hnZym-`ymk

Ah-Imi \nb-a-ns ]m--e-n KpW-ta--bp

hnZym-`ymkw Ipn-bpsS Ah-Im-i-am-Wv. Pohn-X-bm-Ymy-sf A]{K-Y-\-hn-t[-b-amn {]iv\-sf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cnp--Xn-\pw, ]cn-l-cn-p-Xn\pw hnZym-`ymkw Hcmsf {]m]vX-cm--Ww. Cs\ PohnXs
apJm-apJw t\cn-Sp--Xn Ipnsb klm-bn-p--Xn hnZym-e-b-n\pw
s]mXp-k-aq-l-n\pw Hcpt]mse _m[y-X-ap-v. Cu shp-hnfn Gs-Spp-sIm-p-am-{Xta ]pXn-sbmcp hnZym-`ymk kwkvIm-c-s-n kwkmcn-m \apv km[n-q.
hnZym-`ymks A-]qW-am-p--Xn kaq-l-n\v hen-b IS-abp-v. Ipnv honepw hnZym-`ym-k-n\v icn-bmb Ah-kc e`n-Ww. km-n-Itam kmwkvm-cn-Itam enwK-]-c-tam Bb ]cn-an-Xn-I
CXn\v XSkw \np-IqSm. Ccw XS-- Xn \on Ipnv A]qW-amb ]T-\m\p`h- \tI--Xp-v. AXn\v Hmtcm hoSpw Hcp-Ww; Hmtcm hnZym-e-bhpw k-amI-Ww.
`uXn-I-ku-I-cy- Hcp-p-Xv hnZym-`ymk {]{In-bsb klm-bn-psa--Xn kwi-b-an-. Fm AXp-sImp am{X-am-bn-. amdp Imen-\-\p-k-cnv A[ym-]-I-k-aq-lhpw amd-Ww. ]g-a-bpsS \-I kzoIcn-p-sImv ]pXp-a-sb kzmwio-I-cn-p A[ym-]-I! Adn-hns almkm-K-c- hncp-n e`y-am-p sF.-Sn. Ime-v \nc-cw kzbw
]cn-tim-[n-p-Ibpw ]pXp-p-Ibpw sNm A[ym-]-I Aamnp
IqSm.
Xm \Sp h hgn-Isf hni-I-e\ hnt[-b-am-n sXp-I Xocp-n
apt-dm A[ym-]-I\pw \lmbamh-iy-ap-v. Cu klm-b-sa-n-p-Xn A[ym-]I imoIcWn\v apJy-]
-- p-h-ln-m\pv.
tIc-f-nse apgp-h Pn-I-fn-epw {]mXn-\n-[ym-Sn-m-\-n hnZym-eb- sXc-s-Spv ]cn-io-e-\m-h-iy- Is-p--Xn-\p ]T\w
\S-p. Cu ]T\ dntmnsbpw hnhn[ Xe--fn-ep hnZym-eb
ki-\--fptSbpw t_kvsse Ak-kvsa v Un-bp-tSbpw shfn-n-emWv Hmw mkntep hmjn-I- ]m-tPv Xm-dm-n-b-Xv.
Hmtcm hnj-bhpambpw _sv A[ym-]I
- \pw Ipnbpw t\cn-Sp {]bmk-fpw shphnfnIfpw hne-bn-cpn AXp ]cn-l-cn-pXn\v Bhiy-amb {]h\ Cu hmjnI ]mt-Pv aptmpshpp.
Cs\ ey t\Sm\p {]{InbbIfpw {]h\fpaSnb
]mtPn\v ImktKmUv Pnbnse A[y]IkaqlamWv Poh
\tIXv . AXn\h kcmWv FXn \apthpw
A`nam\nmw; ktmjnmw. AXn\mbn \apsmcpanv {]hnmw.

kn.Fw._meIrjvW
({]nkn, Ubv ImktKmUv)

DSw
aebmfw {]h\ ]mtPv 3-16
KWnXw {]h\ ]mtPv 17 25
]cnkc]T\w {]h\ ]mtPv 2731
Acsmcp {]h\ 3346

A\p_w 1 : hmb\msmnentep ]pkv X I 4748

A\p_w 2 : {]h\ Ie 4952
A\p_w 3 : agtbm... ag bq\nv m 5359
A\p_w 4 : mknep]tbmKnmhp Nne IfnI 60

Hmw mknse Hmtcm Ipnbpw

kz-X-{-hm-b-\-m-c, cN-bn-Xmhv

{]h\ ]mtPv aebmfw

kz-X-{-hm-b-\bpw cN-\bpw Hmw mkn

Hmtcm Ipn-sbbpw kz-X-{-\mb ]Tn-Xmhpw hy-nbpw
kaq-l-Po-hn-bp-ambn hfcm th Ah-k-c- HcppI F-XmWv hnZ-ym-`-ym-k-ns {]Y-a-amb eyw.
IpnbpsS imco-cn-Ihpw am\kn-Ihpw sshIm-cn-Ihpw
kmaq-ln-I-hpw _pn-]-c-hp-amb ka-{K-hnIk\n-eqsS
am{Xta CXp km[-y-am-Iq. ka{K hnI-k-\-n-\p A\p`-h- Hmw mkn-se-p Ipnsb kw_-n-n-Stmfw \nm-b-I-am-Wv. \psS kml-N-c-y-n,
Hmw mkn-se-p Hmtcm Ipnbpw B mknse ]T\n\p th A\p-`-h-fpw {]Xo-nX ]T\ ss\]pWn-Ifpw BPn-n-p-sv ]d-bm-\m-In-. A\p`hfpsS A]-c-ym-]vX-X-tbbpw A-c-tbpw kvIqfnse ]T\--t_m-[\ {]{Inb {]tX-yIw ]cn-K-Wn-t--Xp-v.
cm-a-Xm-bn Ipn-I-fpsS hyXn-cn--amb Ign-hp-Ifpw
]T\ coXn-I-fpw Hmw mkp apX Xs kvq ]cnK-Wn-t--Xp-v. Hmtcm Ipnbpw temI-sbpw A\p`-h-sbpw a\-n-em-m\pw hym-J-ym-\n-m-\pw, {]XoI-h-XvI-cn-m\pw, {]I-Sn-n-m\pw {ian-p-Xv _pnbpsS hnhn[ am\- D]- t bm- K n- m- W v ; AmsX
hmbnpw Fgp-Xnbpw Xs A. Cu am\-sf ]T\

{]{In-b-bn D]-tbm-Kn-m\pw hnI-kn-n-m\pw kvq

_m[-y--am-Wv.
C-c-samcp ho-W-n-eqsS ]cn-tim-[n-p-tm IfnI, \nm-Ww, kwL-{]-h-\-, \mSIfn-I,
Nn{Xwhc- b v , Fgpv , KWnXw Fn- h - s bmw
kKmI {]Im-i-\-n-\p Ipn-bpsS {ia--fmbn
Icp-Xmw. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn, `mj FXv tIhew A-ctfm ]Z-tfm A. AS-bm-ffpw A-fpw ASnbXpw kzbw {]Im-i-\-n-\p--Xp-amb hy-h-bmWXv. kaql Pohn F \nebn Cu hyh--bpsS
BPn \nm-b-I-am-Wv. `mj-bpsS D]-I-c-W-fmb {ih-Ww,-`m-j-Ww, hmb\,-F-gpv Fn-h-tbmtcmpw kzX-{hpw kKm--Ihpamb {]Imi\n\v
D-h-bm-sW-p Xncn-dnhv ]mTy]XnbpsS ASnm\ inebmbn ]cn-KW
- n-s
- -Sp-p.-C
- c
- s
- amcp ]m-e-n-emWv Hmw mknse `mjm{]h\
{IaoI- c n- m\pw ]pXnsbmcp ho- W - t ImWn- e qsS
t\mnmWm\pap Cu ]mtPv Ah-Xcnnp--Xv.

Hmw mknse Hmtcm Ipn-tbbpw kzX{ hmb-\-m-c\pw cN-bnXm-hp-amn ampI

kzX{hm-b-\-m-c : Xs Xmev]-cy-, Bh-iy- Fnhbv\pkcnp hmb\m kma-{Kn-I
sXc-s-Sp-m\pw hmbn-m-kz-Zn-m\pw hmb\bn hnhn[ X{- D]-tbm-Kn-m\pw Xs hmb-\-bpsS
Xmev]-cy-/ey- \nhNnm\pw hmb\mbn kabw Is-m\pw Ign-bp--bm.
kzX-{-c-NbnXmhv : A\p-`-h-fn \npw e`n hnh-c-sf Xt-Xm-b, Nn-I, hnIm-c-, A`n-{]m-b, Bi-b- Fnhbp-ambn tNn-Wn BhnizmktmsS {]ISnnphm (Fgpv, Nn{Xw,
]T\{]IS\ FnhbneqsS) Ign-bp--bm.

kzX{ hmb-\bpw cN-\-bpw {]Xo-nX ]T\ t\

Hmw mknse Hmtcm-Ip-nbpw kzX-{-hm-b-\-m-c\pw
cN-bn-Xmhpw BIpXns {]Xo-nX ]T-\-t\-
{ihWw , hmb-\, `mj-Ww,-te-J\w Fo ASn-m\
`mj ss\]pWnI-fp-ambn _s--Sp-n-bn-cn-p-p. Cu
taJ-e-Itfm {]Xo-nX ]T-\-t\--tfm AXv tcJsSpnb {Ia-n H-n-\p-tijw asmv F coXn-bn
mkn \S-n-em-mt\m hne-bncp-mt\m ey-an-n-p-h-b-. adnv Hmw mknse ]mTy-]-Xn ip]mi

sNp ]T-\m-\p-`-h-fn-epsS IS-p-t]m-Ip Ipn

Bn-p `mjm]camb ]T-\-t\- BWn-h-.
`mjm-]-c-amb AdnhpI Nm{In-I-ambn hne-bn-cp-m\pw
Hmtcm- I p- npw Bhiyamb ]npW XpS- b mbn
\Im\pw Aym-]-I-s\bpw cn-Xm-hn-s\bpw klmbnp-I F [w IqSn Ch-bvpv.

1. {ih-Ww hyXykvX k`fn hnhn-[--fmb Dd-hn-S-fn \np Bib, hnh-c Fnh hnhn[--fmb Bh-iy-mbn {itbmsS tIp-p.
5. hW-\m--I-amb hnhn-[-]m-T (I-Y-I, ]mv)
tIm-kz-Zn-p-Ibpw AXnse IYm]m{X, kw`h
Fnh kw_-n at\m-Nn-{X- `mh-\mXvaI-ambn
cq]oIcn-p-Ibpw Bhn-jvI-cnpIbpw sNp-p.

1.1. hnh- c tiJcn- m\pw Bi- b cq]oI- c - W n\pambn tIp-Ibpw ]d-bp-Ibpw hmbnpIbpw
Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNp-p.
1 {]kvXm-h-\-I, hnh-c-,Iv apX-em-b ]mT-
tIv Ah-bn \np- hnhc- tiJcnp-p.

6. tIXn \np- hnh- c Hmn- p- I bpw

AXnse hkvXp-, e, Po-hn-I, kw-`-h-
Fnh Nn{Xw, Ne-\w, \mS-I-fn Fn-h-bn-epsS AhX-cn-n-p-Ibpw sNpp.

2. Nmntem ]pkvX-I-ntem D ]mT- tIv Ahbn \npap hnhc tiJ-cn-p-p.

3. Nmntem ]pkvX-I-ntem D ]mT- tIv ]Z, hmIy Fnh Xncndnbpp.

1.3. Xt-Xmb coXn-bn hnai-\m--I-ambn A]-{K-Ynm\pw hne-bn-cp-m-\p-ambn tIpIbpw hmbn-pIbpw ]d-bp-Ibpw FgpXp-Ibpw sNp-p.

4. Ifn-I ,Nn{Xwhc-bv, \nmW {]h-\-,

{Kqp {]h\w Fnhbn Gs-Sm-\p \nti tIp-Ibpw AX-\p-k-cnv Xs {]h-\sf \nb{np-Ibpw {]tbm-Kn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

1. tiJ-cn hnh-c-, Bib Fn-hsb ASnm\-amn Xs A`n-{]mbw cq]oI-cn-p-Ibpw hnh-c, Bi-b- Fn-hsb hne-bn-cp-p-Ibpw sNpp.

1.2 Bi-b-]-c-hpw kKm--Ihpamb {]I-S-\-pw

{]Xn-I-c-W-p-ambn tIp-Ibpw hmbnp-Ibpw
]d-bp-Ibpw Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNp-p.

2. i_vZ, kwKo-Xw, {]t]-W- Fn-h-bn

AS-nb hnhc-fpw Bi-b-fpw ktifpw ]nSns-Sp-p-p.

1. IY-I, ]mp-I, kw`m-j-W, BJym\w Fnh

tIpw hmbnhXcnnpXv tIpw BkzZnpp.

1.4 kmap-ly-ambn CS-s]-Sm\pw Bi-bh

- n-\n-ab
-
- n-\p-ambn
tIpIbpw hmbnp-Ibpw ]dbpIbpw FgpXpIbpw
sNpp.

2. ]mp-I, kw`mj-W-, tdmt, \mS-I--fn-I

Fnh Bkm-Zn-p-Ibpw AXn-\-\p-k-cn-p icoc Ne\--fn Gs-Sp-I-bpw sNpp.

1. t\cnv kwkm-cnpt {i-tbmsSbpw DNnXamb

t\m- t m- s Sbpw
ico- c - h n\ymktm- s Sbpw
apJ`mhtmsSbpw tIpp.

3. ]Z-/hmIy/Bi-b- Fnh tIv Ah

kqNn-n-p Nn{X- IspItbm C-hbpw Nn{Xfpw Xn tbmPn-n-p-Itbm Nn{Xw hcbvptbm
sNp-p.

2. av Ipn-I-fp-amtbm Aym-]nItbm-Sptam kwkm-cnp- t m Ah kwkm- c n- - X nse hnh- c /Bib Fnh ]nSn-sSpp-p.

4. tIpw, hmbnXptIpw AXnse IYm-]m-{X-,

kw`hew, {]-tabw, I-Y/kw`hw Fnh Is-pp.

2. Bi-b-{]-I-S-\hpw `mj-Whpw : hyXy-kvX-amb k`-, ey, Bh-iy-

Fnhbv\ptbmPyamb D-S
- t- mSpw LS-\t- bmSpw IqSn {IaoIcnv kwkmcnp-p.
Iv, t]mkv Fnhbnse hnh-c-fpw Bi-b--fpambn _sSp-p-p.

2.1 hnh- c tiJcn- m\pw Bi- b cp]oI- c - W n\pambn tIp-Ibpw ]d-bp-Ibpw hmbnpIbpw
Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNp-p.

3. Hn-e-[nIw Bi-b-sftbm kw`-h--sftbm {Ian ]d-bp-p. (DZm: tI IY ]d-b, Hcp Znh-ks

Imcy- ]d-b)

1. tI/hmbn/tiJ-cn hnh-c-, Bi-b, \nti- , \nco- - W - Fnh Iqp- I m- t cmtSm

apXnh-tcmtSm ]d-bp-p.

4. \nt-i-, mkv apdn-bnse Nn-I, Ifn-bnse

\nb- a , {]h\{Iaw, IYbnse Imcy-

2. kzw A\p`h-f
- n \np hnh-csf hnh-cW
- w,

sXv Fo Imcy {Kqv {]h\ thfbntem

AXn\p-tijtam ]nSpp.

Fnh hyamm-\p tNmZy tNmZn-pp.

5. hc Nn{X, \nn-,- Ifn-tm-p-I, ]mh apXemh D]- t bm- K nv Hcp Bibstbm ]Z- s tbm
kw`httbm hnh-cn-p-p.

2. IY, BJym-\w, ]mv, t]m, Nn{Xw, tdmt, \mSI- - f n Fn- h sb Ipdnv CjvSm- \ n- j vS- fpw
A`n{]mbfpw {]I-Snnpp.

6. cp t], sNdp{Kqv, apgp-h mkv Fo kw`mjW k`fn tbmPn-hn[w ]s-Spv kwkmcnpp.

3. ctm AXn-e-[n-Itam IY-I-fnse IYm-]m-{X-

]mm-ew, kw`-h- Fnh _-s-Spn XmcXayw sNp-p.

2.2 Bi-b-]-c-hpw kKm--Ihpamb {]I-S-\-pw

{]Xn-I-c-W-p-ambn tIp-Ibpw hmbnp-Ibpw
]d-bp-Ibpw Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNp-p.

