2

2.1
2.1. 1



2.1.2

2.1. 1






(Administration)



(Management)
1.
,


,
, ,
,

2.



,
, ,


3.
(Maximum Output)
(Minimum Input) ,

4.



, ,

11

5.






6.

, ,

1 0 0

12

( , 2553)







5
(Schermerhorn, 2004)
1. (The Classical Approaches)
2. (The Behavioral Approaches)
3. (The Quantitative
or Management Science Approaches)
4. (The Modern Management Approaches)
5. (Continuing Management
Themes)
1.

..1885-1940
2
1.1 (Scientific Management)

Frederick W. Taylor,
Henry L. Gantt Frank Lillian Gilbreth
1.2 (Administrative Management)

13

(Bureaucratic Management)
Henry Fayol, Max Weber, Chester I. Barnard Luther
Gulick

1.

2.

3.
4 .

5
.


1.

2
.


3.
2.



1920 1930

14


,
2
2 . 1 ( Human
Relations)
1930-1940
2.2 (Organizational Behavior)
1950

1. , ,

2 .

1.

2
.

3.
3.



2

15

 2






3
1. (Management Science)
2. (Operations Management)
3. (Management Information System)


,

1
.


2 .

3
.


16

4.


1.
2.
3.
,
4 .

5
.

4.

,


..1960
4.1 (The Process Approach)
4.2 (The System Approach)
4.3 (The Contingency Approach)
4.4 (The Strategic Management
Approach)
4.5 (The Japanese Style Management
Approach)
4.6 (The Excellence Approach)
17

 ,



4.1
Henri Fayol

, ,

Harold Koontz The Management Theory
Jungle
.. 1961

4.2

1960




2
1 . ( Closed
System)

2 . ( Open
System)


Taylor,
Weber Gulick 1930 Barnard


18

 ,













,








( )


1. (Inputs)
, ,
,

19

2. (Transformation
Process)

3. (Outputs)
, ,

4 . ( Feed
Back)

4.3




,

,




1 9 6 0 -1 9 7 0

Tom
Burns
George
Stalker
(Crainer, 1996, p. 52)
Burns
Stalker
2
( Stable)

20

 (Turbulent) 2
( Mechanistic)

(Organic)
Burns

Stalker


Joan
Woodward

( ) (Stoner and Freeman, 1989, p. 59) Woodward

Paul Lawrence,
Jay Lorsch Edgar Schein

3


2
3

21



4.4

( Vision), (Mission),
(Comparative Advantage), (Goals
and
Objectives), (Critical
Success
Factor),
(Shared Values or Corporate Culture)
(Action Orientation)
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
John Von Neumann Oskar Morgenstern

22

(Pindur, Rogers and Kim, 1995)
Peter F. Drucker Practice of Management

.
1
9
5
4

(Crainer, 1996, p. 36)

1960 Alfred D. Chandler

Chandler



.. 1965 Igor Ansoff Corporate Strategy


Ansoff




(Crainer,
1996, p. 82)
1 9 7 0



Competitive Strategy Michael E. Porter (Crainer,
1996, p. 91)
23

 1970 Henry Mintzberg The

Structuring
of
Organization

Mintzberg

(Crainer, 1996, p. 95)

1970

McKinsey
7S McKinsey
2 The Art of
Japanese Management Richard Pascale Tony Athos In Search of
Excellence Tom Peters Robert Waterman McKinsey


(Weihrich
and
Koontz,
1994,
p.
48)
Hardware ( ,
) Software ( )
Soft S Hard
S 7S Framework
3 Hard S
1. (Strategy)
2. (Structure)
3. (System)
4 Soft S
4. (Style)
5. (Staff)
6. (Shared Value)
7. (Skill)
4.5

24

 ..
1950 W.
Edwards
Deming

(Total
Quality
Management,
TQM) TQM



(Stoner and Freeman,
1989, p. 9) Deming

Deming 94

TQM Joseph
M.
Juran

Juran 3

1.
2.
3.

