1

]] &cdkifjynfe,frS rlqvifrsm;ta&;ESihfywfouf oufqdkif&m0efBuD;rsm;\

vTwfawmftwGif; ar;cGef;rsm;&Sif;vif;ajzMum;csuftay: oHk;oyfcsuf }}
" Aeritical Analysis of the Answers replied by relevant ministers to
questions, raised by Hluttaw members, concerning the affairs of
Musslins in Arakan State "

HI
yxrydk if;
ed'gef;
,aeUtcsdeftcgwGi f EdkifiHawmfo rwESihftjcm;EdkifiHacgif;aqmifrsm;u EdkifiHawmf\a&SUoGm;rnf h
'Dr dku a&pDc &D ;pOfE Si hf ywf oufaomay:vpD rsm;? rl0 g'rsm;? vkyfxHk;vkyfenf;rsm;udkBuHKvQifBuHKovdk jynf ol
vlxkod&Sdatmif ajymqdk&Si f;vif;aeaMumif;? rdefUrSm aeaMumif;awGU&onf/ tm;&auseyfp&mjzpfygonf/
pepfwpfck ajymif;vJv mNyD; jynfolwkdY\b0rSma&mifjcnfopfrsm;xGef; vif; vmrnf[ k arQmfvifha eMuonf/
jynfya&mufjrefrmrsm;uvnf; 'Drdku a&pD tcif;tusif;opfudkpdwf0ifpm;pGm avhvmapmihfarQmfa eMuonf/
jynfwGif;odkUjyef0ifvmol rsm;vnf; &Sda eygonf/
EdkifiHawmforwBuD;u (30-3-2011) ckaeU usrf; opmcH,lyGJNyD; jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfrSmrdefUMum;cJh
aomrdefUcGef;wGi f ]]- - - - 'gaMumih fu REf ky fw dkUtaeeJU EdkifiHom;rsm;\rlvtcGifhta&;? wpfenf;tm;jzihf
vlUtcGihfta&;rsm;ESi hfywfoufNyD; tajccHOya'jyXmef;csufrsm;udk taumiftxnfazmfEdkif
&eftwGufwnfqJOya'rsm;udk vdktyfygujyifqifj cif;? zsufodrf;jcif; Oya'topfjyXmef; vkyf
aqmifoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk vkyfaqmifEdki fz dkU avhvmoHk;oyfr Irsm;udk tjrefq Hk;jyKvkyfNyD;
'DavhvmawGU&Sdcsufrsm;tay: tajccHum jynfaxmifpk vTwfawmftaeeJU vdktyfw JhOya'jyK
a&;&mvky fief;rsm;vkyfaqmifEdkifzdkUtwGuf qufvufwifj yoGm;rSmjzpfygw,f/}}
[kyg&Sdygonf/ 'Drdkua&pDEdki fi Hx la xmifa&;rSm ta&;ygaom rdefUrSmMum;csufjzpfygonf/
xdkUtjyif Edki fiHawmforwBuD;u (6-4-2011) aeUwGif ]]pepfwpfckajymif;vJc JhNyD;jzpfw,f/
ajymif; vJw Jha cwfpepfESihft nD
tawG; tac:awG?
vkyfenf; vkyf[efawGvnf;ajymif;&r,f/ }} (1-10-2011 aMu;rHk)[k rdefUMum;cJhygonf/

xdkUjyif yxrtBudrf jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmf? 'kwd,tpnf;ta0;yxraeU (22-8-2011) ckaeU vT w f