4. Hcp ]pkvXItam IYtbm ]mtm sXc-s-Sp-p-Xn Xt-Xmb am\-Z-- (\n-dw, hep-w, Nn{X,
IYm-]m-{X-) hnhcn-p-p.

1. IY-bn-sebpw BJym-\nsebpw IYm-]m{X-,

kw`h Ch tdmtbnepsSbpw \mS-I--fn-bn-epsSbpw Ah-X-cn-n-pp.

5. Xs Pohn-Xm\p`hsf IY-bnse IYm-]m-{X-fpw

kw`-h--fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv hyXym-k- ]dbp-p.

2. IY, ]mv, BJym\w Fn-hbpambn _-sv Xs

HmI, hnImc-,- NnI Fnh Ah-X-cn-npp.

6. hmbn ]pkvX-I--fn \npw kam-\-am-bh sXcs-Sp-v AXn\p Imc-W ]d-bp-p.

3. tItXm hmbnptItXm Bb IY, BJym\w Fnh-bnse A\p-`-h- kzw A\p-`-h--fp-ambn tNv

]d-bp-p.

2.4 kmap-ly-ambn CS-s]-Sm\pw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-n-\pambn tIpIbpw hmbnp- I bpw ]dbpIbpw

FgpXpIbpw sNpp.

4. ]cn-Nn-X-amb hkvXp-, hyn-I, e-

Fnh hnh-cn-p-p.

1. X\n-n-jvS-s IY-I, ]mp-I, kw`-h, sNmpI, tNmZy-, apImcy Fnh Iqp-Im-cp-ambpw

apXn-h-cp-ambpw ]n-Sp-p.

5. IY, ]mv, BJym\w Fnhbnse kw`-h-tftbm

ktitftbm IqSp-X hyamm\p tNmZy
tNmZn-p-p.

2. Ipn-I kzbw cNn IY-I, Nn{X, ]pkvX-I, cN-\-I Fn-h-bnse D-Sw cp t]cpsS
{Kpntem sNdp{Kpntem N sNp-p.

2.3 Xt-Xmb coXn-bn hnai-\m--I-ambn A]-{K-Ynm\pw hne-bn-cp-m-\p-ambn tIpIbpw hmbn-pIbpw ]d-bp-Ibpw FgpXp-Ibpw sNp-p.

3. mkn-sebpw kvpfn-sebpw IppIm-cp-ambn CS-sSm-\p ]T\ {]I-S-\- (I-Y, ]mv, \mS-I--fn) cq]oI-cn-m-\mbn sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb {Kpp-Ifn {]hnp-p.

1. Hcp Bi-btam {]iv\tam {]ta-btam Bbn _sv X\nv Fdnbmw, F-mWv Adn-tb--Xv, ]Tn--

3. hmb-\-bn-epsS kzX{hmb-\-bn-tev : Fgp-X-pXns coXn Xncn--dnv hnhn[-fmb

]mT-fpw kma{KnIfpw HgptmsSbpw Bi-b{- K-lW
- t- m-sSbpw hnhn[ hmb\mX{- {]tbmKnp hmbn-p-p.
3.1 hnh- c tiJcn- m\pw Bi- b cp]oI- c - W n\pambn tIp-Ibpw ]d-bp-Ibpw hmbnpIbpw
Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNp-p.

hne, Nn{Xw hcbm, hmbnt-Xns XpS-w, ]nI-h,

t]Pv \--dp-I apX-emb hnh-c Ispp.
3. Nn{X-fpw AXp-ambn _-s Fgppw Xn
tbmPnnp hmbn-p

1. ]pkvXInse Nn{X-, Fgpv Fn-h-bn

\npw hkvXpXIfpw Bi-b-fpw hmbn-s-Sp-p-p.

4. IYm]-chpw Am-Xpamb ]mT- (I-Y, BJym\w, -hn-h-c-Ww, t]m, Iv) thXn-cn--dn-bp-p.

2. ]pkvX-I--fpsS apI-h t]cv, cN-bn-Xm-hns t]cv,

3.2 Bi-b-]-c-hpw kKm--Ihpamb {]I-S-\-pw

{]Xn-I-c-W-p-ambn tIp-Ibpw hmbnp-Ibpw
]d-bp-Ibpw Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNp-p.

11. (hnhn[ amXr-I-I, FUnnv, hmb-\, ]Z\nmWw

Fo {]{In-b-I-fnepsS) hmb-\-bn Xm hcp-p
sXpI Is-m\pw Ah XpSp hmb-\-bn
{]tbm-Knv kzbw Xncp-m\pw apXn-cp-p.

1. ]pkvX-I-ns t]cv, Nn{X, Ih-dp-I, IYm-]m{XfpsS t]cp-I Fnh Xncn-dnv AXnse {]tabhpw kw`hfp-a-Snb D-Sw {]h-Nn-p-p.

12. IY, hnh-c-Ww, ]mv, kw`m-jWw Fn-h-bpsS `mjm]-chpw (D-]-tbm-Kn-p ]Zmhen, ssien-I, av `mjmL-S-I-) LS-\m-]-c-hp-amb (XpSw, hf, HSp-w)
{]tXyIXI Xncndnv {]tbm-Kn-p-p.

2. {]h-N-\- F{X-am{Xw icn-bm-sWv hmbnv (Nn{X-, ]Z- apX-em-b-h) Is-p-p.

13. X\nv CjvS-s ]mT-, ]pkvX-I- Fnh

tiJ-cn-p-Ibpw CS-bvnsS hmbn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

3. ]pkvX-I-ns/]mT-ns D-S--hpambn _s BnX Adn-hp-I Hmnp-Ibpw D-S--hpambn _-s kn Un Zriy, Nn{X- Fnh
hmbnv ]pXnb hnh-c tiJ-cn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

3.3 Xt-Xmb coXn-bn hnai-\m--I-ambn A]-{K-Ynm\pw hne-bn-cp-m-\p-ambn tIpIbpw hmbn-pIbpw ]d-bp-Ibpw FgpXp-Ibpw sNp-p.

4. BJym- \ - ] - c hpw `mh- \ m- - I - h p- a mb ]mT- ,

Nn{X Fnh hmbnpw tdmt, \mS-I-fn Fo
{]IS\ Ipw AXnse Bi-btfmSv {]Xn-Icnpp

1. ]mTfn \npw {]I-S-\--fn \np-ap {]tabw,

Bi-bw, A\p-`-h- Fnh Is-p-Ibpw kzw
Adnhp-I-fp-ambn Xn-p-t\mn hni-Zo-I-cn-p-Ibpw sNpp.

5. IY, BJym\w Fn-h-bn-se IYm-]m-{X-, ]mmew, kw`-h- Fnh Xncn--dnbp-Ibpw AXv `mhm\m--I-amb hn[-n Nn{X- , at\m-]-Sw, \mS-Ifn Fn-h-bn-epsS ]p\c-h-X-cn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

2. hmb-\-bvp-ap]pw hmb-\bvp tij-hp-ambn X\nv

F-dn-bmw, FmWv AdntbXv, ]Tn-sXv Fnh
Is-p-Ibpw {Kqnepw mknepw ]n-Sp-Ibpw sNpp.

6. hmb-\-bpsS hnhn[ X{ (Xp-Sv Fp \Sp-sav {]h-Nn- , tNmZy- tNmZn-, kam-\kw`hfpw IYm-]m-{X--fp-ambn _-s-Sp- ,a\n Nn{X cp]s-Sp-, sXfn-hp-I Is-)
{]tbm-Knv hmbn-p-Ibpw Bibfpw hkvXp-X-Ifpw
Hmn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

3. IY-bnse kw`hfpsS {Ia-n am hcpn

IY-bpsS Ayw amp-p.
4. {]ta-bw, IY, Nn{X ,cN-bn-Xm-hv, Fo am\-Z--fpsS ASnm-\-n ]pkvX-I, ]mp-I,
kwKoXw Fnh sXc-s-Sp-pIbpw hyn-K-X-ambn
hnebncppIbpw sNp-p.

7. I-Y, BJym\w, ]mv, kw`mjWw Fn-h-bnse IYm]m- { X- - f p- s Sbpw k`fpsSbpw {]tXyIXI

Isn AXn\\ptbmPyamb hn[- n i_v Z
hyXnbm\-tfmsS kz-ambpw {Kpnepw hmbn-p-p.

5. hmbn-m B{K-ln-p ]pkvXI

-
- f
- psS env Xmdmn ,hmbn--Xn-\p-tijap A`n{]mbfpw {]Xn-I-cW-fpw tcJ-s-Sp-nsmv ImtemKv \nn-p-p.

8. ]cn-Nn-X-amb ]Z-, hmIy Fnh D]-tbmKnv A]-cn-Nn-X-amb ]Z, hmIy- Fn-hbpsS

Ahpw Bibhpw ]nSn-s-Sp-pp.

6. Fm Znh-khpw Hcp \nnX kabw kzX-{-ambn

hmbnp-p.

9. hmbn--Xnse kw`h Hmnv {Ian Ah-X-cn-n-p-p.

3.4 kmap-ly-ambn CS-s]-Sm\pw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-n-\pambn tIpIbpw hmbnp- I bpw ]dbpIbpw

FgpXpIbpw sNpp.

10. hmbn ]mT-sf DNnX-amb kma-{Kn-I, apJwaqSn, thj-hn-[m\w Fnh

D]tbmKnv tdmt, \mSI- fn Fn- h - b n- e psS
Ah-X-cn-n-p-p.

1. au\-ambpw hmNn-Ia
- mbpw (cp-t]-cpsS {Kpnepw sNdp{Kp-nepw aphp-th-nbpw)hmbn-p-p

4. Bi-b{- ]-IS- \
- hpw Fgppw: hyXy-kvXa
- mb Bh-iy-pw Ah-kc
-
- pw tbmPn hn[n Xs Nn-sbbpw Bi-b--sfbpw Fgpn-eqsS {]I-Sn-n-pp.
4.1 hnh- c tiJcn- m\pw Bi- b cq]oI- c - W n\pambn tIp-Ibpw ]d-bp-Ibpw hmbnpIbpw
Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNp-p.

4.3 Xt-Xmb coXn-bn hnai-\m--I-ambn A]-{K-Ynm\pw hne-bn-cp-m-\p-ambn tIpIbpw hmbn-pIbpw ]d-bp-Ibpw FgpXp-Ibpw sNp-p.

1. Bh-iy-ap-Xpw CjvS-s--Xp-amb ]Z-, hmIy Fnhsb ]pkvX-I-, t_mUv, Nmv, Fnh-bn \npw Xncn-dnbp-Ibpw FgpXpIbpw sNp-p.

1. ]pkvX-I-, IYI, apX-em-bh hmbnv A`n{]mbfpw hne-bn-cp--ep-Ifpw Fgp-Xntbm Nn{Xw hc-tm

t]mvt^mfn-tbm-bn Ds-Sp-p-p.

2. Nn{Xhcpw/Fgp-Xnbpw {][m\ Bi-bfpw

A`n-{]m-b-fpw {]I-Sn-n-p-p.

2. hmbn ]pkvX-I-, IY-I Fn-h-bpsS t]cv,

\S ew, IYm-]m-{X-, kw`-h apX-em-bh
AS-nb Bi-b-]Sw hc-bvp-p.

3. ({Kpp N, Nn{Xw-h-c, Bi-b-]Sw, ]Z-kp-cy Fnh-bn-eq-sS) FmWv FgptXXv, Fs\ Fnh

kw_-n hkvXpX-Ifpw Bi-bfpw cq]o-I-cn-pIbpw {]ISnnpIbpw sNp-p.

3. Fgp-Xn-b-Xn hcp-t Bib-]-chpw `mjm-]-c-hpamb am-, Iqn-tN-epI, XncpepI Fnh

Isn amn FgpXpp.

4. Xt-Xmb Nn{X\nLp \nn-p-Ibpw AXv \nc-c-ambn hnI-kn-n-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

4.4 kmap-ly-ambn CS-s]-Sm\pw Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-n-\pambn tIpIbpw hmbnp- I bpw ]dbpIbpw

FgpXpIbpw sNpp.

5. Xs Bi- b - fpw Bh- i yfpw ASp

t]mvt^mfntbm (F-gp-Xnbpw hcpw \nanpw) hnIkn-n-p-p.

1. cp-t]-cpsS {Kqn-tem sNdp-{Kq-ntem kz--amtbm

Fgp-Xp-p.
2. Xs cN\ asm-cm-fp-amtbm sNdp{Kqntem ]n-SpIbpw A`n-{]m-b Bcm-bpIbpw sNp-p.

6. hmbnpw N-sNbvXpw t\Snb hkvXp-X-I-, Bi-b- Fn-hsb eLphmIy AS-nb IY, hnhcWw Fo cq]--fn FgpXn Ah-X-cn-n-pp.

3. eLp \nt-i-fpw Nn{X-fpw hnh-c-fpw ASnb t]m \nn-p-p.

4.2 Bi-b-]-c-hpw kKm--Ihpamb {]I-S-\-pw

{]Xn-I-c-W-p-ambn tIp-Ibpw hmbnp-Ibpw
]d-bp-Ibpw Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNp-p.

4. PohnX k`fpambn _-s sNdp-Ip-dn-p-I,

]n-I-I, enkvpI, kti, te_-ep-I, \nti- Fnh Fgp- X p- I bpw {]Zin- n- p- I bpw
sNpp.

1.
ap- - h v
hmbnv
a\- n- e mm
Ignbpwhn[nepw XpS-w, HSp-w, hf Fnh
\ne\nnbpw IY, hnh-c-Ww, ]mp-I, kw`m-jWw
Fnh kzX{ambn Fgp-Xp-p.

{]h\ ]Xn LS-I-fpw cq]-tc-Jbpw

Am-Z-anI hjw apgp-h \op-\np {]h-\fneqsS Hmtcm Ipntbbpw kzX{hmb-\-m-c\pw cNbn-Xm-hp-amn amm Cu ]mtPv ey-anSpp. CXn-\mbn ]mt-Pn ]cnKWnt LS-I GsX-m-amWv?

3
2

hmb-\b
- vp
kabhpw ehpw

DNn-X-amb ]pkvXIfpw
hmb\mkma-{Kn-Ifpw

4
hoSpw kaq-lhpw
kam

1
kvIpmkvdpw
Xen-ep
]T\m\p`h.

Hmtcm Ipnbpw
kzX{hmb\mc,
cNbn-Xmhv
5
kvIq/mkv
Xefnep
kwhn[m\fpw
{]{InbIfpw

7
kzX{ hmb-\-bn-tepw
cN-\-bn-tepw \bn-m\p
Aym-]I ss\]p-Wn-I

6
]mtPv ey-
hnebncp-

1. kvq - mkvdqw Xe-n-ep ]T\m-\p`h Hcp-

Ipn-bpsS ka-{K-amb hnI-k-\-ns `mK-amWv hmb\bpw Fgp-pw. Hmw mkn Fp Fm IpnIfpw Hmw mknse ]T-n-\m-h-iy-amb {]Xo-nX
ss\]p-Wn-I Bn--W-sa-n-. am{X-hp-a, hoSv,
AhmSn , _me-hm-Sn, F.sI.Pn, bp.-sI.Pn Fnhn-S--fn \np-ap A\p`h-fpsS sshhn-[yhpw
Hmw mkn ]cn-K-Wn-t--Xm-Wv. {]Xo-nX ]T\
ss\]p-Wn-I-fp-ambn Xn-p-t\mptmgp hyXymkw,
Ipn-Iv e`n ]T-\m-\p-`-hfpsS A]-cym-]vXX,
imcocnIa-t\m--_u-nI taJ-e-I-fn Ipn-I-fpsS hnIk-\m-h-iyw, kvIq mkvdqw A-cohpw {]{In-b-hpambn Ipnsb ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-, kmap-ln-Ihpw `mjm]-c-hpamb hnI-k-\w, Nn-I Xncndnb Cs\
Hmw mkn Fp Ipn t\cn-Sp shp-hn-fn-I
\nc- h - [ n- b m- W v. Ch ]cn- l - c n- m- \ p {ia
t_m[]qam-bn-Xs Hmw mkns BZy \mfp-Ifn Dm-I-Ww. ]T\w Gs-Sp-m\pw hmb-\-bn-tepw
Fgpntepw {]th-in-m\pw Ipnsb {]tNm-Zn-n-p
LS-I- Dm-I-Ww. cmgvN-mew \op-\np
Cu {]mcw- ` - L - - n- t \m- s Smw Xs Ipn- b psS
{]tXyIX-I, hnI-k\ Bh-iy-, A\p-cq-]o-I-c-Wns Bh-iy-IX Fnh Aym-]-I\v Xncn--dn-bm\pw
km[n-pw. ]T-\-n-\p Ac-sm-cp- L-n
\np-amWv Ipdp-IqSn Hu]-Nm-cn-Iamb ]T-\ {]{Inbbn-tev Aym-]-I\pw Ipnbpw {]th-in-p--Xv. Cu
cp L--fnep-ap {]h-\m-\p-`-h--fpsS cq]-tcJ
Cs\bmImw.

