit ca bo him TBT c. Vai tr v tc dng ca bo him thit b in t 2. Lch s pht trin ca bo him TBT a. Khi qut v lch s bo him k thut b. S ra i v pht trin ca bo him TBT 3.Mt s iu kin thun li ca Vit nam trong vic hnh thnh v pht trin nghip v bo him TBT a.iu kin v kinh t b.iu kin v dn s c.iu kin v php l B.Ni dung ch yu ca nghip v bo him TBT I-i tng v phm v bo him ca nghip v bo him TBT 1.i tng bo him 2.Phm vi bo him II-Ri ro bo him v nhng im loi tr 1.Ri ro bo him 2. Nhng im loi tr III-S tin bo him v ph bo him 1.S tin bo him a.i vi thit hi vt cht b.i vi thit hi v lu tr d liu bn ngoi c.i vi chi ph gia tng 2.Phng php tnh ph v nguyn tc tnh ph

Trang 3.iu chnh s tin bo him v ph bo him 4. Mc khu tr 5. Ph bo him ti thiu cho mi n bo him IV-Hp ng bo him TBT 1.Giy yu cu bo him 2.iu khon ca hp ng bo him V-Ti bo him trong bo him TBT
PHN II- THC T TRIN KHAI NGHIP V BO HIM TBT TI CNG TY C PHN BO HIM BU IN(PTI)

25 26 27 27 27 27 32 33 33 34 54 54

I-Vi nt s lc v qu trnh hnh thnhv pht trin cng ty PTI II-Kt qu kinh doanh ca cng ty PTI nghip v bo him TBT
PHN III: MT S KIN XUT NHM NNG CAO CHT LNG NGHIP V BO HIM THIT B IN T CNG TY PTI

I/ Trin vng v th trng in t tin hc v phng hng trin khai nghip v bo him thit b in t ca Cng ty bo him bu in II/ Kin ngh 1. V cng tc khai thc 1.1. Vn tuyn truyn qung co 1.2. M rng i tng tham gia 1.3. Khai thc theo phng thc "vt du loang" 1.4. p dng hnh thc khuyn mi 1.5. Qun l hp ng 2. Cng tc gim nh v bi thng 2.1. Khu gim nh 2.2. Khu bi thng 3. Cng tc phng v hn ch tn tht 4. Cng tc t chc cn b v o to 5. Cng tc ti chnh k ton, tin hc v qun tr 6. Ph bo him 7. Hon chnh mi trng php l trong lnh vc bo him
KT LUN

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Trang
PH LC TI LIU THAM KHO

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LI NI U Sp bc sang th k 21, th k ca nn khoa hc k thut ang pht trin vi tc nhanh chng. t nc ta ngy cng ho nhp hn vo xu th tin b ca th gii, vi nhng bc i cng nghip ho, hin i ho trang b cho c s vt cht ca chng ta ngy cng tin tin hn hin i hn .Nh c chnh sch i mi ng n y ca nh nc v cng ngh thng tin v thu ht vn u t ca nc ngoi vo Vit nam m hin nay chng ta c mt s thit b in t c s dng ngy cng nhiu vo cc ngnh nh : Pht thanh truyn hnh, Bu chnh vin thng, cc vin nghin cu, cc bnh vin ln, cc nh my x nghip... Chng ta ang tha hng nhng cng ngh hin i vo cuc sng v cng vic hng ngy th cng tn ti song song vi chnh n l cc ri ro c th xy ra i vi cc cng ngh . Chng hn nu gi s h thng bu chnh vin thng s dng cc thit b in t m gp s c nh st nh hoc iu khin sai k thut th thit hi rt l to ln v cc thit b ny c c im l phi nhp ngoi vi gi tr rt cao so vi thu nhp ca chng ta . khc phc nhng ri ro c th xy ra th bo him thit b in t ra i nh mt nhu cu tt y gip cc t chc, c quan, x nghip... yn tm, tin tng s dng cc thit b in t cho cng vic ca mnh . Vit nam, c th coi bo him thit b in t l mt trong nhng nghip v bo him phi nhn th mi nht v y l mt nghip v kh phc tp i hi k thut cao trong cc cng on v trong cch tnh ph... Do vy nghin cu nghip v ny l rt cn thit i vi nhng ngi lm cng tc bo him. Xut pht t c s thc tin , nn trong qu trnh thc tp ti cng ty c phn bo him bu in em chn ti: Thc t trin khai nghip v bo him thit b in t ti Cng ty c phn bo him bu in Ni dung ti gm mt s phn chnh nh sau : Phn I: Phn II: Nhng vn l lun chung v nghip v bo him thit b in t Thc trng trin khai nghip v bo him thit b in t ti cng ty c phn bo him bu in

Phn III:

Mt s kin ngh nhm gp phn nng cao cht lng nghip v bo him thit b in t.

Phn I NHNG VN L LUN CHUNG V NGHIP V BO HIM THIT B IN T A> KHI NIM CHUNG V BO HIM THIT B IN T 1-S cn thit phi bo him thit b in t a-Khi nim v thit b in t Thit b in t l cc loi thit b c cha linh kin bn dn v cc mch in t, thng thng cc thit b ny khng phi thc hin phi thc hin bt k hot ng c kh no. Cc hot ng nh truyn v lu tr thng tin o lng v iu khin, th nghim, thm nh v bo ng u do thit b in t thc hin.Vi u im l c tc truyn cc nhanh v chnh xc tuyt i, kch c cc linh kin rt nh, do chng tr nn rt quan trng trong mi lnh vc ca cuc sng. n gin ly v d nh k thut in t c ng dng vo gii quyt vn nghim trng l nn giao thng mt cao .Thng qua k thut my tnh, k thut in tn v cc k thut khc lp trn t v dc ng t c mc ch ci thin tnh hnh an ton giao thng v nng cao kh nng giao thng trn ng. Hin nay do mt xe c dy c m mi nm M thit hi v kinh t ln ti 100 t la, s ngi cht do tai nn giao thng mi nm ti 41.000 ngi v 5 triu ngi b thng. Cc thit b in t cho php t ng ho trong cc qu trnh cng ngh v kim tra sn phm cc x nghip dt ,nh my ch to m t, ho cht trong hm m, nh my ng tu. Cc thit b in t trc tip lm tng nng xut lao ng ,nng cao cht lng sn phm, ci thin iu kin lm vic. Chng hn, trong vic hc ngoi ng ch cn dng my vi tnh v h thng loa m thanh ta c th nghe chnh xc nh ngi nc ngoi ni m khng phi c gio vin trc tip dy . Ta c th p dng nhng thnh tu ca in t trong nhng thit b s dng hng ngy nh v tuyn truyn hnh, my ghi m my thu thanh. Ngoi

ra do s dng cp quang v h thng v tinh m kh nng lin lc ton cu s c thc hin mt cch d dng kh nng la chn bt c chng trnh v tuyn v radio hoc thm ch thc hin chng trnh ring t bng ghi hoc phm, kh nng thu ti nh nhng bn in nh; tin tc bo ch, nhng t liu khc nhau t trung tm tnh ton . tm hiu mt cch chi tit v thit b in t phc v cho ti ny, c th phn loi thit b in t ra lm cc loi nh sau: - Cc thit b EDP (Electronic Data processing) v cc thit b in t dng trong vn phng (my vi tnh, my tnh trung tm), cc thit b ngoi vi nh my in, my m, my photocopy, my chiu... -Thit b vin thng: thit b in thoI ( cc tng i in t), thit b truyn xa (h thng telex,selex .. .) - Thit b thu thanh truyn hnh: cc thit b rada, trm v tinh mt t, cc b knh thin vn..., camra truyn hnh, thit b ghi hnh, thit b to hnh, phng ghi v sao video. - Thit b chiu sng v thit b hng hi: thit b n chiu, n pha, n hunh quang, cc h thng tn hiu, cc h thng v tuyn in thoi v thit b hng hi bng in t . - Thit b y t: thit b tia X quang dng cho chn on, thit b bc x ng hng dng tr liu, thit b phn tch dng trong y hc ... - Cc b truyn dn v pht tn hiu: cc h thng bo ng ,h thng ng h o, my d tm v cc h thng lin lc bn trong. V phm vi bi vit c hn, nn em ch i su vo cc thit b m thc t cng ty Bo him Bu in (gi tt l PTI) trin khai v nghip v. l thit b EDP, thit b vin thng, thit b thu pht thanh, truyn hnh. b, S cn thit phi bo him thit b in t : *0 Bc vo th k 21, s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut s l vn then cht cho s I ln ca th gii vn minh. Cc my mc thit b a s lin quan n in t, t cc my tnh c nhn cho n nhng v tinh ang

bay quanh tri t ca chng ta. Do i hi phi c s m bo v mt ti chnh nhm tin trin lin tc nhanh chng v c hiu qu . Cc ri ro c bo him trong bo him thit b in t cng rt a dng, t cc ri ro thin tai: ma, bo, lt ... cho ti cc ri ro do con ngi gy ra nh: sai lm trong thit k, sai lm ca ngi iu khin, hnh ng ph hoi ... ch cn mt sai st nh, c th rt nh xy ra cng c th dn n nhng hu qu to ln khng th lng trc c . N gy tc hi khng ch cho mt ngnh hay mt khu vc kinh t quc n m cn cho nhiu ngnh nhiu lnh vc kinh t khc nhau. N cng c th lm chm hn li s tin trin ca mt ngnh khoa hc. c bit ngy nay nhiu cng trnh, my mc, thit b vi cc chc nng t ng ho, chuyn mn ho cao, c gi tr rt ln. Nu tai nn xy ra c th dn ti thit hi to ln, thm ch c th dn n ph sn. *1 Cng ging nh loi hnh bo him khc, bo him thit b in t nhm n nh hot ng ca cc t chc kinh t trong trng hp chng may gp cc ri ro ni trn. Vi vic thu ph bo him ca nhiu t chc kinh t v c nhn c lin quan trong x hi lp qi bo him v quan h ti bo him c kh nng bi thng ngay tn tht cho ngi c bo him, cho d tn tht c ln ti mc no i chng na, gip h nhanh chng khc phc hu qu tn tht, khi phc sn xut kinh doanh v i sng. c bit trong c ch th trng hin nay, mi t chc, n v, x nghip u phI t ch v mt ti chnh v ch ng trong kinh doanh. Vi c s vt cht sn c ca mnh, h phi lo liu lm sao sn xut kinh doanh t c hiu qu cao nht. C ch mi va thc y s pht trin sn xut ca cc x nghip, mt khc i hi cc x nghip phi t ch hn trong sn xut kinh doanh v vi vic xo b c ch bao cp, cc x nghip s khng c Nh nc tr cp trong cc trng hp lm n khng c hiu qu hoc khng may gp phi ri ro lm nh hng n sn xut, kinh doanh. iu , buc cc doanh nghip phi quan tm n vn bo him. Nu tham gia bo him, trong trng hp gp phi cc ri ro gy ra thit hi ti ti sn, tin vn ca h th bo him s bi thng kp thi cc tn tht , gip ngi c bo him gii quyt ngay kh khn v mt ti chnh, khng cn xin ngn sch nh nc tr cp. 8

Cn c vo iu kin ti chnh ca mnh, ch vi mt khon ph bo him rt nh tr cho ngi bo him, khi gp tn tht ngi c bo him s nhn c khon tin bi thng ca ngi bo him v s ch ng nhanh chng khI phc ,a sn xut kinh doanh tr li bnh thng . Ngoi ra, khi tin hnh bo him thit b in t Ngi bo him cng vi cc ngnh, cc c quan hu quan khc phi hp tin hnh cng tc phng, hn ch tn tht nhm ngn chn c hiu qu cc ri ro c th gy ra thit hi i vi ti sn, con ngi. c bit trong lnh vc bo him thit b in t, cc bin php phng, cha chy, kim tra, gim nh cc thit b my mc, ng vai tr quan trng. Theo thng l, trc khi tin hnh bo him, ngi bo him phi theo ri, kim tra v nh gi mc ri ro ca i tng c yu cu bo him, trn c s s ng gp kp thi cho ngi c bo him cc bin php cn thit hn ch kha nng xy ra cc ri ro gy nguy hi cho ti sn c bo him. c,Vai tr v tc dng ca bo him thit b in t Bo him thit b in t (Electronic Equipment Insurance-EEI) c mt s u im so vi cc loi hnh bo him khc nh : Mt l, EEI a ra khi nim bo him rng ri nht trong ngnh bo him. Da trn n bo him mi ri ro vi rt t cc iu kin loi tr ,n bo m vic bi thng sau khi tn tht hay h hng, thm ch c trong cc trng hp khng ng quan tm hay khng quan trng i vi ti sn khc v d nh vic vn hnh khng c chuyn mn, dao ng in p, m khi ,m t v n n chn khng .Tuy nhin ,cc him ho y gy ra mt ri ro rt nghim trng cho thit b in t c nhy cm v tn s v tnh khc lit. Cng nh vy, mt nguyn nhn tng i nh nhng cng c th nh hng ln v ti chnh i vi tnh lin tc ca hot ng kinh doanh bi v cc hot ng ny c th hon ton ph thuc vo tnh trng sc kho ca tri tim" thit b in t .
*2

Hai l, iu khon tiu chun trong bo him thit b in t c a ra iu kin hon tr tin trn c s gi tr thay th mi. iu ny t ngi c bo him vo mt v tr sn c ngun tin y thay th ngay lp tc v khng c s khu tr thng thng theo iu kin mi thay c" .
*3

Ba l, Bo him thit b in t m rng c vi thit hi mi lnh vc phn mm v s ng dng ca n. Ngy nay ,d liu gc v d liu giao dch c lu tr vo my tnh l ngun thng tin ph bin ca mi cng ty do c phn mm v d liu l nhng ti sn rt c gi tr i vi mi doanh nghip. S tn ti v tnh chnh xc ca chng b e do bi rt nhiu ri v him ho a dng khi so snh vi chnh thit b . Cc hot ng c th b gin on cho ti khi vic phc hi y thng tin c tin hnh. Bn l, chiu theo khch hng, bo him thit b in t c th thay i ph hp vi tng nhu cu thng qua cc bn sa i b xung v c cu nh gi ri ro. 2. Lch s pht trin bo him thit b in t a) Khi qut v lch s bo him k thut So vi cc loi hnh bo him khc nh: Bo him hng hi ,bo him chy... th bo him k thut ra i chm hn. C th ni rng: Bo him k thut ra i cng vi s xut hin ca cuc cch mng khoa hc k thut v chnh s pht trin ca khoa hc k thut l ng lc thc y s ln mnh khng ngng ca lnh vc bo him ny. Ta c th a ra mt vI s liu so snh nh sau: - Bo him chy ra i t nm 1667 - Bo him hng hi ra i vo nm1687 - n bo him k thut u tin xut hin vo nm 1859 l n bo him v my mc v nm 1859 xut hin n bo him u tin cho ni hi. Tuy sinh sau mun hn so vi cc loi hnh bo him khc, nhng vi s pht trin nhanh chng ca khoa hc k thut, c bit trong th k 20 ny, bo him k thut cng tin c nhng bc di quan trng v tr thnh mt trong nhng loi hnh bo him quan trng nht hin nay. Trong nm 1972, tng s ph BHKT ti CHLB c ch t 567 triu DM, nhng nm 1981 tng ln ti 1294 triu DM

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BHKT hin nay xm nhp vo hu ht cc lnh vc ca hot ng kinh t, khoa hc trn ton th gii, t vic bo him cc my mc trong cc x nghip sn xut ,cc dng c tinh vi trong y t, trong cc phng th nghip cho ti vic bo him cho cng trnh xy lp khng l, cc cng t lp rp my bay, tu bin c ln v cho c con tu v tr... cng ty Munich Re, mt cng ty ti bo him ng u th gii,l mt trong nhng cng ty sng lp v ph bin rng ri loi hnh bo him ny cng vi cc cng ty khc trn th trng bo him Lon don -trung tm bo him th gii. b) S ra i v pht trin ca bo him thit b in t Bo him thit b in t l mt nghip v bo him tuy ra i mun hn so vi cc loi hnh bo him khc nhng pht trin rt nhanh v chim mt t l ln trong doanh thu ph bo him k thut. Gi l ra i mun nhng nhn li lch s pht trin ca loi hnh bo him ny, chng ta thy n cng c trn 70 nm pht trin. T nhng nm 20 ca th k ny xut hin nhng hp ng bo him thit b in t nh l nhng phn b xung cho cc hp ng thu mn v bo dng thit b .Vo nm 1921 cng ty chuyn v bo him thit b in t u tin trn th gii c thnh lp . Vi ngun gc ca n trong nhng nm 1920 c, bo him in p thp, nh tn gi ca n sau c bt u nh mt loi hnh bo him chuyn bit cho thit b in thoi, ch yu l bo v cc cng ty thu bao in thoi chng li nh hng v mt ti chnh c tnh cht hu qu ca tn tht hay h hng thit b. Trong nhng nm 30, phm vi va nhng thit b c bo him c m rng bao gm cc h thng loa chuyn dng, h thng tn hiu nh sng v h thng bo chy cng nh cc thit b vin thng khc, tip n l xut hin ca th h my tnh in t . Cng ngh my tnh hin i pht trin v c hon chnh bi KONZADZNSE tai c vo nm 1941. Trong cng thi gian M ,hnh thnh chui my tnh iu khin t ng, bc tip theo l s dng cc ng in t cho vic tnh ton. My tnh ln nht ENIAC l mt h thng khng