awmfzGihfy GJrS orwBuD; urde fU cGef;acR&mwGif ]]jynfolUtpdk; &jzpfwJhtwGuf jynfolvlxktusdK;pD;yGm;OD; xdyfxm;&r,f/ jynfolvlxkudk pdwf
auseyfrI? jynfolvlxkpdwfcsrf;omrIudkxrf;aqmifM uwJh jynfolvlxkwpf& yfvHk; tm;xm;rI cH
,lx dkufwJh 0efxrf; aumif;rsm;jzpfv matmif ynmay;jcif;? owday;jcif;? ta&;,ljcif; (rsm;)
aqmif&GufaeygNyD/ EdkifiHom;tm;vHk;\rlvtcGihfta&;rsm;udk tajccHOya'jyXmef;csufESih f
tnD azmfaqmifa y;Edkifa&;wdkUudkvnf; txl;tm;ay;aqmif&Guf&mrS vTwfa wmfudk,fpm;vS, f
rsm;taeeJUvnf; 0dkif;0ef; aqG;aEG;SdEdIif; jyifqifjyXmef;ay;Mu& awmhr ,fj zpfw,f[ k rSmMum;
oGm;onf/ Mo0g'ay;0dkif; 0ef; aqG;aEG;SdE dIif; jyifqifjyXmef; ay;Mu&awmhr Smjzpfw,f}}[krSm
Mum;oGm;onf/ Mo0g'ay;cJho nf/}}
rde fU cGef;rsm;ygpum;rsm;onfE dkifiHhOaoQmifacgif; aqmifBuD;\ EdkifiHa&;tjrif? Edkifi Ha&;cH, lcsuf
vnf;jzpfygonf/ topfwnfaqmufrnhf' Dr dkua&pD EdkifiHtwGuf vrf;Tef rD;I;wefaqmif;vnf;jzpfygonf/
tem*wfEdkifiHawmftwGuf jynfolvlxkudk ay;aomuwdu0wfv nf;jzpfygonf/ tm;&auseyfp&mjzpfygonf/
vufawGU taumiftxnfazmfj cif;onf orwBuD;rdefUcGef; yg vrf; Tefcsuft& tm;vHk;ESihfq dkifa eygonf /
txl;ojzihfXmeqdkif&mjynfo lU 0efx rf;rsm;ESihf vTw fawmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;wGif yd k wm0ef & S d a eygonf/ emrnf
om'Drdku&ufwpfjzpfNyD; vufawGUrSm'Drdkua&pDusihfpOftouf0ifjcif;r&Sdaom EdkifiHwpfcsdK UuJhodkUrjzpf&ef vTwf
awmfudk,fpm;vS,frsm;tm; 0dki f;0ef; aqG; aEG;jyXmef;ay;yg&ef orwBuD; uzdw fac:xm;ygonf/ tESp fo m&
&Sda om 'Dr dkua&pDEdkifiHopfj zpfay:vmrnf[ karQmfv ihfygonf/ 'Dr dkua&pDtoD; tyGifhrsm;rS jynfolvlxku
vufawGU tusdK ;aus;Zl;cHpm;&rnf[ karQmfvihfygonf/
tpdk;&opf\wpfESpfomomSdao;aom oufwrf;twGif; tajymif;tvJtcsdKUvnf; awGUjrif&ygonf/
vTw fawmft wGif;Oya'rsm;udkjyifqifj cif;? Oya'opfrsm;a&;qGJjcif;rsm;vnf; awGU&ygonf/ jyifq ifo ihfa om
Oya'rsm;ESihfywfouf Oya'ynm&Sifrsm;? Oya'ygarmursm;\aqG; aEG;yGJvnf; jyKvkyfxm;aMumif;awGU&
ygonf/ tcsdefwGif uREkfyf\pmwrf;onf waphwapmif;taxmuftuljzpfrnf[k arQmfv ihfv Quf a&;om;
wifjyjcif;jzpf ygonf/ txl;ojzih f 1982 ckE Sp f Edki fi Ho m;jzpfrIOya'onf avsmfuefoihfjrwfjcif; r&Sdaom
wbufowftpGef;a&mufaeaom Oya'jzpfaMumif; uREkfyf\ Iaxmifhtjrif wifjyjcif;jzpfygonf/ Oya'
onf wdkif;&if;om;[kowfrSwfolrsm;txJ u ynm&Sifrsm;? Edki fiHa&;orm;rsm;udk xdcdku fapjcif;r&Sdojzihf xdk
olrsm;u owdxm;jcif;r&SdaMumif;awGU&onf/ EdkifiHwGif;&Sdjynfo lw pfpku dk xdcdku fe pfemapvQif tm;vHk;0dkif;
0ef;ulnDajz&Sif;ay;oihfonf[k,lq ygonf/ ,aeUvTwfawmft0ef;t0dkif;rSm txufOya'taMumif; aqG;
aEG;jcif;r&Sdonfudk 'Drdkua&pDpepfrSm wpfpHkwpfc kv dkaeovdkcHpm;rdygonf/ EdkifiHawmforwBuD;tjyif tjcm;
acgif; aqmifrsm;uvnf; jynfo lUtcGihft a&;? vlUtcGihft a&;? 'D rdku a&pDta&;rsm;ESihf ywfouf ajymqdk
rdefUrSmrIrsm;&Sdaeygonf/ jynfolUvTw fa wmfOu|ol&a&Tref;u ukvor* vlUtcGihft a&;tpD&ifc Hp m wif
oGif;ol Mr. Tomas Quintana ESihfa wGUqHk&Sif; vif;&mwGif -