Hmtcm bqWnpambn _- s Fgppw

Nn{Xfpw AS-nb kv{Imv _pv Xm-dm-.
Npa ]{Xw Npa-cn ]Xn Nmn \npw th
]Z- sXc-s-Sp-.
(]-e-X-cw) ]pkvX-I- Ah-Xcn-n-epw ]pkvXI-ns LS\ (I-h-dp-I, Nn{X, t]cv, cNbn-Xm-hns t]cv , A[ym-b) ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-epw.
Nn{Xhmb\ hkvXp-Xm-]-c-amb tNmZy-, Nn{Xnse Hmtcm-cp-cpw Fp sNp-p-shv ]db, Fv Btem-Nn-p-p-shv ]d-b, Fp
\S-p-sav {]h-Nn-.
Nn{Xhmb-\bvp tijw ]pkvXIw mkn hmbnp- s Im- S p- , ctm aqtm Znh- k - - f n- e mbn
AtX ]pkvXIw hnhn[ coXn-bn hopw hmbn.
Cs\ ]e-hw ]cn-N-b- ]pkvXI cp
t]cpsS {Kqn hmb-\, XpSv sNdp{Kpnepw.
hmbn ]pkv X - I s ASn- m- \ - a mn hnhn[
{]h-\-, {]I-S-\- ({]XonX ]T-\-t\- t\mp-I) GsSp-.
hmb\mX{- cq]o-I-cn-m klm-bn-.Nn{Xw hmbnv {]h-N\w \S,i-cn-bm-tWm-sbv
]cn-tim-[\
Nn{X- fpw hmIyfpw Xn _- s - S pn
hmb\.
Aym-]-Is hmb-\-bvn-S-bn hmb-\m-X-{-fpsS tamU-enMv.
at\mNn{X, Bi-b-]Sw Fn-h-bpsS \nmWw.

Lw1 : ]T-\n\v Ac-sm-cp-. CXns cq]tcJ

\memas A[ymbambn ]mtPn DsSpn
bnpv.
Lw2 : kzX{ hmb-\-bntepw Fgp-ntepw
Ac-sm-cp- {]h-\--fpsS XpSbmbn BJym\s ASn-m-\-s-Sp-nbp {]h-\-fmWtm
DmhpI. Ch cns\mhpw kzX{ hmb-\-bn-tepw
cN\bntepw \bn-p {]h-\
- DZv{KYn-p-sImp ]T\t_m[\ {]h-\--fmWv mkn DmtI--Xv. Acw {]h-\- I-p--Xn-\p
Nne kqN-\-I NphsS tNp-p.

tdmt, \mS-I-fn.
cN-\m-{]-h\
apIfn ]dhsbmw BJym-\-tm-sSmw \S-m\p ]cn-an-Xn-I, IqSp-X hmb-\-p Ah-kcw
Fnh ]cn-K-Wnv Hmtcm Znh-khpw hmb-\bvmbn Hcp
\nnX kabw IqSn Is--Ww.

Xmf-anv ]d-b, ]mS.

IY-I {ihn, hmbnp tI.
]cn-Nn-X-amb hkvXp-, Pp-, `-W-km-[\- Fn-h-bpsS Nn{Xhpw t]cp-a-S-nb kNn{X
]pkvXI \nmWw.

10

hmb-\sm-n- F Cu ]cn-]mSn-bn,

hyn-KX hmb\.
hmb-\-bp-ambn _-s cN\m
{]h-\-.

hmb-\bntep \bn-m-\p
{]h-\.

hmb-\-bp-ambn _-s tdmt,

\mS-I-fn.

Nn{Xhmb\.
Aym- ] - I s hmbn- p- s Im- S p.

mkvdpw sse{_dn, ImtemKv Fnh

cp]o- I - c n- I cWw \nmWw
XpSnbh \Smw

cp t]cpsS {Kqn hmb\.

Cs\ Hcm-gvN-bn IpdXv 2 aWnq ka-b-sanepw kzX{ hmb-\bvpw
cN-\ bvp-ambn Hmtcm Ipnpw e`n-W-sav Cu
]mtPv ey-an-Sp-p.

sNdp-{Kq-n hmb\.

2. ]pkvX-I-fpw hmb\m kma-{Kn-Ifpw Hcp-

Nn{X-hm-b-\, Nn{Xhpw ]Z-fpw _-s-Spnbp
hmb\, {Km^nIvhmb-\, hmb\m-X-{ {]tbm-Knp hmb-\,cN\m {]h-\-, kzX{hmb\ ,cN\ Fo L--fn-eqsS ]T-\m-\p`h Hcp-m Cu
]mtPv ey-an-Sp-p. Cu L--fn-tev Bh-iy-ambXpw A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]pkvX-I- sXc-s-Sp-pIbpw hmb\mkma-{Kn-I hnI-kn-n-p-Ibpw sN-Ww.
D]-tbm-Kn-m-hp ]pkvX-I--fpsS km[yXmenkvv
CtXm-sSmw tNnpv (A-\p_w 2). Ah-tbmtcmpw ]cntim[nv Ipn-I-fpsS hmb-\-bpsS \ne-hm-cw,
Xm-cyw, BJym-\-hp-ambn _sSpm-\p km[yX, hnhn[ ]T\ {]h-\p km[yX FnhbpsS ASn-m-\-n Xcw Xncnv {IaoI-cn--Ww.
hmb\mkma-{Kn-I hnI-kn-n-p-tm Ah tad LS-I-smw Ipn-bpsS

kaq-l-nepw hon-ep-ap A\p-`-h-.

`mjm-]-c-amb {]tXy-I-X-I.
hnhn[ `mjm-cq-].
av hnj-b--fp-ambn _-s-Sp-m-\p km[yX.
Fnh IqSn ]cn- K - W n- - W w. Aym- ] - I Hcpanp
tNv kvIq Xe-ntem kn.B.kn Xe-ntem
(mkv ]n.Sn.Fbn hmb\m kma-{Kn-I \nn-,
mkvdqw {]{In- b - b psS `mK- a mbn Dm- I p
hmNnIenJnXZriy ]T\ {]I- S - \ - - f n \nv
hmb\mkma{Kn hnI-kn-n- Fo am-fneqsS)
hmb-\m-km-a-{Kn-I \nn--Ww. Zriykw-Ko-X kn Un
I Fn-hbpw ]T-\-kma{Knbmbn D]-tbm-Kn--Ww.

kmaq-lyhpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb ]cn-kcw.

3. ka-bhpw ehpw (mkv sse-{_-dn) Hcp-

BJym\s ASn- m- \ - a m- n- b p ]T- \ t_m[\
{]{In-b-bn hmb-\m--c-N\ {]h-\ Dtp-Xn\p ]pdta kzX-{-amb hmb-\-bvmbn Hmtcm Znhkhpw Hcp \nnX kabw (hm-b-\sm-n) \on-shbv-Ww. Cs\ Hcm-gvN-bn IpdXv 2 aWn-q
kab-sa-nepw CXn-\p-thn e`n-Ww. hnhn[ \ne-hmc-nepw hnjbfnepambn Hcp Ipnv Ipd-Xv 3
]p- k v X Iw F \nc- n, mkv apdn- b n Xs
sse{_dn Hcp--Ww. BZy L-n

hnh-c-Wm--I-amb ]mT-
sNmp-I, ISw-I-Y-I
hnhn[ hnj-b--fp-ambn _s CXc ]pkvX-I
Fo Im-K-dn-bn ]pkvX- mkv sse{_dn-bn
DmIWw. mkv sse{_dn Hcp-p-tm,
mkns hep-w, BIr-Xn, {]Imi e`-y-X

kNn{X]pkvX-I-
dqans kpc
IY-I, ]mp-I
11

Fnh ]cnKWnv Unssk sNp--Xm-Wp-Nn-Xw.

BIj-I-amb hn[w ]pkvXI {]Zinn-p-Xpw
Ah-X-cn-n-p-Xpw anI mkvdqw sse{_dn-bpsS am\Z-fn {][m-\-am-b-h-bmWv.

Ae-amc/sj^ns Db-cw, m\-w, BIr-Xn

]pkvX-I- Xcw-Xn-cn-p-sh-m-\p am\-Z-hpw
kuI-cyhpw

4. hoSpw kaq-lhpw k-am-

kvqfn \S-p hmb-\-bp-sSbpw cN-\-bp-sS-bpw hn]peo-I-c-W-amWv hon shv \S-t--Xv. Hw Xs
hmb-\-bpsS kwkvImcw Ipn-bn thcp-]n-SnpXv
honse apXn-h hmb-\-tbmSv ]pep kao-]-\neq-sSbpw honse hmb\mkabw, hmbn-p-sIm-Sp-,
]pkvX-I- Fn-h-bneqsSbpw BWv. IpnbpsS {]IrXw hmb\bpsS Lw, Ipn-bpsS Xmev]-cyw Fnh Xncn-dn-p-sIm-p G-hpw A\u-]-Nm-cn-I-amb hmb-\Iq-Sn-bmWv hon \S-p--Xv.

4.

sSen-hn-j ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn ImtW-Xv Ipn-tbmsSmw tNv sXc-s-Sp-p-I, ImWp-I. (sS-en-hnj \nb-{n-p-I)

5.

hmb\m ]pkvX-I-, BgvN--Xn-p-I, _me-amkn-I-I Fnh hon e`yampI; Ah {Iao-Icn-p-sh-p e-hpw Npa-X-ebpw \n-bn-p-I.

6.

Adn-bm ]Z--fpsS AYw \nLp D]-tbm-Knv

Ip-]n-Sn-p-I; kzw \nLp \nan-p-I.

Ipnsb ]T-\-nepw Fgp-nepw hmb-\-bnepw Fs\

klm-bn--W-sa--Xns\ Ipdn-p cq]-tcJ, {]h\- , amK- \ nt- i - Fnh cn- X m- h p- a mbn
tNv BZy Zn\--fn Xs cq]o-I-cn--Ww. AtXmsSmw Ipn hon shp sNt ]T\paX-e-I,
sNt Imc- y - , D]- t bm- K n- t kma- { Kn- I ,
ImtW Sn.hn t{]m{Km-ap-I, Hcp-an-p-Xpw Znh-tk\-bp--Xp-amb hmb\ Fnh cnXm- {in-t-Xm-Wv.

7.

Ipnpw cn-Xm-pw CjvS-s ]mp-I,

hmbvmcn, sNmp-I, ISw-I-Y, kn\n-am-Km-\w,
\mS]mv Fnh Hcp-anv sNmp-I; FgpXn tiJcnpI.

8.

ASpp sse{_-dn-bn BgvN-bn Hcn--senepw Hcp-anv t]mIp-I.

9.

B\p- I m- e nI kw`- h - , hm- I Fnh

hmbnv N sNp-I.

Ipn-bpsS ]T-\s klm-bn-m cn-Xm-hn\v hon

shv sNm-hp-Xv:
1.

2.

3.

10. Hcp-anv ]pd-n-dn- \S-p-I, \S--n-\n-S-bn

Npp-]mSpw ImWp ]pv, sNSn, ]q, Pp-,
Imem-h apX-em-b-h-sb-p-dnv kwkm-cn-p-I.

Ipn ]d-bp-Xv tIp-I-bpw Ah-cpsS {]iv\-

{]bm-k- Fnh XncndnbpIbpw sNpI.

11. Ipn-bpsS Ign-hns\ {]iw-kn-p-I; C\n-sbv? Fv

N sNp-I.

Ipn-sbm-sSmw kabw sNe-hg

- n-p-I, Hcp \nnX
kabw hmbn- p- I , hmb\ tIp- I ,
hmbnpsImSp-p-I.

12. A[-ym-]-I-\p-ambn Ipn-bpsS Imc-y-,

XmXv]-c-yw, {]iv\- Ch N sNp-I.

IY-I, IpSpw-_-I-Y-I, Ipn-me

A\p-`-h- Fnh ]d-p-sIm-Spp-I.

13. Ipn-bpsS hy-n-KX ]T\ ]Xn cq]oI-cn-p-I; CPTAbn ]sSp-p-I.

14. Ipn-m-h-i-y-amb hmb-\m--]-T\ kma{Kn-I \nn-p-I.

12

5. kvIqmkv Xe-n-ep
kwhn-[m-\-fpw {]{In-b-Ifpw A\p-`-h-fpw iam
hnhn[ mkp-I-fn-ep hmb-\--c-N\m {]h\ ]mtPp-I-fpsS e-y-fpw kao-]-\hpw {]h-\fpw
GtIm-]n-n-p-sIm-pw kvqfns samnep
e-y--, \b-, {]h-\- Fnh cq]o-I-cnp-sImpw am{Xta kvq--mkv Xe-n-ep kwhn[m-\-fpw {]-{In-b-Ifpw {]h-\-fpw i-am-m
km[n-q. mkvXe e-y--\p-kr-X-amb coXn-bn
kvq Xenep
Zn\m-N-c-W-
hmb-\m-hmcw
kvqXe s{]mP-IvSpI, ]T-\-bm-{X-I

5.

Ipn-I-fpsS ]T\ {]I-S-\-, ]T\ Dev]--

Fnh kvq Xe-nepw mkvXe-nepw IpnIpw cn-Xm-pw \mp-Imp-ambn {]Zinn-m\p Ahk-c
- f
- psS kabw \n-bn-p-Ib
- pw
AXn\v th `u-Xn-I-hpw am\p-jn-I-hpamb hn`h
kam-l-cWw \S-p-Ibpw sNp-I. CXv hj-n
aqp {]mh-i-y-sa-nepw \S--Ww.

6.

A[-ym-]-Ipw cn-Xm-pw Ipn-bpsS ]T-\n CS- s ]- S m- \ p Ignhv

hnnm- \ mbn shtsd
inev]-im-e-I/]cn-io-e-\-
kvq Xe-n HcppI.
7. cn-Xm-fpw A[-ym-]-Icpw
\mp-Imcpw tNv Ipn-Iv
th ]T-\-km-a-{Kn-I hnIkn-n-p-I.

Fnh Bkq-{XWw sNWw. kv qX- e - n- e p

SRG, PTA, MPTA, kvq
amt\-Pvsa v Inn Fnh
CXn-\mbn D]-tbm-Kn--Ww.
Ch-bn-tem-tcm-n \npw
e-y-km-[-y-n-\mbn {]Xon-p tdmfp-I, {]h
-\--, hn`-h- Fn
h hjm- c w- ` - n Xs
P\m-[n-]-X-y-]-c-amb ]m-fn-tmsS cq]o-Ic-n--Ww.
AXn\p]tbm- K n- m- h p
{]{In-bI Chbm-Imw:

8. Hmtcm Ipn-bp-sSbpw {]XonX ]T\t\- cn-Xm-fp-ambn ]p-sh-m\pw IpnbpsS hy-n-KX ]T\]-Xnbn hcp- t am-
Bkq-{XWw sNm\pw mkv
Xe-n Ah-kcw Hcp-p-I.
9. Ipn-I-fpsS hnI-k\ ]T\-s-fn-hp-I {]Zin-n-m\p s]mXp-ew, t_mUv
Fnh Hcp-p-I.

1.

hnhn[ ]mt-Pp-I, {]h\ e-y-, hn`hm-h-i-y- Fnh N sNbvXv kvq e-yfpw \b-fpw, Hmtcm kwhn-[m-\-ns Npa-Xebpw \n-bn-p-I.

10. ]mtPv e-y F{X-am{Xw t\Sm Ign-pshv \nc-cw hne-bn-cp-p-I.

2.

kvq Ie- cq]o-I-cn-p-I.

(DZm-l-c-W-ambn, Hcphjs CPTA {]h\w CX\p-k-cnv Fs\ {IaoIcnmsav ]T\w hne-bn-cp tkmgvkv_p-n Ds-Sp-n-bXv t\mpI.)

3.

s]mXp-hmb {]h\ Npa-X-e-I A[-ym-]-Ipw

cn-Xm--fpsS {]Xn\n[nIp-ambn \Ip-I.

4.

Hmtcm amkhpw kvq Xe-n Hmtcm kwhn[m\- nsbpw {]h\ t\- hne- b n- c pnsmv XpSp-h Bkq-{XWw sNp-I.

13

6. ]mtPv e-y- hne-bn-cp-

kvq Xe-n,

mkv Xe-n,

mkvXe hne-bn-cp- hnh-c-

Hmtcm Ipn-bp-sSbpw t\-, ]ptcmKXn Fnh

(mkv Xe-n-ep-) ]T-\--t_m[\ {]{In-b-bpsS
`mK-ambn hne-bn-cp--nsmv AX-\p-k-cnv hy-nKX ]T\ ]-Xn-bnepw mkvXe ]T\ ]-Xn-bnepw
am hcp-.

kvqXe kwhn-[m-\--fpsS {]h-\-,

t\-, ]cnanXn-I
Fnh Hmtcm amkhpw hne-bn-cp--Ww.