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l vi hn 18000 ng in t, 1500 thit b ngoi vi khc v c mc tiu th trn 150KW. Sau l mt chng trnh ghi nh c pht hin bi nh ton hc John Newman trong nm 1948. Cho n nm 1950, c s thay th cc ng in t bng transito v diot. T trc n nm 1960 vi mch in t m ng cho cch mng cng nghip ln th 3" *4 Tip n nm 1970: nhng yu t ri ro mi xut hin i hi phi c nhng iu kin bo him mi dn n s ra i n bo him thit b in t (EEI). Nm 1980 EEI tr thnh hp ng bo him c yu cu nhiu nht trong lnh vc bo him k thut. Khng cn nghi ng g na, s pht trin nhanh chng ca ngnh cng nghip in t trong th k 20 cng vi s xm nhp c nhiu i mi ca loi hnh bo him thit b in t to ra loi hnh bo him chuyn dng ny c tm quan trng hin nay ca th gii bo him. Ngy nay nhiu doanh nghip khng th cnh tranh khi thiu v s cc loi cng ngh m nghnh in t cung cp v trong trng hp tn tht hay h hng thit b in t ca mnh nhiu cng ty c th khng c kh nng tn ti lu di. Tnh hnh ny c li cho s pht trin ca loi hnh bo him thit b in t trong qu kh v s pht trin lin tc trong nhiu nm ti . Hin nay theo c tnh th ti th trng bo him c, mt th trng c coi l pht trin nht v bo him k thut ni chung v bo him thit b in t ni ring. Nm 1992 c ,bo him thit b in t to ra doanh thu ph bo him vt hn 450.000.000 U S D chim gn 33% tng doanh thu ph bo him k thut . Vit nam, bo him thit b in t n thi im ny c th coi l mt trong nhng sn phm mi nht c tng cng ty bo him Vit Nam (Baoviet) nghin cu trin khai bt u vo thng 10 nm 1996 3. Mt s iu kin thun li ca Vit nam trong vic hnh thnh v pht trin nghip v bo him thit b in t

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 hnh thnh v pht trin nghip v bo him thit b in t khng th n thun p dng mt cch my mc, mt s tip thu thiu chn lc t nhiu nc trn th gii m ngoi tnh l thuyt y thuyt phc th xut pht im th hai l tnh hnh thc t, n c ph hp c kh thi hay khng. Cng mt nghip v bo him nhng ch c th thnh cng nc ny nhng li hon ton khng trin khai c nc khc, iu ny cng chnh l do iu kin ni ti ca bn thn mi nc, c c im v u th ring .Cc iu kin chnh l: iu kin v kinh t, iu kin v dn s v iu kin v mi trng php l. Vit nam cc iu kin nh sau : a,iu kin v kinh t Kinh t l mt trong nhng biu thc quan trng nht nh hng trc tip n qu trnh pht trin nghip v ny. Khi mt nn kinh t ngho nn th iu kin u t cho c s vt cht s khng c trang b hin i do s khng c bo him thit b in t. Nhng thc t l Vit nam kinh t cha phi l pht trin song nhng g m nn kinh t t c nh hin nay qu l mt iu kin ht sc thun li cho nghip v bo him thit b in t pht trin. Sau khi c chnh sch i mi v kinh t, m ca ra th trng th gii th th trng vit nam v cng ngh thng tin c khi sc t u nhng nm 90. Bc khng nh cho s pht trin th trng ny l tc ng v m ca nh nc v chnh sch cng ngh thng tin. Ngy 7 thng 4 nm 1993 chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh 49/CP xc nh chnh sch, quan im v mc tiu ca vic pht trin cng ngh thng tin n nm 2000 . Cc cng ty my tnh tm c th gii bt u bc vo th trng Vit Nam nh Compaq, IBM, ACER ... Mt yu t ht sc thun li na l khi nn kinh t Vit nam c mc tng trng cao v n nh th i i vi n l yu cu phc v v thng tin, phc v v sc kho cho ngi dn, phc v sinh hot gii tr ht sc c quan tm. l cc nghnh nh: truyn hnh,thit b phc v y t, cc trung tm in t, vin nghin cu... bt buc phi c cc thit b in t c gi tr ln nhp t nc ngoi v. Do mun bo m cho chng trong iu kin ht sc phc tp Vit nam, cc c quan nh truyn hnh bnh vin, bu in, phi tham gia nghip v bo him thit b in t. Bng 1:Minh ho v tc tng trng GDP ca Vit nam trong thi gian 1994-1998 13

Nm Tc tng trng(%)

1994 8,8

1995 9,5

1996 9,3

1997 9,0

1998 6,1

Mi trng kinh t ni chung ang to iu kin thun li cho nhng nc km pht trin nh Vit nam nhng c hi thun li mau chng hi nhp vo mng li thng tin quc t . Tnh ton cu ho ca mng li thng tin quc t bin bt c mt quc gia no khng phi l chiu i hay chiu n th cng tr thnh ni qu cnh ca cc lung thng tin v do vic nng cao tnh ng b ca h thng thng tin ton cu tr thnh yu cu khch quan . Vi mt t nc hn 70 triu dn, mt bng thng tin cn nhiu trng vng nhng li c tc tng trng kinh t cao, r rng th trng cng ngh thng tin Vit nam c sc ht ln i vi cc nh u t nc ngoi trong lnh vc ny . Trong nhng nm gn y, di tc ng ca chnh sch i mi, tc tng trng kinh t cao m ra nhng nhu cu to lnv thng tin trong hot ng kinh doanh v mc sng ca dn c c nng ln ko theo nhng nhu cu mi trong giao tip v trao i thng tin khng nhng trong lnh vc kinh t m cn trong i sng tnh cm tinh thn v nng cao kin thc. Nh vy, tng trng kinh t v nng cao mc sng ang v s m rng th trng cng ngh thng tin ngy cng ln hn . ng thi chnh sch m ca v qu sang kinh t th trng cn hnh thnh mt khun kh th ch mi cho cc quan h hp tc v u t quc t pht trin hn na, c bit l thi k sau khi quan h gia Vit nam v M c bnh thng ho . Trong lc , vic Vit nam tr thnh thnh vin chnh thc ca ASEAN, quan h kinh t Vit nam vi Nht bn, vi cc nc EU v cc quc gia khc trn th gii ang tin trin tt, gip cho th trng cng ngh thng tin c iu kin khng hn ch trong vic tm kim i tc lin doanh p ng kp thi i hi ca tnh hnh mi. b, iu kin v dn s : Dn s l mt trong nhng vn quan trng, l c s cng ty PTI d on tim nng trong tng lai, nhng l hng ca th trng m cng ty cha khai thc c. Do nghin cu dn s tm ra c thc t ca n trn cc mt ny s l mt trong nhng iu kin tin quyt gip cng ty

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thnh cng trn con ng kinh doanh bo him ni chung v nghip v ny ni ring. Bng 2 :Cng ngh thng tin v dn s cc nc Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Quc gia Vit nam Trung quc n Philipin Thi lan Hn quc i loan Nht Hng kng Singapo New Zealand c M Dn s (triu ngi) 72 1178 903 68 59 45 21 125 6 3 3 18 258 S my tnh/1000ngi 0,5 1,00 1,00 4,00 9,00 37,00 74,00 97,00 101,00 125,00 147,00 192,00 287,00

Ngun :PC WoRLD 12/1995 T bng trn cho ta thy mc cu ca cng ngh thng tin mt s nc trn th gii. Qua bng ny ta thy s my vi tnh /1000ngi dn ca Vit nam l rt thp, chng t rng Vit nam cn l mt th trng cng ngh thng tin tim nng ln. Do bo him trong lnh vc ny c nhiu c hi pht trin v t kt qu kh quan trong tng lai. c,iu kin mi trng php l: Chng ta khng th ph nhn c tm quan trng ca mi trng lut php i vi nghip v bo him thit b in t . Mt mi trng lut bo him thng thong ra i sm s c nhiu u th i vi cc cng ty bo him. Vit nam bc u c c u th : *5 + T cui nm 1993 chnh ph Vit nam ban hnh ngh nh 100/CP nh hng pht trin th trng bo him Vit nam vi vic cho

15

php cc thnh phn kinh t tham gia hot ng kinh doanh bo him k c thnh phn kinh t t nhn v nc ngoi. Cho php cc loi hnh bo him tn ti v pht trin bao gm cng ty bo him gc, cng ty chuyn ti bo him k c mng li trung gian bo him (mi gii v i l ) Mt mi trng nh vy s to iu kin cho ngnh bo him ni chung v bo him thit b in t ni ring tn ti v pht trin mt cch n nh v vng chc . + B ti chnh ban hnh cc vn bn di lut nhm hng dn thc hin ngh nh 100/CP (thng t 46):qui nh ch qun l ti chnh i vi doanh nghip bo him (thng t 45):qui nh ch hoa hng bo him (thng t 76 v 02 )qui nh ti bo him bt buc (qui nh 1235)hng dn bo him cc cng trnh xy dng theo ngh nh 117/CP(thng t 105) + Lut bo him ang c nghin cu v son tho Cc vn bn php qui khc lin quan n hot ng bo him ang c son tho ,hon chnh sa i b xung nh :ch k ton p dng cho cc doanh nghip bo him ,lut u t nc ngoi ti Vit nam Tt c nhng tnh hnh trn th hin mt mi trng php l tng i n nh v ang c hon thin theo mt nh hng ph hp xu th chung ca th gii.
B- NI DUNG CH YU CA NGHIP V BO HIM THIT B IN T
I- I TNG V PHM VI BO HIM CA NGHIP V BO HIM THIT B IN T

1- i tng bo him *6 Trong bo him thit b in t i tng bo him l cc loi my mc thit b in t (tc l nhng my mc thit b c lp cac mch v cc linh kin in t )dng trong cc ngnh cc lnh vc khc nhau nh bu in ,vin thng, tin hc, y t, in nh, pht thanh truyn hnh ,hng hi ,hng khng, kh tng khoa hc k thut vv..... 2-Phm vi bo him

16

Phm vi bo him thit b in t c chia ra lm 3 phn. l bo him vt cht i vi cc thit b in t, bo him cho phng tin lu tr d liu bn ngoi v bo him chi ph gia tng. Ngi tham gia bo him c th tham gia mt hoc c 3 phn ny v khi mc ph bo him v quyn li ca ngi c bo him cng ph thuc tng ng vo vic la chn cc phm vi bo him ny. Phn I-Tn tht vt cht i vi thit b Cng ty PTI s bi thng cho ngi c bo him nhng thit hi vt cht bt ng khng lng trc xy ra i vi thit b in t do cc nguyn nhn nh: chy n, st nh trc tip hoc gin tip, on mch, nc, s xut ca ngi s dng v cc s c ngu nhin khc khng b loi tr theo cc iu kin ca n bo him . Ngoi ra, nu cc thit b in t c cng ty PTI bo him theo phn I ni trn ngi c bo him c th mua bo him thm cho cc phn II v III nh cp di y. Phn II:Phng tin lu tr d liu bn ngoi Cng ty PTI s bi thng cho ngi c bo him nhng chi ph sa cha hoc thay th cc phng tin lu tr d liu bn ngoi trong trng hp chng b tn tht do cc ri ro c bo him nh qui ddnh phn I gy ra v cc chi ph khi phc li nhng thng tin mt .Phn II ch c hiu lc khi ngi c bo him tham gia c phn I ca n bo him ny Phn III-Chi ph gia tng Nu h thng x l d liu in t (EDP) b tn tht vt cht thuc pham vi bo him, cng ty PTI s bi thng cho ngi c bo him cc chi ph cho vic tm thi thu mn cc thit b thay th cng nh cc chi ph v nhn cng v cc chi ph gia tng khc theo qui nh ca n bo him nhm m bo cho cc hot ng kinh doanh hoc ngh nghip ca ngi c bo him khng b gin on khi tn tht xy ra.
II-RI RO BO HIM V NHNG IM LOI TR

1-Ri ro bo him

17

C th ni ri ro bo him l mt trong nhng khi nim c bn cng vi "bo him", "i tng bo him". Ri ro bo him l yu t cu thnh phm vi bo him, l tiu chun xc nh mt s c c phi l s c bo him hay khng. V do , ri ro bo him l khi nim chi phi mnh m kt cc x l mt khiu ni bo him, mt vn ti chnh -php l tp trung v phc tp nht trong lnh vc bo him . Thit b bo him phi chu rt nhiu yu t ri ro c th dn n tn tht. Mt s ri ro chnh l :cc ri r v k thut nh: Chy, nc, ng t, bo, st nh. *7 Cc yu t mi trng nh :s thay i v nhit , m, khi bi ... Tng in p t ngt ,chp mch in, hng hc c hc, li do bt cn, cu th ca nhng ngi vn hnh, ph ngm trm cp . Tt c cc ri ro thng hay xy ra i vi thit b in t k trn u c bo him theo n bo him thit b in t ca PTI .n bo him thit b in t l dng n bo him mi ri do, ch khng bo him nhng ni dung c ghi trong phn cc im loi tr Nh vy, c th thy phm vi bo him ca n bo him ny l rt rng so vi cc loi n bo him khc c th bo him cho loi hnh ti sn ny, v d nh n bo him chy ,n, st nh (trc tip) v mt v ri ro khc khng in hnh i vi cc thit b in t (nh ri ro do my bay v cc phng tin hng khng khc ri vo ; gy ri, bo lon, nh cng, ging bo.... Nhng hu ht nhng ri ro c bo him theo n bo him chy khng phi l ri ro in hnh cu thit b in t.

18

Bng 3: Bo him cho cc TBT (Cc ri ro chnh c bo him theo cc n BH khc nhau)
Cc ri ro bo him Chy (bao gm c cc tn tht pht sinh t cc cng vic cha chy v cu h) St nh, n, m va ca my bay Chy xm, chy m ph bi b hng Thit hi do in (on mch, qu in p..) Cp bc, ph hoi ngm, hnh ng c L lt, ng p n c Vn hnh sai (bt cn, cu th, thiu k nng..)

Tr m cp

R r n c

Loi hnh bo him Bo him TBT

BH Chy

Ch st nh trc tip, n ho hc

BH Trm

BH thit hi do nc BH My mc Ch st nh gin tip,n l hc

2.Nhng im loi tr a) im loi tr chung : Cng ty PTI khng bi thng nhng thit hi l hu qu trc tip ca s hao mn hay h hng dn theo thi gian,chin tranh v bo lc, trm cp (tr khi c tho thun ring) hnh ng c hoc c ch ca ngi c 19

bo him, phn ng ht nhn v nhim phng x, lp chng trnh sai, cc chi ph thc hin cng tc bo dng nhm mc ch hn ch v ngn nga tn tht v m ba cho cc thit b hot ng an ton. b.Cc im loi tr ring : Cc im loi tr ring c p dng cho tng phn: - Phn tn tht vt cht i vi thit b - Phng tin lu tr d liu bn ngoi - Chi ph gia tng C th ta i vo tng phn : * Tn tht vt cht i vi thit b in t : Cng ty PTI s khng chu trch nhim i vi: *8 -Mc khu tr qui nh trong bng tm tt iu kin bo him (gi tt l BTTKBH) m ngi c bo him phi chu trong mi s c. Tuy nhin nu tronng mt s c c 2 hng mc tr ln b tn tht th ngi c bo him ch chu mc khu tr cao nht trong cc mc khu tr p dng cho cc hng mc b tn tht -Tn tht trc tip hay gin tip gy nn bi ni la ng t, sng thn, gi xoy v bo mnh t cp 8 tr ln -Tn tht trc tip hay gin tip do trm cp . -Tn tht m hu qu ca n l do tc ng nh hao mn ,nt v ,n mn kim loi, mi mn ng cn hoc h hng dn theo thi gian bi cc yu t bn ngoi tc ng . - Tn tht trc tip hay gin tip do cc dch v hoc ngun cung cp v d: in nc, kh ga b hng hc. - Tn tht do s sai st trong n bo him ti thi im c hiu lc m ngi c bo him nhn ra iu cho d cng ty PTI c nhn ra hay khng. *9 - Tn tht thuc trch nhim cu cc nh ch to hoc nh cung cp cc hng mc thit b c bo him theo qui nh ca php lut hoc theo hp ng.