20% (Stoner and
Freeman, 1989, p. 645)


Philip
B.
Crosby
(Zero
Defect) Crosby
4 (Schermerhorn, 2004, p. 110)
1.
2.

25

3.
4. () ( )

1 9 8 0 William
Ouchi

Ouchi
Z
Z

4.6


1980 TomPeters
Robert
H.
Waterman
Jr.
In
Search
of
Excellence

8 (Crainer, 1996, p. 112)
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.
7.

8.



26


, , ,

, , ,




, , , ,

5.





1. (Globalization)
2. (Managing in an EBusiness World)
27

3. (Ethics and Social

Responsibility)
4. (Entrepreneurship)
5. (Workforce Diversity)
6. (Learning Organizations)
7. (Buddhist Economics)
8. (Sufficiency Economy)
1.

2.
(Electronic Business, E-Business)
, , ,

E-Commerce E-Business
3
1. E-Business


2 .

E-Business

,
E-Business
28

3 . E-Business

3.

2 0 0 0






.. 2540

29













4.


3

(1)



(2)
,
,

3.





30

5.








6.







Peter
Senge
MIT




1.


2.


3.
31

7.

(E.F. Schumacher, 1966)
Ernst
Friedrich
Schumacher

( , 2553)
Schumacher Small Is Beautiful : Economics As If People Mattered
()
,

,


,


E.F.
Schumacher

32








Intermediate Technology Appropriate Technology

6
40
Small Is Beautiful
, (Health, Beauty and
Permanence)



E.F.
Schumacher

,
(Education, Organization and Discipline)

8.

33





. . .
21 2542


25

( , 2552)




34

 5
1.






2.

3.
3

4.

-



35

-


5.




(
, 2553)

Joseph
Schumpeter
Nikolai Kondratiev
4
(Prosperity),
(Recession),
( Depression) ( lmprovement) Schumpeter

Kondratiev Waves

1 Kondratiev Waves

36


Schumpeter

(Innovation)


Schumpeter
Kondatiev Waves 5
1.
.. 1771-1829
2.
.. 1829-1875
3. ,
.. 18751908
4. ,
..1908-1971
5.
.. 1971-

World War I

World War II

Classic

Behavioral

Quantitative

Modern
Continuing

37










2







Kondatiev
6 5
55, 50, 40 30 5 The Natural Advantage of
Nations
6


, , , ,

38

 , ,

3 6

( Climate Change)







(Global Warming) 0.8

(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC,
39

2007) .. 2550

IPCC

,






( Greenhouse
Gas)


( 0.1%
78% 20% 0.9%)











60

40

 10,000
10

200 30

10 20
0.63
.. 2493
(.. 1950) 1.23
.. 2550
(.. 2007)
1.14



.. 2593 (.. 2050) 80

2 40
( Copenhagen Accord (2009))
1.3
. . 2593

5


1

20





Millenium Ecosystem
Assessmunt 1,000
41


50
60

, , ,

..1980-2002 36 4
.. 1980 5.5 .. 2002 .. 2005
5.8
4
1)
6 2) 37 3)
65 4) 152

2
.. 1980-2002


(Ecological Footprint)

,
42

 Global Hectares per

Capita (GHA/CAP)

Biocapacity
Global
Hectares
(GHA)

Biocapacity
.. 2007 Global Footprint Network

1.8 GHA
.. 2007 2.7 GHA/CAP
Biocapacity 1.2 GHA 1.8
GHA/CAP 50
1 6.6

3 .. 1960-2007

1980

43

Ecological Debt .. 2010

150

4
.. 2010


(Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR) 1950-1960

,
1970



(American Management Association, 2007)






, , ,
,
44

1980

2
Bhopal Madhya Pradesh
() ..1984
Basel-Landschaft
..
1986


,


1980


(Sustainability)
45

 .. 1987 The Brundtland Report Our Common

Future
,
, , ,

The Bruntland Report Our Common Future
(The World
Commission on Environment and Development, WCED) .. 1987 (.. 2530)
The Bruntland Report Gro Harlem
Bruntland