C{]Imc- w \nc- c hnebn- c p- \S- m- \ p

t]mvt^mfn-tbm-I, ]T\ sXfn-hp-I-fpsS {]Zi\- Fnh amkw tXmdp-ap CPTAbn AhX-cn-n, hne-bn-cp--.

(IqSmsX) kvqXe {]h-\-, Ie-,

Npa-X-e-I Fn-hsb ASn-m-\amn samw
kv q ]- X n- s bbpw, e- y - sfbpw, \b- sfbpw {]h-\--sf-bp-amWv. CXv hj-n
cp {]mh-iyw (HIvtSm-_, amv) hne-bn-cpWw. CXv hne- b n- c p- m- \ p am\- Z - -
kvqXe-n cq]o-I-cn--Ww. kvqXe hnebn-cp- hnh-c- ]m-b-v, tmv Xe-fn Ah-X-cn-n--Ww.

Fo {]{In-b-I \S-t-Xpvv. CXn-\p am\-Z-ambn {]Xo-nX]T-\t\-sf D]-tbm-Kn--Ww.

7. kz-X{ hmb-\-bn-tepw cN-\-bn-tepw

Ipn-Isf \bn-m-\p A[ym]I ss\]p-Wn-I
taJe 1: A[-ym-]-Is [mc-W-I, hni-zm-k-,
at\m-`m-h.
1.

\n-l-W-ns ]m--e-n ]cn-tim-[n-pIbpw Dsm-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

hnZym`-ym-k-n-\p Ah-Im-i-ns ]m--en kz-X-{-hm-b-\pw cN\pw Ipnsb k- a m- t - - X ns {]kn Xncn- - d n- b p- I bpw,

kzX{-hm-b-\, kzX{cN\ Fo Bi-b-
\n-Nn-p-I-bpw sNp-p.

5. ]mT-y-]-Xn e-y-sf ]mt-Pns e-y-hp-ambn

_-sv ]cn-tim-[nv `mjbpsS B\w hnebn-cp-m-\p {]Xo-nX ]T\t\- mkvdqw
{]h-\-ns ]m--e-n hym-J-ym-\n-pIbpw sa-s ]T-\m-\p-`-h- Is-p-Ibpw
sNp-p.

2. Hmw mkn-se-p Ipn-bpsS hnI-k\

- m-hi
- y-
- ,
]T\k--X, ]T\m\p`hfpsS e`-yX/A]-c-ym]vXX Fnh Xncn- - d n- b p- I - b pw ka{K
hnI\n\p Ac-sm-cp- {]h-\-fpw
{]h-\-{I-a-hpw Bkq-{XWw
3.

4.

6. hnI-k-\m-h-i-y--fn-epw `mj-bpsS ASn-m\ ss\]pWn-I t\Sp--Xnepw shphnfn t\cn-Sp Ipn-IfpsS {]bm-k- Is-n, DNn-Xamb A\p-cq-]oI-c-W X{ AS-nb hy-n-KX]T\]Xn
cq]o-I-cnt--Xns Bh-iy-IX Dsm-p-p.

]mt-Pnse e-y- t\Sp--Xnse \nm-bI

LS-I- Isn Ah cq]oIcnm\pw ^e-{]Z-ambn \n-ln-m\pw kvq--m-kv--hoSv Xe-n
\St {]{In-b-I Xn-s-Sp-p--p.

7. A[ym-]-I F \ne-bn Xs hmb-\m-io-e-fpw

hmb- \ mX{fpw hnebncppIbpw Pohn- X nepw sXmgn-enepw hmb-\-tbmSv KpWm-I kao]\w ]pep-Ibpw sNp-p.

`mj-bpsS B-\w, hmb-\-bnepw Fgp-n-ep-a-Snb am\-knI {]{In-b-I, `mjm]T\X{-,

hmb-\-bp-sSbpw Fgp-nsbpw hnhn[ L-fn
D]tbmKnt ]T\ t_m[\ {]{In-bbpw ]T\m--co-hpw, ]T\ kma-{KnIfpsS D]-tbm-K-w
Fnh kw_-n ASn-m\ [mc-W-I ]mtPv

8. Ipn-I-fpsS Ign-hp-I-fpsS sshhn-[yw Xncn--dnv

AXn\v tbmPn hn[-n sshhn[yap-Xpw _lpapJ_pnbvv A\p-tbm-P-y-hp-amb {]h-\-,
]T\t\- Fnh apIqn ImtW- Xns
{]kn AwKo-I-cn-p--p.

14

taJe 2: t_m[\ ss\]p-Wn-I

(^e-{]-Z-amb mkvdqw amt\-Pvsa v, ]T-\--t_m-[\
{]h-\- Bkq-{XWw sNbvXv \S-m-, ]T\w
hne-bn-cp-m-\p X{w Bhn-jvI-cn-, A\p-cq]oIcW ss\]p-Wn-I, ICT ss\]pWn-I Fnh
CXn s]Sp-p.)

4.

]T-\-hp-ambn _-sv Ipn-bn \npw e`n-p

hnhn[ ^oUv_m-p-I \nccw tiJ-cnv, AXn-\\p-tbm-P-y-amb hn[w ]T-\--t_m-[\ {]{In-b-bn am hcppp.

5.

]T-\--t_m-[\ {]{In-b-bn Ipn-I-fp-ambpw Xncnpw

Bi-b-fpw A`n-{]m-b-fpw hnh-c-fpw ssIamdp--Xn\v A\p-tbm-P-y-amb Bi-b-hn-\n-ab X{-
(tNmZ-y, Btem-N-\m-k-abw, {Kqp-{]-h-\w,
A[-ym-]-Is kwkm-cw, Ipn-I-fpsS tNmZy)
tamU sNbvXv {]tbm-Kn-p-p.

2.1 mkvdqw amt\-Pvsa v ss\]p-Wn-I

1.

ka{K hnI-k-\m-h-i-y-fpw kz-X-{-hm-b-\ cN-\Fnhbp-ambn _-s ey-fpw t\Sp--Xn

Ipn-Isf \nc-cw (h-y
- n-KX
- a
- mbpw mkv Hcp-an-pw)
{]tNmZnnpp, {]h- \ - Bkq- { XWw
sNp-p.

2.3 ^e-{]-Z-amb hne-bn-cp-

2. Btcm-K-y-I-c-amb ]c-kv]c_w, kl-I-cWw Fnh-bn-eqn ^e-{]-Z-amb ]T\hpw ka-{K-hn-I-k-\hpw

e-y-am-n hnh-n[ ]T-\--t_m-[\ X{- D]tbm-Kn-pp.

1.

]T-\-{]-Xn-I-c-W-, ]T-\-sX-fn-hp-I, eLp-t{]mP-IvSp-I Fnh D]-tbm-Knv Ipn-I cq]o-I-cn

Adnhv AXns {]tX-y-I-X-I, ]T-\-t\--hp-ambn
AXn-\p ASpw Fnh hne-bn-cp-p-p.

2.

cp-t]-cpsS {Kqv, sNdp-{Kqv Fn-h-bn-eq-sSbpw, kzbw hne-bn-cp--en-eq-sSbpw, A[-ym-]-Is hne-bncp-e

- n-eq-sSbpw Hmtcm Ipnpw kzw ]T\t\hpw
]T\mhiyfpw Xncn--dn-bm\pw kz-X-{hmb-\bnepw cN-\-bnepw Xs hy-n-KX e-y- \nb-nphm-\p-ambn hne-bn-cp- X{- {]-tbm-Knp-p.

3.

Hmtcm Ipn-bp-sSbpw t]mvt^mfn-tbm, kNn{X

\nLp, ap ]T-\-sX-fn-hp-I Fnh tiJ-cn-pI-bpw (Ah hni-I-e\w sNbvXv) Cu hnh-c-
{]Xo-nX ]T\ t\-hp-ambn Xmc-X-ayw sNbvXv IpnbpsS ]T\ ]ptcm-K-Xn, ]T\ {]iv\-, XpSp
]T\ {]h-\- Fnh (Ip-n, cn-Xm-hv Fnh-cp-ambn) ssIamdpIbpw sNp-p.

3. hy-n-K-X-ambpw cp-t]-cpsS {Kqnepw sNdp-{Kq-nep- a mbn kz- X - { - h m- b - \ bv pw cN\bv pap

]T\t_m[\ {]{In-b-bn Ipn-Isf kPoh ]mfn-I-fm-p-p.
4. hmb- \ bv pw cN- \ bv pw kKm- I {]I- S - \ pw A\p-tbm-P-y-amb hn[w ]pkvXI, hmb\m-km-a-{Kn-I, hmb-\smn, mkvdqw sse{_dn, mkvdqw e-k-u-I-cyw, ka-bw, {]h-\-
Fnh Bkq-{XWw sNbvXv \S-m-p-p.
2.2 ^e-{]-Z-amb ]T-\--t_m-[\ {]{Inb
1.

2.

3.

Ipn-I-fpsS hy-X-y-kvX--fmb ap A\p-`-h-,

]T\ \ne-hm-cw, ka-{K-hn-I-k\ Bh-i-y-, Xmev]c-y-, BPnX Adn-hp-I Fn-h-bp-ambn _s- S p- nbp Adn- h p- \ nmW{]{InbbneqsS
Bib-, tijn-I, {]{In-b-I Fnh t\Sm
sshhn-[-y-ap ]T-\-\m-\p-`-h- Hcp-p-p.

2.4 ^e-{]-Z-amb A\p-cq-]o-I-cWw

hnhn-[--fmb Bi-b- Bn-p--Xn IpnI-fpsS ho-W-tIm-Wp-I, Adn-hp-\nmW coXn,

{]iv \ - ] - c n- l - c - W - n- \ p At\- z - j - W - c o- X n- I
Fnh D]tbmKn-p-Ibpw cq]o-I-cn Adn-hns\
hnhn[ ]T\{]I- S - \ - - f mbn AhXcnnpIbpw
sNp-p.
hmb-\-bnepw Fgp-nepw D]-tbm-Kn-p hnhn[
am\-knI {]{In-b-Ifpw X{fpw Xncn--dnbpIbpw
Ah ]T-\--t-_m-[\ {]{Inb-bn DZv{K-Ynv {]tbmKn-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

15

1.

Ipn-bpsS hy-n-K-X-amb ]T-\m-h-i-y-, ]T-\-coXn

Fnh Xncn--dnv, Hmtcm {]Xo-nX ]T-\-t\-hpw ssIh-cn-p--Xn\v A\p-tbm-P-y-amb A\p-cq-]oI-cW X{ Is-p-p.

2.

]T-\-n shp-hnfn t\cn-Sp Ipnv A\ptbmPy-amb A\p-cq-]o-I-cW X{ AS-nb h-yn-KX ]T-\]

-
- Xn (Individual Learning Programme) cq]oI-cnv \S-m-pp.

3.

Ipn-bpsS kmwkvIm-cn-I, kmaq-l-nI, hnZ-ym-`-ym-k]m- - e hpw hnI- k - \ m- h - i - y - fpw ]cn- K - W np

sImv sshhn-[-y-amXpw hy-X-ykvX \ne-hm-c-nep--Xp-amb hmb-\m-km-a-{Kn-Ifpw ]T\{]h-\hpw ]T\{]I-S-\-fpw Isn hnI-kn-n-p-p.

taJe 3
1.

ICT

bpsS ^e-{]-Z-amb D]-tbmKw

(Ah-[n-me) ]cn-io-e-\-.

{]mtbW A]-cn-Nn-X-hpw ko-hp-amb hnh-cfpw Bi- b - fpw hnI- k n- nm\pw Ipn- I sf

{]tNm-Zn-n-m-\p-ambn ]T-\--t_m-[\ {]{In-b-bpsS
`mK-ambn ICT-bpsS D]-tbmKw Bkq-{XWw sNbvXv
\Smpp.

(amkw tXmdp-ap-) Bkq-{X-W hne-bn-cp-

inev]-im-e-I.

Ipn-Iv th ssImv (Scaffolding) \In,

]T-\-ns ]c-am-h[n t\w ssIhcnm DX-Ipwhn[w CDI, Cs\-v, an-ao-Unb Fnh D]tbm-Knpp.

(kvq Xe-n-ep-) ]T\ kma-{Kn-I hnI-k\

inev]-im-e-I.

taJe 4 kvqkaqlwhoSp-am-bp kl-I-cWw

(_n.-B.kn Xe-n) A[-ym-]-Ip hmb-\mkm-a-{Kn-I hnI-kn-n-.

2.

1.

2.

(- Xe-n-ep-) ]T\ kma-{Kn-I hnI-k\

inev]-im-e-I.

(h-y-n-K-X-ambn) t_m[\ {]h-\- \nc-cw

hne-bn-cp-.

Ipn-I-fpsS hnI-k-\m-h-i-y-sf ]mt-Pns ey-fp-ambn _-s-Spn IpnIfpsS ]T-\w, ]T-\e--y-, ]T-\--t_m-[\ {]{In-b, ]T\ kma-{KnI, honse A-co-sam-cp- Fnh kw_n hnhc, Bib apXembh cn-Xmfpambpw kaq-l-hp-ambpw ssIam-dp-p.

amXr-I-I hnI-kn-n-epw Ah ]n-S-epw.

mkv kvq Xe-n-ep hne-bn-cp-.
kvq Xe-n-ep ]cn-io-e-\-, {]`m-j-W.

Hmtcm Ipn-bp-sSbpw khn-ti-j-amb ]T-\-co-Xnbpw

]T-\m-h-i-y-fpw ]cnKWnpsImp hynKX
]T-\-]-Xn cn-Xm--fp-ambn N- sNbvXv hnIkn-n-p-Ibpw AXp \SmpXn cp-t]cpw
Gs-Sp-Ibpw sNp-p.

h-y-n-KX hmb\ hnI-kn-n-.

cn-Xm-m-bp Ipdn-p-I, t{_mj-dp-I
Fnh \nn--, ]cn-ioe\ \S-
A[ym-]-IhnI-k-\-ns hnhn[ amXr-I-I-fn \np
DNn-X-amb LSIIqSn CtXm-sSmw Is--Ww.

Cu ss\]p-Wn-I Bn-m-\p ]-Xn-I kvq

_n.-B.kn Xe-n cq]o-I-cn--Ww. AhbpsS LS-I- Xmsg ]dbphbmWv.

16

KWnXw a[pcw; BkzmZyIcw

{]h\ ]mtPv KWnXw

17

KWnX]T\w Hmw mkn

Hmtcm Ipnbpw hy-X-ykvX-\m-Wv. Ahs PohnX kmlNcyw, kmaq-ly ]mew, ]mc--c-y-ambn e`n-p
LS- I - , e`- y - a m- I p A\p- ` - h - Fn- h bpw
hyXykvXamWv. AXp-sImp Xs Nn-bnepw s]cpam--nepw hy-X-y-kvXX ]pep Ipn-I-fmWv Hmw
mkn-se-p-I.

Hmw mkn ]T\w ]qn-bm-p Ipn-Iv 20hsc kwJymt_m[-hpw 100-hsc F kwJ-y-Ifpw

Adn-tb--Xp-v. 20-hsc kwJ-y-I-fp-ambn _-s
ka{Km\p`h-fmWv Ipn-Iv KWnX ]T-\-hp-ambn
_-sv e`n-t--Xv.

{]o-kvIq L-nepw AXn\p app Xsbpw PohnX

kml-N-c-y--fn \npw A\p-`-h--fn \npw KWnX-ns {]Ya ]mT- k-zm-b
- a
- m-n-bh
- c
- mWv CXn
]e-cpw. {]mY-anI KWn-Xm-i-b-fpw KWnX {]{In-bmti- j n- I fpw hy- X - y kv X Xe- n kzm- b - - a m- nb
sshhn[yap Hcp {KqmWv Hmw mnepm-hp-I.

20 -hsc kwJyIfp-ambn _-s k-e\, hy-h-I-e\

{Inb-I, m\-hn-e, hymJym\w, {]iv\\n[m-cWw XpSnb taJ- e - I - f n ]mT- y - ] - Xn e- y - a n- S p
\nehmcn-tev Ipn-I Fp-n FXv 2010-11
hj-n \S-nb Baseline Assesement Study (BAS)bn t_m[-y-s--Xm-Wv. KWn-Xm-\p-`-h--fpsS Ipdhpw,
Spiralling Ahkc- Ipd--Xpw CXns Imc-W-fmbn Is-mw.