20

- Bt c khon pht sinh chi ph no c lin quan n vic bo dng cho cc hng mc c bo him - Bt c cc chi ph no b ra c lin quan n vic khc phc nhng trc trc v cc chc nng hot ng tr khi cc trc trc l do mt tn tht c th c bi thng theo n bo him gy ra . - Tn tht i vi cc thit b cho thu hay c thu m ngi ch cc thit b phi c trch nhim theo lut nh hoc theo mt tho thun thu mn hay tho thun bo dng no . -Tt c cc loi tn tht c tnh cht hu qu. -Tn tht i vi cc b phn nh bng n, n in t, ng in t,ruy bng, cu ch, vng in kn, dy ai (dy cu loa). Dy dn hoc dy thp, xch, lp cao su, cc dng c c th thay i c, xi lanh, cc vt bng thu tinh, gm s, li lc hoc li thp hay bt k cht liu s dng no (v d nh du bi trn, nhin liu, cc loi ho cht ) - Cc khuyt tt nh hng n thm m, v d :cc vt t xc trn b mt c sn,nh bng hoc trng men . * Phng tin lu tr d liu bn ngoi : Cng ty PTI tho thun vi ngi c bo him rng nu cc phng tin EDM (phng tin lu tr d liu bn ngoa ghi trong bng tm tt iu kin bo him (bao gm cc thng tin lu tr trn m cc thng tin ny c th c x k trc tip trong cc h thng EDP) b bt k mt tn tht vt cht no c th c bi thng theo phn thit hi vt cht. Cng ty PTI s bi thng nhng tn tht vi mc bi thng trong bt c nm bo him no cng khng vt qu s tin ghi trong bng tm tt iu kin bo him vi iu kin l cc tn tht xy ra trong thi hn bo him ghi trong bng tm tt iu kin bo him hoc trong bt c giai on bo him no tip theo m ngi c bo him tr v cng ty PTI nhn mt khon ph bo him gia hn cho n bo him . Tuy nhin cng ty PTI s khng chu trch nhim bi thng : - Mc khu tr qui nh trong bng tm tt iu kin bo him m ngi c bo him phi chu trong mi s c.
*10

21

- Cc chi ph pht sinh do lp chng trnh,c l ghi nhn hoc chn thng tin sai, xo thng tin do nhm ln hoc loi b khng dng cc phng tin cha d liu hoc mt thng tin do tc ng ca t trng - Tt c cc loi tn tht c tnh cht hu qu di bt k hnh thc no *Chi ph gia tng Cng ty PTI tho thun vi ngi c bo him rng nu tn tht vt cht c th c bi thng theo phn thit hi vt cht ca n bo him lm cho hot ng ca cc thit b EDP thay th (m cc thit b thay th ny cha c bo him theo n) tuy nhin mc bi thng s khng vt qu s tin bo him tnh theo ngy nh tho thun v cng khng vt qu tng s tin bo him ghi trong bng tm tt iu kin bo him vi iu kin l vic gin on xy ra trong thi hn bo him ghi trong bng tm tt iu kin bo him hoc trong bt c giai on no tip theo m ngi c bo him tr v cng ty PTI nhn mt khon ph gia hn cho n bo him. Nhng cng ty PTI s khng chu trch nhim bi thng cho bt c chi ph tng thm no pht sinh do: - C nhng qui nh ca hn ch do cc nh chc trch ban hnh lin quan n vic thit k, ch to li thit b EDP c bo him hoc hot ng ca cc thit b . - Ngi c bo him khng c sn cc qu cn thit nhm p ng kp thi vic sa cha hoc thay th cc thit b h hi hay ph hu
III-S TIN BO HIM V PH BO HIM

1-S tin bo him L gi tr ti sn c cng ty bo him chp nhn bo him ghi trong giy chng nhn bo him . Trong mi trng hp l gii hn trch nhim ti a ca cng ty bo him i vi ti sn c bo him b thit hi nghip v bo him thit b in t s tin bo him c p dng nh sau: a. Bo him thit hi vt cht i vi cc thit b in t:

22

- Yu cu ca loi hnh bo him ny l s tin bo him ca mi hng mc khng c thp hn gi tr thay th mi y ca n, bao gm c cc ph, thu v cc chi ph v hi quan v chi ph lp t... v ngi c bo him phi cam kt iu chnh li s tin bo him trong trng hp c bt k bin ng ln no v tin lng hoc gi c. Trong trng hp xy ra tn tht, nu s tin bo him c pht hin thp hn s tin cn phi c bo him nh cp trn th s tin bi thng s c gim tng ng vi t l gia s tin bo him thc t v s tin l ra cn phi c bo him nh yu cu. iu kin ny p dng ring r i vi tng hng mc c bo him. Khi xc nh c s tin bo him, nn tip tc xem xt cng thm vo s tin bo him phn chi ph c th gia tng thm v gi nguyn vt liu hoc tin lng trong giai on bo him u tin. b.Bo him cho phng tin cha d liu bn ngoi. S tin bo him phi c xc nh ph hp vi cc chi ph cn thit thay th tt c cc phng tin cha d liu bn ngoi v phc hi li nhng thng tin c lu tr trn . V ch c th c tnh cc chi ph phc hi li thng tin nn vic bo him cho cc chi ph ny da trn c s tn thy u tin (first loss) vi mt hn mc bi thng phi c c tnh ht sc k cng trn c s nh gi tn tht ln nht c th xy ra i vi cc chi ph ny. Khng p dng iu khon bo him di gi tr cho phn ny. c. Bo him chi ph gia tng. S tin bo him c xc nh trn c s cc chi ph c th b ra tnh theo ngy v thng trong thi hn 1 nm do phi s dng mt h thng EDP thay th. Cc chi ph pht sinh thm mt ln na lp trnh v chuyn ch c th c bo him theo iu khon sa i b sung ti mt hn mc c quy nh ring cng trn c s tn tht u tin.

23

2. Nguyn tc v phng php tnh ph a. Nguyn tc chung xc nh ph bo him xc nh ph bo him thit b in t, ta da trn c s t l ph v gi tr bo him. Ph bo him =T l ph * S n v gi tr bo him Khi tnh ph bo him thit b in t th trong ph phi cha y cc yu t lm pht, thay i gi c... Cn trnh bo him di gi tr .Khi kt thc mt thi hn bo him (1 nm), nu NBH mun ti tc hp ng th ngi bo him phi xem xt iu chnh ph bo him cho ph hp vi gi tr ca bo him. b.Ph bo him p dng cho phn thit hi vt cht i vi cc thit b in t : Di y l cc m s ca tng chng loi my mc thit b in t s dng trong cc ngnh khc nhau : 0100 Cc h thng v thit b x l d liu (EDP) 0200 Thit b vin thng 0300 Thit b thu pht ,dng trong pht thanh truyn hnhv thit b in nh 0400 Thit b chiu sng v thit b hng hi 0500 Thit b dng cho nghin cu 0600 Thit b in t dng trong y t 0700 B phn pht tn hiu v truyn dn 0900 My mc thit b dng trong vn phng 1000 B phn kim tra v ghi *11 i vi cc h thng thit b x l d liu (001), thit b vin thng (002), thit b thu pht dng trong pht thanh truyn hnh (003) c biu t l ph bo him (trong phn ph lc). *12 T l ph cp trong biu ph ch l t l ph ti thiu tng ng vi cc iu kin bo him c bn p dng vi iu kin ri ro bnh thng m khng c cc y t lm tng mc hoc kh nng ri ro . Nu c nhng yu t lm tng mc v kh nng ri ro th phi tng thm ph (trong nhng trng hp phi thng bo nhng thng tin c th v cng ty cng ty xem xt v quyt nh ).Biu ph ny cng p dng vi 24

thi hn bo him tiu chun l mt nm v vi mt mc khu tr ti thiu, v vy nu p dng thi hn bo him ngn hn hoc mc khu tr cao hn th c th gim ph . Biu ph c cp trong bng ph lc p ng i vi cc thit b in t v phng tin lu tr d liu bn ngoi hot ng v c bo qun trong nhng iu kin lm vic bnh thng, tc l khng c tnh hung lm tng thm kh nng xy ra ri ro v tui ca cc thit b ny khng qu 7 nm. * Ph bo him ri ro ng t T l ph c bn cp trong cc biu ph trn cha k n ri ro v ng t . Nu bo him thm ri ro ny th phi cng thm ph ph bo him nh cp trong bng di y . Bng 4: T l ph ri ro do ng t nhy cm i vi ri ro ng t Loi C Loi D Loi E Loi F Loi G n v : %o tnh theo nm H s kh nng xy ra ng t tng vng 0 1 2 0 0.20 0.40 0 0.25 0.45 0 0.29 0.57 0 0.35 0.68 0 0.42 0.82

K t ghi trong bng K t S tin bo him (USD) C 17000 D 35000 E 85000 F 170000 G 350000 Cc ri ro ng t, thit hi do sng thu triu gy ra do tc ng ca ng t v ni la phun l cc ri ro b loi tr trong n bo him chnh. Nu khch hng yu cu bo him thm cc ri ro ny th p dng KSBS 505 vi hn mc bi thng khng vt qu 1000.000USD nhng vi iu

25

kin l thu thp y cc thng tin c lin quan nh cp trong phiu iu tra v ri ro ny. Nu bo him thm nhng ri ro ny th phi tnh thm ph ph v t l ph c bn ghi trong biu ph cha tnh n nhng ri ro ny. Ph ph cho cc ri ro ny p dng cho phn thit hi vt cht i vi thit b in t v bo him phng tin cha d liu bn ngoi. Theo bn ca khu vc ng t ca Munich Re cc khu vc trn tri t c chia thnh 5 khu vc : T 0 n 4. Khu vc c ri ro ng t tng dn theo th t, chng hn khu vc c ri ro ng t mc 0 l hu nh khng c ng t xy ra v cp ng t l V v di V tnh theo Mercalli c sa i . Kh nng xy ra ng t mi vng l khc nhau, v d Vit nam c 3 vng xy ra ng t nh : nng , H ni, Lai chu (theo bn th cc tnh min bc Vit nam thuc khu vc c ri ro ng t l 1 tc l t xy ra ng t). * Ph bo him cc ri ro lc, xoy, gi git v bo ln (mnh trn cp 8) T l ph c bn cp trn cng cha tnh n cc ri ro ny, nu bo him thm th phi tnh thm ph ph theo bng sau . Bng 5: T l ph ri ro do thin tai n v : %o tnh theo nm a im cc hng mc c bo him t trong nh t ngoi tri Khu vc 1: cp thp Khu vc 2: cp trung bnh Khu vc 3: cp cao Mc TCT c ngha l a im cc hng mc c bo him t ngoi tri v c gi bo t cp 2 tr ln v vy phi thng bo v cng ty cng ty quyt nh. Cp gi bo theo tng vng 1 2 3 0.1 0.40 0.80 TCT 1.5 TCT

26

*13 Thng thng mc tc ng ca gi bo i vi cc vng ven bin c coi l cao cn cc vng su vo t lin th thp hoc trung bnh. *14 T l ph cho trong bng trn ch p dng nu cc hng mc c bo him t cc khu vc c cao cao hn mc nc cao nht thng k c khu vc k t khi bt u hiu lc bo him tr v trc. Nu cc thit b in t t cao bng hoc thp hn so vi qui nh trn th khng c t ng chp nhn bo him cc ri ro ny m phi xin kin ch o ca cng ty PTI. c.Ph bo him p dng i vi phng tin cha d liu bn ngoi .T l ph c bn y l t l ph ti thiu ng vi cc iu kin bo him c bn ca n bo him v c p dng i vi s tin bo him tn tht u tin (first loss) m ngi c bo him phi k khai c th trong bn tr li cu hi nh cp phn sau. Phn tin bo him i vi cc phng tin lu tr ny phi tng ng vi chi ph khi phc li cc phng tin ny. Chi ph ton b c tnh cho vic khi phc li cc thng tin hin ti t cc vn bn gc v /hoc ch ph c tnh chuyn d liu sang phng tin lu tr mi nu nh c cc bn sao phi tng ng vi phn tin bo him trn c s tn tht u tin (first loss) bo him cho vic khi phc li cc thng tin c lu tr trn cc phng tin c bo him. T l ph c bn p dng i vi s tin bo him vi iu kin s tin bo him khng vt qu 700.000 USD hoc tng ng vi mc khu tr thng thng c tnh bng phn nghn s tin thit hi nh cp trong Bng di y nhng khng c thp hn 700USD hoc tng ng.

27

Bng 6: Nu tng mc khu tr th t l ph c th c gim nh sau : Mc khu tr tng T l ph gim * Tng v gim ph : 5 ln 5% 10 ln 10%

*15 Vic tng hoc gim t l ph c bn ph thuc vo cc iu kin ri ro cp n trong bn tr li cu hi. Vic tng hoc gim ph i vi phn bo him thit hi vt cht i vi cc h thng x l d liu in t (EDP) cng p dng cho phn bo him cc phng tin lu tr bn ngoi (mt thng tin) mt cch thnh hp. Cng c th gim ph trong trng hp cc thng tin, d liu s phng c lu tr trong cc phng c kh nng chng chy Ni lu tr EDP T l gim ph c s dng my tnh Ch c th nhn bo him phn ny nu sau khi h thng EDP b tn tht vt cht c th c bi thng theo phn bo him thit hI vt cht m vn c th trnh c nhng tc ng bt li hoc gin on hot ng kinh doanh bng cc bin php sau : - S dng h thng x l d liu ca mt bn th ba (trn c s mt tho thun k trc khi bo him c hiu lc ) - Tng cng thm vic s l d liu bng tay - S dng lao ng dch v sn xut ca mt bn th ba * Xc nh s tin bo him S tin bo him (Theo nm) phi ngang bng vi s tin c th phi b ra trong phm vi 12 thng cho cc chi ph gia tng c bo him ngay c khi ngi c bo him la chn thi gian bo him ngn hn. Phi n nh ring s tin bo him ng vi mi h thng EDP c lp. trong phng t thit b EDP 5% bn ngoi phng t thit b 10%

c. Ph bo him cho phn bo him chi ph gia tng i vi cc h thng

28

S tin bo him tnh theo nm bao gm:

Chi ph gia tng Chi ph do Chi ph vn Chi ph V d: Tin thu tng thm chuyn theo tit kim cc h thng x + nhn cng s + gi cc hin - nh tit x 12 thng l d liu ca bn dng lao ng ti i vi cc kim v th 3 hoc p dch v v cc phng tin cc ph dng cc qu hot ng lu tr hoc s dng trnh sc hoc qu sn xut nguyn vt liu in trnh lm vic cabn th 3 v nhn cng hng khc ngy

Nu s tin bo him tnh theo nm vt qu 1.700 USD hoc tng ng th phi xin kin ch o ca Cng ty * T l ph bo him T l ph c bn l t l ph ti thiu tng ng vi cc iu kin bo him tiu chun cp trong n bo him v ph thuc vo quy m ca cc thit b thuc h thng EDP c bo him v c p dng trong cc iu kin sau: *16 (i) Thi gian bi thng ti a l 12 thng, thi gian min thng t nht l 2 ngy lm vic (mc khu tr i vi chi ph pht sinh thm ch mt ln l 20%) (ii) Cc iu kin ca ri ro l bnh thng v hng mc c bo him khng x dch. iii) Cc quyn li ca ngi c bo him c bo him bi n bo him thit b in t tiu chun vi phm vi y ti cng ty PTI. 3. iu chnh s tin bo him v ph bo him S tin bo him v ph bo him phi c iu chnh mi khi c nhng thay i ln v gi c hoc tin lng, c bit l vo nhng thi im ti tc n bo him c ht hn. lm c iu ny c th tham kho gi c t cc nh ch to hoc nh cung cp. a) iu chnh s tin bo him S tin bo him c iu theo cng thc sau: 29

E S = So ------Eo *17 Trong : S: S tin bo him ca nm hin ti So:S tin bo him khi bt u bo him E:Ch s gi sn xut thit b trong nm hin ti Eo:Ch s gi sn xut thit b khi bt u bo him b).iu chnh ph bo him E L P = Po 0,3 ---------- + 0,7--------E0 L0 *18 Trong : P: Ph bo him ca nm hin ti Po:Ph bo him khi bt u bo him L:Ch s gi lao ng trong nm hin ti Lo: Ch s gi lao ng khi bt u bo him. Cc h s 0,3 v 0,7 ch l cc gi tr trung bnh trn c s gi tr nguyn vt liu chim 30% v gi nhn cng chim 70%. Nu cn thit th cc h s trn c th thay i ph hp vi iu kin thc t. Nu ti thi im bt u bo him m mt hng mc no c s dng 05 nm th c th p dng mt h s phn nh c s gia tng v gi tr thay th mi ti thi im . H s ny c xc nh trn c s cc ch s p dng trong cc nm trc ti nc m hng mc c ch to 4. Mc khu tr a) i vi thit hi vt cht Mc khu tr thng thng p dng cho mi hng mc thit b c tnh theo phn ngn s tin bo him v khng c thp hn 200 USD hoc s tin tng ng. b) i vi phng tin cha d liu bn ngoi Mc khu tr thng thng c tnh theo phn ngn s tin tn tht v khng c thp hn 700 USD hoc s tin tng ng. c) i vi chi ph gia tng Mc khu tr c tnh ton theo thi gian min thng. Thi gian min thng ti a l 02 ngy ng vi t l ph ti thiu. Thi gian thng di hn th s p dng cc h s gim ph .