]]jynfolrsm;\ rlv&ydkifcGihf 'Drkdua&pDv lUtcGihfta&;rsm;udkazmfaqmifay;Edkifonfh Oya'rsm;

jyXmef;aqmif&GufoGm;rSmjzpfaMumif;? wnfqJOya'rsm;udkvnf; jyefvnfoHk;oyfNyD; vdktyf
onfrsm;udkzsufodrf;? jyifqiftopfjyXmef;&ef aqmif&Gu f o Gm;rnfjzpfaMumif;? odkUrSo m rdr d
wdkUtem*wfc&D;vrf;wGi f ygwDp kH' Drdkua&pDtcGihftvrf;rsm; yGihfvif;vmrSmjzpfaMumif; jynfo l
rsm;\ 'Drdku a&pDtcGihfta&;rsm;udkazmfaqmifay;rnhf pmcRefa wmftrdefU xkwfjyefEdkifcGihfudk
vnf; ay;tyfxm;NyD;jzpfaMumif;}} (26-8-2011 aeUxkw f aMu;rHk) rsm;yg&Sdo Gm;ayonf/
tvm;wltrsdK ;om;vTwfa wmfOu|? jynfaxmifpkvTwfawmfem,uOD; cifa tmifjrihfu rpwmuifwm;
em;tm; EdkifiHawmfay:vpDrl0g'ESihf' Dr dkua&pDazmfaqmifa erIudk&Si f;jy&mwGif]]vTw fa wmfw Gi f jynfolUtoHvTwfawmftoH? jynfolUqEvTwfawmfqE? jynfolUarQmfvihf
csufvTwfawmfaqmif&Gufc suf[ laom aqmifyk'fwpf& yfaqmif&Gufx m;aMumif;? ,if; aqmif
yk' fE Si hft nD Edki fi Ho m;rsm;\rlv tcGihfta&;? 'Dr dkua&pDta&;? vlUtcGihfta&;qdkif&maumfr
wDrS jynfo lrsm;twGif;'Drdku a&pD usihfpOfwdk;wufvma&;ESi hfvlUtcGihfta&; wdk;wufjrihfwif
a&;twGuf& nfrSef; aqmif& Gu fo Gm;rnfjzpfygaMumif; vuf&Sdwnfq JO ya'rsm;ud k vl UtcG ihft
a&;? 'Drdku a&pDa&;ESihfu dkufnDr I&Sd? r&Sdpdp pfNyD; ,ckvTwfawmftwGif;yif tcsdKUOya'rsm;udkjyif
qifjyXmef;oGm;&ef&SdygaMumif;}} (26-8-2011 aMu;rHk)
ajymqdka qG; aEG;oGm;aMumif;od&Sd&ygonf/
uREkfyf\ ,ckpmwrf;onfvnf; vlUtcGi hfta&;qHk;HI;ae&jcif; ? 'Drdku a&pDtcGi hfta&;rsm; r&&Sdjcif;ESihf
ywfoufaeygojzifh EdkifiHacgif;aqmifrsm;u tav;teufxm; pOf;pm;ay;rnf[k ,HkMunfygonf/ uREkfyfwdkU
\ Ed ki fi Hawmfo rwBuD;ESihfvTwfawmfOu|BuD;rsm;u txufygrdefUrSmcsuf? &Sif;vif; ajymMum;csufESifhtnD
vufawGUtaumiftxnfazmfr nfqdkvQif jynfoltm;vHk;u tm;&0rf;om *kPfjyKMobmay;Muygvdrfhrnf/
jynfoltm;vHk; vGw fvyfrIudkvdkvm;aeMuonf/ wlnDrQwaomvlrIb0udk arQmfvifhawmifhwvQuf&SdM uygonf/
EdkifiHacgif;aqmifrsm;\txufrdefUcGef;rsm;? &Sif; vif; ajzMum;csufrsm;wGif jynfo lu dkt av;xm;aMumif;
awGU&onf/ jynfolUtoH? jynfolUqE? jynfo lUarQmfvihfcsufESihfjynfol pdwfcsrf;omrIudk OD;pm;ay; pOf;pm;ae
aMumif;awGU&onf/
jynfo lrsm;? EdkifiHom;rsm;qdk&mwGi f &cdki fj ynfe,frS rlqvif rsm;vnf; yg0ifygonf/ olwdkU onf &cdki f
jynfe,fvlOD; a&\xuf0 ufcefU&Sdygonf / ude f;*Pef;tm;jzihfqdkvQif odef;ESp fq,fcefU&Sdygonf/ xdkolwdkU
tajccHtcGifhta&;tawmfrsm;rsm;udk ESp ft awmfMumMumqHk;HI; ae&onf/ yxrtBudrf 'kwd,vTwfawmf
tpnf;ta0;rsm;wGif jynfaxmifpk v0u0efBuD; u olwdkUudkEdki fi Hj cm;om;[ko Ho,&SdaeaMumif; ? Edki fi Ho m; t
jzpf&&Sd&ef Oya' t&avQmufx m;&rnf[ k &Sif;jyaMumif; vnf;awGU&onf/
tHhM op&m? pOf;pm;r&Edkifj zpfaeonfrSm txufygoHo,qdkolwdkUtm; 2010 ckESpf vTwfawmf a&G;
aumufyGJrSm tm;vHk;rJxnhfcGihf& cJhonhftjyif olwdkUxJuudk,fpm;vS,fwpfcsdKU rJNydKifcGihfrsm;&&SdcJ hjcif;jzpf