20

,

46

1. ( Equity) ( Fairness)



,


2. (Long Term View)
(Precautionany
Principle) ?
2 35 ,
7
7 ,
,
( 50 )

47

3.
( Systems
Thinking)

John Elkington Triple Bottom Lines (3 )
Cannibals with Forks (1998) The Economic
Bottom Line (Profit, ) , The Social Bottom Line (People,
) The Environment Bottom Line (Planet, )

5 Triple bottom lines, 3

(Business
Bottom
Line)

48

Triple
Bottom
Lines

Triple Bottom
Lines
,




Triple Bottom Lines
Paige Turner
1. 3
,

2 .
3
3.
(Renewable
Resources)
(Non-Renewable Resources) 2
3


, ,







49

4 .
3 3







5 .
3




, (Symposium on
Sustainability, 2001 American Management Association, 2007)
Dow Jones Sustainability Index

,

Dr. Donald C. Fisher
Mid-South
Quality
and
Productivity
Center
(MSQPC)
Malcolm
Baldrige
Baldrige Green
3
1.

50

-
-

2.
-
-
-
- (Best Practices)
-
3 .

-
-
-
Bob Willard The Sustainability
Advantage : Seven Business Case Benefits of a Triple Bottom Line (2002)
5 .. 1999


,
7
1.

2.
-
51

3.
-


4.
- ,
, ,

5.
- , ,

6.
-

7.
- ,
,

35
7

9 (Wirtenberg, Harmon,
Russell Fairfield, 2007) Alcoa, Bank of America, BASF, The Coca
Cola Company, Eastman Kodak, Intel, Novartis AG, Royal Philips Unilever
7
Triple Bottom Line
3

52

 6 3
1 (Foundation)

3
-

-
2 (Traction)

-
3 (Integration)
-
-
Triple Bottom Line

53



1.

2.
3. ,

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

(Levels of Sustainability)
Marcel van Marrewijk

International EUFinanced ECSF Research (ECSF, European Corporate Sustainability Framework)

Marco Werre De Baer Ritsema Van Eck
Value System Dr. Clare Graves

Marrewijk Were




6
54



1.
(Pre-Corporate Sustainability)



2. (Compliance-Driven Corporate
Sustainability)

3.
(Profit-Driven Corporate Sustainability)





4.

(Caring Corporate Sustainability)

5.

(Synergistic Corporate Sustainability)

55

6.
(Holistic Corporate Sustainability)













The
Global
Reporting
Initiative
(GRI)

.. 2540

- (Sustainability Reporting)


Triple Bottom Line
30,000 .. 2552 1,400
5 5 GRI 3
.. 2553
56


American Management Association (AMA)
Human
Resource Institute (HRI) The 2007 AMA/HRI Sustainability Survey 1,365

, ,





-

-

3

1.
2.
3.

57

58


Thomas Kuhn The Structure of Scientific Revolution


(Paradigm Shift)
( , 2549, 62)
(Paradigm) .. 1962
Kuhn 2



(Schwandt,
2001, pp. 183-184 , 2549, 63-64)

















59



(
, 2551)









2
( , 2 5 5 0 )

,











(Richard H. Axelrod, 2001)
60

Laura Quinn Maxine Dalton The Center for Creative

Leadership, Colorado Springs
Tasks of Leadership

McCauley
Van
Velsor

3
1.
2.
3.

1 .

,
4
-
- ,
-
-
2 .

3
-
-
- ,
3 .



-
-
-


61

1.
,









2.

,
, ,
,




3.

, , ,

4.

5.

62


, ,

6.

John P. Kotter
Harvard Business School
Kotter 8

1.


2.

,

3.




4.
63





5.

6.

7.

8.