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5. Ph bo him ti thiu cho mi n bo him Ph bo him ti thiu hng nm cho mi n bo him l: - i vi thit b EDP : 200 USD - i vi tt c cc h thng v thit b in t khc v phng tin cha d liu : 700 USD - i vi chi ph gia tng : 100USD
IV-HP NG BO HIM THIT B IN T

1. Giy yu cu bo him Ngi c bo him phi k khai y vo giy yu cu bo him thit b in t , sau gi ti cng ty PTI cng ty tin hnh kim tra thc t a im t cc thit b c bo him v hin trng ca nhng my mc c yu cu bo him .Trn c s xem xt nh gi thc t v nhng thng tin m khch hng khai bo, nu thy y cc iu kin cp n bo him th cp n bo him. 2. iu khon ca hp ng bo him Trn c s Ngi c bo him (di y gi tt l NBH) gi Giy yu cu bo him (Giy yu cu ny c xem nh l mt b phn khng tch ri ca n bo him) cho Cng ty c phn bo him Bu in (Di y gi tt l PTI), np cho PTI s ph bo him nu trong Bn tm tt iu kin bo him (BTTKBH) km theo v tun th cc iu khon, iu kin v cc im loi tr quy nh trong n bo him ny, PTI s tr tin bi thng cho NBH theo cch thc v ti mc nh quy nh di y. n bo him ny p dng cho cc thit b c tn trong danh mc c bo him cho d cc thit b ny ang hot ng hoc khng hot ng, ang c tho d hoc lau chi bo dng, i tu hoc di chuyn trong khu vc c bo him, ang trong qu trnh thc hin chnh cc cng vic nu trn hoc trong qu trnh c lp rp tr li sau , nhng d trong bt k trng hp no th n bo him ny cng ch p dng khi cc thit b ny qua chy th thnh cng. Cc iu kin chung: 1. iu kin tin quyt rng buc trch nhim ca PTI l NBH phi tn trng v thc hin y cc quy nh ghi trong n bo him 31

ny, trung thc khai bo v tr li cc cu hi ghi trong giy yu cu bo him theo mu nh km theo n bo him ny. 2. BTTKBH v cc phn ca n bo him c xem l cc b phn khng th tch ri v l mt b phn hp thnh ca n bo him ny, v cm t "n bo him ny "bt c lc no c s dng trong hp ng ny s c hiu l bao gm BTTKBH v cc phn . Bt k mt t hoc mt cm t no mang mt ngha xc nh no ti bt c phn no trong n bo him ny, trong BTTKBH hoc trong cc phn ca n bo him th d xut hin u t hoc cm t cng mang cng mt ngha nh vy. 3. NBH, bng chi ph ring ca mnh, phi thc hin mi bin php hp l v tun theo mi kin ngh hp l ca PTI nhm ngn chn tn tht v phi tun th mi quy nh php lut v khuyn ngh ca nh ch to. 4. a)Vo bt k thi gian hp l no, i din ca PTI cng c quyn xem xt v kim tra ri ro c bo him v NBH phi cung cp cho i din ca PTI mi chi tit, thng tin cn thit nh gi ri ro c bo him. b)NBH phi lp tc thng bo cho PTI bng in tn v vn bn v bt c thay i no i vi ri ro c bo him v bng chi ph ring ca mnh thc hin nhng bin php m tnh th i hi m bo an ton cho qu trnh hot ng ca cc hng mc thit b c bo him. Phm vi bo him cng nh chi ph bo him s c iu chnh thch hp nu thy cn thit. NBH khng c thc hin hoc chp nhn nhng s thay i no lm tng thm ri ro tr khi PTI c vn bn xc nhn rng n bo him vn tip tc c hiu lc trong cc trng hp . 5. Trong trng hp xy ra nhng s c c th dn n vic bi thng theo n bo him ny, NBH phi: a) Lp tc thng bo ngay cho PTI bng in thoi hoc in tn cng nh bng vn bn nu r tnh cht v mc tn tht; b) Thc hin mi bin php ph hp vi kh nng ca mnh hn ch tn tht mc thp nht; 32

c) Gi gn cc chi tit hay b phn b h hi v sn sng cho i din hay gim nh vin ca PTI gim nh cc chi tit hay b phn ; d) Cung cp mi thng tin v chng t vn bn theo yu cu ca PTI; e)Thng bo cho c quan cng an nu tn tht do trm cp. Trong mi trng hp PTI s khng chu trch nhim i vi nhng tn tht m trong vng 14 ngy k t khi xy ra tn tht PTI khng nhn c thng bo v nhng tn tht . Ngay sau khi thng bo cho PTI theo iu kin ny, NBH c th tin hnh sa cha hay thay th cc h hng nh, cn trong mi trng hp khc, nht thit phi c i din ca PTI gim nh tn tht trc khi thc hin vic sa cha thay th. Nu i din ca PTI khng tin hnh gim nh trong mt thi gian c xem l hp l xt theo tnh hnh thc t th NBH c quyn xc tin vic sa cha hay thay th. Trch nhim ca PTI i vi bt k hng mc b tn tht no thuc i tng bo him s chm dt nu hng mc vn c s dng sau khi khiu ni m khng c sa cha nh yu cu ca PTI hoc nu ch c sa cha tm thi m khng c s ng ca PTI. 6. NBH, vi chi ph do PTI chu, phi thc hin, kt hp thc hin v cho php thc hin mi hnh ng v mi cng vic xt thy cn thit hay theo yu cu ca PTI bo v nhng li ch lin quan n cc quyn hn hoc cc bin php nhm c cc bn th ba (khng c bo him theo n bo him ny ) cho min gim trch nhim hay i c bi thng t cc bn th ba m PTI c hng hay c th c hng hoc c th quyn hay c th c th quyn ngay sau khi PTI bi thng thit hi theo n bo him ny cho d nhng hnh ng hay cng vic nh vy cn phi c thc hin hoc c yu cu thc hin trc hay sau khi PTI bi thng cho NBH. 7. Trong trng hp c bt c tranh chp no gia PTI v NBH v s tin c bi thng theo n bo him ny (m nu khng c vic tranh chp ny th trch nhim c tha nhn), nhng tranh chp s c chuyn cho mt trng ti quyt nh m trng ti ny do hai bn ch 33

nh bng vn bn. Nu hai bn khng nht tr c vic ch nh mt trng ti th mi bn bng vn bn s ch nh mt trng ti ring v tranh chp ny s c chuyn cho hai trng ti quyt nh vi iu kin l vic ch nh phi c thc hin trong vng mt thng k t khi bn ny hoc bn kia a ra yu cu v vic ch nh ny bng vn bn. Trong trng hp nhng trng ti ni trn khng i n nht tr th tranh chp s c chuyn cho mt trng ti do cc trng ti ch nh bng vn bn trc khi a tranh chp ra gii quyt. Trng ti ny s ngi li cng vi cc trng ti v ch tr cc cuc hp gii quyt tranh chp. Phn quyt do trng ti ch tr a ra s l iu kin tin quyt i vi bt c vic kin tng no nhm chng li PTI. 8.a) Nu nhng thng tin cp trong Giy yu cu bo him hoc nhng khai bo ca NBH c bt c kha cnh c bn no khng ng s tht hoc nu NBH a ra bt c khiu ni gian ln no hoc mc khiu ni b thi phng ln qu mc hoc nu c bt c s khai bo sai lch no nhm bo v cho nhng khiu ni th hiu lc ca n bo him ny s chm dt v PTI s khng chu trch nhim chi tr bt c khon bi thng no theo n bo him ny. Trong trng hp PTI t chi trch nhim i vi bt k khiu ni no m khng c vic kin tng no c tin hnh trong vng ba thng k t khi c s t chi hoc trong vng ba thng k t khi cc trng ti a ra phn xt (trong trng hp xy ra vic phn x nh cp trong iu 7 k trn) th tt c mi quyn li lin quan n khiu ni ny s khng cn gi tr.
b)

Nu vo thi im pht sinh bt k khiu ni no m c bt c n bo him no khc cng bo him cho nhng tn tht c khiu ni th s tin bi thng m PTI c th phi chi tr cho tn tht s khng vt qu phn t l ca PTI i vi khiu ni v tn tht .
9.

n bo him ny c th chm dt hiu lc theo yu cu ca NBH vo mi thi im v trong cc trng hp nh vy PTI s gi li phn ph bo
10.

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him c tnh theo biu ph ngn hn ng vi thi gian n bo him ny c hiu lc. Theo ngh ca PTI, n bo him ny cng c th chm dt hiu lc sau 7 ngy k t ngy PTI thng bo ngh ny cho NBH v trong cc trng hp PTI s hon tr li phn ph bo him c tnh theo t l tng ng vi thi gian n bo him ny khng cn hiu lc na k t ngy chm dt hiu lc sau khi tr i bt c khon chi ph hp l no v iu tra gim nh m PTI c th b ra v cng tr i bt c khon chit khu no v ph bo him p dng trong trng hp bo him di hn m NBH c hng. Nu bo him c thu xp cho mt bn th ba tha hng th di danh ngha ca NBH bn tha hng quyn li (BTH) c quyn thc hin cc quyn hn ca NBH. Ngoi ra BTH cng c quyn nhn bt c khon bi thng no theo n bo him ny ca NBH v chuyn giao cc quyn hn ca NBH cho PTI m khng cn phi c s chp nhn ca NBH ngay c trong trng hp BTH khng s hu n bo him ny. Ngay sau khi thanh ton bi thng, PTI c th yu cu BTH xc nhn rng h ng vi cc iu kin, iu khon ca hp ng bo him ny v NBH chp nhn h nhn cc khon bi thng theo n bo him ny.
11.

12. Mt thng sau khi xc nh c ton b s tin phi bi thng, PTI s chi tr bi thng. Tuy nhin, mt thng sau khi PTI nhn c thng bo thch hp v v tn tht v tha nhn trch nhim, NBH c th yu cu PTI tm ng s tin bi thng ti thiu ph hp vi hon cnh thc t ti thi im . Chng no s tin bi thng cha c xc nh hoc xt thy cha cn tm ng theo yu cu ca NBH th vic tm ng bi thng s khng c thc hin. *19 quyn gi li s tin bi thng trong trng hp :
a)

PTI c

C s nghi ng v quyn c nhn bi thng ca NBH chng no PTI cha nhn c cc bng chng cn thit.

35

ang c s iu tra ca cnh st hoc cng vic iu tra no khc theo qui nh ca Lut hnh s i vi NBH m cc cng vic iu tra ny cha kt thc.
b) V-TI BO HIM TRONG NGHIP V BO HIM THIT B IN T

*20 Ti bo him l hnh thc phn tn nhng ri ro c bo him bi cng ty bo him gc. Nhm pht huy ti a qui lut s ng dn mng, chia nh nhng ri ro c bo him bi cng ty bo him gc cho mt tp th cc cng ty ti bo him trn ton th gii. Chnh v l m mt ri ro mang tnh cht tai ho khc lit hoc c tch t cao vn c bo him .i vi cng ty bo him : ti bo him lm cho cng ty c kh nng nhn bo him nhiu hnv gip cho cng ty bo him gc c th nhn c cc dch v m vt qu kh nngca mnh ,ngoi ra n cn to s n ch trong qu trnh kinh doanh ,cng c kh nng ti chnh ca cng ty bo him . Trong nghip v bo him TBT c c im l gi tr ti sn bo him rt ln do vy khi k nhng hp ng bo him c gi tr ln cng ty PTI phi lun xem xt cn thit phi ti i cho cc cng ty bo him khc c kh nng ti chnh ln hn. Cc loi bo him nh : bo him mi ri ro cho ch thu-bo him xy dng (Contractor All Risks), bo him ri ro lp t(Erection All Risks),bo him TBT(Electronic Equipment).Cng ty PTI p dng hp ng s thnh kt hp mc di (Quota Share-surplus).Ti bo him trong nghip v bo him TBT do phng ti bo him ca cng ty PTI m nhn .

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Phn II
THC T TRIN KHAI NGHIP V BO HIM THIT B IN T TI CNG TY C PHN BO HIM BU IN (GI TT L PTI)
I- VI NT S LC V QU TRNH HNH THNH V PHT TRIN CNG TY PTI

Cng ty PTI chnh thc trin khai hot ng t ngy 01 .09. 1998 theo quyt nh s 3633 /GP-UD ca UBND thnh ph H ni .Cng ty PTI c mt s chc nng chnh nh sau : - Kinh doanh trc tip cc dch v bo him phi nhn th trong phm vi ca c nc v quc t . - Kinh doanh nhn v nhng ti bo him lin quan n cc nghip v bo him phi nhn th. - Tham mu t vn cho cc t chc kinh t x hi trong vic nh gi v qun l ri ro . - Thc hin cc dch v lin quan nh: Gim nh, iu tra tnh ton, phn b tn tht, i l gim nh, xt gii quyt bi thng v i ngi th 3 - Hot ng u t ti chnh theo qui nh ca php lut - Gip cc t chc khch hng bo him o to cn b chuyn ngnh bo him. Hot ng ca cng ty di s iu khin ca hi ng qun tr sau n gim c v cc ph gim c . S t chc b my cng ty PTI
Hi ng qun tr

Gim c

Ph gim c

Ph gim c

Phng bo him ti sn k thut

Phng bo him phi hng hi

Phng tng hp

Phng kinh t k hoch

Phng bo him hng

Phng ti bo him

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 s trn ni bt ln l phng bo him ti sn k thut c chc nng l ch o v thc hin cc nghip v bo him ti sn. Mt trong nhng nghip v u th ca phng l nghip v bo him thit b in t, nghip v ny c trin khai t rt lu trn th gii nhng Vit nam th n bo him thit b in t u tin mi c t cui thng 10 nm 1996 do BAO VIET cp cho trung tm k thut sn xut chng trnh i truyn hnh Vit nam. y l nghip v rt mi m cho nn vic cng ty PTI trin khai gp khng t kh khn .
II-KT QU KINH DOANH CA CNG TY PTI NGHIP V BO HIM THIT B IN T

1. Cng tc khai thc : Khai thc l khu u tin ca qu trnh kinh doanh bo him. V th n c ngha quyt nh i vi s thnh bi ca cng ty bo him ni chung v ca tng nghip v bo him ni ring. Khu khai thc bo him l vic huy ng tp chung ngun ng gp t cc n v tham gia bo him v c b xung mt phn li nhun ca hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca cng ty, khu khai thc hnh thnh nn qu d tr bo him chi phi rt ln n hiu qu kinh doanhca ngnh bo him . Nh chng ta bit trc y Vit nam ch tn ti mt cng ty bo him, l Tng cng ty bo him Vit nam gi tt l BAO VIET. Khi khch hng tham gia bo him khng c c hi la chn ni mnh mun tham gia v vic c quyn ny gy nhiu bt li cho khch hng, tuy nhin t cui nm 1995 c s ra i ca nhiu cng ty bo him nn to ra s cnh tranh mnh m v kt qu l c nhiu loi hnh bo him mi ra i v pht trin nh bo him mi ri ro v ti sn, tn tht li nhun, cc n bo him ton din v trch nhim tng qut. Nhng mu n bo him chun ang c p dng trn th trng bo him th gii cng c gii thiu trn th trng bo him Vit nam. S thay i nhanh chng v ng k trn to nhiu nh hng tt, khch hng tham gia c chm sc chu o v quyn li c thc s bo m. Nm bt c tnh hnh trn, cng ty PTI mi ra i v trin khai ngay mt nghip v rt mi l nghip v bo him thit b in t. c th xm nhp v chim lnh th trng v nghip v mi ny cng ty PTI c chin lc khch hng l m rng a bn hot ng ra hu ht bu in cc tnh trn c nc ng thi a ra chnh sch khch hng hp l c bit l chnh sch

38

khch hng ln th hin trn cc mt u i ph bo him, tin thng khng c tn tht hoc t tn tht, v chi ph phng hn ch tn tht, v vic bi thng.... Thc hin chin lc trn v phn cng c th cho tng cn b qun l khch hng, r sot li khch hng trng im, c tim nng tp trung cng sc, thng xuyn theo di phn nh vi ban gim c nm c tnh hnh khch hng v nhng thng tin mi ca i tc a ra thm nhp th trng. Sau y l kt qu khai thc nghip v bo him TBT ca cng ty PTI t 01 thng 9 nm 1998 n 30 thng 4 nm 1999 Bng 8: Tnh hnh khai thc bo him TBT ti cng ty PTI
Ch tiu 1.S n bo him TBT 2.S tin bo him -Lng tng tuyt i -Tc pht trin lin hon 3.S tin bo him /1n cp 4.Doanh thu t ph bo him TBT -Lng tng tuyt i -Tc pht trin lin hon 5.Doanh thu ca cng ty 6.T trng doanh thu ph bo him TBT/doanh thu cng ty n v n Triu ng Triu ng % Triu ng Triu ng Triu ng % Triu ng % 4 thng cui nm 1998 9 476.181,818 4 thng u nm 1999 11 604.000,000 127.818,182 126,84 54.909,090 3.322,000 703,000 126,84 5.110,769 65

52.909,090 2.619,000

4.365,000 60

*21

Ngun: Phng Bo him ti sn k thut Cng ty PTI

*22 Nhn xt v kt qu khai thc nghip v bo him TBT qua hai nm 1998 v 1999: *23 *V doanh thu ph Nhn chung cng ty mi i vo trin khai hot ng t 01/09/1998 song cho n nay cng ty t c mt s kt qu ng ch . n ht nm 1998 cng ty mi ch hot ng c 4 thng doanh thu t ph ca nghip v bo him TBT l 2.619,000(triu ng), y l con s khng nh xt v thi gian hot ng, n th hin c s n lc ca cn b v nhn vin ca cng

39

ty bc u khi hnh trn lnh vc mi m ny, ng thi phn no cng phn nh c s chp nhn ca th trng v sn phm ny ca cng ty. Doanh thu t nghip v ny chim t trng 60% trong tng doanh thu ca c cng ty trong 4 thng nm 1998. n ngy 30/04/1999 doanh thu ph t nghip v ny l 3.322,000 (triu ng) ln hn so vi doanh thu 4 thng nm 1998 l 703,000(triu ng). iu ny chng t rng trong nm 1999 cng ty c c nhiu kinh nghim hn tong khu t chc cng nh khai thc, tnh ca cn b ,nhn vin. Doanh thu nghip v ny chim t trng 65% trong tng doanh thu 4 thng nm 1999. T trng ny tng phn nh doanh thu t nghip v ny ang c xu hng chim phn ln trong tng doanh thu ca cng ty. Thm vo nghip v bo him TBT chim t trng cao th hin y l mt nghip v bo him ch yu ca cng ty PTI. Nu ta so snh doanh thu 4 thng nm1998 v doanh thu 4 thng nm 1999 nghip v ny ta thy: v s tuyt i nm 1999 tng 703(triu ng )so vi 4 thng nm 1998. V s tng i tng 26,84% tc bng 1,26 ln ca 4 thng nm 1998 nh vy ta d dng thy rng c s tuyt i v s tng i 4 thng nm 1999 u tng hn so vi 4 thng nm 1998.Kt qu ny ang dn chng minh cho ta s cn thit v tnh u vit ca nghip v n trn th trng bo him Vit nam. * Xt v s n bo him cp : Trong 4 thng nm 1998 cng ty PTI cp c 9 n, y l nhng hp ng u tin v bo him TBT m cng ty k kt c vi khch hng, nhng n ny ch yu l do cc bu in trong ngnh thuc c phn ca cng ty ngoi ra cn c thm n ca i pht thanh v truyn hnh Vit nam c ly t n ca BAO VIET li. Cho n 30/04/1999 sau 4 thng ca nm 1999 s lng n cp tng ln l 11 n, r rng l c s c gng n lc ca cc cn b nhn vin phng Bo him Ti sn - k thut rt nhiu. Nh vy cng mt lng thi gian nh nhau, nm sau s n bo him tng hn nm trc hay cng c ngha l s lng khch hng c s ch ti nghip v ny ca cng ty. *V s tin bo him : - 4 thng nm 1998: Gi tr ca n bo him ny kh ln, vi s tin l 478.181,818 (triu ng).