ygonf/ tpdk;&\olwdkU tay:qufqHrI pHESpfrskdK;jzpfaeygonf/ rJxnhfcGihfay;cJho jzihf EdkifiHom;jzpfae\/

EdkifiHom;tjzpf&&Sd&ef jyefvnfcdkifrmaomtaxmuftxm;jzihf Oya't& avQmufxm;&rnf[k ajymqdkonhf
tjyif vufawGYrSmvnf; olwdkU\vlrIb 0wpfckvHk;udk uefUowfx m;onf/ pD;yGm;&SmcGihf? oGm;vmcGihf? tdrf
axmifjyKcGihf? oufarG;0rf;ausmif;odyH? wuo dkvfrsm;odkU wufa&mufc Gihfponfrsm;udk uefUowfxm;onf/
tdr f, maqmufvkyfjyifq ifjcif; ? bmoma&;taqmuftOD ;rsm; jyifqifjcif;rsm;ud ky dw fy ifx m;onf/ vli ,f
rsm;u tpdk;&tvkyftudkifrsm;r&Edki fj zpfaeonf/ odkUjzpfaejcif;onf ES pfaygif;ESp fq ,feD;yg;&S d aeonf /
wjcm;vlrI? pD;yGm;b0 epfemqHk;HI; rIrsm;vnf; tajrmuft rsm;&Sdaeygonf/ olw dkUtay: EdkifiHjcm;om;[k
tjrif&Sdae odkUjyKvkyfj cif;[k ,lq&onf/ trIudprsm;onf EdkifiHawmforwBuD;ESihf tjcm;acgif;
aqmifBuD;rsm;\ Mo0g'rdefUcGef; rsm;ESi hf qefUusifb uf jzpf aeygojzihf ,aeUEdkifiHawmfudk OD;aqmifaeaom
vlB uD;rif;rsm;tm;vHk; u od&SdE dkifatmif pmwrf;jzihfwifjyjcif;jzpfygonf/ txufygrlqvifrsm;? EdkifiHjcm;
om;r[kw faMumif;? pmwrf;ygtcsuftvufrsm;jzihf jynhfp HkoGm;onf[krqdkEdkifyg/ pmwrf;yg tcsuf
tvufrsm;xuf cdki fvHkaomtaxmuftxm; trsm;tjym;&SdEkdifygonf/
vTwfawmfwGif;ar;cGef;rsm;udkajzMum;&Sif;vif;&mwGif jynfaxmifpk0efBuD;rsm;u txufyg uefUowf
xm;jcif;? ydwfq dkUxm;jcif;? cGJjcm;qufq Hjcif;rsm;tjyif Edki fiHjcm;om;[k oHo,jzpfa e&onf[laom t
aMumif;jycsufj zihf EdkifiHom;tjzpf&&Sdatmif Oya't& avQmufxm;Edkifj cif;wdkUtm;vHk; onf oihfjrwfo nfh Oy
a'ESifhnDonf[kqdk\/ trsdK;om;a&;vdktyfcsuft& e,fajrwnfN idr fa&;ESi hf EdkifiHawmfv HkNcHKa&;twGuf jyKvky f
&jcif;jzpfonf[k&Sif;jyonf/ &cdkifjynfe,fonf jynfwGif; ppfjzpf aeaomae&m? tjcm;EdkifiHwpfckESihfppfjzpfae