Xs Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-sf KWnX `mj-bn-eqsS hym-J-ym\n-m\pw {]XoIhXvIcnm\pw KWnX {]iv\-sf

\n[m-cWw sNm\pw km[n-p Xc-n Ipn-Isf
k-am-pI F-XmWv KWnX ]T-\-ns e-yw.
Aaq-amb KWnXs aq-amb A\p-`-h--fn-eqsS-bmWv sNdnb mkp-I-fn Ah-X-cn-n-pXv. ]noSv
Cu aqm-\p-`-h--fn \npw KWnX Nn-bpsS
]n_-e-tmsS AaqXbn Xs KWn-Xs
Dsm-m\pw Ipn-Iv Ign-tb--Xp-v.

\nX-y-Po-hn-Xm-\p-`-h-sf KWn-X-n-eqsS hym-J-ym-\nm\pw Npp-]m-Sns\ KWnXneqsS t\mn-m-Wm\pw

Ign-hp-h
- c
- mbn Ipn-I hf-cW
- s
- a-n Hmw mknse
KWnX ]T-\-s ka-{K-ambn ImW-Ww. C-c-n
]T- \ m- \ p- ` - h - - f p- a mbn _- s - S pn KWn- X - { ]- { Inbmtijn-Ifpw KWn-Xm-i-b-fpw hnI-kn-p--Xn\pXIp Hcp {]h\ ]mtPv Ah-X-cn-n-p-I-bm-Wnhn-sS.

Xs Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-sf KWn-X-`m-j-bn-eqsS hym-J-ym-\n-m\pw {]XoIhXvIcnm\pw

KWnX {]iv\-sf \n[m-cWw sN-m\pw Hmw mknse Hmtcm Ipn-sbbpw k-cm-p-I.

{]Xo-nX ]T\ t\-

1.

KWnX{]iv \ s Dsm- m\pw hni- I - e \w

sNm\pw Ign-bp-I.

2.

KWnX {]iv\- D-bn-m Ign-bp-I.

3.

a\:-{In-b-bn-eqsS eLpKWn-X-{]iv\ \nmcWw sNm-\p tijn hfpI.

4.

KWn-Xm-i-b-s/KWn-X-{In-b-Isf hy-X-ykvX coXnbn Nn{Xo- I - c n- m Ign- b pI (Nn- { Xw, Nnw,

aqhkvXp- Fn-h-bp-]-tbm-Kn-v)

18

5.

Hcp KWn-Xmibs hnh-cn-m IgnbpI AYhm

Hcp kw`-hs KWn-X-]-c-ambn hnhcn-m km[np-I.

6.

KWn-X-hp-ambn _-s ]T-\-s-fn-hp-I cq]-sSp-p coXn t_m[-y-s-Sp-pI. (c-N-\m-]p-kvX-Iw,

Nn{X- ] p- k vX- I w, Nph]- { Xn- I , _nKv_p- v,
hvjov)

7.

\ncoWw, Xmc- X - a - y w, {]iv \ w \n- b n- ,

{]iv\ hni-I-e-\w, A]-{K-Y-\w, Af, aXn-p-]-

D]tbmKs-Spn Npp-]m-Sn-s\bpw kw`-h--sfbpw

hnh-cn-m km[n-p-p.

d-b, XpS-nb ASn-m\ K-Wn-X-{]-{In-bm-tijnI hnIknnp-I.

8.

9.

20-hsc kwJ-ym-t_m-[-hp-ambn _-s KWn-Xm-ib-fpw tijn-Ifpw BPn-pI (kw-Jy Fm,

Fgp-Xm, {Iao-I-cn-m, m\-hn-e, hym-J-ym-\w,
{]iv\m-]-{KY\w Fo taJe-I-fn [mcW hnIkn-n-p-I)

2 : KWn-Xm-i-b-
1.

XpS-bmbn Fn-bmWv Hcp Iq-n F{X-sbw

Dv Fv Xncn--dn-bp--Xv.

2. GsXmcp kwJ-y-tbmSpw Hp tNm ASp

kwJy Inpw.

KWn- X s Bk- z - Z n- m\pw, \nX- y - P o- h n- X - n

KWnXw {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-m\pw Ignhp--h-cmn
amp-I.

3. Hcp kwJybn \nv Hp Ipd-bp-tmgmWv sXmp

app kwJy Inp--Xv.

10. KWnX IY-Ifpw ]mp-Ifpw Ifn-Ifpw kz--ambn

Ism\pw Ah-Xc
- n-n-m\pw Ign-hp-h
- c
- m-p-I.

1 : kwJ-ym-t_m[w

4. Hcp \nnX Fs AYhm Iqs {]Xn-\n-[oI-cn-p--Xn\v \nb-X-amb KWnX {]Xo-I--fp-v.

Ch-bmWv kwJyI.

20- hsc kwJ-y-I-fp-ambn _-sv Ipn-bnse {]Xo-nX

]T\ t\-

5. kwJ-y-bnse A--fpsS m\w amdp--Xn-\-\p-kcnv A--fpsS hne-bnepw amw hcp-p.

1. \nnX Fw hkvXp- Fn-sb-Sp-m km[np-p.

6. Hcp kwJ-ysb AXn-t\-m sNdnb ctm AXn-e[n-Itam kwJ-y-I-fpsS Iqfmm km[n-pw.

2. Fgp-X-s kwJ-y-I Xncn--dn-bp-p.

7. Hcp kwJ-ysb AXn-t\-m sNdnb Hcp kwJ-y-bpsS-Xs Iq--fmbn hymJym\nm km[n-pw.

3.

sXmp-app-Xv, tij-ap--Xv, CS-bn-ep kwJ-yI Xncn--dn-bp-p.

8. Xpe-y-ambn cp Iq--fm-m km[n-p kwJ-yI-fmWv Cc kwJ-y-I. As\ Ign-bm--h-bmWv

H kwJ-y-I.

4. hep-Xv, sNdpXv \n-bn-p-p.

9. cv Cc kwJ-y-I Iqn-bm asmcp Cc kwJ-ybmWv e`n-p-I.

5. Btcm-lWAh-tcm-lW coXnbn {Iao-I-cn-p-p.

6.

kwJ-ysb Hp-I, ]p-I Fn-s\ hnh-cnp-p.

10. Hcp H kwJ-ybpw Hcp Cc kwJ-ybpw Iqn-bm

Hcp H kwJy Inpw.

7. Hp-Ifpw ]p-Ifpw shv kwJy cq]o-Icn-p-p.

11. Hcp Iq-n \npw Fmw FSp-p-am-n-bm Hpw
Ah-ti-jn-p-n-. CXns\ ]qPyw Fp hnfn-pp.

8. kwJysb hy-X-ykvX Iq--fmbn hym-J-ym-\n-p-p.

({In-b-Ipw Bi-b-pw A\p-k-cn-v)
9.

kwJ-y-bpsS khn-ti-j-X-I Is-p-p. (H

kwJ-y-I, Cc kwJ-y-I)

12. c kwJ-y-I-fn ]p-I-fp-sSbpw Hp-I-fp-sSbpw

m\--fp-m-Ipw.

10. kwJ-ysb hnhn[ kwJ-y-I-fpsS Iq--fm-bpw, Hcp

kwJy-bpsS Xs Iq--fmbpw amp-p.

13. Hp-Ifpw ]p-Ifpw tNv c kwJy cq]oI-cn-m Ign-bpw.

11. Iq--fpsS tNcp-h-bmbn kwJ-ysb ImWm Ign-bpp.

14. kwJ-y-Isf hep--a-\p-k-cnv hep-Xn \nv sNdpXn-tepw sNdpXn \nv hepXntepw {Iao-I-cnm km[n-pw.

12. 20-hsc kwJ-y-I Ds eLp-{]m-tbm-KnI {]iv\ \nm-cWw sNm km[n-p-p.

15. cp kwJ-y-Isf Xn Iqp-tm A-h-tb-m

henb Hcp Iqw Inp-p. CXv cp Iq--fp-sSbpw
BsI Fs kqNn-n-p-p.

13. 20-hsc kwJ-y-I DsSp -{]m-tbm-KnI {]iv\ cq]o-I-cnm km[n-p-p.

14. BnX KWn- X - t i- j nbpw KWn- X m- i - b - fpw

19

16. hy-X-ykvX Iq--fnse BsI Fw Is-p-Xn\v

Iq-sf Xn Iqn-ttn hcp-p. CXn\v
k-e\{Inb D]-tbm-Kn-p-p.

24. hy-h-I-e-\-{In-bsb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-p ]Z--fmWv

_mn, C\n-sb{X, F{X-tNm XpS-n-b-h.
25. A\p-tbm-P-y-amb KWn-X-{In-b-Isf {]tbmP-\-s-Spn-smv KWnX {]iv\-sf bpn-]qw hniI-e\w sNbvXv \nm-cWw sNmw.

17. k- e - \ - { Inb sNp- t m H- b psS m\s

kwJy-I-fpsS XpI 10 IqSp-Xembm ]p-Isf
10s m\s kwJ-y-tbm-sSmw tN-Ww.

26. hy-Xk
- vXh
- pw IuXp-II
- c
- h
- p-amb coXn-bn kwJ-yI
- sf
{Iao-Ic
- n-p-hm km[n-pw.

18. kwJ-y-Isf kuI-c-y-{]-Z-amb coXn-bn Cg-]n-cnv

Ffp--n KWn-X-{In-b-I sNmw.

27. Nn{X--sfbpw hkvXp--sfbpw {]tX-y-I-cn-Xn-bn

{Iao-I-cnv ]mt-WpI cq]oIcnm km[n-pw.

19. Hmtcm KWn-X-{In-b-I sNp--Xn\pw \nb-X--fmb

Nn--fp-v.
20. k-e-\-{Inbsb {]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-p ]Z--fmWv
BsI, tNm, Hw Iqn-bm XpS-n-b-h.

28. {]tX-yI coXn-bn {Iao-I-cn kwJ-y-I-fn, hkvXp-fn, Nn{X--fn KWnX ]camb Hcp _-apm-Ip-tm-gmWv AXv ]mt-Wm-hp-I.

21. Hcp Iq-n \npw FSpp amp-tm Iqnse Fw Ipd-bp-p.

29. hy-X-ykvX hen--ap ]m{X--fpsS D-fhv hy-XkvX-am-bn-cn-pw.

22. Hcp Iq-n \npw FSpp amnb tij-ap

Fw Is-p--Xn\v hyhIe\ {Inb D]-tbm-Knp-p.

30. AwKo-Ir-X-a-m GIIw D]-tbm-Knpw D-f-hpw

\of-hpw Is-mw.
31. \of-hpw D-f-hpw Is-m sXc-s-Sp-p
hkvXp--fnse hy-X-ymkw AfhpIsfbpw kzm-[o-\npw.

23. cp kwJy-I Xn-ep hy-X-ymkw ImWm

henb kwJ-y-bn \npw sNdnb kwJ-y-bmWv Ipdt--Xv.

hoSpw hnZ-ym-e-bhpw mkvap-dnbpw KWnX]T\n\v k-am-

k-am-mw. Nph-cp-I apX ^Wn--dp-I hsc Cu
eyw apn Ip-sImv amn-sb-Sp-mw.

hon \npw hnZ-ym-e-b-n \npw e`n-p A\p`h

fmWv Bi-b-cq-]o-I-c-W-n-tev \bn-p-I. hoSpw,
hnZ-ym-e-b-hpw, mkv apdnbpw ]T-\m-\p-`-h- apn
Ip- s Imv k- a m- h p- I - b m- s W- n ]T- \ hpw
BkzmZyIcambn-cn-pw. hnZ-yme-b-n kq-a-Xe
Bkq-{X-W-tmsS {]h\w Hcp-m Fkv.B.Pn,
mkv ]n.-Sn.-F, SSG, XpS-nb LS-I- imo-I-cn-s-S-Ww. ChbpsS t\Xr-X-z-n hnZ-ym-e-b-n hyX- y kv X {]h- \ - kwL- S n- n- - W w. ]T\IympI, Ifn-q--, inev]-im-e-I, {]kn-o-Ic-W- Fn-h-sbm-s-Xs kwL-Sn-n-t-Xv Cu
Iqm-bva-tbm-sS-bm-Wv.

honse KWn-Xm-\p-`-h- Hcp-t-Xv cn-XmfmW-tm. ^Wn-, ASpf km[-\-, ]qtmw

Fn- h - s bms F- s \- b mWv KWn- X - ] - T - \ - n\v
{]tbmP\sSppI, _me-{]-kn-o-I-c-W-fpw B\pIm-en-I-fpw Fs\ D]-tbmK-s-Sp--Ww, ]T-\-sfn-hp-I-fm-b c-N\m-]p-kvX-I-, tiJ-cW ]pkvX-I Fnh F-s\-bmWv Ipn-I dohn-knv sNtXv FXv kw_- n- p- [mc- W - I cnXmp-m-I-Ww.
hynip-Nn-X-zw, hnZ-ym-ebipNn-Xzw Fnh kw_-n
ipNn-Xz Nmp-I, Hmw mkn-\n-W-p KWnX
{]h- \ - , KWnX ns t\Xr- X - z - n
_pn t_mUn ]Xn-p-I, kvIqmkv Ie-dp-I, Indoor/Outdoor games, BALA Ifn-p--, ]T\
Iym-p-I, {]kn-o-I-c-W-, Fn-s\ hy-X-y-kvX-fmb {]h-\- hnZ-ym-e-b-n\v Gs-Sp-mw.

hnZ-ym-ebw
KWnX ]T-\-n-\p-X-Ip Xc-n mkvap-dnbpw amtd-Xp-v. 20-hsc kwJym t_m[-amWv Hmw mkn
e- y - a n- S p- Xv Fv kqNn- n- p- h - t m. CXp- a mbn
_s Bi-b-cq-]o-I-c-W-c-n\v klm-b-I-amIpw
hn[-amWv mkvap-dnsb amt--Xv. BALA (Building As
Learning Aid) Bibw Hmw mkns\ Ip-sImpw

20

hmXn-en Hcp tmv

mkvapdn

k]m- v j o- v , Sv o\
Fnh D]-tbm-Knv mkp-an-dnbpsS hmXn-en\v tmv skpsN-p-p.

Nph-cp-I, ^Wn-, {]Zi\ dmp-I, hmXn,

P\, \new Fn-h-sbms KWn-X-]-T-\-n\v {]tbmP-\-s-Sp--hn[w Hcp-, _nKv]n-IvN, aWXSw XpSnb ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W- KWn-X-]-T-\n\v {]tbm-P\-s-Sp-. FnhbpsS km[yX FmWv?

Itk-c-Iv \ \I

\S-m-X-bn \ \I

mknse 16 Itk- c - I - v
\ \pp.

hyXy-kvX-amb coXn-bn \-dp-I {Iao-I-cn-p--Xv.

kwJym-t_m[w Dd-n-m klm-b-I-c-am-Wv. DZm : BZysse-\n hcp--]-Sn-I-fn,

_nKv Iymhmkv
KWnX {]h- \ - Xm- d mn {]Zin- n- m
thn Iymhmkv Xm-dm-p-p.
sNdnb Iymhmkv 2
eLp KWnX {]iv\- Isn {]Zin-n-m\mWv
sNdnb Iymhm- k p- I D]- t bm- K n- t - - X v.
DZmlcWambn,

cv ]Sn-InS-bn hcp Nph `mKv Hcp ]mv

hbvp-p. AXn kwJymt{iWn t\mn DNn-X-amb
kwJy-I AYhm A{Xbpw Fw hcp hkvXp-
\nt]n-m km[n-p Xc-n {Iao-I-cn-p-p.

]w ]d-p cp Ipn-I GXv Nc-Sn\mWv

\ofw IqSp-X?

cmw sse\n hcp-- ]-Sn-I-fn Cc kwJy-I {IaoI-cn-p-p.

henb NXpcw cq]o-I-cn-pp F{X hf-I-I

AIv shmw?
N{-\mtWm \-{X-amtWm Db-c-n?

8, 10,

12,
10 + 4

10 sbpw Hnsbpw
Iq-f
- mbn Nn{Xo-Ic
- n-
- p.

\Sphn Hcp kwJy Npnepw hnhn[ hkvXp-

D]-tbm-Knv kwJy-I hymJym-\n-n-cn-p-p.
aWSw

Ndmv (hm-Xn-en-\p-]p-d-v)
2" x 2" hep-n 4' Db-c-n Hcp NXp-c-sn Xmdm-p-p. ]pgn-\n-dv aWS-amn amp-p. \ndw
\In at\m-l-c-am-p-p. aW-S-ns AtX hep-n ]m--e-n Iymhmkv skp-sN-p-p.
{]h\ ChbmWv.