40

*24 - 4 thng nm 1999: s tin bo him ca nghip v ny l 604.000,000 (triu ng) tng 127.818,182 (triu ng) so vi 4 thng nm 1998 xt v tc pht trin lin hon th s tin bo him tng ln 26,84%. ng thi xt v s tin bo him trung bnh cho mt n cp cng tng ln tng ng t 52.909,090 (triu ng) nm 1998, ln n 54.909,090 (triu ng) nm 1999. c ci nhn tng qut hn v doanh thu ph bo him thit b in t trong thi gian 4 thng ca 2 nm 1998 v 1999 Ta xem biu sau: Hnh 1: Doanh thu ph bo him thit b in t 1998-1999 n v: t ng
3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1998 1999

b. Cng tc gim nh v bi thng tn tht . *25 Mi khi nhn c thng bo tn tht, th nhn vin ca cng ty s cng ngi c bo him tin hnh gim nh thit hi. Gi tr thit hi ca ti sn c bo him xc nh theo gi tr ti thi im xy ra tn tht, da vo xc nh s tin bi thng mt cch hp l. V d nh: trong trng hp mt hng mc c bo him no b ph hu, s tin bi thng m cng ty s tr l gi tr thc t ca hng mc ngay trc thi im xy ra tn tht, bao gm c cc ph vn chuyn thng thng, chi ph lp rp, thu v cc chi ph hi quan (nu c) trong phm vi cc chi ph ny bao gm trong s tin bo him. Gi tr thc t ny c tnh ton bng cch tr i gi tr thay th ca hng mc 1 t l khu hao thch hp . i vi phng tin cha d liu bn ngoi :cng ty s bi thng bt k mt chi ph no nu chng minh c rng ngi c bo him b ra trong thi hn l 12 thng k t ngy pht sinh s c nhm mc ch duy nht

41

l phc hi li cc phng tin lu tr d liu bn ngoi tr li tnh trng bnh thng, k t ngy xy ra mt s c bi thng, s tin bo him i vi thi hn bo him cn li s gim i mt lng bng s tin bi thng, tr khi s tin bo him s li c phc hi li nh ban u. S tin bi thng c gii hn bi s tin bo him tr i mc khu tr theo tho thun. Sau cng l xt duyt h s bi thng v thng bo cho khch hng, hon chnh h s trnh ban gim c. Sau khi thng bo ,nu khch hng chp nhn th chuyn cho k ton ti v tr tin bi thng ,nu khng phi tm hiu li v gii quyt cho tho ng. *26 C th ni, cng ty PTI rt cao cng tc gim nh v bi thng cht lng sn phm lun c nng cao. Sau y l cc bc cng tc ch yu v ni dung c th trong cng tc gim nh v bi thng tn tht ca cng ty PTI: Bc 1: Tip nhn v x l thng tin v tn tht Trong bc ny khi nhn c thng bo tn tht ngi c bo him bng cc vn bn (hoc qua in thoi, hoc qua cc ngun tin khc). Cn b cng ty cn nm ngay nhng thng tin cn thit nh: - Tn v a ch ca ngi thng bo tn tht - a im, thi gian xy ra tn tht - Thng tin ban u v hu qu thit hi - nh gi ban u v nguyn nhn tn tht - Cc bin php hn ch tn tht p dng Tuy nhin m bo chnh xc th cng ty phi kim tra thng tin va nhn c qua cc ngun tin khc nh: cng an, chnh quyn s ti, cp ch qun ca n v xy ra tn tht. Sau cc cn b cng ty bo co ngay cho cp lnh o trc tip xut phng n x l hoc ch ng x l thng tin v tn tht vi cc v c phn cp. i vi cc v tn tht c tnh thit hi n 50.000USD cc n v phi bo co ngay vi cng ty bng vn bn. Bc 2: Cng tc gim nh Nu v tn tht xy ra trn a bn thuc n v qun l th:

42

Mt l, n v c cn b gim nh n hin trng ni xy ra tn tht thu thp thng tin v v tn tht, bao gm cc cng vic c th sau: - Ghi chp v thu thp y thng tin, s liu c lin quan n hin trng v tn tht. - Thu thp vt chng v li khai nhn chng. - xut, phi hp vi ngi c bo him v cc c quan chc nng p dng cc bin php cn thit hn ch tn tht. - Thu thp, tham kho kin ca cc bn c lin quan c mt ti hin trng (cnh st PCCC, n v xy ra tn tht, chnh quyn a phng). - Lp bin bn hin trng v tn tht m t chi tit hin trng, s b din bin, d on nguyn nhn, c tnh thit hi. Hai l, vic gim nh c thc hin gm nhng vic sau: - Phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng iu tra, kt lun din bin, nguyn nhn v tn tht. - Thu thp y h s, chng t lin quan n vic xc nh s lng v gi tr ti sn c bo him ti thi im trc khi xy ra tn thtl. - Tin hnh so snh, i chiu gia chng t vi nhng thng tin ti liu thu thp c ti hin trng v tn tht xc nh chnh xc mc thit hi. T lp bin bn gim nh tn tht. - Tuy nhin, i vi nhng v tn tht ln hoc i hi c kin thc chuyn ngnh hoc theo yu cu ca nh ti bo him hoc theo ch o ca cng ty th vic gim nh c th s do mt t chc gim nh c lp thc hin trn c s hp ng gim nh. -Thm quyn k kt v thc hin hp ng gim nh ca cc n v theo mc phn cp bi thng c qui nh c th phn phn cp bi thng. Trong nhng trng hp c th khi cn cng ty c th c cn b gim nh ca cng ty gip cc cng ty tin hnh cng tc gim nh. Nhng cc n v l ngi ch tr v k bin bn gim nh v tn tht . - Trong trng hp cn b gim nh ca PTI khng c mt ti hin trng xy ra v tn tht trong thi hn ghi trong quy tc bo him hoc v l do cp thit phi dn dp hin trng v c quan chc nng th l h s chuyn cho PTI, cn b gim nh v n v c nhim v tm hiu nguyn 43

nhn, din bin v tn tht nu c im no khng r phi xc minh, b xung bng chng c tnh php l cn thit. Bc 3: Lp h s tn tht 1. Trch nhim lp h s Cc n v c trch nhim x l thng tin tn tht v lp h s i vi nhng v tn tht xy ra trn a bn n v mnh ph trch. Cn c tng v vic c th, nu vt phn cp thuc cc n v th cng ty c th c cn b nghip v trc tip gip cc n v lp h s. 2. H s i vi cc tn tht theo n bo him thit b in t bao gm: - Giy yu cu bo him ca ngi c bo him. - Danh mc ti sn c bo him. - Ho n thanh ton ph bo him. - Hp ng bo him hoc giy chng nhn bo him. - Giy thng bo tn tht ca ngi c bo him. - Bn k khai thit hi v cc chng t chng minh thit hi. - Bin bn hin trng ca cc c quan chc nng hoc ca PTI - Cc vn bn, phim nh v ti liu khc c lin quan n v tn tht. - Bin bn gim nh v tn tht ca PTI hoc ca t chc gim nh c lp PTI ch nh hoc do PTI v ngi c bo him tho thun ch nh. - T trnh xut gii quyt bi thng *27 - Thng bo bi thng ca PTI. Bc 4: Th tc xt gii quyt bi thng 1. Phn cp xt gii quyt bi thng . Khi c thng tin v cc v tn tht phi c gii quyt kp thi v bo co y vi cng ty sau khi c cn b n hin trng ni xy ra v tn tht . Ring i vi nhng v tn tht c tnh thit hi n 50.000USD th cc n v phi bo co ngay cng ty ch o kp thi . * Vic phn cp xt gii quyt bi thng nh sau : Cn c xt gii quyt bi thng theo phn cp c qui nh . Cc n v ch ng xt, gii quyt bi thng i vi cc v tn tht thuc mc

44

phn cp ni trn, sau chuyn bn sao h s v cng ty chm nht l 10 ngy k t khi chuyn tin bi thng cho ngi c bo him . Trong qu trnh lp h s nu xt thy chc chn thuc trch nhim bo him ca cng ty bo him Bu in th c th tm ng ti a n 50% ca s tin d kin bi thng cho ngi c bo him to iu kin cho vic n nh sn xut -kinh doanh ca khch hng, nng cao uy tn ca cng ty bo him Bu in trn th trng bo him . * Mi quan h gia cc phng chc nng trong vic xt gii quyt bi thng: - Phng nghip v chu trch nhim trc lnh o n v v vic lp h s, bin bn gim nh, xc nh phm vi trch nhim bo him , xut bi thng v cc cng vic c lin quan n vic gii quyt bi thng (nh t chc thanh l thu hi ph liu, t chc sa cha ti sn b h hi, mua mi ti sn thay th ti sn b tn tht hon ton trong trng hp bi thng bng hin vt...) Phng k ton - ti chnh c trch nhim kim tra tnh hp php ca cc chng t, kim sot gi c tham mu cho lnh o n v gii quyt ng n. 1. Cn c xt bi thng: * Tn tht c thuc phm vi bo him khng? - Khiu ni c thuc phm vi bo him khng? - C iu kin bo him no b vi phm lm v hiu ho hoc thu hp phm vi c bo him ca khiu ni khng? - Xem xt thi hn bo him * Xc nh s tin bi thng cho tn tht - Xc nh thit hi thc t (cn c bin bn gim nh tn tht, h s chng t chng minh tn tht). - S tin bo him (bo him c ng gi tr hay di gi tr) - Mc min bi thng - Phn vt t, ti sn c thu hi cn li sau tn tht, xc nh tr gi. 3. Th tc xt duyt bi thng

45

* Xt duyt + i vi cc v tn tht thuc thm quyn gii quyt cc chi nhnh, vn phng i din. - Cn b gim nh lp phiu xut. - Trng phng nghip v trnh lnh o. - Phng k ton kim tra chng t. - Gim c chi nhnh hoc vn phng i din quyt nh bi thng. - n v gi bn sao h s cho Cng ty thay cho bo co. * i vi cc v tn tht thuc thm quyn gii quyt ca Cng ty: - Trng phng nghip v Chi nhnh hoc vn phng i din trnh gim c Cng ty v chuyn ton b h s v Cng ty. - Phng nghip v v phng k ton Cng ty phi hp theo chc nng quy nh trnh phng n gii quyt bi thng. - Gim c hoc ph gim c ph trch khi quyt nh * i vi cc v tn tht thuc thm quyn gii quyt ca phng nghip v Cng ty: - Cn b gim nh lp phiu xut - Phng k ton kim tra chng t - Khi phng nghip v v phng k ton thng nht th trng phng nghip v k quyt nh bi thng cho ngi c bo him. H s c chuyn cho ph gim c ph trch khi bo co. - Nu c vng mc th bo co ph gim c ph trch khi xem xt quyt nh. Trong trng hp ny bn thng bo bi thng cho ngi c bo him do ph gim c k hoc c thm quyn cho trng phng nghip v k. 4. Thi gian xt bi thng *28 i vi cc v tn tht di 50.000USD theo quy tc ca B ti chnh ban hnh th sau 30 ngy k t khi nhn y h s cng ty s gii quyt xong bi thng cho ngi c bo him. - Phng nghip v xt h s lm t trnh, bin bn gim nh: 7 ngy k t khi nhn h s v trnh lnh o xt. 46

- Chuyn phng k ton xem xt tnh hp php ca chng t: 7 ngy. - Lnh o xt duyt h s ln cui: 7 ngy - Lm thng bo bi thng v ngh khch hng chp thun. i vi cc v tn tht c gi tr n 100.000USD thi gian gii quyt bi thng s ph thuc vo vic c quan gim nh trung gian hoc Cng ty nhn ti tham gia hay khng. 5. Th tc tr tin bi thng Cn c quyt nh bi thng ca ton quc, gim c, ph gim c chi nhnh, vn phng i din, trng phng nghip v. Phng k ton ca cc n v thc hin chuyn ngay tin bi thng cho khch hng. i vi cc v tn tht ca cc khch hng do chi nhnh hoc vn phng i in qun l nhng thuc thm quyn gii quyt ca cng ty vic tr tin bi thng cho ngi c bo him do cc chi nhnh hoc cc vn phng i din thc hin theo u quyn ca cng ty. * Mt s im cn lu i vi nhng trng hp bi thng trn phn cp ca n v: - Sau khi gim c cng ty quyt nh vic bi thng, cc n v c trch nhim thng bo cho khch hng bit quyt nh v bo co kp thi kin ca khch hng vi cng ty. Nu khch hng khng chp nhn th ngh c cng vn khiu ni nu r l do, cung cp thm bng chng... Nu xt thy hp l th cc n v b sung, hon chnh h s, bo co gim c quyt nh iu chnh cho ph hp. - Trc khi tr tin bi thng cho khch hng, yu cu khch hng phi lm th tc chuyn quyn bi thng bn th ba cho PTI (nu pht sinh thm trch nhim). - Cc n v c trch nhim lp h s, thng k tn tht trn a bn v bo co nh k 6 thng vi Cng ty. - Mi vic x l, gii quyt bi thng phi thc hin kip thi, ng tho thun vi khch hng trong hp ng bo him hoc trong Quy tc bo him. Nghim cm vic gy phin h, p dng ch ti mt cch tu tin gy thit hi cho quyn li ca khch hng cng nh quyn li ca cng ty.

47

48

Trn y l mt s bc ch yu trong quy trnh gim nh bi thng ca nghip v bo him thit b in t. *29 Xt tnh hnh thc t qua 4 thng cui nm 1998 v 4 thng u nm 1999 c 3 v tn tht xy ra. Nm 1998 c hai v tn tht, v th nht l tn tht xy ra bu in tnh ng thp vi s tin bi thng l 12,268 (triu ng), v th hai l xy ra ti bu in Ph Yn, s tin bi thng ln ti 210,336 (triu ng). Tng cng s tin phi bi thng nm 1998 l 222,6059 (triu ng). Sang nm 1999 c mt v tn tht xy ra ti bu in tnh Ninh thun s tin m cng ty bi thng l 332,29 (triu ng). c. Cng tc phng v hn ch tn tht : Nu lm tt cng tc ny khng ch mang li hiu qu kinh doanh m cn thc hin c mc tiu cao c l mang li an ton v ti sn, tnh mng cho ngi tham gia bo him lm cho h yn tm trong kinh doanh v n cn th hin s quan tm ca cng ty i vi khch hng. nghip v bo him thit b in t hng nm cng ty PTI trch ra 2% t doanh thu ph bo him lm qu d phng v hn ch tn tht. C th l 4 thng u hot ng ca nm 1998 cng ty trch ra 52,380 (triu ng) v n nm 1999 sau 4 thng u nm cng trch ra mt khon l 66,44 (triu ng). Bn cnh cng ty PTI cn c cn b ging gii cho khch hng cch s cu khi gp ho hon, ngp nc do ma bo nh gim nh m trong phng cha thit b xung di 40%, chuyn cc thit b ra khi mi trng m ti phng cha thch hp v khng c khi ng li thit b . Nhng vic lm trn ca cng ty PTI to dc mi quan h thn thit gia khch hng vi cng ty. ng thi lm gim bt s tin chi ph hng nm bi thng tn tht. Sau y ta xem xt kt qu v hiu qu kinh doanh ca cng ty PTI nghip v bo him thit b in t.

