Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ton Thy L B Trn Phng Chuyn 01- Hnh hc khng gian

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12

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a
a
a
a
O
A
B
D
C
S
O
A
B
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I


Bi 1:
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thoi cnh a, SA = SB = SC = a. Chng minh rng: SB
vung gc SD.

Gii:
+ Gi O l giao im ca AC v BD. V ABCD l hnh thoi
nn O l trung im ca AC v BD

0
1
2
90
ABC ASC SO BO BD
BSD SB SD
+ A = A = =
=






Bi 2:
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD y ABCD l hnh vung, SA vung gc mt phng (ABCD). Gi H, K ln lt
l hnh chiu vung gc ca A trn SB, SD.
a. CMR: SC vung gc mt phng (AHK).
b. Gi I l giao im ca SC vi mt phng (AHK). CMR: HK vung gc AI.
Gii:
a. Ta c:
( ) (1)
AH SB
AH SBC AH SC
AH BC


`

)

( ) (2)
AK SD
AK SDC AK SC
AK DC


`

)

T (1) v (2) ta suy ra ( ) SC AHK
b. Ta c:
v v
SAB SAD SH SK A = A =
/ /
SH SK
HK BD
SB SD
= ( nh l Ta lt o)
BI GING 01.
CC K THUT CHNG MINH QUAN H VUNG GC
P N BI TP T LUYN
Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ton Thy L B Trn Phng Chuyn 01- Hnh hc khng gian

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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N
K
I
O
D
A
C
B
S
M
( )
BD AC
BD SAC
BD SA


`

)

/ /
( )
( )
HK BD
HK SAC HK AI
BD SAC

)


Bi 3:
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD y ABCD l hnh thoi tm O, SA = SC, SB = SD.
a. Chng minh rng: ( ) SO ABCD
b. I, K ln lt l trung im ca BA v BC. Chng minh rng IK vung gc SD.
c. Gi (P) l mt phng song song vi SO cha IK. Chng minh BD vung gc vi mt phng (P).
Gii:
a. Ta c:
( )
SO AC
SO ABCD
SO BD


`

)

b.
( )
( )
IK BD do AC BD
IK SBD IK SD
IK SO


`

)

c. + Gi M l giao im ca SB vi mt phng (P),
N l giao im ca DB vi mt phng (P).
/ /( ), ( )
/ /
( ) ( )
/ /
( )
SO P SO SBD
SO MN
SBD P MN
SO BD
MN BD
MN SO
BD IK
BD P
BD MN
c
+
`
=
)

+
`
)

+
`

)




Bi 4:
Cho lng tr ng ABCD.ABCD, y ABC c AB = AD = a v gc

0
60 BAD = ,
3
AA'
2
a
= . M, N
ln lt l trung im AD v AB. Chng minh rng: ' ( ). AC BDMN
Gii:
+ Gi S BN DM = M l trung im SD, N l trung im SB, A l trung im SA.
+ Gi O = ACBD
+ ABAD u
3
2 3 , '
2
a
AO AC AO a SA CC AO = = = = =
Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ton Thy L B Trn Phng Chuyn 01- Hnh hc khng gian

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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+ Hai Avung SOA v ACC bng nhau

AS ' O CAC = .
M

0 0
AS 90 ' 90 ' O SOA CAC SOA AC SO + = + =
+
'
' ( )
'
AC BD
AC BDMN
AC SO


`

)


Bi 5:
T din SABC c
( ). SA mp ABC Gi H, K ln lt l trc tm ca cc tam gic ABC v SBC.
a. Chng minh SC vung gc vi mp(BHK) v
( ) ( ) SAC BHK
b. Chng minh
( ) HK SBC v
( ) ( ). SBC BHK

Gii:


a. V H l trc tm tam gic ABC BH AC A , theo gi thit
( ) SA mp ABC BH SA . Nn
( ) BH mp SAC SC BH
Do K l trc tm SBC BK SC A
T suy ra
( ) ( ) ( ) SC mp BHK mp BHK mp SAC (pcm)
b. Tng t nh trn ta cng chng minh c:
( ) SB mp CHK SB HK
M
( ) SC mp BHK SC HK .
B
S
C
A
H
K
Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ton Thy L B Trn Phng Chuyn 01- Hnh hc khng gian