\ t\mn ]mZ-c--I kqn-q. 1 apX 16

hsc kwJy-I {Ia-ambn FgpXn Nph-cn Xmsg `mKmbn Hn-p-p. Hmtcm \-dn\v Xmsgbpw ]mZ-c-I {Iao-I-cn-m Bh-iy-amb ew Dsv Dd-mp-p.

aW-S-n t\mq. Cu aW sImv F{Xh-enb a-w-NqSmw?

Chn-sS -t\mq (_p--n t_mUv)

Gs-nepw arK-ns cq]-n lovtem shnsb-Spv _p-n t_mUv \nn-mw. kao-]-mbn
Hcp kn hbvp-p. kn--Iv _p-n t_m
Un Nn{Xo-I-cn-m-\m-h-iy-amb km[-\- {Iao-Icnpp. (]-e\
- n-d
- n-ep-ff hr-cp-]
- Iqsd-sb-w)

F{X sNdnb a-w-NpSmw?

aW- S - n Hcp InW Hcp- p- p. kao- ] mbn Hcp Smpw
F{X Iv shsamgnm Smv\n-dbpw?

t]mv- - t^m-fntbm _mKn\v \ \I

ao]n-SnmwImw sInb In sXtamtm
/IS-em-kv ao\ns\ ]nSn-p {]h\w.

16 t]mvt^mfn-tbm-I kqn-m-\p-X-Ip Imcn-b

_mKv Xm-dm-p-p.

21

hen-b tmvv

KWnX TLM

mkvap-dn--Iv Hcp henb tmv m]n-p-p.

tmn 2/3 kwJy-Iv apI-fn-embn NcSv sIn-bn-cnp-p. \n-bn-p kwJy hcp Xc-n tmnse
kwJy-Isf NcSn\-I-m-mtam?

Ipn-Iv kzX-{-hp-ambn ssIImcyw sNm km[np Xc-n KWnX ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W- Xm-dm-pp. mkn {Iao-I-cn-p-p.
Nph-cp-I-fnse ]mt

GWnbpw ]mpw
Nph-cp-I-fn Pohn-I-fpsS Imep-I t\mn ]mt e`np Xc-n {Iao-I-cn-p-p.

Htc-k-abw IqSp-X t]v Ifn-m-hp GWnbpw

]mpw sKbnw t_mUv, av Ifn kma-{Kn-I Ch Hcpp-p. GWnbpw ]mpw ^vfIvkn {]n v sNbvXv
\nev shbvp-p. ssUkn\v ]Icw kwJym-N{Iw
\nn-p-sImv Hcp ka
bw IqSp-X t]v Ifnm-hp Xc-n {Iao-Icn-p-p.

KWn-X-nv amXrI
KWn-X-n-nse km[-\- Ds-Spn amXrI Xmdm-p-p.
Ie-
Bh-iy-amb kma-{Kn-I (IpS 6 Fw, Nmv/am,
F.-kn.-Un., Iyq-, t^mtm, {]k-t-j, Ie-)

KWn-X-]p-kvX-I-
Hmw mkv \ne-hm-c-nep KWn-X-]p-kvX-I-
Xm-dmn {]Zin-n-pp. D]-tbm-K-s-Sp-p-p.

hoSv
honse KWn-Xm-\p-`-h- Hcp-t-Xv cn-XmfmW-tm. ^Wn-, ASpf km[-\-, ]qtmw
Fn- h - s bms F- s \- b mWv KWn- X - ] - T - \ - n\v
{]tbmP\sSppI, _me-{]-kn-o-I-c-W-fpw B\pIm-en-I-fpw Fs\ D]-tbmK-s-Sp--Ww, ]T-\-sfn-hp-I-fm-b c-N\m-]p-kvX-I-, tiJ-cW ]pkvX-I Fnh F-s\-bmWv Ipn-I dohn-knv sNtXv FXv kw_- n- p- [mc- W - I cnXmp-m-I-Ww.

]nd-m acw
lovtemWn ]nd-macw Hcp-p-p. 12 amk- 12
Ce-I-fmbn {Iao-I-cn-p-p. ]nd-m ac-ns Ce-Ifn Hmtcm amk-n-sbpw t]sc-gp-Xn-sh-bvp-p. Xmsgbmbn 1 apX 31 hsc-bp \ ImUp-I 3 skv
Xm-dmn shp-p.

22

{]h\ ]Xn LS-I-fpw cq]-tc-Jbpw

1. cm-IXr imo-I-cWhpw ]npWm kwhn[m\hpw
A[ym-]n-Ibpw cm-Imhpw Xn-ep _w
i-am--Ww. Ipn-I-fpsS ]T-\-w ip-Nn-Xzw, s]cpamw Chbpambn _-s Imcy- \nc-cw
ssIam-dm Ign-b-Ww.

]p-epXpamb kn.-]n.Sn.-F-.I \S-p-I.

kn.-]n.-Sn.-F-I-fpsS kz`mhw, BZy kn.-]n.-Sn.-F-bn
Xs c-Im--fp-ambn \S-p N-bneqsS
cq]o-I-cn-p-Xv Ahsc AwKo-I-cn-pp Fpw
X hnZymebns {][m\ LS-I-amWv F
t_m[ysSen\pw klmbIamIpw. CXv cmIXr kmn[yw Iqp--Xn\v CS-bm-pw.

Ipn-bpsS Imcy- cn-Xm-hn\pw Sopw \nccw ssIam-dp--Xn\v klm-b-I-am-Ip- coXn-bn

Xm- d m- nb Ub- d n- I t]mep km[y- X - I
{]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-p-I.
c-Im-sf ]q-ambpw ]s-Sp-n-p-sImp ]T-t\m-]-I-cW inev]-im-e-I, hmb-\m-k-m
a{Kn \nmWw XpS-n-bh tSan-sem-s-nepw
kwL-Sn-n-p-I.

Ipn-I-fpsS {]Ir-Xw, s]cp-am-w, Ah-tcmSv s]cp-amtd coXn, ]T-\-coXn Fn-h-sbms Ds-Spn

cn-Xm-v thn samUyq Xm-dmpIbpw
t_m[-h-cW mp-I kwL-Sn-n-p-Ibpw
sNpI.

hjm-cw-`-n Xs \n-bn--s Xob-Xn-I-fpsSbpw AP--bp-sSbpw ASn-m-\-n cnXm

-fpsS ]m-fnw Dd-p-h-cp-p, hyXy-kvXX-

Fm Ipn-I-fp-sSbpw t]mv t^mfntbm ]c-kv]c

ssIamw sNbvXv kn.-]n.-Sn.F Ifn KpWm-I
N-I \S-p-I.

2. hnZym-eb kwhn-[m-\-fpw {]{InbIfpw iam

SSG, SRG, CPTA XpS-nb hnZym-eb ]npWmkwhn[m-\- i-am--Ww.

Xn--W-p-I, KWn-X -ISwIY-I, KWnX ]{XnI-I Xm-dm-epw {]Zi-\-hpw, ]mt-Wp-I,

\nm- W - - f n- I Ch- s bms DsSpw
hn[w "KWn-X--fcn' kwL-Sn-n-m-hp--XmWv. CXv amk-n-sem-cn--se-nepw IqSn-bncn--Ww.

KWn- X s kv t \ln- p- , Gsd

Xmev]-cy-tmsS KWn-X-tI-fn-I \Sp {]mtZ-inI hyn-I DsSp "KWn-X-N-m-Xn-qw' cq]o-Icn-p-I. mv XpS-p--Xn-\p-apv
hmjnI ]- X n- X - m- d m- p- t m
Xs Cu {Kqns ]m-fnw Dd-ph-cp-p-Xv KpW-I-c-am-bn-cn-pw.

KWnX {Kqns t\Xr-Xz-n ssUkv, ImUp-I, Iv sIp-I, Nn{X-,

hf-I, amSn/]pfn-pcp XpS-nb KWn-XIn-n-te-m-h-iy-amb km[-\- tiJ-cn-pIbpw Hmtcm-Ip-nbvpw Bh-iym-\p-krXw
FSp-p-]-tbm-Kn-m Ignbpw hn[w {]Zi\-mp-I Xm-dm-p-Ibpw sNpI.

KWnX {Kqns t\Xr-Xz-n KWnX- K m- \ - , KWn- X ]Tt\m- ] - I - c W

inev]-im-e-I, KWn-X-I-fn-I, Ipkr-

23

3. inev]-im-e-I, Iymp-I, Ifn--f-

District/BRC/CRC/School level Fn-s\ hnhn[ Xe-fn inev]-im-e-I kwL-Sn-n-t--Xm-Wv. Cu
inev]-im-e-I-fn \S-t {]h-\-fn Nneh
CXm.

]T-\]
- n-tm-m-h A\p-`h
- n-p Ipn-Ip
adaptation module XpS-nbh Xm-dm-. A[ym]- I pw Ccw Ipn- I - f psS cm- I mp {]tXyI ssIp-kvX-Ihpw Xm-dm-.
(aq-p-am-k-n-sem-cn--se-n-epw)

KWn-Xm-ib cq]o-I-c-W-n-\p-X-Ip KWn-X-tI-fnI Isp-p. Cu tIfn-I Ds-Spw-hn[w

env samUyq- f p- I Is- p- p. AXns
t{]mkv Nn-s-Spn samUyq-fp-I Xm-dm-pp. (Pn-m-Xew, kn.B.kn.Xew, _n.Bkn. Xew,
A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e-\w)

C.P.T.A. Module Xm-dm-

KWnX Worksheet IfpsS cq]o-I-cWw
inev]-im-e-I-fn-eqsS cq]-s-Sp Bi-b-fpw [mcW-Ifpw {]tbm-Knv ^e-{]m]vXn t_m[y-s-tS-Xn-\mbn Pnm-X-e-n Hcp kvIqfn 5 Znh-kw
\op-\np KWn-tXm--h-Iym-p-I kwLSn-n-mw. cm-Im-, hnZymebkaqlw Chcp- s S- s bmw ]m- f n- - t m- s S- b m- b n- c n- Ww
Ccw Iymp-I kwL-Sn-n-t--Xv. (IpnIfpsS KWn-X- Xm]-cy-n-ep-mb amw Hcp ]T\w
IqSn Cu Ah-k-c-n \S-m-hp-Xm-Wv.)

KWn- X - t I- f n- I , \nXy- P o- h n- X m- \ p- ` - h - , Chsbmw Fs\ Ipn-Ifn Bi-b-cq-]o-I-c-W-n\v

klm- b - I - a m- I pw. Ccw k`- - f n cmIm--v Fs\ CS-s]-Sm Ignbpw XpSnb Imcy- efn-X-ambpw kc-k-ambpw hyampw hn[w ssIp-kvXI \nmWw. (CXv PnmXew apX kvIq Xew hsc \S-m-hp--Xm-Wv)

4. mkv apdn k-am-

1.

_v, tai, Itk-c Fn-hbvv \-dn-S

2.

Ipn-Iv \ ImUv

3.

kwJy-I amm-hp Ie-

4.

mkv apdn-bn Npa-cn Dd-n-m-hp A_m-kv

9.

10. Hmtcm Ipn-bp-tSbpw KWnX Inp-I-fpsS {]Zi\

t]mv
11.

5.

6.

_p-n t_mUv--Hmtcm Znh-khpw Hmtcm KWnX

{]iv\w

kmUv t{S-Hmtcm Znh-khpw KWnX {]iv\-

e`y-am-hp hn[-n skv sN

KWn-X ]pkvX-I-
KWnX IY-I, ]mp-I Ds-Sp-nb hmb\m
kma-{Kn-I

_nKv Iymhmkv D]- t bm- K nv KWnXmib

cq]oIcWw

KWnX {]iv\- tcJ-s-Sp-nb ImUp-I

kv{Imv _pv

7.

]nd-m Ie

8.

Xd-bn skp sNbvX ]mpw tImWnbpw sKbvapIfpw

hv jop-I

24

5. A[-ym-]I ss\]p-Wn-I sasSp

Ipn-I KWn-Xs h-am\w ]d-bm\pw Bi-b-hn\n-abw \S-m\pw N sNm\pw Hnv ]Wn-sb-Spm- \ p- a p Hcp hnj- b - a mbn ImWp Ah
DmIWw.
Hmtcm Ipnpw KWnXw ]Tn-m X\np Ignbpsa
hnizmkapm-I-Ww. KWn-X-tm-Sp `bw amdn KWnXs Bk-z-Zn-p Ah hcWw. NCF 2005 aptmp-sh Cu KWnX kao-]-\-n-eqn XsbmWv Hmwmknse KWnX-{]-h-\-fpw Nn-s-Sp-n-bn-cn-p-Xv.
kwJ-y-I-fn-eqsS temIs hni-I-e\w sNp-Ibpw hymJ-ym-\n-p-I-bpw sNpI F-XmWv KWn-X-ns ASnm\ k-z-`m-hw. kwJy FXv Aaq-am-b-Xp-sImp
Xs Hmw mkn Ipn-I-fpsS BPnX Adn-hn-ep
hy-X-ym-khpw PohnX ]mXehpw IW-n-se-Sp-pthWw {]h\ Nn- s - S p- m. CXn- \ mbn
KWnXn-ep A[-ym-]-Is ss\]p-Wn-Ifpw hnI-knt--Xp-v.
1.

2.

Hmw mkn {]th- i \w tXSnb Ipn- I - f psS

KWnXtijn- b nse hy- X - y m- k Xncn- - d nv
k-Xm {]-h-\- Nn-tbmsS Bkq-{XWw
sNp-p.
Ipn-bnse _lp-apJ _pn-L-S-I-sf KWn-X-]-T\-n\v {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-p coXn- Xncn--dn-bp-p.
Iem--Im-bnI {]h-\- KWnX samU-yq-fn
integrate sNbv X v {]h- \ - s am- c p- p- - X ns
km[yX Xncndn-bp-p.

3.

{]{In- b m- t i- j n- I hnI- k n- n- m- \ p- X - I p Xcn KWn-X- sam-Uyqfp-I NnsSpp coXn

t_m[y-s-Sp-p.

4.

Hmw mnse Ipn cq]o-I-cn-t KWn-Xm-i-b-sf-p-dnv [mcW ssIh-cn-p-p.

25

5.

Ipn IS-p-t]m-tI am\-knI {]{In-b-I Xncn-dn-bp-p.

6.

KWn-Xm-ib cq]o-I-c-W-n\pw am\-knI {]{In-bI ssIh-cn-p--Xn\pw A\p-tbm-Py-amb {]h\- Is-p-p.

7.

Hmtcm Ipnbpw anIhv ssIh-cn-p--Xn\v th

A\p-cq-]o-I-cW {]{In-b-I Xm-dm-p-p.

8.

A\p-tbm-Py-amb ]T\ kma-{Kn-I Xm-dm-p-Xn\pw {]tbm-Kn-p--Xn\pw [mc-W, sshZKvZyw Ch

ssIh-cn-pp.

9.

A[ym-]-I \Inb ]T-\-{]-h-\-fpw AXneqsS Ipn ssIh-cn am\-knI {]{In-b-Ifpw KWnXm-i-b-fpw hne-bn-cp-p-p.

10.

ka-{Khpw \nc--c-hp-amb hne-bn-cp- \S-p-Xn\pw Hmtcm L- nepw A\p- t bm- P y- a mb

^oUv_mIv \In Ipn-bpsS {]Xo-nX t\-ntev Fn-p-p.

11.

KWn-X-nse ]T-\-sX-fn-hp-I hne-bn-cpn XpS

{]h-\- Bkq-{XWw sNp-p.

12.

mkv apdn-bn KWn-Xm--cow Hcp-p-p.

13.

ICT km[y-XI
- KWn-X
- n {]tbm-P\
- s
- -Sp-p-p.

14.

{]mtZ-inI hn`-h-fpw sshZ-KvZy-fpw KWn-Xn {]tbm-P-\-s-Sp-pp.

15.

Ipn KWnXw Bkz-Zn-p--Xn\pw \nXy-Po-hn-Xn \nc--c-ambn KWnX `mj D]-tbm-Kn-p-Xn\pw IpnbpsS Ignhv hn-n-p-p.

16.

Ipn- I - f psS Pohn- X m- \ p- ` - h - - f p- a mbn _- s

{]mtZ-inI {]iv\- Is-p-Ibpw hni-I-e\
X{- cq]o-I-cn-pIbpw sNpp.

kmam\y[mcWIsf imkv{Xobamb Adnhm

{]h\ ]mtPv ]cnkc]T\w

]cnkc]T\w Hmw mkn

cq]oIcn Adnhv ]pXnb k`n {]tbmKn
m Ignbpn.

Ipn Xs ]cnkcs ]Tnpw A\p`hnpw hfcpIbmWv.

Hu]NmcnI ]T\n\pappXs \ncc satmWw
CXv \Spp. Ipw tIpw cpNnpw aW pw
sXmpt\mnbpw Hmtcm Ipnbpw Xs A\p`h
]cnkcs hn]peampIbmWv . hnZymebn
tNp IgnbptmgmIs Cu ]T\ns\mcp
imkv{Xobam\w ssIhcpp.