49

*30

Bng 9: Hiu qu v kt qu kinh doanh bo him thit b in t nm 1998 *31 v nm 1999 Ch tiu n v triu vn 4 thng cui nm1998 2.619,000 4 thng u nm1999 3.322,000

1.Tng doanh thu ph bo him thit b in t 2.Chi hot ng -Chi bi thng -Chi hoa hng -Chi d tr tn tht ln - Chi tuyn truyn qung co -Chi ti bo him
-Chi phng hn ch tn tht

-Chi qun l -Chi thu Tng chi 3.C cu chi -Chi bi thng -Chi hoa hng -Chi d tr tn tht ln - Chi v tuyn truyn qung co -Chi ti bo him -Chi phng hn ch tn tht -Chi qun l -Chi thu 4.Tng chi /doanh thu 5.Chnh lch thu chi 6.Hiu qu kinh t -Doanh thu/ gi thnh -Li nhun /gi thnh

triu vn triu vn triu vn triu vn triu vn triu vn triu vn triu vn triu vn

222,605 130,950 225,234 36,666 785,700 52,380 130,950 104,760 1689,245 100 13,17 7,75 13,33 2,17 46,51 3,1 7,75 6,20

332,200 166,100 285,692 46,508 996,600 66,440 166,100 332,200 2.391,840 100 13,89 6,94 11,94 1,95 41,66 2,79 6,94 13,89

% % % % % % % %

% triu vn

64,49 929,775 1,55 0,55

72 930,160 1,388 0,388

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Ngun: Phng Bo him ti sn k thut Cng ty PTI (1) Doanh thu bo him *32 Nhn vo bng 9 ta thy doanh thu bo him thit b in t tng ng k cng vi mt lng thi gian nh nhau sau 2 nm 1998 v 1999 l 703 (triu). c c kt qu nh vy cng ty PTI ni chung v phng bo him ti sn K thut ni ring c gng ht sc khai thc c nhiu n bo him mi, to iu kin tng doanh thu nm sau cao hn nm trc. (2). Chi hot ng : Nhn chung qua bng 9 ta thy cc khon chi hu nh c xu hng tng v s tuyt i. *33 - Trong 4 thng u mi trin khai do phi bi thng 2 v tn tht nn mc chi bi thng l 222,605(triu ng). Sang n nm 1998 li c thm v tn tht l phi bi thng cho bu in tnh Ninh thun s tin l 332,2(triu ng). - Chi hoa hng xt v s tuyt i tng t 130,950 (triu ng) nm1998, n 166,1 (triu ng) nm 1999. Nhng t l hoa hng /tng chi li gim : 4 thng nm 98: 7,75% 4 thng nm 99: 6,94% l do tnh trng hin nay hu ht cc n v bo him TBT m cng ty cp u do cn b nhn vin phng bo him Ti sn -k thut trc tip khai thc m khng phi qua mi gii. y l mt trong nhng thun li ln cho cng ty PTI, nht l nhng thit b c gi tr ln cn phi ti bo him. trong trng hp m phi thng qua mi gii th s hoa hng phi tr cho ngi mi gii i khi rt ln lm gim s li nhun ca cng ty. - Tip n l chi phng hn ch tn tht cng tng c th l nm 1998: l 52,38(triu ng) sang n nm 1999 tng ln l 66,44(triu ng), tuy nhin t l chi li gim xung t nm 1998 l 2,86% n nm 1999 cn 2,79 %.iu ny cng ty PTI cn xem xt li v chi ph phng hn ch tn tht ng mt vai tr ht sc quan trng gp phn nng cao tnh hiu qu kinh doanh hn ch bi thng gim tn tht cho ngi tham gia .

51

- Nhn vo bng 9: Chi d tr tn tht ln tng v s tuyt i nhng li gim v t l chi. C th l nm 1998 s tin chi l 225,234 (triu ng) nhng n nm 1999 tng ln l 285,692 (triu ng) v t l chi gim t 13,33% xung cn 11,94%. L do t l chi ny gim xung l do nm 1999 c cu chi thay i c bit l chi thu c phn tng ln do B ti chnh p dng lut thu gi tr gia tng (VAT). - Chi tuyn truyn qung co: i vi nghip v thit b in t l nghip v mi nhng c c im l nhng n v c loi thit b ny thng tp trung vo mt s khch hng ln. Do vy hnh thc qung co hin nay cng ty Bo him bu in l gii thiu trc tip vi khch hng bng vic pht hnh ti liu hng dn ng thi gii thch t m cho khch hng v loi hnh nghip v ny. Do vy chi ph qung co so vi tng chi cn mc khim tn. C th l qua bng 12 ta thy nm 1998 v s tuyt i chi qung co l 36,666 triu ng. Nhng n nm 1999 th lng chi ny tng ln 46,508 triu ng. Tuy nhin, xt v t l chi li c xu hng gim t 2,17% xung cn 1,95%. iu ny mt phn l do nh hng ca thu VAT nhng cng ty PTI cng cn xem xt li nng t l chi qung co ln mt t l thch hp nhm to iu kin cho vic gii thiu rng ri sn phm ca cng ty cho khch hng bit. Khi c s ng cng chng bit v vai tr v tc dng ca sn phm ny th i tng tham gia bo him thit b in t chc chn s tng ln khng ch trong c ng m cn c ngoi c ng na. - Cng qua bng 9 ta thy chi ti bo him tng v s tuyt i t 785,7(triu ng) nm 1998 ln n 996,6(triu ng) nm 1999. iu ny chng t ph bo him thu c trn mi n ca nm 1999 ln hn ca nm 1998 nn phn chi phi tng ln. Nhng xt v t l chi th li c phn gim xung, nm 1998 t l chi l 46,51% n nm 1999 gim xung cn 41,66%. - Chi qun l cng tng v s tuyt i nhng li gim v s tng i. Nm 1998 chi cho qun l l 130,950(triu ng) sang n nm 1999 chi qun l l 166,1(triu ng) .T l chi gim t 7,75% xung 6,94%. - Cui cng l chi thu. Khon chi ny tng c v s tuyt i ln t l chi v c bit l tng rt nhanh gp hn 3 ln nm trc. C th l nm 52

1998 chi v thu l 104,76 (triu ng) nhng n nm 1999 con s ny tng ln 332,2 (triu ng). V t l chi cng tng t 6,2% ln n 13,89%. Nguyn nhn l do nm 1998 vn p dng thu doanh thu nn mc thu thp (4% doanh thu ph) nhng t ngy 01/01 1999 B ti chnh ban hnh lut thu gi tr gia tng (VAT) vi mc thu cao hnl 10% tnh trn doanh thu ph iu ny lm cho cng ty gp khng t kh khn trong vic chi ph hp l . (4).Xt v t l tng chi/ doanh thu: Nm 1998 t l tng chi /doanh thu mc 64,49% sang n nm 1999 t l ny tng ln 72%. iu ny l do p dng lut thu mi, ng thi l chi bi thng cng tng cao hn nm 1998. (5).Kt qu kinh doanh : *34 Kt qu hot ng kinh doanh ca cng ty l tt, nhn vo bng ch tiu doanh thu tng dn nm 1998 l 2619(triu ng), nm 1999 l 3322(triu ng). Tuy nhin ch tiu li nhun nm 1999 tng khng ln so vi nm 1998 c th l nm 1998 l 929,775 (triu ng) n nm 1999 l 930,160 (triu ng). iu ny c nguyn nhn trc tip t vic chi thu nm 1999 ln hn nhiu so vi chi thu nm 1998 ( gp 3,17 ln ). (6).Hiu qu kinh doanh : Nhn vo ch tiu 6 bng 9 ta thy hiu qu kinh doanh khng c tt lm v c xu hng gim. Nm 1998: Cng ty b ra 1 ng chi ph thu c 1,55 doanh thu Nm 1999: Cng ty b ra 1 ng chi ph thu c 1,388 doanh thu V li nhun: Nm 1998: Cng ty b ra 1 ng chi ph thu c 0,55 li nhun Nm 1999: Cng ty b ra 1 ng chi ph thu c 0,388 li nhun * hiu c su sc hn do u m cng ty c c kt qu tt cng nh nhng vn cn tn ti trong hot ng kinh doanh ca mnh nghip v bo him TBT ta i tm nguyn nhn ca n :

53

Nguyn nhn dn n kt qu trn : Chng ta phi khng nh rng khai thc l khu quan trng hng u trong mi loi hnh bo him ni chung v bo him TBT ni ring .Doanh thu mun t c mc cao tt yu khai thc phi c nhiu bi th ta i tm nguyn nhn cho doanh thu cao cng chnh l tm nguyn nhn t khu khai thc : +Bo him TBT l mt lnh vc hon ton mi m v y trin vng trong tng lai nn cc cn b nhn vin trong cng ty tin tng vo s pht trin ca lnh vc ny t to nn cho h mt ng lc thc y h hng say lm vic, n lc phn u vn ln .H lm vic khng k ngy m ,i khai thc vo mi thi im ... cc cn b nhn vin cng ty lun c gng tm ra nhng phng php tip cn, khai thc mi nht tng thm s khch hng cho mnh. +Cng ty PTI nghin cu sn phm bo him TBT mt cch k lng c c s khoa hc ng thi tin hnh nh gi th trng bo him TBT theo tng th theo tng thnh ph, tnh v khu vc t nm ly th trng, ch no c nhu cu ln nht hin ti, hoc c tim nng ln trong tng lai. ng thi ch ng sng to p dng nhiu phng php khc nhau v kp thi c kt kinh nghim tm ra phng php khai thc hp l nht ,iu ny c th hin: Hng tun cng ty lun hp giao ban vo sng th 2 tho lun kin ngh a ra nhng cch thc,phng php khai thc, tip cn khch hng ph hp nht. +Cng ty PTI tuyn chn v o to cmt i ng nhn vin c trnh , nng lc hu ht c kinh nghim thc t trong nhiu lnh vc khc nhau. Do h rt sng to trong cng vic v lun lun c ch vn ln khc phc mi kh khn, v vy h tm ra nhiu phng php khai thc tt i vi tng i tng khch hng . +Mt im rt quan trng tc ng n kt qu khai thc nghip v ny l u th ca cng ty kinh doanh trong ngnh Bu in nn phn ln cc thit b in t u tp chung vo phm vi khai thc ca cng ty. Hn na cc c ng nh Tng cng ty xy dng, Tng cng ty xut nhp khu, Cng

54

ty ti bo him Vit nam ... c mi quan h rng ri to tin vng chc cho nhng mi quan h lm n lu di ca cng ty . +Nguyn nhn cui cng l c s ch o kp thi ca cng ty, s quyt tm ca ban gim c v s n lc ca phng bo him Ti sn -K thut . *Nhng kh khn ang tn ti : +i tng khch hng tng i hn ch trong giai on u trin khai nghip v (ch mt s n v c khi lng ti sn TBT cao nh i pht thanh v truyn hnh ,Bu in ,bnh vin ...) Cc vn phng lm vic, cc c nhn c s dng mt s TBT (nh my vi tnh , in thoi ,cc thit b vn phng khc ...) hu nh cha c nhu cu bo him cho thit b ca h hoc h ch bo him theo n bo him chy. +Loi hnh bo him ny cn mi m i vi nhiu doanh nghip v thm ch y l loi bo him cn mi m ngay c vi cc cn b khai thc cc a phng vng su vng xa ... Hn na loi hnh bo him ny tng i phc tp, phm vi bo him rt rng, cc cn b a phng cn c thi gian nghin cu k cc ti liu hng dn ca cng ty. V th h t nhiu c tm l ngi khai thc loi hnh bo him ny, m ch thch khai thc cc nghip v quen thuc nh bo him chy, bo him hng ho xut nhp khu... Mt l do khc na l, vic iu tra ri ro trc khi chp nhn bo him v iu tra nh gi tn tht khi c khiu ni theo n bo him TBT phc tp hn rt nhiu so vi n bo him chy v th bn thn cng ty PTI cng rt thn trng khi cho php cc a phng cp n bo him ny . +V n bo him ny bo him rt nhiu ri ro nn ng nhin ph bo him phi cao hn n bo him chy .V d cng mt i tng ri ro th n bo him chy c th t 0.2% n 0,3% nhng theo n bo him TBT c th ln n 0,4%n 0,6% hoc c th cao hn .T m mt s c quan, doanh nghip cha nhn thc c chnh xc nhng ri ro in hnh i vi bo him TBT ca h cng vi nhng nhn thc v bo him cn hn ch khin h quyt nh mua nhng loi bo him khc vi s ph t hn nhm "tit kim" c chi ph .

55

+ Phn ln cc n v c khi lng ti sn ln u l n v nh nc, mt s cc n v lin quan n chuyn ti thng tin vn cn ch bao cp ca nh nc ,khi thit b m hng hc th c trang b ngay ci khc (v vic duy tr mng thng tin lin lc lin quan n an ninh quc gia). V vy thc mua bo him t bo v mnh ca nhng n v ny rt km . +Cui cng l c s h tng ca Vit nam cn qu km ,khi lng cc thit b c th bo him theo n bo him TBT l rt t .Thm ch c nhng n v nghe tn tng khi lng TBT ca h phi rt ln nhng thc t ch c khong vi t ng (v d nh I pht thanh v truyn hnh cc huyn )

56

Phn III MT S KIN XUT NHM NNG CAO CHT LNG NGHIP V BO HIM THIT B IN T CNG TY PTI
I. TRIN VNG V TH TRNG IN T TIN HC V PHNG HNG TRIN KHAI NGHIP V BO HIM THT B IN T CA CNG TY BO HIM BU IN

Trong cuc cch mng khoa hc k thut th k ti, khoa hc thng tin tip tc pht trin mau l v c ng dng rng ri . Cc nh khoa hc cho rng s pht trin mau chng ca my tnh in t, ca thng tin lin lc s ni lin cc nc trn th gii, s tr thnh mng ti nguyn thng tin ph khp tan cu . Theo d bo ca cc nh khoa hc n nm 2005 s h dng hm th in t s t ti trn 800 triu h . Mt khc v tuyn truyn hnh c pht qua v tinh lm cho ngi xem cm thy r nt v trung thc mc d l nhng thng tin cch xa hng vn km . Mng in thoi di ng v in thoi hin hnh, h thng thng tin cng cng, h thng ng dy nng phc v thng nghip ni lin lm thnh mt khng gian v tr hon ton mi". *35 Ngy nay hot ng kinh t tr nn v cng phc tp, khng ch c trao i hng ho thng thngm kinh t ngy nay ph thuc vo s trao i thng tin . Tht vy, s ra i v ln mnh ca khng gian in t lm ngi ta c th thng qua nhng cuc hi tho in t tham gia cc hi ngh v nghip v . Cc bu kin in t thay th mau chng bu kin truyn thng . Trn mn hnh ca my tnh tnh ti nh c th nhn c cc tit mc vui chi, cc cuc u bng, cc tit mc gii tr chn xem . Thng qua mng vin thng c th tip thu nhng bi ging ca cc gio s u t, s chn on v iu tr ca cc chuyn gia hng u, tho mn v hng dn mua bn v sm sa cc dng c gia nh, y ht nh n vn phng giao dch, n nh ht, n bnh vin v ca hng mua bn . Theo d tnh n nm 2015, Ti vi mn hnh rng v mng c nt cao s c ch nghim thnh cng, c th treo ln tng ging nh mt bc tranh . Thc t cng ty Motorolla (M) phng 66 h thng v tinh v cc h thng v tinh ny m bo cc c nhn c th ni chuyn thun li vi bt c ai trn tri t, chuyn mt lin lcs tr thnh chuyn lch s . 57

Trn y l mt vi minh ho cho tim nng v vai tr ca thng tin lin lc trong thi gian ti. Qua ta c th thy rng trong thi gian ti chc chn bo him thit b in t Vit nam rt c trin vng. V vy ta phi nh gi c tim nng th trng v d bo c tng lai pht trin ca th trng ta mi c th c c nhng la chn v p dng ng c cc phng n maketing v bn sn phm thch hp t mi t c mc ch cui cng l pht trin sn phm c v s lng v cht lng . t c mc ch trc ht ta phi c cc d kin thch hp tnh ton c tim nng th trng v d bo pht trin trong tng lai. Nhng d kin l: d kin v th trng bo him thit b in t, th trng bo him t xc nh c ph thu tim nng i vi cc sn phm bo him thit b in t . *36 sau : Ph thu tim nng = Tng gi tr thit b in t lp t * T l ph Mc ch nghin cu th trng thit b in t l ly s liu vi cc tham s tui th trung bnh ca cc thit b ta s suy ra c tng khi long thit b in t lp t t y vi cc d kin bit v th trng bo him Vit nam c th suy ra c t l cc thit b in t c th tham gia bo him thit b in t, vi t l ph trung bnh, ta d dng tnh ton c tim nng th trng v mt l thuyt (ph tim nng). Theo tp ch Tin hc cho bit : Nhiu gia nh Vit nam hin nay c nhu cu mua my tnh c nhn lm vic v hc tp. ng thi do vic pht trin cng ngh mng din rng, mng internet v intranet lm cho vn phng lm vic c th c ng c, s ngi ho mng ngy cng tng .Khi cc c quan, cng ty trin khai d n ln v cng ngh thng tin th cng vic ca h ngy cng gn b vi kho thng tin. Do tnh hnh hin nay tip tc y cu cng ngh thng tin ln cao na. tnh c ph thu tim nng c th da vo cng thc

58

*37

Bng 10 : S my tnh hin c Vit nam t nm 1993 n 1998

Nm My tnh (chic)

1993 22500

1994 38000

1995 60000

1996 93000

1997 139500

1998 299000

*38 T bng trn ta thy s my tnh c s dng ngy cng nhiu . Hn na khng ch c lnh vc my tnh, m trong nhng nm va qua ngnh Bu chnh Vin thng c kt qu pht trin mng li rt kh quan : tnh n cui nm 1997 mt in thoi trn 100 dn tng 9,5 ln, s my in thoi tng 6 ln, sn lng in thoi ng di trong nc tng 45, ln sn lng in thoi quc t tng 16 ln so vi nm 1991 v gp phn to ra mt h thng c s h tng vin thng kh ton din vi cng ngh mi theo hng s ho, t ng ho ngang tm vi cc nc trong khu vc: *39
Cc ch tiu 1. Mt in thoi VT my/ 100 dn my