aomae&mr[kw fyg/ vlrsdK;wpfrsdK;\tajccH tcGihfta&;tm;vHk;udk ydwfyifxm;jcif;onf avsmfuefoihfjrwfrI
&Sdyg\avm/ xdkrlqvifrsm;wGif Edki fi Ha wmfvHkNcHKa&;udk xdyg;aeonf [laom qlylaomif;usef;rIvnf; rawGU
&Sd&yg/ &cdk ifj ynfe,fonf tjzLa&mife,fajr wpfcko mjzpfonf/ xdktaetxm;rSm vlrsdK;wpfrsdK ;\ tajc
cHt cGihfta&; tm;vHk;ydwfqdkUxm;jcif;rSm trsdK;om;a&;vdktyfcsuf[ kq dkvQif xdktrsdK ;om;a&;vdktyfcsufonf
tvGefusOf;ajrmif;oGm;onf[kqdk&ayrnf/ wdki f;&if;om;vlrsdK;rsm;udk uefUowfx m;jcif;? oD;jcm;qufq Hjcif;
[kq dk&efom&Sdygonf/ wGifwdkif;&if;om;[lonftb,fenf;? rnfonhfvTwfawmfuowfrSwfoenf;/ t
b,faom tcsuf( aywH)udk tajccHowfrSwfoenf;/ ar;cGef; xkwf&ayrnf/
,aeU'Drdkua&pDtoD;tyGihfrsm; wpfjynfvHk;a0qmvmcsdefwGif wpfcsdefuwdkif;&if;om;tjzpf aexdkif
vmolv lrsdK ;wpfrsdK;udko D;jcm; a&G; xkwfj yD; EdkifiHj cm;om;[ko wfrSwf& ef tm;xkwfpDpOfjcif;onf w&m;rQw
onf? rSefuefonf[kqdk&efr&Sdyg/ olwdkUonf t*Fvdyfacwfu pm&if; tif;rsm;wGif tdE d,EdkifiHom;rsm;
ESihfa&maESmryg0ifcJhyg/ jref rmwdki f;&if;om; &cdki fr lq vif? jrefrmrlqvifrsm;jzpfcJhonf/ vGwfvyfa &;&NyD;
wdkif;&if;om;rsm;jzpfcJho nf/ ,ckEdkifiHom;tjzpfudkqHk;HI;&onfqdkvQif ,aeUEdki fi Hw Gif; 'Dr dku a&pDr dk; u aygu
& 0efrdk;uJhodkU uGu fMum;&Gmaeovm;[kpOf;pm;ae&onf/ 'Dr dkua&pDp epfrSm EdkifiHom;tm;vHk; vlrsdK;bm
om tom;ta&mifrcGJjcm;bJ wef;wl&nfwlr&dSava&movm;? vGw fv yfa&;&NyD; acwf Oya'rsm;t&? &cdkifrS
,aeU oHo,jzpfaeonfqdkaom rlqvifrsm; wdkif;&if;om;rsm;jzpfcJhMuonf/ ,aeU wdkif; &if;om;pm&if;
rSy ,fxm;NyD; uefU owfrItxyfxyfjzihf cGJjcm;qufq Hj cif; ? taMumif;trsdK ;rsd K;jyNyD; oHo,[kpGyfpGJjcif;? EdkifiH
jcm;om;[kajymqdkjcif;onf vlUtcGihft a&; pHEIef; ESihf udku fn Dyg\avm/ uefUowfcsKyfcs,fcHb0onf tESpf