{]iv\ k` t_m[]qhw mkn

krjv S nsSpn. cq]oIcn Adnhv ]pXnb
k`fn {]tbmKntXmsW Xncndnhv
Ipnv e`npn.
cq]oIcn Bib hn\nabw sNpXn
{]bmkw t\cnSpp.

HmwXcw ]qnbmp Hcp Ipnv ]cnkc]T\

n Xmsg kqNnnp IgnhpI Dmbncnpw.

HmwXcnse teJ\]camb ]cnanXn Hcp

ImcWamWv. hmNnI{]IS\, Nn{X,
Nn{XoIcWw t]meph D]bpammsa
Xncndnhv C, amXrII mkn krjv S n
sSpn.

imkv{X]T\ns coXn Xncndnbpp.

Bib]camb [mcWI ssIhcnpp.
imkv{X{]h\fn GsSpXn Xmev]
cyw {]ISnnpp.

]pXnb ktX ]conm A[ym]Iv

[mcWI sastSXpv.

ImcyImcW_ns ASnm\n temI

s bpn]qhw t\mnmWpp.

cq]oIcn Bibsf hyXykvX tImWpIfn

\nv t\mnmWphm Ignbpn.

\ne\np {]iv \ sfsms? ImcW

Fmbncnmw?

sshhn[yam coXnI mkn A\phn

pn.

IpnI t\Snb Adnhv {]{InbmbtijnIfpsS

{]tbmKneqsS cq]oIcn Adnhmbn amdpn.

{]h\v Bh\ kzm`mhw. thdn

NnIv Ahkcw Ipdhv. {Kqn ]pshm
Ahkcfn. {Kqv {]h\fpsS {]m[m\yw
A[ym]I Xncndnbpn.

IpnIfpsS BPnX Adnhns\ hn]pesSpp

Xn\v t_m[]qhamb {iaw mkv apdnbn
\Spn.

X\nv t\cnv ]cnNbap A\p`h]cnkcs

am{Xw Xncndnbpp. AXn\papdtv t]mIm
Ignbpn.

{]{InbmtijnIfpsS {]tbmKneqsS imkv{Xob

ASnd \nanm Nne ]cnanXnI \ne\n
pp.

sF.kn.Sn km[yXI {]tbmPsSppXn

]cnanXnI \ne\npp. kn.UnI, IupI,
Nn{X, ]mhI... Fnh {]tbmP\sSpp
Xv XmcXtay\ IpdhmWv.

{]{InbmtijnIfpsS sshhn[yam Xefnte

v ]T\w ]ptcmKanpn. Htc {]{InbXs
Bhnpp.
{Kqv {]h\v mkn th{X {]m[m
\yw e`npn.

Xs kmam\y [mcWIsf imkv{Xns coXnbp]tbmKnv imkv{Xob [mcWIfmn amm

HmtcmIpnsbbpw k\mpI

28

t\c\p`h mkpapdnbn Hcpphm

skdn tkmgvkpI D]tbmKnpXn
sshZKv[ypdhv ]cnanXnbmbn \ne\npp.

Imebfhn Ipnbnepmb amw Fsv

Xncndnbm/tcJsSpm Ignbpn.
\ncc hnenbncp taJebn AhyXI
\ne\npp.

]cnkc]T\hpambn _sv Hcp \nnX

]cnkc]T\w {]XonX ]T\ t\

]cnkc]T\ns {]XonX ]T\ t\
apt]Pn kqNnn eyns Dtiyfmbn
kqNnnncnpp.
1.

mkv /kvIq ]T\m\p`h iam

IpnI t\Snbnp AdnhpIv imkv{Xob ASnd
HcpWw. Ipn hnZymebnsepXn\pappXs
t\Snbnp AdnhpIsf ImcyImcW_ns
ASnm\n hniIe\w sNm km[nWw.
Fs\? FpsImv? Fns\bp tNmZy
Hmtcm A\p`htmSv _sSpnbpw tNmZnphm
km[nWw. Ccw tNmZyfntev Ipnsb
\bnm\p X{ Bkq{XWw sNWw.

Ipn t\Snbnp kmam\y [mcWIsf Hmtcm

bq\npambn _sv {]{InbmtijnIfpsS
{]tbmKneqsS imkv{Xobamb Adnhmn ampI.

2. PohnX k`, bq\npIfnse Bib

Fnhbpambn _sv cq]oIcn AdnhpIsf
]pXnb k`fn {]tbmKnpI.

imkv { X]T\n {]{InbmtijnIfpsS {]m[m\yw

Xncndnbm km[nWw. ]cnkc]T\n\v A\ptbm
Pyamb mkv, kvIq Acow HcpWw. (Hmtcm
bq\nnsebpw Xoan\v A\ptbmPyamb coXnbn mkv
{IaoIcntXpv DZmlcWw bq\nv 1 agtbm ag
hm t], Nn{X) Nne ]T\m\p`h NphsS
tNpp.

3. Hcp {]iv \ stbm Bibttbm hyXykv X

tImWpIfneqsS t\mnmWm\pw {]iv\]cnl
cWn\p hnhn[ amKfn \nv A\ptbm
PyambXv Ism\pw km[npI.
4. Xs Npp]mSpItfmSpw kmaqly BhiytfmSpw
imkv{Xobambn {]XnIcnm IgnbpI.

^oUv {Snv ({]iv\]cnlcWw)

5. Xm t\Snb AdnhpI Xs IgnhpI Fnh

Xncndnbm\pw kzbw hnebncpm\pw hnhn[
hgnIfn sasSpm\pw IpnIsf k
cmpI.

eLp ]coW
IpnIfpsS tNmZy, imkv{X kw_nbmb
IYI

ta]d Dtiy tIhew A[ym]I ]cnioe

\n am{Xambn ]cnKWnstShb. adn Hcp
hnZymebhjs samw apnIv IrXyamb
Bkq{XWneqsS LwLambn kmmXv cn
stShbmWv. Fn GsXms XefnemWv
KpW]camb am AYhm ]pXpepI Bhiy
ambnhcpXv Fv hnebncptXpv . mkp
apdnbnepw hnZymebnepw AXpambn _sv
GsSpt Imcy BtemNnWw. kaql
nsbpw cnXmfpsSbpw klIcWhpw Iqmbva
bpw e`yamm\p {]h\ Bkq{XWw
sNWw. Ccn Bkq{XWw sNWsan
Xobmbpw A[ym]I t\SnsbSpt ss\]pWn
I GsXmsbmsWv N sNWw. Ccn
hyXykvX Xefn ka{Kambpw kqvaXenepw
Bkq{XWw sNbvXv {]h\ \Snemptm
am{XamWv ka{KhnZymeb hnIk\w F Bibw
^e{]ZamIpXv.

cq]oIcn BibfpsS AhXcWw (Nn{X,

NmpI, Bib]S, \namW)
hnhctiJcW SqfpIfpsS \namWw.
tdm t, \mSIoIcWw ({]iv \ w ]cnlcn
coXnbpsS AhXcWw).
imkv{XIYI, Nn{XW FnhbpsS hmb\.
imkv{Xhnjbhpambn _s Zn\mNcWfn
]sSp.
kvIqfn \StXv,
kv I qXe \bcq]oIcWw, {]h\fpsS
Bkq{XWw Ie cq]oIcn
Bhiyamb km[\kma{KnI ]nIsSp,
Is, Hcp.

29

kvIqmkv Xe _pn, Unkvt t_mUv,

_nKv]nIvN \namWw.

A\pcq]oIcWw
Bhiyap
IpnIsf
Is ({]iv \ hniIe\w, {]iv \ ]cnlmc
amK, hynKX ]T\]Xn Xmdm)

mkv ]nSnF, ]nSnF, Fw]nSnF FnhbpsS

XobXn, AP, {]{Inb Fnh \nbn
kvIqXen
hnIknn.

hnebncp

kn.B.kn./_o,B.knbn \StXv,

SqfpI

kvIq Xe{]h\ ]mbv Xen

]psh

Fkv.B.Pn tbmK, XobXn, AP, {]{Inb

Fnh Xocpam\n.

inev]imeI kwLSnn
kvIq]n.C.kn. _w ZrVam

Fkv.Fkv.Pn tbmK, XobXn, AP, {]{Inb

Fnh Xocpam\n.

hnZymebhnIk\ Bhiy ]cnKWnpsImv

Ie Xmdm.

ssZ\wZn\ Bkq{XWw A\p`h ]nS, amw

hcp

A[ym]I ss\]p-Wn-I
taJe 1 : A[ym-]-I t\tS [mc-W-I, hnizmk-, at\m-`m-h-

hnhn[ bqWn-p-I-fnse ]cn-kc]T\ Bi-b-tfbpw

{]{In-b-I-sfbpw Hmw Xc-nse IpnI-fpsS ]cnk-c-n \nh-Nn-p-Ibpw {]Xo-nX ]T\t\ hnI-kn-n-p-Ibpw sNpp

imkv{X]-T-\-sa-Xv ]cn-k-cs/{]Ir-Xn-sb-p-dnv
Adn-bm-\p-Xpw Hu-]-Nm-cn-I-hpw,-im-kv{Xobhpamb
At\zjWneq- n- b p- - X p- a mb ]T- \ - c o- X n- b msWp [mcW cq]o-I-cnpp

Ipn-bpsS ka{K hnI-k\ \ne-hm-cw, BnX Adnhp- I , A\p- ` - h - ,- B n- X - a mb {]{Inbm

tijnI Fnh ]c-kv]cw _-sSpn sImv
shp-hn-fn-bp-Wp ]T\{]iv\--fmbn Ah- X cn-n-tpXns Bh-iy-IX Xncn--dn-bp-I-bpw,]-T\{]iv\- cq]oI-cn-p-Ibpw sNpp.

imkv{Xob Adnhv FXv Dul-/ ]cn-Iev]\I, hnhc-, \nb-a-, knm-- Fn-hbpsS cq]o- I - c - W - a m- s W- pap [mcW cq]o- I cnpp

Hmw Xc-nse Ipn-IfpsS _unI \nehm-cn ASnm\ {]{In-bm-ti-jn-Ifpw, Ah-bpsS

kqN-I-fpw \nh-Nnv hnI-kn-n-pp

Hmw Xc-nse Ipn-I-fpsS A\p-`h ]m--en, imkv { X ]T\w FXv ]cnkc]T- \ - a msWpw -km-am\y[mc-W-Isf imkv{Xob [mc-W-Ifmp {]{In-b-bm-sWpw \nh-Nn-p-p.

Hmw Xc-nse bqWn-p-I-fp-ambpw ]mTy]Xn

ey--fp-ambpw _-sp sImv, ]cn-kc]T\
]mt- P ns ey- fpw {]h\ ]Xnbpw
\nh-Nn-p-Ibpw Ipn-I-fpsS A\p-`h ]m--en ]T-\m-\p-`-h- Is-p-Ibpw sNp-p.

hnhn[ bqWn-p-I-fnse {][m\ Bi-b-fpw {]{Inb-I-fp-ambn _-s AdnhpI-fpsS ]cntim[-\bpw

imkv{Xob [mc-W-I-fmn amepw [mc-W-I sas-Sp-epw {]{In-b-I in-s-Sp--ep-amWv ]cnkc ]T-\-ns ey-sav {]mtbm-KnI-ambn \nhNn-pp

Hmw Xc-nse Ipn-IfpsS \ne-hm-c-n Adnhp

\nmW {]{Inb hymJym-\n-p-p. ( hykvX-fmb
bqWn-p-I, tijn-I, ]T\ coXn-I, hyXy-kvXcmb IpnI)

]cn-kc ]T-\-n\v Ipnsb k-am-m-\mbn A[ym]-I F \nebn Xs [mc-W-Ifpw hnizm-kfpw ]cn-tim-[n-p-Ibpw ^e-{]-Z-amb ]T-\-n\v
Xs [mc-W-I-fnepw, hnizm-k--fnepw hcpt
am- Xncn--dn-bp-Ibpw sNpp

Ipn-I-fpsS sshhn[yn-\-\p-kcnpw, _lp-apJ

_pnbpsS km[y-X-I ]cnKWnpw, ]cn-kc ]T\w
kw_-n Bi-b-n-\mbn sshhn[y-am ]T\
sfnhpI Is-p-p.

30

taJe 2 : mkvdqw amt\-Pvsa v ss\]p-Wn-I

hnh-c-ti-J-c-W-n\pw Bib cq]o-I-c-W-n-\pw,

Adn-hns {]tbm-K-n-\p-ambn Ah-k-c-sam-cppw
hn[w, IY-I,-]m-p-I, tNmZy-, eLp t{]mPIvSp-I, ^oUv {Snv, eLp]co--W- Fnh
]T\ t_m[\ {]{Inb-bp-ambn DZv{K-Ynv \S-m-p-p.

IpnbpsS ka{K hnI-k-\m-h-iy--fpw, ]cn-kc]T\ns ey- fpw t\SpXn Ipn- I sf

\nccw {]tNm-Zn-n-p-Ibpw {]h-\- Bkq{XWw sNp-Ibpw sNp-I.

taJe 4 : ^e-{]-Z-amb A\pcq]o-I-cWw

Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb ]ckv]c _hpw kl-I-c-Whpw
Ipn-I-fn-ep-Wn ka{K hnI-k-\w km[y-am-hp
t_m[\ X{- D]-tbm-KnpI.

Ipn-bpsS hyn-K-X-amb ]T-\m-h-iy- ]T\coXn

Fnh Xncn--dnv, Hmtcm {]Xo-nX t\hpw
ssIh-cn-p--Xn\v A\p-tbm-Py-amb hn[n {]{Inbm-ti-jn-Iv {]m[m\yw \In A\p-cq-]o-I-cW
X{- sa\-bp-p..

hyn- K - X - a mbpw sNdp- { Kqnepw, cp t]cpsS

{Kqnepw Is--ep-Ifpw,-Xncn-dn-hp-Ifpw ]p-shp--Xn\v IpnIv Ah-k-c-sam-cp-p-p.

]T-\-n shp-hnfn t\cnSp Ipnv A\p-tbmPy-amb A\p-cq-]o-I-cW X{- AS-nb hynKX ]T\]Xn cq]o-I-cnv \S-m-p-p.

hnhn[ bqWn-p-I-fp-ambn _-sv hyXykvX taJe-I-fn IqSp-X hnh-c- tiJ-cn-- hn[w,

Nn{X-, cq]-, amXr-I-I Fnh tiJ-cn-pI-bpw, tiJ-cn-m {]tNm-Zn-n-p-Ibpw sNpI.

Ipn-I-fpsS kmwkvmcnIhpw, kmaq-lnIhpw hnZym`ymk ]c-hp-amb ]m--e-hpw hn`-h-fpw ImgvNmSpw hnI-k-\m-h-iy-fpw ]cn-K-Wnp sImv,
sshhn[yamXpw hyXykvX \ne-hm-c-n-ep--Xpamb ]T-\-{]-h-\-fpw, ]T\ X{-fpw hnIkn-n-p-p.

taJe 3 : ^e-{]-Z-amb ]T\t_m[\ {]{Inb

hnhn[ bqWn-p-I-fnse Bi-b-, {]{In-b-I
Fnhbpambn _-sv Hmtcm Ipnbpw t\Snb
kmam\y [mc-W-I {]Im-in-n-m\pw Ahsb
imkv{Xob [mc-W-I-fmn amm\pw DXIpwhn[w
imkv{X]cn-kc ]T\{]{Inb Bkq-{XWw sNpp.

taJe 5 : ^e-{]-Z-amb hnebncp

]T\ {]Xn-I-c-W-, ]T-\-s-fn-hp-I, eLp
t{]mP-IvSp-I, ^oUv {Snp-I Fnh D]-tbmKnv Ipn-I cq]o-I-cn Adn-hv, AXns {]tXy-IX-I, ]T\ t\hpambn AXn-\p ASpw Fnh
hne-bn-cp-p-p.

hnhn[ {]{In-bm-tijnI-fn AS-nb am\-knI

{]{In-b-I -Xn-cn--dnv Ah ]T\ t_m[-{]-{In-bbn {]tbm-Kn-p-p.
]cn- k c]T\ Bi- b - fpw {]{In- b - I fpw insSpm\pw Ipn-bpsS A\p-`h ]cn-k-cw, BPnX
Adn-hp-I, kmaq-ln-Ihpw, `mXn-I-hp-amb ]mew Fnh ]cn-K-Wnp sImv {]Xo-nX ]T\
t\-fpw AXn-\p {]{In-bbpw hnI-kn-n-p-p.

kzbw hne-bn-cp-, sNdp kwL-ns hne-bncp- , A[ym- ] - I s hne- b ncp FnhbneqsS Hmtcm Ipnbpw kzw ]T\ t\hpw ,
]T-\m-h-iy-fpw Xncn--dn-bp--Xn-\pw, {]{Inbm
tijn-I, BPnX Adn-hp-I Fn-h-bpsS {]tbmK-n Xs hyn-KX ey- \n-bn-m\p-XIpw hn[hpw hne-bn-cp- X{- {]tbmKn-p-p.