Bng 11: Bng tng hp v kt qu pht trin mng li

1991 0,21 1992 0,26 1993 0,39 1994 0,64 1995 0,64 1996 1,56 1997 2,0

2. My in thoi

139.00 0 32,2

181.000

273.000

472.000

774.910

1077820

1493820

3. Sn lng in thoi ng di trong nc 4. Sn lng in thoi quc t 5. S knh quc t i

triu pht

119,3

234,6

449,0

760

860

1442

triu pht knh

8,1

14,3

19,9

32,8

44,5

51,7

52,6

409

659

950

1647

2972

4171

5000

6. S huyn c tng i in t 7. S tnh c tng i in t s 8.Tng s x c my in thoi

huyn h tnh 7/53

92

200

381

495

100%

100%

27/53

53/53

53/53

53/53

63/63

63/63

780

1018

1603

3914

5115

6000

6600

59

Ngun: Tp ch Bu chnh vin thng nm 1997

60

*40
Tn nh u t nc ngoi

Bng 12: Cc hp ng hp tc kinh doanh nhm xy dng v khai thc mng in thoi c nh ti Vit Nam
Nh khai thc Vit Nam VNPT Ngy k cam kt hp ng hp tc kinh doanh 1994 c chp thun 1996 1997 1998 S ng Khu vc S vn pha nc ngoi gp (triu USD) 40

Korea Telecom Hn quc

40.000

Qung Ninh, Hi Phng, Hi Dng TP HCM TP HCM, H Ni

France Php Telstra c

Telecom

VNPT VNPT

540.000 Hn 35.000 ng ni ht ng di v quc t 240.000 250.000

467 >150

NTTI Nht Cable & Wireless Anh

VNPT VNPT

1997 H 1998

H Ni H Ni

194,4 204

Ngun: BWCS - Tp ch Bu chnh vin thng 2/1999 Ngoi lnh vc v my tnh v bu chnh vin thng th cc lnh vc khc nh thit b y t, thit b thng tin lin lc v rada, thit b t ng s ngy mt pht trin hn. Nh vy r rng l tim nng ca th trng thit b in t l rt to ln. c ci nhn c th hn ta c th tham kho nghin cu ti liu ca Bo vit v c tnh tng gi tr lp t t nhng nm 1993 - 1997 nh sau: Bng 13: Tng gi tr lp t t nm 1993-1997 n v tnh: 1000USD
Chng loi thit b in t EDP TB vn phng TB t ng TB y t Nm 1993 1994 72.9000 6.561 13.122 7.290 14.580 1995 81.000 16.200 8.100 16.200 1996 90.000 18.000 9.000 18.000 1997 100.000 20.000 10.000 20.000 Tng cng 343.900 54.200 40.951 81.902

61

TB TTLL, ra a TB vin thng Tng

19.683 26.244

21.870 29.160

24.300 32.400

27.000 36.000

30.000 40.000

122.853 163.804 807.610

Ngun: S liu Bo vit H Ni *41 Hin nay tng s lp t cc thit b m c th bo him theo n bo him thit b in t chim 15%. ng thi p dng t l ph theo th trng i vi cc thit b trn ta c: - Ph i vi EDP - Ph thit b vn phng - Ph vin thng - Ph thit b thng tin lin lc - Ph thit b y t - Ph thit b t ng : 0,35% : 0,7% : 0,40% : 0,6% : 0,75% : 0,45%

T y ta c th tnh c tng s ph tim nng thu c t nghip v bo him thit b in t Vit Nam l: Ph tim nng = Tng gi tr lp t x 15% x t l ph = 566.090USD (tng ng vi 6793.000.000VN) n thng 5/1998 ring Bo vit H Ni mi khai thc c 578.051.000 VN tc l mi khai thc c 8,5% th trng (578.051.000/6.793.000.000). *42 iu ny chng t th trng bo him thit b in t cn b ng do cng ty PTI cn a ra phng n thit thc khai thc ti a tim nng th trng. Phng hng trin khai nghip v bo him thit b in t thi gian ti ca Cng ty PTI: Cng ty bo him PTI v s trin khai cc sn phm sau: my mc vn phng, thit b x l d liu in t, cc thit b truyn thanh truyn hnh, cc thit b vin thng, cc thit b kim tra o c v t ng, cc thit b in t s dng trong y t, cc thit b in t trong cc ngnh cng nghip khc. Sau y l nhng phng hng trin khai ca cng ty PTI i vi tng loi hnh thit b ny trong tng lai.

62

* Bo him cho cc thit b my tnh *43 Theo kinh nghim t nc ngoi v bo him thit b in t, vic pht trin sn phm qua h thng i l l cc hng sn xut v cung cp thit b in t l rt quan trng, Vit Nam hin nay c cc i l nh: FPT, ACER, IBM, Lc vit... Tt c cc i l my tnh trn c th lm trung gian cho cng ty bo him thu ph v khi c s c tn tht xy ra i vi cc thit b th cng ty bo him s bi thng cho ngi tham gia thng qua cc i l ny. Nu lm oc iu ny th cng ty bo him PTI s rt nhn v mi cng vic lin quan n ngi tham gia cc i l c cc i l x l ri, ng thi ngi c bo him cng rt tin li v ch lin h vi 1 ngi khi c tn tht. Hin nay mc d cng ty PTI cha p dng c ngay nhng cn c tng qua kinh nghim t nc ngoi pht trin sn phm ny. * Bo him cc thit b vn phng khc: C th ta cng s khai thc nghip v thng qua cc i l cung cp sn phm. Hoc l s khai thc trc tip ti cc vn phng lm vic nc ngoi v cc bn lin doanh, ni c khi lng thit b vn phng mang gi tr ln v thc bo him cao. * Cc i truyn hnh trung ng v a phng: Nhng c quan ny c khi lng ti sn thit b in t ln, hin ti cng ty PTI mi khai thc uc mt phn nh. V vy trong thi gian ti cn khai thc ti a mng ny. Nu h tham gia theo n bo him chy th cng ty cn thuyt phc chuyn dn sang bo him theo n bo him thit b in t v phm vi bo him rng hn, khch hng c bo v tt hn, v pha cng ty cng tng doanh thu ph hn. * Bo him thit b vin thng, thng tin lin lc: Hin nay thit b vin thng v thng tin c u t tng ng k. V vy khai thc c nhng thit b ny s l iu kin tin quyt cho cng ty tng c th phn ca mnh nghip v bo him thit b in t. Mt trong nhng thit b vin thng quan trng nht Vit Nam hin gi l h thng v tinh, do cng ty PTI cng phi hp vi cng ty bo him GroupamaGAN ca Php t chc hi tho trin khai nghip v ny. Ngy 12/5/1999 cng ty PTI v i din ca tng cng ty bu chnh vin thng (VNPT), 63

VINASAT, B Ti chnh v Cng ty ti bo him quc gia Vit Nam (VINARE) ti d hi tho trao i kinh nghim v k thut ca nc ngoi trong vic thc hin bo him v tinh ca cng ty PTI.
II. KIN NGH:

Nghip v bo him thit b in t l nghip v hon ton mi m khng ch i vi ngi tham gia bo him m cn c i vi cn b ca cng ty PTI. Do bc u trin khai hot ng tt nhin l s gp rt nhiu kh khn. Cng ty mi hot ng c hn 8 thng, nghip v ny cng ty khai thc kh thnh cng so vi ton b cc sn phm khc ca cng ty, em li c kt qu ng ch , song bn cnh nhng thnh qu vn ang tn ti mt s vn , chnh n l nhng vng mc c th l nguyn nhn cn tr s pht trin ca cng ty. Khc phc nhng kh khn y c th gip cng ty pht trin nghip v ny trn th trng Vit nam mt cch mnh m .L mt sinh vin thc tp ti cng ty PTI, sau mt thi gian nghin cu v tm hiu vic trin khai nghip v bo him thit b in t, vi mong mun gp phn nng cao cht lng nghip v bo him thit b in t hiu qu kinh doanh ngy cng tt hn, em xin a ra mt s kin ngh sau : 1-V cng tc khai thc : khai thc c hiu qu cng ty nn ch vo nhng vn nh : 1.1.Vn tuyn truyn qung co : *44 Tuyn truyn qung co l b phn quan trng ca marketing bo him nhm gii thiu rng ri hot ng ca cc nghip v bo him cho khch hng bit ng thi lm cho h thy li ch ca vic tham gia cc nghip v bo him ny t ch bng quan, do d chuyn sang quyt nh tham gia nhng nghip v bo him mi ca cng ty nh nghip v bo him thit b in t. tuyn truyn qung co c hiu qu cao cn tin hnh c t chc, ch huy thng nht, trnh nhng thiu st, lng ph c th xy ra. i vi nghip v bo him thit b in t th phng tin qung co c th l cc t ri, ti liu hng dn nghip v bo him thit b in t, km theo Bn cu hi kim giy yu cu bo him... Nhng ti liu ny nn a n tn tay khch hng h tm hiu c nhng ch li ca vic tham gia. *45 Ngoi vic tuyn truyn qung co v nng cao uy tn ca cng ty, bng mi cch cng ty phi lun gi c mi quan h gn b vi cc 64

khch hng truyn thng ca cng ty nh: Bu in, i truyn hnh... v vi cc chnh quyn a phng c bin php kin quyt hn trong vic n c cc n v tham gia bo him . Mt yu t na tng l n gin nhng mang mt yu t quyt nh n thnh cng ca khu khai thc l :cn b nhn vin i khai thc khng nhng phi thng tho v nghip v m cn phi c dng v b ngoi cn i, a nhn, ni nng hot bt nhanh nhn to cho khch hng c cm tnh v cm gic thoi mi. *46 Nn chng cng ty PTI c nhng ti tr cho cc s kin vn ho th thaov ng gp x hi . Nhng hot ng ny nhm mc ch khng ch to s nhn thc v cng ty m cn lm tng thm mi thin cm ca cng chng i vi cc sn phm ca cng ty. Thng qua cc hot ng ti tr, cng ty PTI to ra mi quan h tng h cho mi trng kinh doanh c thun tin hn . Hot ng ti tr ca cng ty nn nhm vo nhng chng trnh ln gy ting vang tt, cc hot ng vn ho thanh nin c quan tm nhiu hn v y l th h tng lai c nhn thc nhanh chng . ng thi cng nn ti tr cho cc hot ng ca nhc v vn ho, cc s kin th thao v cc hot ng x hi khc nh qu hc bng cho hc sinh, sinh vin ti cac trng i hc, ng gp cc hot ng gy qu h tr ti nng tr . *47 Hot ng ti tr nu c thc hin tt th chc chn n s l mt phn lm cho tn tui ca cng ty PTI c nhiu ngi bit n . l phn thng t pha cng chng dnh cho cng ty PTI m khng phi cng ty no cng c c. 1.2. M rng i tng tham gia Cng ty PTI nn c chnh sch m rng i tng tham gia bo him thit b in t v hin nay s lng khch hng tham gia bo him hu ht l nm trong c ng, m ch yu l thuc Tng cng ty Bu chnh Vin thng Vit nam . Chng ta c th ng l do mi thnh lp nn vic xm nhp th trng l iu rt kh khn, hn na bc u chng ta cn khai thc ht i tng tham gia trong c ng cng l mt c gng ln ri. Thc t l theo nh s liu v i tng tham gia bo him thit b in t ca cng ty PTI

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th tt c u thuc phm vi trong c ng. y l iu d hiu, bi cng ty PTI khi cho hng cc sn phm ca mnh th ban u do cng chng cn cha hiu ht tng tn v cng ty, nn i tng tham gia a s ch thuc cc lnh vc m nm trong c ng nh: bo him thit b in t thuc Tng cng ty Bu chnh Vin thng Vit nam, bo him xy dng lp t thuc VINACONEX v cng ty xy dng H Ni. Tuy nhin v lu di t c mc tiu li nhun cao v doanh thu ln th cng ty PTI cn c mt chin lc m rng phm vi kinh doanh ca mnh. Tht vy, khi c kinh nghim v mi quan h rng ri vi khch hng th cng ty PTI mt mt phi gi c lng khch hng truyn thng ng thi phi mnh dn tn cng vo th trng tim nng nm ngoi c ng ca cng ty. Mun lm c iu ny th trc ht cng ty PTI phi mnh v ti chnh, uy tn vi khch hng v c i ng nhn vin gii, s phc v nhit tnh, chu o khi chc chn l vic ginh c khch hng t i th cnh tranh s khng cn kh khn nh hin nay na. Kt qu l th phn ca cng ty trn th trng s c tng ln v do v th ca cng ty ngy cng ln mnh tim lc tn ti v pht trin trong mt mi trng m v cnh tranh quyt lit ca th trng bo him Vit nam. 1.3. Khai thc theo phng thc "vt du loang" Trong khu khai thc, i vi cc t chc, c quan, cng ty... th nn khai thc theo "vt du loang". iu ny c ngha l khi quan h vi cc t chc, c quan, cng ty... nhn vin khai thc nn tip xc trc tip bng mi cch khi dy nhu cu mua bo him ngay t lnh o t chc . V kt qu l khi lnh o quyt nh mua th hu nh cc t chc, c quan cp di cng s mua theo. Cng ty PTI cn ch n vic nhc nh cc nhn vin i khai thc khng bao gi c lm pht cc cn b lnh o ca cc t chc c quan bi v khi xy ra iu ny cng c ngha l ta b mt mt khch hng v kh c th khi dy h tip tc tham gia trong tng lai. 1.4. p dng hnh thc khuyn mi: Nn chng cng ty c th thm cc hnh thc khuyn mi thch hp i vi cc t chc, c quan c gi tr bo him ln ng thi cng ty nn c khon hoa hng hp l hp dn cho khch hng,ngi gii thiu mi gii dch 66

v ginh khch hng v gi mi quan h lu di .Vi cc hnh thc nh vy c th khuyn khch ngi tham gia nhiu hn to cho cng ty c c nhiu khch hng hn vi s tin bo him ln hn . 1.5. Qun l hp ng Vi s lng hp ng ngy mt nhiu nhng ngc li s lng cn b qun l hp ng nh hin nay cha tng thm nn c nhng vt v i vi s cn b ny. Do vic qun l nhiu lc cha khoa hc, cn ln xn gy ra tr ngi khi truy tm hp ng cn thit . Cc i tng tham gia cc tnh xa cha kp thi gi h s v cng ty a vo lu tr nhm trnh tnh trng tht lc mt mt .Thc t c trng hp cng ty gi cng vn giy t n cc i tng tham gia bo him cc tnh xa th b tht lc do gy kh khn cho c hai bn trong vic truy cp ti liu khi cn thit . *48 cng tc qun l hp ng c hon thin hn, m ng ng ngha ca vic qun l th nht thit cng ty phi qun trit c vn ny. C th ni rng trong khu khai thc c nhiu vn cn phi gii quyt v gii quyt bng nhiu bin php khc nhau, iu c bn l chng ta phi bit la chn bin php no thch hp nht, ph hp vi tnh hnh thc t ca cng ty ang trong thi k khi dng, trnh tnh trng p dng nhiu bin php phi thc t a n cho cng ty nhng sai lm nghim trng m kh c th khc phc c . Trn y l mt s bin php trong khu khai thc vi hy vng c th a n mt tnh hung tt hn cho cng ty nhm gy uy tn, chim lnh phn th trng . 2-Cng tc gim nh v bi thng 2.1.Khu gim nh : *49 Thi gian hot ng ca cng ty cng nh nghip v bo him thit b in t cha lu, cc tn tht xy ra rt t do cng vic gim nh cha thc s tr thnh kinh nghim, cha c mt phng ring bit qun l vn ny. Song trong qu trnh hot ng lu di, s hp ng bo him thit b in t tng ln m nht l trong cc ma ma bo sp ti th cc ri 67

ro xy ra chc chn ngy cng nhiu ln v lc ny ny sinh nhng tiu cc t pha ngi tham gia nhm trt ht mi ri ro sang cho bo him thit b in t. Nu nh cng ty khng c i ng cn b c nng lc, c kinh nghim nhm tm ra s tht th cng ty khng th trnh khi nhng khon chi tr, bi thng phi l. Bi th khi xt v kha cnh ny cng ty nn xy dng mt i ng gim nh lim khit, lm vic y nng lc c th pht hin ra c mi m mu, th on ca ngi tham gia tm ra s tht, em li quyn li cho ngi tham gia v m bo tnh hnh kinh doanh cho cng ty . Trc mi n bo him thit b in t c gi tr ln cng ty cn phi c cn b i ti lm cng tc nh gi ri ro t mi bit c cc nguy c, s an ton v trch nhim vi mi trng v s m bo. iu ny khng nhng gip cng ty PTI nhn bo him an ton, hiu qu m thng qua bn bo co gim nh do cc nhn vin iu tra ri ro son tho, h c th nm vng cc him ho ni ti ca dn v ri ro cng nh nhng nguy c o c c lin quan n n v ri ro . 2.2.Khu bi thng: Cng ty phi lun quan tm ti khch hng v tht chu o khi gii quyt bi thng th mi duy tr c uy tn lu di ca mnh. Lm tt cng tc bi thng l mt bin php tuyn truyn qung co hu hiu nht trong hot ng kinh doanh ca cng ty. lm tt cng tc ny yu cu phi nhanh chng tr tin bi thng khi tn tht xy ra nhm khc phc ri ro cho ngi tham gia bo him. Cui cng cn gim bt cc th tc giy t, h s chng cc hin tng gy kh khn cho khch hng. Ni n vn ny thc ra tn ti mt s cng ty do mt s nhn vin i bn bo him, khi thu ph bo him th cc k chu o, nim n song n khi khch hng v mt l do no v ti chnh m ngi ta khng th tham gia c na hoc gii quyt bi thng cho h t ra nhng thi khng nhit tnh, chu o khin cho khch hng c n tng khng tt t uy tn ca cng ty i vi h hon ton khng cn na v s ko theo rt nhiu khch hng trc y rt mun tham gia bo him cng ty PTI thy c iu cng chn nn, iu ny nh hng ti vic m rng i tng tham gia trong tng lai. c bit trong vn ny ta nn ch trng hn na 68

v vic gii quyt quyn li bo him cho khch hng trnh gy kh d cho ngi ta, m phi lm sao cho vic gii quyt quyn li ging nh khi ta thu ph khai thc phi chu o nim n mi c c hi tt cho cng ty trong tng lai. 3. Cng tc phng v hn ch tn tht phng v hn ch tn tht khng ch l trch nhim m cn l quyn li ca cng ty PTI. Nu lm tt khu ny, s v tn tht s gim i v do gim c s tin chi tr bi thng cho cc i tng tham gia bo him thit b in t. i vi nghip v bo him thit b in t, cng ty PTI thc hin cng tc phng v hn ch tn tht ngay t khi mi trin khai nghip v. Tuy nhin do mi trin khai nn cn c nhiu vn cha lm c y v trit . V vy theo kinh nghim ca nc ngoi c mt s bin php phng v hn ch tn tht tt hn l: *50 - Phi thng bo v h tr cho ngi tham gia bo him v cc iu kin an ton nh thit b chng st, chng chy v iu kin mi trng xung quanh ni t cc thit b in t. - Khi c s c xy ra cn c cch s cu kp thi sau mi loi tn tht : * i vi thit hi do chy cn phi : - Gim m trong phng xung di 40% - Di chuyn phn m t bn trng v mang chng ra khi phng - Di chuyn thit b in t ra khi mi trng chy ti mt phng cha thch hp.
*51