ESpfq ,fausmfNyD; 'Drdkua&pDjynfolUtpdk;&wufvmvQif tajctaewdk;wufaumif;rGefv mrnf[k arQmfvihf

cJhygonf/
,ck'Drdku&pDtpdk;&wufvmNyD;rS EdkifiHom; tjzpf& &SdE dkif&ef 1982 ckES pf? EdkifiHom;jzpfrI Oya'yk'fr42? 43 wdkU t& cdki fr maom taxmuftxm;jzihf EdkifiHom;jyKcGi hfavQmufx m;&rnf[ kq dko nf/ &cdkifrSrlq vif
rsm;twGuf ]usm;udkaMumufvdkU&SifBuD;udk;? &Si fB uD;usm;xufqdk;} aeyHk&onf/ txufygrlqvifrsm;udk
ajymifE kdifiHjcm;om;[k qdkaeygonf/ wpfjcm;EdkifiHwpfEdkifiH\Oya't& xd kEdki fi Hom;jzpfaejcif;udk yxrOD;qHk;
pGe fU vTw f&rnf[ kq dkjyefo nf/ vlr sm;Edki fi Hw Gif; odkU cdk;0ifa exdkifolrsm;[kqdkvQif zrf; qD; ta&;,lEdki f& ef
1947 ckE Sp f? vl0ifrIBuD;Muyfa&;vwfwavmOya' (Emergency Act) ESifh wjcm;v0uOya'rsm;&Sdae
onfr[kwfavm/ txufcdk;0ifaeolrsm;udk tb,hfaMumihf ESpfajcmufq,fc efU ta&;r,lb Jx m;cJhavoenf;/
1947 ckESpf? Adkv fcsKyfatmifqef;vufx uf zqyvacwfa&G; aumufy GJrSp 2010 ckESpf? vTwfawmf
a&G;aumufy GJtxd tm;vHk;aoma&G;aumufyGJrsm;rSm (rqvacwfaumifpD tqihfqihf a&G; aumufyGJtygt0if)
rJx nhfcGihf? a&G;cs,fcHcGihfrsm;&cJhonf/ trwfrsm;? aumifpD0ifrsm;&SdcJhonhft jyif ygvDreftwGi f;0efrsm;?
0efBuD;rsm;vnf;txufoHo,[k pGyfpGJcH&ol rlqvifrsm;xJrS&SdcJhayonf/
xdko lrsm; ,aeUEdkifiHjcm;om;[lrnfuJhodkUjzpfoGm;avoenf;/ EdkifiHwumOya't& rJxnhfc Gi hf
a&G;cs,fc H&cGihfrsm;onf Edkifi Hom;rsm;uom&Edki fa omtcGi hfta&;jzpfygonf/ EdkifiHjcm;om;rsm;u tkyfcsKyfa&;
,E&m;rsm;twGuf a&G; aumufy GJwGifrJxnhfcGihfr&Sdyg/
vTwfawmfwGif;ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzMum;&Sif; vif;&mwGif EdkifiHom;tjzpfoHo,jzpf&jcif;onfvnf;
aumif; ? vlr IpD;yGm;b0wGif uefU owfrIrsm;jyKvkyfxm;jcif;onfvnf;aumif;? vlrsdK;bmomcGJjcm;jcif;r[kwfyg/
EdkifiHawmfz GJUpnf;yHkt ajccHOya'yk'fr-348 t& EdkifiHom;rsm;udk vlrsdK;bmom? a,musfm;? rde f;rcGJj cm; quf
qHjcif;rjyK&yg[kyg&SdaMumif; &Si f; jyxm;ao;onf/ ,ckudprsm;onf 1982 ckESpf? Edki fiHo m; jypfrIOya' tydk'f
rsm;t& aqmif&Gufapjcif; [kqdkygonf/ xdkOya'rSm pHESpfrsdK ;jzpfr aebl;vm;/ &cdkifrSrlqvifrsm;ESihf ky fo
@mef bmompum;,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHw ln Da om Ak'bmom0ifb l0g qdko lrsm;udk wdkif;&if; om;[kowf
rSw fx m;onf/ rlqvifrsm;udk EdkifiHjcm;om;[kq dka eonf/ 0efBuD;rsm;\ cGJj cm;rIr&Sdq dkj cif; udk rnfodkUem;
vnf&rnfe nf;/ taMumif;tusdkK;qDa vsmfrIr&SdbJ rdrdESihfbmomrwlolrsm;udk taMumif; trsdK;rsdK;? qifajct
zHkzHkjyNyD; oHo,[kowfrSwfjcif;omjzpfygonf/ tjzpfrsdK;onf vlrsdK ;bmomcGJjcm;jcif;rSty tjcm;rjzpf
Edkifyg/ oHo,jyKjcif; wGif tcsdeftuefUtowf& Sdygovm;/ b*Fvm;a'&SfU&Sdaeoa&GUumvywfvHk; oHo,
&Sdrnf[ kqdkvdkjcif;vm;/
vuf&SdEdkifiHom;Oya'onf vGwfvyfa&;&NyD; jrefrmEdkifiHw Gif Edki fi Ho m;? wdki f;&if;om;tjzpf aexdkif
vmolrsm;udk ESpfaygif; ajcmufq,fa usmfvGefvmNyD;rS Edki fiHj cm;om;[kazmfTef;vQif xdkO ya'udk,fudku
cRwf,Gif;csuf&Sdonf[kqdk& ayrnf/ odef ;ESpfq,fcefU jynfe,fwGif; aexdki fa om rlqvifrsm;udk EdkifiHjcm;om;
jzpfapjcif;xuf? txufOya'udkjyifq ifjcif;u ydk oih fawmfrnf[koHk;oyfrdygonf/ &cdkifj ynfonf ,aeUoH