Kotter




64

ISO 9004 : 2009

(The International
Organization
for
Standardization, ISO)



ISO
9 0 0 4
ISO
9000 ISO
5
.. 1987 .. 1994, .. 2000
. . 2 0 0 8 ISO 9 0 0 0
3
1. ISO 9000 : -
2. ISO 9001 : -
3 . ISO 9004 :
ISO 9001 .. 2008 ISO
9004 .. 2009
ISO
9
0
0
4
:
2
0
0
9
2552
ISO




( Interested
Parties)

65



(Self-Assessment)

, ,

ISO 9001

66

ISO


4
9
4
5
6
7
8
9
4

8
ISO 9000 : 2000 ISO 9000 : 2008

1

2

3

4

67

 5

6

7

8




(Interested
Parties)
( Interested
Parties)


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.









-
-
-

68

-

-

5










69

-
-
-
-

-
-
-




-

-

-
70

-



-
-
-

( )
6

71


-

-

1.












72



-
-
-
-
-
(Synergy)
-
2.

-
-

-
3.

73

, ,
,






-
- , ,
,
-
-
- ,

74



-

-

-
,

- ( ,
, )
-
-
- ,
-

75

- ,
-
-
-
-
-
- , , ,
- , , ,
,


,
,

,
1.




- ,

76

-
2.

,
, ,


,

3.

, , , ,
Outsources


-
-
-



4.

77

,
,
7



Outsourcers






, ,

(Systems Approach to Management)


,

, ,


78

-
-

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- ,
-
-





8 , ,

,
,




- , ,
-
-
79

-
-


-
-
, ,
,


( Key
Performance
Indicators)

( Internal Audit)

( Self Assessment)


( Benchmarking)







,

80






9 ,





Plan, Do, Chcek, Act (PDCA)

(Organization Self-Assessment)
ISO 9004 : 2009
( Self
Assessment)

81

1.
2.
-
5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
-
7
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
- ISO 9004 : 2009
6
1. 4
2. 5
82

3. 6
4. 7
5. 8
6. 9
-
American
Society
for
Quality 7

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

10.
11.
12.
13.

14.
15.

1.
2.


3.
83

4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.




The Evergreen Project (Nohria, Joyce and Roberson,
2003) 5
10

200 160
1 0 ( . . 1 98 6 -1 9 9 6 )
8
2 4
1
1.





2.


3.

84

4.

2
1.

2.


3.


4.



4
2 4
4 + 2 =
Joyce
et
al
(2003) 4 + 2




2.1.2

Small and
Medium Enterprises, SMEs 3
85

1. (Production Sector) 3
- 6
, , , , ,

- 5
, , , ,

- 5 ,
, , ,
2. 2
3.
9 ,
, , , ,
Digit Content, , ,

..
2543

()

( )

86



-
-

50

51-200

50

51-200

25
15
50

26-50
16-30
51.200

50
30
50

51-100
31-600
51-200

: (2550)

.. 2552 (GDP)
9 , 0 5 0 , 7 1 5 . 0
(SMEs GDP) 3,417,860.7
37.8 GDP

SMEs GDP

.. 2548 39.3, 38.9, 38.7, 38.1

37.8
2 .. 2548-2552

(GDP)

SMEs

2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
7,092,893 7,850,193 8,529,836 9,075,493 9,050,715
.0
.0
.0
.0
.0
2,789,592 3,050,565 3,298,529 3,457,685 3,417,860
.4
.1
.4
.3
.7
39.3
38.9
38.7
38.1
37.8

: (2550)
.. 2552
.. 2553
2,896,106 99.83
87

 2 , 9 0 0 , 7 5 9
9,701,354
78.2

12,405,597

99.83
78.2 37.8

(
) 0.61 (7,998,151-423,586 / 12,405,597 )
1 SMEs 0.35 (3,417,860.7 /
9,701,354)


3

1.

... ..
2 5 5 3





2.




3.