- Khng c khi ng li thit b . *52 - Khng c bt bt c my iu ho hoc qut vng va chy . * i vi thit hi do nc cn phi : - Ngay lp tc tt thit b in t (ngun cung cp ,c qui) - Mang thit b ti vng kh - Gim m xung di 40% hoc dng my ht m . - Lm kh thit b vi nhit ti a l 500C -Khng c khi ng li thit b in t ch n khi c chuyn gia kim tra . 69

* i vi thit hi do bi cng nghip : - Ngay lp tc tt thit b nhy cm v bi - Trnh xa hot ng thit b vi bi - Loi b ngun bi - Thay i my lc khng kh . Tm li, d thc hin vic phng v hn ch tn tht theo phng php no i chng na th hng nm cng ty cn phi chi ra mt khon tin thch hp trong tng s ph bo him thu c. Cc bin php ny s hn ch mc ca tn tht v gim bt thi gian ngng vic . 4-Cng tc t chc cn b v o to Hin nay trnh ca cn b cn c nng cao bi v trc tnh hnh th trng bo him Vit nam ngy cng pht trin vic b xung thm cn b ,o to, nng cao nghip v chuyn mn l iu ht sc cn thit nh vy mi hy vng chng chi i vi i th cnh tranh. *53 Hn na i vi nghip v bo him thit b in t l mt loi hnh bo him k thut nn ngoi kin thc chuyn mn v bo him, cn b nhn vin ph trch nghip v ny cn phi hiu bit r v thit b in t nu khng mun ni l ch yu am hiu v cc bin pho s cu sau khi ho hon, l lt... Nu nh cn b gii v nghip v th chng nhng thc hin mt cch nhanh chng, tri chy m cn khi khch hng thc mc, yu cu gii thch cn b c th gii p mt cch r rng d hiu to nim tin cho khch hng. Mt khc, c nghip v gii, c trnh ngoi ng thng tho th cng ty mi d dng thm nhp th trng nhanh chng, trc tip tn km, khng phi thng qua con ng mi gii. Mt khc, nh trnh by phn trn cng ty bo him Bu in l mt cng ty mi trin khai hot ng, do vy ph hp vi mc tiu pht trin lu di v to thm li th cnh tranh, cng ty bo him Bu in cn phi quan tm n vn o to v tuyn dng i ng nhn vin. Trong thi i ngy nay, s pht trin nhanh chng ca khoa hc cng ngh lm thay i c trng ca lao ng, mi mt nhn vin, cn b cn phi c cp nht thm thng tin mi nht lm ch c tnh hnh, lun sng 70

sut trong kinh doanh v nhn nhn c mc tiu ca cng ty hin ti cng nh trong tng lai. Khi cng ty ngun nhn lc tinh thng v nghip v, linh hot trong kinh doanh lun to c nim tin cho khch hng th nht nh yu t v hnh ny s lm nn c li th cnh tranh vng chc cho cng ty . Tuy nhin, khng phi c a ra ni dung ca vic o to, tuyn dng m cng ty s c c nhng cnh tay c lc cho mnh, m cng ty bo him Bu in cn phi xy dng mt chnh sch tuyn dng mi ngay t u, thu ht nhng cn b tr c o to cc trng i hc c cht lng tt, mt khc, phi khuyn khch hc tp gip nhng cn b qun l c nng lc thng xuyn c b xung thm kin thc l lun kt hp vi thc tin thng qua cc bui hi tho gia cng ty v cc i tc nc ngoi hc hi thm c nhng kinh nghim kinh doanh ca h. ng thi cc nhn vin trong cng ty cng cn phi c i hc cc kho hc ngn hn cc trng i hc trong v ngoi nc. i vi cn b gim nh nghip v bo him thit b in t, y l nghip v cn mi m, bi vy cng ty c th tuyn dng cn b k thut c o to chuyn ngnh hoc l trc mt gim bt chi ph qun l chng ta c th thu gim nh t bn ngoi cho tn km. Nhng v lu di cho khch hng tin tng vo s vng mnh ca cng ty v cht lng sn phm c nng cao cng ty bo him Bu in nn c mt i ng gim nh trung thc v gii v chuyn mn. *54 i vi vic sp xp cn b, cng ty bo him Bu in cn ch ti i ng tr c nng lc, mnh dn sp xp h vo cc v tr qun l. V tuyn dng nhn vin mi, cng ty bo him Bu in kin quyt phi thng qua thi tuyn. ng thi, cng ty PTI cng ch ti vic thu ht nhn ti t cng ty bo him khc v mt l do no mun chuyn v cng ty bo him Bu in. 5. Cng tc ti chnh, k ton, tin hc v qun tr : Cng ty PTI mi thnh lp do c nhng khon chi tiu c phn cha hp l do vy cng ty cn kp thi iu chnh li cho ph hp vi tnh hnh thc t.Cng ty tng cng cng tc tiu chun ho chi ph ,cng tc kim ton ni b nng cao hiu qu kinh doanh, nh k hng tun kim tra tnh hnh s dng ho n, hng thng kim tra k hoch thu ph ca cn b khai thc. Bn cnh th cn b tin hc ang thiu ngi, thc t l cc cn b 71

nhn vin trong cng ty kim lun c chc nng v tin hc trong cng vic ca mnh, iu ny tit kim c chi ph tuy nhin i lc cng rt cn nhng nhn vin c trnh chuyn mn v tin hc gii gii quyt nhng vic phc tp m cng vic trong cng ty i hi. Trc ttnh hnh mi ny th cng tc ti chnh k ton, tin hc v qun tr cng cn c hon thin, i mi v nng cp hn na th mi c th p ng c yu cu. C th l cng ty cn kp thi ban hnh cc vn bn hng dn cc phng ban, i l v vic thc hin chi tiu, cc ch chi hoa hng i vi cc i l, lp k hoch v lm bo co quyt ton. ng thi cng ty cng nn tng cng thm cn b tin hc c trnh cao p ng nhu cu qun l ca cng ty. 6. Ph bo him Trong bo him, ph bo him lun l vn nhy cm i vi c ch th trng, mt t l ph bo him thch hp va bo m quyn li cho cng ty bo him va c th thu ht c s tham gia ng o ca khch hng. Ph bo him do ngi c bo him ng chnh l s ng gp ca ngi c bo him vo qu chung chia x ri ro. S ng gp ny cn phi cng bng v phi phn nh c mc nguy c ri ro m ngi c bo him mang n cho qu chung. Ni cch khc, ph bo him phi :

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* Bi thng cc khiu ni d tnh trong sut thi gian bo him Cng ty PTI cn c nhim v c tnh mc bi thng c th pht sinh. Khng th a ra con s chnh xc v s tin s thanh ton cho cc khiu ni nhng nh nhng s liu lin quan, cng ty bo him PTI c th nh gi tng i chnh xc chi ph bi thng. * c tnh v khiu ni cha gii quyt Khng phi l mi khiu ni u c gii quyt trong nm thanh ton ph bo him. V vy, ph bo him cng cn tnh n nhng khiu ni s c gii quyt vo cui nm do Cng ty PTI cn lu n iu ny khi tnh ph. * Cung cp mt khon d phng Cng ty PTI cng phi tnh n trng hp ngu nhin ngoi tm kim sot v c lin quan n trch nhim ca cng ty i vi vic p ng cc khiu ni mt thi im no trong tng lai. gii quyt vn ny, cng ty PTI phi trch np nhng khon d phng. * B p chi ph hot ng kinh doanh Cng ty PTI phi chi mt s tin nht nh cho cc hot ng kinh doanh, bao gm: - Lng ca nhn vin - Chi ph vn phng di mi hnh thc - Chi ph qung co - Chi hoa hng Ph bo him thu c t mi hp ng bo him phi p ng cho cc chi ph hot ng ny. * em li li nhun Cng ty PTI cng phi bo m rng ph bo him phi em li mt khon li nhun hp l. Ngoi ra cng ty cn phi chu trch nhim gia cc c ng v phi to ra mt khon li nhun hp l cho vic u t ca cc c ng vo cng ty.

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Tuy nhin, c c mc ph bo him a ra cho khch hng, khng ch n thun l vic tnh ph bo him chnh xc bng mt cng thc ton hc, m cn phi cn nhc ti c nhng yu t thng mi. Bao gm: * Lm pht: Cng ty PTI cn nhn thc r rng, gi tr ca ng tin lun thay i, ph bo him thu ngy hm nay s c s dng bi thng khiu ni xy ra trong tng lai. iu ny c ngha l chi ph gii quyt khiu ni c th tng khng phi do s gia tng khiu na m n gin ch l do gi tr ng tin gim xung, do vy cng ty PTI cng khng th b qua yu t ny khi tnh ph bo him. * Li sut: Cng ty PTI l ngi u t qu. Nhng qu ny cng to ra thu nhp u t ng k nui sng cng ty. S thay i trong li sut cng cn c ch khi tnh ph bo him. * Cnh tranh: Yu t thng mi cui cng l cnh tranh. Khng phi trn th trng ch c duy nht mt cng ty bo him, do cnh tranh din ra ngy cng gay gt. Vic tnh ph bo him qu cao c th dn n mt dch v nhng nu tnh ph bo him qu thp s dn n thua l. Nn chng cng ty cn tit kim cc chi ph trong c cu chi. c bit l chi bi thng, nu cng ty lun c thc xy dng tt cc bin php phng, hn ch tn tht cho khch hng ng thi khi tn tht xy ra cn c bin php s cu kp thi nhm gim bt thit hi ti a th chc chn rng tng chi s gim xung v do cng ty thu ht thm mt lng khch hng ng k t pha i th cnh tranh v khch hng tim nng nh vic cho ph vi mt mc ph mm hn so vi cc cng ty khc hot ng trn lnh vc ny. 7. Hon chnh mi trng php l trong lnh vc bo him

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Sp ti chng ta s phi m ca cho cc cng ty bo him nc ngoi vo Vit Nam kinh doanh ph hp vi xu th ton cu ho, hp tc ho. Vic pht trin mt th trng m trong lnh vc bo him l rt cn thit v n lm li cho ngi tiu dng v t c tnh cnh tranh trong cuc ganh ua ton cu. Tht vy, mt trong nhng iu lo ngi ln nht ca th trng trong nc l s m ca bin gii cho cc cng ty nc ngoi. Thm ch nu cc cng ty phi chu cng mt lut l php l, cc nh bo him trong nc thng thy l khng cng bng khi s bc vo ca cc cng ty nc ngoi lm tn hi nhng li ch ca nhiu nm lao ng cn c, cn c pht trin th trng bo him trong nc, s cnh tranh ngoi nc n t Nht bn hay M hoc cc nc pht trin khc lm kinh hi th trng trong nc. S cnh tranh th hin trn cc mt : -V nh ph : ph thc thu c xu hng thp . -V sn phm : nhiu sn phm mi ra i p ng c nhu cu mi nht ca ngi tiu dng . -V s phc v: cng ngy cc cng ty bo him cng nhn mnh v quan tm n s phc v i vi khch hng. Cc cng ty bo him trong tng lai cnh tranh c s cc k gn gi vi khch hngv s phc v s l hng u. - V an ton: sc mnh ti chnh ca mt cng ty bo him cng vi s bo h ca ti bo him s lm cho cc cng ty kh nng cnh tranh. *55 Cnh tranh l xu th tt yu trong nn kinh t th trng. Hin nay, trong lnh vc bo him ngoi s ra i mt s cng ty bo him mi nh: PVIC, PJCO, BAOMINH, BAOLONG... cn c gn 40 vn phng i din thuc nhiu nc khc nhau nh: M, Anh, Php, Nht bn, c... m bo cng bng trong cnh tranh v cnh tranh lnh mnh, cn phi c nhng vn bn php qui, nhng hin nay VIt nam vn cha ban hnh lut v bo him .

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V vy nh nc sm ban hnh o lut v bo him s lm nn tng cho cc quan h php l trong lnh vc bo him cc cng ty bo him trong nc i vo hot ng ng hng v to ra sc mnh tng hp cho s pht trin chung v cn l c s php l n nh cc i tc nc ngoi tch cc trin khai hot ng Vit Nam.

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KT LUN Nghip v bo him TBT l lnh vc hon ton mi m. Bi th bc u hot ng cng ty khng th khng trnh khi nhng kh khn v nhiu mt .Trong qu trnh trin khai vi mt khong thi gian qu ngn cha cho cc cn b hn vin ca cng ty c c b dy kinh nghip nhng thnh qu m cng ty t c trong ngn y thi gian chng minh cho ta thy lng nhit tnh v y sng to ca mi thnh vin trong cng ty ,s cn thit v chp nhn ca th trng i vi nghip v ny . Qua thi gian tm hiu thc t v nghip v bo him TBT cng vi nhng kin thc hc, n nay em hon thnh chuyn ny .Em xin chn thnh cm n c gio T THIN HNG gio vin b mn kinh t bo him -trng I hc kinh t quc dn v cc thy c gio trong b mn tn tnh hng dn em hon thnh chuyn ny . V li cui cng em cng xin chn thnh cm n s gip nhit tnh ca cc c ch trong cng ty PTI v cc anh ch phng bo him Ti Sn -K thut ,c bit l anh Nguyn Quang Phi -Trng phng bo him Ti sn k -thut to mi iu kin cho em trong sut qu trnh thc tp, thu thp s liu hon thnh chuyn ny . H ni ,ngy 4 thng 6 nm 1999

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Giy yu cu bo him thit b in t c mu nh sau :

Bn cu hi kim giy yu cu bo him thit b in t Tn v a ch ca Ngi yu cu bo him Ngnh ngh kinh doanh a im t cc thit b c bo him Loi cu trc nh S: _________________________________________ ______ _________________________________________ ______ _________________________________________ ______ khung thp gnh b tng g c khng nu c ngh k khai r nhng hng mc trong bn danh mc thit b c bo him v tn cng ty bo him _________________________________________ ________ Ngy Gi: Hiu lc bo him s kt thc vo ng thi im ny vo nm tip theo c khng nu khng ngh k khai r hng mc no trong bn danh mc thit b c bo him l c. _________________________________________ ________ K khai r hng mc trong bn danh mc thit b c bo him: Thit b c c bo dng theo hng dn ca cng ty ch to thit b khng? c khng Nhn vin s dng thit b c c cng ty ch to thit b o to khng? c khng c khng Nu c, do dng nc nc ma

2. C thit b no trc y tng c mt cng ty bo him khc bo him khng ? ngh thi hn bo him bt u t

3. C phi cc thit b bo him u l thit b mi khng? C th tm c gi xut xng ca nhng thit b c no 4 iu kin hot ng ca thit b 5. Cht lng nhn vin

6. C kh nng xy ra l lt khng?

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nc trn t h thng cng rnh nguyn nhn khc 7. C s dng nguyn vt liu c khng Nu c, k khai r axit nguy him vng ln cn giy nh khng dung dch kim thuc th thuc r nh cht n cht ng v cc cht khc Chng ti cam kt rng nhng li k khai trong Bn cu hi kim giy yu cu bo him ny l y v trung thc. Chng ti cng ng rng, bn k khai ny l c s, ng thi l b phn khng tch ri ca n bo him c cp lin quan n ri ro trn. Chng ti hiu v tho thun rng PTI ch chu trnh nhim theo ng nhng iu kin v iu khon ca n bo him v chng ti -Ngi c bo him (NBH), di bt k hnh thc no, cng khng a ra bt k khiu ni no khc khng thuc phm vi ca n bo him, PTI cam kt tuyt i gi b mt cc thng tin m NBH khai trong Bn cu hi kim giy yu cu bo him ny. Khai ti .................................................ngy.............thng..........nm 1998

Ngi khai (k tn, ng du )

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TI LIU THAM KHO 1. Gio trnh Kinh t bo him -Trng i hc Kinh t Quc dn

(PGS-PTS H S S) 2. Gio trnh thng k bo him - Trng i hc kinh t quc dn-

khoa thng k (PGS-PTS Bi Huy Tho ) 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

8.

Tp ch bo him cc nm 1997,1998,1999. Tp ch hng dn nghip v bo him TBT(cng ty PTI). Gii thiu v bo him TBT(Munich Re). Tp ch PC-World 1998,1999. Tp ch Hi Tin hc Vit nam. Bo him nguyn tc v thc hnh (Hip hi Bo him Hong gia

Anh)

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