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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Do :
( ) ( ) ( ) HK mp SBC mp SBC mp BHK
Bi 6:
Cho lng tr ng ABC.ABC c tt c cc cnh u bng a. Gi M l trung im ca AA. Chng minh
rng BM vung gc vi BC.
Gii:







Gi I l tm hnh vung BCCB nn I l trung im ca BC.
M l trung im AA nn MC=MB suy ra tam gic MBC cn ti M
' ; ' ' ' . B C MI B C BC B C MB
Bi 7:
Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh vung tm O cnh a. ( ) SA ABCD . Gi H, I, K ln lt l hnh
chiu vung gc ca A trn SB, SC, SD v J l hnh chiu ca B trn SC. Gi M, N, P, Q ln lt l trung
im ca AB, AD, BC, SC. CMR:
1. ( ); 2. ( ); 3. ( ); 4. ( ); BC SAB CD SAD AH SBC AK SCD

5. ( ); 6. ( ); 7. ( ); 8. ( ); SC AHK OM SAB ON SAD BC OPQ

9. ; 10. ; 11. ; 12. ; BC SB CD SD AH SC AK SC

13.( ) ( ); 14.( ) ( ); 15. ( ) ( ); 16.( ) ( ); SBC SAB SCD SAD AHK SBC AHK SCD

17.( ) ( ); 18.( ) ( ); 19.( ) ( ); 20.( ) ( ); AHK SAC OQM SAB OQN SAD OPQ SBC
Gii:
A
A
B
B
C
C
M
I
Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ton Thy L B Trn Phng Chuyn 01- Hnh hc khng gian

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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1. BC AB (gi thit ABCD l hnh vung)
BC SA (do gi thit SA (ABCD))
BC (SAB).
2. CD AD (gi thit ABCD l hnh vung),
CD SA (do gi thit SA (ABCD))
CD (SAD).
3. AH SB (gi thit),
AH BC (do theo cu 1 ta c BC (SAB) m AH c (SBC) )
AH (SBC)
4. AK SD (gi thit)
AK CD (do theo cu 2 ta c CD (SAD) m AK c (SAD) )
AK (SCD)
5. AH (SBC) (do theo cu 3) AH SC
AK (SCD) (do theo cu 4) AK SC
Vy SC (AHK)
6. OM l ng trung bnh ca tam gic ABC nn OM//BC, m BC (SAB) (do theo cu 1) nn
OM (SAB)

7. ON l ng trung bnh ca tam gic ABD nn ON//AB//CD m CD (SAD) (do theo cu 2)
nn ON (SAD).

8. OP l ng trung bnh ca tam gic BDC nn OP//CD m BC CD (gi thit) nn BC OP
(*).
OQ l ng trung bnh ca tam gic SAC nn OQ//SA m SA (ABCD) nn OQ (ABCD),
BC OQ (**).
Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ton Thy L B Trn Phng Chuyn 01- Hnh hc khng gian

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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Vy t (*) v (**) ta c BC (OPQ)
9. Theo cu 1: BC (SAB) BC SB.

10. Theo cu 2: CD (SAD) CD SD.

11. Theo cu 3: AH (SBC) AH SC.

12. Theo cu 4: AK (SCD) AK SC.

13. Theo cu 1: BC (SAB) m BC c (SBC) (SBC) (SAB).

14. Theo cu 2: CD (SAD) m CD c (SCD) (SCD) (SAD).

15. Theo cu 3: AH (SBC) m AH c (AHK) (AHK) (SBC).

16. Theo cu 4: AK (SCD) m AK c (AHK) (AHK) (SCD).

17. Theo cu 5: SC (AHK) m SC c (SAC) (SAC) (AHK).

18. Theo cu 6: OM (SAB) m OM c (OMQ) (OMQ) (SAB).

19. Theo cu 7: ON (SAD) m ON c (ONQ) (ONQ) (SAD).

20. Theo cu 8: BC (OPQ) m BC c (SBC) (SBC) (OPQ).

Gio vin : L B Trn Phng
Ngun : Hocmai.vn