88





.. 2522


. .
2 5 5 2 2 4 4 , 0 8 9 . 0 2 . 7
0 ..
2551 -5.3

3

(1998)

2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
3,858,019. 4,056,550. 4,256,564. 4,361,396. 4,263,363.
(GDP)
0
0
0
0
0
93,809.0 98,085.0 100,511.0 95,190.0 95,221.0

GDP
5.1
4.9
2.5
-2.2
GDP
4.6
2.5
-5.3
0.0

: (2550)
GDP
.. 2552 201,680.3 82.63
GDP

.. 2552 .. 2553 . 112,834
89

 112,729
9 9 . 9 0 5 6 2 , 5 2 8
467,646 83.12
4

SMEs
112,729
99.90
467,646
83.13
201,680.3

LE
103
0.10
94,882
16.87
42,408.7

82.63

17.37

112,832
562,528
244,089.0

: (2550)



45201 15 2552
56,851 .. 2551 62,673 5,822
9.28

..2552 4,431 1,463

8,790
..
2552 10,253 15.28

.. 2546-2550 .. 2547
90

25,196 52,925 47.61

1 5 . 2 8


.. 2549-2551 5,184
5
.. 2549-2551
( )
1
1 - 3
3 - 5
5 - 10
10

()
560
1,421
849
939
1,420

( )
10.79
27.38
16.36
18.10
27.37

1.


2.

,
3.

91

4.

3 ,
3





4

92




1.




2.




3.






-







-


93

4.



5.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

1.


94

2.
1






3.


2



4.







5.
4



95

6. 4








1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
4
, ,





1) ,

2)

,
96





3)







4)
, ,



4

, ,
2.

97

3.



,
,






,

4.





5.

98










6.

7.








.. 2540
710,224 412,522
.. 2543
1 4 . 0

99














.. 2544











Non-Tradable

( )

100

, ,

20













( GATS)
( WTO) ( FTA)

101

Lean Construction







Outsource
Construction Supply Chian Partnership


ValueChain
SMEs
1.

102








2.

. .





3.






4. FTA

103

1.









,
,

,

(2552)

104

 ,

( 2 5 5 2 )




(2553)
,
,
(2545)

1) 2)

2.




, ,



( 2 5 4 3 )


(La Fdration Internationale Des Ingnieurs-Conseils,

105

FIDIC)

3.






,


(2553)


4.

,


( 2 5 4 4 )


,
( 2 5 4 7 )


( 2 5 4 9 )

106

( 2 5 5 2 )


5.




,

(2552)




(2551)



6.

107




7.









(2553)





-
-

1.

108





( , 2553,
234)
(2553)

,
,
,

( 2 5 4 9 )




,
,

2.

, ,

3.

4.
109



5.


6.

7.
,
,

45
5
,


110


,
, , ,
, ,



, ,

111



The Chartered Institute of Building (CIOB)

4
1.


2.



3.

4.

4

ISO 15392 : 2008 -

(ISO)

112

-
-
( Built
Environment)

-


,

,

,

113



,


,


,
, , ,
,
, ,









,







8

114

8
1-4
,
5
5.1


( )

115

, ,


, , ,



,

116

5.2


-

117

-
3
,
-
-

5.3

( )
- (Continual Improvement)


,
,
- (Equity)

,
,
- (Global
Thinking and Local Action)


a)

118

b)

- (Holistic Approach)




- (Involvement of
Interested Parties)

- (Long-Term Consideration)

,
a)

( )
b)

(

)
c)

( ,
, , ,
,
- (Precaution
and Risk Management)


- ()
119



-

, , ,

- (Responsibility)




- (Transparency)
,
,

6




,

(

)
,
,
,
,

120

 ,
, , ,

,

10


,
,

121

,
,


,

,


,
,

()
,
,

2.2

122

SMEs

SMEs

,

11
123

2.3


..
2534
50 50
51 - 200
5 0 - 5 0






1) 2)
3) 4) 5)
6) 7)


1) 2)
3) 4) 5)
6) 7)


124




,



,

125