o,qdkolrsm;u urmOD; up tajcpdku faexdkifaoma'ojzpfaMumif; &cdkifjynf& Sd a&S; a[mif; ordkif;t

axmuftxm;rsm;u oufaocHaeonfudktodtrSwfjyKoihfayonf/ EdkifiHawmfudkOD;aqmifaeaom tmPm

ydkifyk*dKvfrsm;? vTwfawmftrwfrsm;? oufqkdif&mOya'ynm&Si fr sm;tm;vH k;u Edk ifiHom;wpfpktay: usa&muf

aeaomab;tE&m,fqdk;BuD;udk umuG,f ajz&Si f; ay;rnf[k arQmfv ihfygonf/
v0u0efB uD; OD;cif&DrS vTwfawmfw Gif; ar;cGef;udk ajzMum;&Si f;vif;&mwGi f armif; awma'orS b*FgvD
vlrsdK;rsm;onf wpfb ufEdki fi Hr Sb *Fg vDrsm;ESifhb mompum;? "avhx Hk;pH? ,HkMunfu dk;uG, fr I okyfo@mef
ponfjzihf tppwln DaeojzihfcGJjcm;r&Edkif/ ESpfEdki fi H e,fpyftwGif; ul;vl;qufqHrI? tdrfaxmifusrI&Sd
a&maxG;oGm;onf/ olwdkUudk EdkifiHom; jzpfaMumif; oHo ,jzpfaeonf/ odkUjzihfuefUowfrIUrsm; jyKvky f&onf /
yHkpH (4) jzihfom &uftuefUtowfj zihf oGm;vmcGihfjyK&onf[kq dkonf/ Ak'bmomjzpfaom b*FgvDrsm;udk
bkl0gemrnfj zihfwdkif;&if; om;owfr Sw fxm;onf/ olw dkUudkt b,faMumifh cG Jjcm;Edkifoenf;/ wd ki f;&if;om; jzpf
vdkvQifA k' b momjzpf&rnf[ k qdkvdkjcif; t"dy g ,foufa&mufa eonf/ vuf&SdE dkifiHom;Oya'onf ar;cGe f;
xkw fp&mjzpfaeygonf/ tajccHOya'tydk' f- 348 ESi hfnDGwfrI r&SdaMumif;awGU&Sd&onf/
wpfbufE dkifiHrSvlrsm;ESihf tppwln Daeojzihf &cdkifrSukv m;rsm; (rlq vifrsm;) udk cGJj cm;r&Edkif? EdkifiH
awmfvHkNcHK a&;? umuG,fa&;twGuf tE&m,f&Sdae uefUowfrIrsm; trSefwu,fvdktyfa eonf/ 4if; onfyif
trsdK;om;a&;vdkt yfcsuf[kqdkv Qif wjcm;vlrsdK;rsm; (e,fp yfrsm;&Sd tjcm;vlr sdK ;rsm;)udk rnfo dkUcGJjcm;Edkifygo
enf; / tdEd,Ekdi fi HrDZ Dk&mrfjynfe,frScsif;ESi hf jrefrmEkdifiHcsif;jynfe,frScsif; rsm;? em*jynfe ,frSem*rsm;ESihf
jrefrmem*rsm;? udk;uefUESihfwkwfponfwdkUudk tb,faMumihfcGJjcm;Edkifoenf;/ rnfodkUcGJjcm;oenf;/ xdkU tjyif
&cdki fj ynfe,frSm &Sdaom ,aeUwdkif;&if; om;[kq dko nhfbl0grsm;? 'dki f;euf (c) csufrm;rsm;? NrdKcrdrsm;onf b*F
vm;a'&SfUrSm t"dutm;jzihfyif&if;EdkifiHtjzpfaexdkifolrsm;jzpfM uonf/ olwdkU \ vlOD;a&toD;oD;onf &cdkif
jynfe,frSmxuf b*Fvm;a'&SUfrSm tqaygif;rsm;pGmrsm;jym;ygonf/ bmompum;? ,Ofaus;rI? udk;uG,f,Hk
MunfrI okyfo@meftm;vHk;onf [d kbufonfbuftwlwljzpfonf/ b*Fvm;a'&SfUrSm Ak'bmom b*Fg vD
udkbl0g[kac:onf/ oef; aygif;rsm;pGmSdo nf/ rlqviftvSnhfusaomtcg b*Fvm;a'&SfUukvm;ESihf cGJjcm;
r& vlrIpD;yGm;b0wckvHk;udk uefUowfxm;jcif; jzpfonf[kqdkvQif t"dyg,fr nfodkU aumuf&rnfe nf;/
cdk;0ifa&maxG;onf[kqdkvQif ta&;r,lEdkifygvm;/ Oya'r&SdcJhvdkUygvm;/ tm;vHk;cdk;0ifo l? a&maxG;
oGm;olqdkvQif EdkifiHom;r[kwf/ Edki fiHj cm;om;[kowfrSwf&efom&Sdonf/ oHo,[k tb,faMumifh ajym&o
enf;/ vGw fvyfa&;&&SdcJhpOfuvnf; &cdkifrSmxdkukvm;rsm; &SdcJhonf/ (1951 ckESpf oef; acgifpm&if;Iyg) xdkpOf

