Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ton Thy L B Trn Phng Hnh hc gii tch phng

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12

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Bi 1: ChoABC c nh A(1;2), ng trung tuyn BM: 2 1 0 x y + + = v phn gic trong CD:
1 0 x y + = . Vit phng trnh ng thng BC.
Gii:
im ( ) : 1 0 ;1 C CD x y C t t + = .
Suy ra trung im M ca AC l
1 3
;
2 2
t t
M
+ | |
|
\
.
( )
1 3
: 2 1 0 2 1 0 7 7;8
2 2
t t
M BM x y t C
+ | |
+ + = + + = =
|
\

T A(1;2), k : 1 0 AK CD x y + = ti I (im K BC ).
Suy ra ( ) ( ) : 1 2 0 1 0 AK x y x y = + = .
Ta im I tha h: ( )
1 0
0;1
1 0
x y
I
x y
+ =

+ =

.
Tam gic ACK cn ti C nn I l trung im ca AK ta ca ( ) 1; 0 K
ng thng BC i qua C, K nn c phng trnh:
1
4 3 4 0
7 1 8
x y
x y
+
= + + =
+

Bi 2:
Trong mt phng ta Oxy, cho hnh ch nht ABCD c din tch bng 12, tm I thuc ng thng
( ) : 3 0 d x y = v c honh
9
2
I
x = , trung im ca mt cnh l giao im ca (d) v trc Ox. Tm
ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht.
Gii:
I c honh
9
2
I
x = v ( )
9 3
: 3 0 ;
2 2
I d x y I
| |
=
|
\

KIN THC C BN V NG THNG (Phn 1)
HNG DN GII BI TP T LUYN
Gio vin: L B TRN PHNG
Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ton Thy L B Trn Phng Hnh hc gii tch phng

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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Vai tr A, B, C, D l nh nhau nn trung im M ca cnh AD l giao im ca (d) v Ox, suy ra M(3;0)
( ) ( )
2 2 9 9
2 2 2 3 2
4 4
I M I M
AB IM x x y y = = + = + =
D
12
. D = 12 AD = 2 2.
3 2
ABCD
ABC
S
S AB A
AB
= = =
( ) AD d
M AD

, suy ra phng trnh AD: ( ) ( ) 1. 3 1. 0 0 3 0 x y x y + = + = .

Li c MA = MD = 2 .
Vy ta A, D l nghim ca h phng trnh:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2 2 2
3 0
3 3
3 2 3 3 2 3 2
x y
y x y x
x y x x x y
+ = = + = +



+ = + = + =

3 2
3 1 1
y x x
x y
= =


= =

hoc
4
1
x
y
=

.Vy A(2;1), D(4;-1)

9 3
;
2 2
I
| |
|
\
l trung im ca AC, suy ra:
2 9 2 7
2
2 3 1 2
2
A C
I
C I A
A C C I A
I
x x
x
x x x
y y y y y
y
+
=

= = =

+ = = =

Tng t I cng l trung im BD nn ta c: B(5;4).
Vy ta cc nh ca hnh ch nht l (2;1), (5;4), (7;2), (4;-1)
Bi 3:
Trong mt phng vi h ta Oxy, cho tam gic ABC bit phng trnh cc ng thng cha cc cnh
AB, BC ln lt l 4x + 3y 4 = 0; x y 1 = 0. Phn gic trong ca gc A nm trn ng thng
x + 2y 6 = 0. Tm ta cc nh ca tam gic ABC.
Gii:
Ta ca A nghim ng h phng trnh: ( )
4 3 4 0 2
2; 4
2 6 0 4
x y x
A
x y y
+ = =


+ = =


Ta ca B nghim ng h phng trnh ( )
4 3 4 0 1
1; 0
1 0 0
x y x
B
x y y
+ = =


= =


Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ton Thy L B Trn Phng Hnh hc gii tch phng

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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ng thng AC i qua im A(-2;4) nn phng trnh c dng:
( ) ( ) 2 4 0 2 4 0 a x b y ax by a b + + = + + =
Gi
1 2 3
: 4 3 4 0; : 2 6 0; : 2 4 0 x y x y ax by a b + = + = + + =
T gi thit suy ra ( )

( )

2 3 1 2
; ; = . Do :
( )

( )

( )
2 3 1 2
2 2
2 2
| 1. 2. | | 4.1 2.3|
cos ; cos ;
25. 5
5.
0
| 2 | 2 3 4 0
3 4 0
a b
a b
a
a b a b a a b
a b
+ +
= =
+
=
+ = + =

=

+ a = 0 0 b . Do
3
: 4 0 y =
+ 3a 4b = 0: C th cho a = 4 th b = 3. Suy ra
3
: 4 3 4 0 x y + = (trng vi
1
).
Do vy, phng trnh ca ng thng AC l y - 4 = 0.
Ta ca C nghim ng h phng trnh: ( )
4 0 5
5; 4
1 0 4
y x
C
x y y
= =


= =


Bi 4:
Trong mt phng Oxy cho tam gic ABC c trng tm G(2, 0) bit phng trnh cc cnh AB, AC theo
th t l 4x + y + 14 = 0; 2 5 2 0 x y + = . Tm ta cc nh A, B, C.
Gii:
Ta A l nghim ca h
4 14 0 4
2 5 2 0 2
x y x
x y y
+ + = =

+ = =

A(4, 2)
V G(2, 0) l trng tm ca ABC nn

3 2
3 2
G A B C B C
G A B C B C
x x x x x x
y y y y y y
= + + + =

= + + + =

(1)

V B(x
B
, y
B
) AB y
B
= 4x
B
14 (2)
C(x
C
, y
C
) AC
2 2
5 5
C
C
x
y = + ( 3)
Kha hc LTH m bo mn Ton Thy L B Trn Phng Hnh hc gii tch phng

Hocmai.vn Ngi trng chung ca hc tr Vit Tng i t vn: 1900 58-58-12
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Th (2) v (3) vo (1) ta c
2
3 2
2 2
1 0 4 14 2
5 5
B C
B B
C
C C B
x x
x y
x
x y x
+ =
= =

= = + =

Vy A(4, 2), B(3, 2), C(1, 0)


Gio vin: L B Trn Phng
Ngun: Hocmai.vn