uyif EdkifiHjcm;om;[kowfrSwfcJh&rnf/ vGwfvyfa&;r&cif 1947 ckw Gi fyif Akdv fcsKyfatmifqef;ESifhtwl

wdkif;jyKjynfjyKvTwfawmfrSm olwdkU\vlrsKd;pkukd,fpm;vS,frsm;yg0ifcJhonf/ ,ckE Sp fajcmufq,fausmfvGe f
NyD;aemuf oHo,wdkU? cGJjcm;r&wmwdkU? Edki fi Hj cm;om; tjzpfudk yxrpGefUvTwfygwdkU ? Edki fi Hom;jyKcGi hftwGuf cdki f
rmaomtaxmuftxm;jzihfavQmufygwdkU jyKvkyfajymqdkvmjcif; onf ]]xdkif;EdkifiHrSarSmifc dk0ifvmaom ygwdwf
udk xdke,fpyfrS 0ifv mpOfuzrf;qD;jcif;rjyKbJ? trsdK;orD;rsm;u &efukefaps;rS0,f,l 0wfqifaepOfzrf;qD;
jcif; ? cRwf,l&ef pDp Ofj cif;rsdK;jzpfo Gm;Edki fo nf/}} vGw fvyfa&;&pOfu ukv m;rsm;udk cGJj cm;EdkifcJhonf /
AkdvfcsKyfatmifq ef; ukd,fwkdi f vufwGJa c:cJhonf/ EdkifiHom;tjzpf vTwfawmfx Jyg0ifcGi hfjyKcJho nf/ e0w?
e,utpdk;&rsm;ESifh (,ck'Drd kua&pD tpdk;&) u cGJjcm;r&? oHo,jzpf&onfqdkjcif;rSm aoG;dk; om;dk;rS jzpfy gh
rvm; [kpOf; pm;ae&onf/

vGwfvyfa&;&&SdcJhaomtcsdefwGifvnf; ukvm;rsm;&SdaecJh&m xdkpOfu yif Edki fi Hj cm;om;[k owfrSw f

cJh&rnf/ vGwfvyfa&;&pOfu cGJjcm;EdkifcJhonf/ ,ckrScGJjcm;r&Edkifjcif;rsdK;jzpfaeovm;/ AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;
ucGJjcm;EdkifcJhonf/ e,utpdk; &u cGJj cm;r&[k qdkjcif;rSm obm0usyg\avm/ aemuft a&;BuD;tcsufwpf
csufrSm oHo,[kqdkjcif;onf tm;vHk;rdrdEdki fi Hom;r[kwf? EdkifiHjcm;om;[kt"dyg ,frxGu fyg/ vuf&Sd EdkifiH
om;Oya't& EdkifiHom;rjzpfvQif EdkifiHjcm;om;[k owfrSwf&efom&Sdygonf/ oHo,[kaMunmjcif;onf Iyf
axG;apygonf/ 4if;xJwGi f oHo,uif; &S if; oGm;ygu EdkifiHo m;jzpfEdki fo nhfvlvnf;&Sdaeygonf[k t"dyg,f
xGufaeonf/ ,ckuefUowfxm;jcif;aMumifh xdkEdkifiHo m;jzpfEdkifajc&Sdolrsm; repfemaybl; vm;/ olkwdkU ta&; r
pOf;pm;&bl;vm;/ 'DtjzpfrsdK; 'Drdku a&pDEdkifi Hr Sm epfemaMu;awmif;qdkcGihf&Sdayrnf/ cdkifvHkaom taMumif;
aMumifh oHo,jyKjcif;r[kwf rdrdESihfr wl t*wdw&m;0ifv m rvdkrkef;xm;pdw fjzihf oHo,jyKjcif;om jzpf
Edkifygonf/
qufvufazmfjyygrnf/
pmwrf;jyKpkol
tbltmeif