]T\t_m[\ {]{In-b-bn Dul-, ]cnI-ev]-\I, hnh-c-, BPoX Adn-hp-I, kwi-b-

Fnh ssIam-dm\pw ]cn-tim-[nm\pw sa-s-Spm\pw DXIpwhn[w hnhn-[--fmb Bib hn\nab X{- ({Kqv, A[ym-]-Is kwkm-cw, IpnI-fpsS tNmZy-.....)- B-hn-jv-cnv {]tbm-Kn-pp.

Hmtcm Ipn-bp-sSbpw t]mpt^mfn-tbm, B_, tiJ-c-W-, ap ]T\ sXfn-hp-I Fnh

kam-l-cn-p-Ibpw Ah hni-I-e\w \Sn {]XonX ]T\ t\-hp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv IpnbpsS
]T\ ]ptcm-K-Xn, ]T\ {]iv\-, XpSp ]T\
{]h-\- Fnh ( Ipn, cn-Xm-hv) ssIamdpIbpw sNp-p.

Hmw Xc-nse bqWn-p-Ifpw, ]mTy-]-Xn ey-fp-ambn _-sp sImv ]cn-kc ]T\ ]mtPv , {]mhn- I - a m- m- \ p ]T- \ m- \ p- ` - h - ,
kma{KnI, hne-bn-cp- coXn-I Fnh \Sm-p-p.

31

32

Ac-sm-cp-
BZys cmgvNtp {]h\fpsS cq]-tcJ

Hmtcm Ipnbpw av IpnIfn \nv hyXykv X cmWv FXv hnZym`ymk

taJebnse GXv Nbnepw Dbp tIpXpw kmam\yambn AwKoIcn
Xpamb Hcp {]kvXmh\bmWv. Fm Cu {]kvXmh\ FmWv AYam
pXv? hyXykvXamp LSI GsXmamWv? Ch ]T\{]{Inbbn
]cnKWntXptm? apXemb tNmZysfpdnp hyXykv X amb
A`n{]mb AhnsS \nsmpw tImdpan. Cs\sbmcp hoWhpw
\ne]mSpw Cv FmbnSpw Fmhcpw AwKoIcnppshv XsbmWv
\mw IcpXpXv. Fm Cu hyXykvXXsb
Hmtcmcpcpw \nhNnpXv Fs\bmWv?
kv q hnZym`ymk {]{Inbbn AsXmcp km[yXbmtWm AtXm
_m[yXtbm?
"hyXykvXXsb XncndntbXv Bscmw, Fs\sbmw, Ftm?
CXns\ kvqfnse hnZym`ymkmconepw mkpapdnbnse
]T\t_m[\ {]{Inbbnepw ]cnKWnpIbpw DtpIbpw,
hnIknnpIbpw sNtsXs\?
Fo tNmZy N sNsSp Ahkc IpdhmsWv am{Xa,
AXns Bib]chpw {]mtbmKnIhpamb {]h\w \nhNnm\pw
hnIknnm\pw D Imshbv]pI th{X DmIppan. hnZym`ymkw
Hcp P\m[n]Xy{]{Inbbpw kmaqlnIoIcW {]{Inbbpambn amdpXv Cu
hyXykv X Xbv v CSw \In AXns\ {]Iminnm\p Ahkcw
\IptmgmWv.
kvq hnZym`ymkhpw ]TnXmfpsS hyXykvXXbpw
imcocnIhpw am\knIhpw _pn]chpw sshImcnIhpw Bb IgnhpIfmWv
]TnXm Xnep hyXykvXXbvv \nZm\ambn ChnsS ]cnKWnpXv.
IqSpX sas Ahbntev hfm\p DchmZnamWv
kvqfpI GsSppXv. ss\kKnIamb Cu IgnhpIsf hfm\pw
kmaqly{]{Inbbn ^e{]Zambn GsSm\p IgnhpI BPnm\pap
(hmb\, Fgpv, KWnXmt_m[w, apXembh) A\p`h HcppXn
kv qfn\v \nWmbIamb m\apv . AXv `wKnbmbn \nhlnm
kvqfns\bpw A[ym]Itcbpw klmbnm\p Hcp cq]tcJbmWv kvq
]mTy]Xn. Hu]NmcnI ]T\n\p ]Xn F \nebn hnhn[
{]mbnep IpnIv AhcpsS s]mXphfbvmhiyamb
]T\m\p`h \ntinphm\p NpaXebpw ]mTy]Xnbvpv. Cu
A\p`hfn ]sSpm\p s]mXphmb kXbpw am\knIhpw
_pn]chpw sshImcnIhpamb \nehmchpw IpnIfn \nv Cu ]mT-y-]-Xn
{]Xonppv. Cu {]XoIfntepw, AXneqnbp ]T\m\p`h
fntepamWv hyXykv X kmlNcyfn \np IpnI BZyambn

33

kvqfnsepXv. IpnIfpsS honse kmaqlyhpw

kmnIhpw kmwkvmcnIhpamb {]tXyIXI
\pkcnv Ahv CtXhsc e`n A\p`hfpw
hyXykv X ambncnpw. kv q ]T\n\p {]Xo
nX IgnhpIfpsS Imcynepw Cu hyXymkw {]IS
amsWv Cv temIsapw AwKoIcnnpv.

IpsSpIbpw sNpw. ]etmgpw Ah mkp

apdnbnse ]T\m\p`hfn \nv HgnnSshcmbn
amdpXv km[mcW ImgvNbmWv. F{Xbpw t\ct
Xs Cu hnShv Isn AXv ]cnlcnm\p
hgnI \SmpIbmWv Hmw mknse IpnI
mbn kvq BZyambn GsSpt ZuXyw.

It is universally recognised that when children come to

school, there is a wide gap between those who are best
prepared and those who are least prepared for schooling
(Donaldson, Margaret : 1978)

AwKhmSn, _mehmSn FnhnSfn \nv Ipnv

e`np A\p`h Hmw mknse ]T\n\p
{]XonX \nehmcambn IcpXm Ignbn. Hmw
mknsentNcp IpnIv kvq ]T\n\p
{]XonX \nehmcw t\Sm\p {]tXyI ]T\m\p
`h \IpXneqsS Hmtcm Ipnpw kv q
]T\n ^e{]Zambn GsSm Ignbpw F
hnizmkhpw A[ym]I kaqln\pv.

Cu hyXymkw ]cnlcnnsn IpnInSbnep

hnShns Bgw {ItaW h[nphcnIbpw, {]XonX
IgnhpIp A\p-`-h- Ipd IpnI tamiw
]TnXmfmtbm, ]T\thKXIpdhtcm Bbn ap{Z

Ac-sm-cp- Dtiyw
Hmwmknsep IpnIv kvq ]T\n\p {]XonX \nehmcw t\Sm {]tXyI
]T\m\p`h \In AhcpsS ^e{]Zamb ]T\n\pw ka{KhnIk\n\pw A\ptbmPyamb
Ah kwPm-X-am-pI.

{]{Inbbpw {]h\fpw

\nanpamWv IqnI Bmhnjvmcw \SpXv.

Ccw A\p`h fneqsS ISpt]mbn thWw Ah
Hu]NmcnIamb ]T\w Bcw`ntXv.

Hmw mkn tN IpnIv ]mT`mKnse

{]h\fntev ISpXnp apv Nne
kXm {]h\ \tIXpv. ImcWw
IpnI {]okvq A\p`hfpsS Imcyn ]e
XpIfnembncnpw.

IpnIv kzbw Bhnjvcnm\p Ahkc

\I
Nn{Xwhc, \ndw \I, \nmW{]h\
(t], CeI, ]qhpI, sNfn, aW, apXembh
D]tbmKnv)

IrXyambn AwKhmSnIfn t]mbh

AwKhmSnIfn CSbvnsS t]mbh

icocw D]tbmKnp sImp Bhnjv mcw

IfnI, A`n\bw

AwKhmSnIfn Xosc t]mImh

AwKhmSnbn t]mb IpnIp Xs {]okvq
A\p`h IpdhmImw. ]mp]mS, IY ]db,
Nn{Xw hc, \ndw \I, IY tI, kwkmcw,
kqvat]io hnImkhpambn _s {]h\
fn GsS, IfnIfn GsS apXembhbn
IpnIv A\p`h e`yamIpn. ]mT`mKn
tep ISpXn\papv IpnIfpsS Ccw
A]cym]v X XI ]cnKWnv CXpambn _s
IqSpX A\p`h \tIXpv . Fm
IpnIfn ]e IgnhpI DpXm\pw. Ahv kzbw
Bhnjvcnm\p Ahkc \IpI FXmWv
{][m\w. AXneqsSbmWv AhcpsS IgnhpI hnIkn
pXv. \nd D]tbmKnv Nn{Xw hcpw Ifnpw
A`n\bnpw IY]dpw ]mp]mSnbpw cq]

IY]db, ]mp]mS
kwkmcn
IYtI, kwKoXw tI, IYm]pkvXIw
hmbnptI, Nn{X ImW
]t{nbfpsS hnImkhpambn _s
IfnI, {]h\
sshm\nI hnImkhpambn _s {]h
\
apIfn kqNnn eyfntev IpnI aptdpp
tm Fv hnebncptXpv. Cs\ hnebncp
Wsan AXp IpnIfpsS hnImktaJeIfpambn

34

_nnp thWw sNm. IpnIfpsS ka{KhnImk

hpambn _sv hnebncpm\p taJeI Xmsg
]dbphbmWv.

amdpp. \nnX kabn\pn If Isn

AXn Ibdn \npI FXmWv Cu IfnbpsS
shphnfn.

1.

kqva t]iohnIk\w

imco-cnI Ne-\-ss\-]p-Wn-I
icocns qeNe\, kqvaNe\,
(hnhn[Xcw IfnI) kqv a t]io hnImkw
(Iod, apdn, Hn)

hnhn[ hkvXp Iod (ssIsImv). ISemkv,

CeI, HmeI, etc.

2.

{ibpw GIm{KXbpw
IYI, ]mpI tI, {]h\fn
apgpI

3.

`mh\mINnbpw {]IS\hpw
Drawing, role play, dramatic play, \namWw

av Ipg, cq] \nn

4.

]t{n-b--fpsS hnImkw
ImgvN, tIhn, kv]iw, aWw, cpNn

ISemkv , CeI, HmeI, ]qhpI Fnh

sImv cq] \nn

5.

kmaqlyhnImkw
s]cpamw, sshImcnIX, `mh{]IS\w, kwLw
tNp {]h\

hnhn[ hkvXp apdn I{XnI D]tbmKnv.

hSemkpI, ]{XSemkpI,
ISemkp aSn HdnKmanI \nn

6.

kwkmcneqsS Bibmhnjvmcw

7.

_unIhnImkw
Bib{KlWw, hnebncp, Hmin,
hymJym\n, aphcpsS Imgv N mSneqsS
ImW.

sImfmjv \nmWw
BZys 34 Znhkfn Ch thdn {]h\
fmbn \Imw. Nnetm IfnIfpsS cq]nepw
Fm ]noSv IYbpambn _nnv \nmW
{]h\fmbn Ch ammw.
taJe 2 : {ibpw GIm{KXbpw
IpnI CjvSsSpXpw, AhcpsS \nehmcn\p
tbmPnXpamb IYI tI, ]mpI tI,
kwKoXw tI, IYm]pkvXIw hmbnp, tI
ZoLt\cw \op \np {]h\fn
apgpI, \nti {inv {]hn apXemb
]T\m\p`hfmWv CXns]SpXv.

taJe 1 : imco-cnINe-\-ss\-]p-Wn-I
Cu taJebpambn _sv icocns qe
t]inIfpsS hnImkn\pXIp hnhn[ Xcw Ifn
IfmWv IpnIv e`np ]T\m\p`h. Hw
eye hand co-ordination\p Nne IfnIfpw. CXn \mS
IfnIfpw Amhbpw s]Spw. CXv introduction game
Bbn \Imw. Hcp Znhkw Htm ctm. CXn an
IfnIfpw mkpapdnbn Xs IfnmhpXmWv. Ah
Xmsg ]dbphbmWv.
Ifw amd
Ifn Ibdmw
_m dnte
Upw Upw {]Xna
Fstmse
shw \nd
IbdpIfn

IY
]qtmw ]qmI kpcnqm ]dp ]dp
Nnenhebn IpSppp Ahsf Xnms\p
cmk Nnen AhfpsS Icn tX\oI
tIpp tX\oI XItfmSv XI
apbepItfmSv apbepI aq cmPmhnt\mSv aq
Nnensb sImpp.

]tdpIfn
Itkcfn
Bcm-Wn-m--Xv?
t]mknj sKbnw
\mcmmev Ifn
Xhfmw
]mngb

taJe 3 : `mh\mINnbpw {]IS\hpw

Nn{Xwhc, Nn{Xv \ndw \I

Hcp DZmlcWw CXm

IYbnse Zriyfpambn _s Nn{Xw hc

\nev, Npacn, ISemkn Nn{Xv \ndw \I
{Itbmkv, hm If, t]m If, {]IrXnbnse
hkvXp D]tbmKnv CeI, ]q, Ips]mSn
Fnh D]tbmKnv \ndw \I kzw ssIn
bpsS Huvsse hc, icocns Huvsse
hc (Nn{Xwhc BZyw \Ip Ifnbpambn
_smImw, IYbpambn _smImw)

Ifw amd Ifn

IpnIfpsS Fn\p IWmbn Hmtcm Ipnpw
Hp hoXw hr Xdbn hcpp. hrn\v
Hcp Ipnv Ibdn \nm\p hepw am{Xw
aXnbmIpw. So Xmfw \Ipp. Cu kabw IpnI
If amdpp. Xmfw ]Xps. Xmfn\\pkcnv
Ifw amdpp. Xmfns thKX Iqpp. thKn

35

\mSIfn

Xmfnep ]mpI Dm, ]mS

IYbpambn _s IYm]m{X, kw`h

Fnh kzw icocw D]tbmKnv IpnI kzbw
Bhnjvcnpp. CXv \mSIm`n\bw F \nebne
adnv IpnIfpsS Ifnbmbn thWw ImWm.

Fnhbpw ]T\m\p`hfmbn Hcpmw.

taJe 4 : ]t{n-b--fpsS hnImkw
]t{nbfpsS hnImkhpambn _s {]h
\. BZys introduction game\p tijtam
IYbpambn _s {]h\fpsS ]qoIc
Wn\p tijtam BWv Cu {]h\ \
tIXv. CXpw IfnIfmbn ImWWw. ImgvN, tIhn,
kv]iw, cpNn, aWw XpSnb C{nbfpsS hnImk
hpambn _s IfnI

]dbm t]mIp IYbnse Nne IYm]m{X

Bbnoc.
IYbnse Zriyfmbn kzbw amd.
IYptijw IYbnse kwLj aplq-
\mS-Io-Icn.
Xtmgnbpw Ippfpw ]cppw IYm]m{X
ambp IY AhXcnnpp. CXns \mSIfn
Fs\bmImw?

ISp InSv i_vZ tI {]IrXn

bnse i_v Z Zqsc \nph ASppw
\nph thXncndnb

IY]dbpXnp apt,

sXmp t\mndb knbnse hkvXp

ISv sXmp t\mndb

IpnIsfmhcpw XtmgnI BIpp. NnIbp

tImgn ......... HmSp tImgn ........ ]dp tImgn ........
Icbp tImgn ........ thKX Iqnbpw Ipdpw BeatI
\Ipp.

IpsInfn
aWp]dbs]mXnbnse hkvXp aWp
]db

IYptijw,
taJe 5 : kmaqlyhnImkw
1.

2.

Fmhcpw XtmgnI ......... tImgnpp

......... ]cppI ..........

kwLw tNp IfnI

hyXykvX {KqpIfn CSs]v {]hnm\p
Ahkcw \I

Ipdp IpnI Xtmgn ......... Ipdp t] tImgn

pp .......... aph ]cppI ..........
tImgnsb ]nSnm ]dp hcp ]cpv..........
XtmgnbpsS NndIn\Snbn HmSn Hfnp
tImgnpp.

taJe 6 : kwkmcneqsS Bibmhnjvmcw.

IY ]db, ]mp]mS.

Hcp Ipn ]cpv . ... asmcp Ipn Xtmgn.....

_mnbphscmw tImgnpp .......

honsebpw apw A\p`h ]dbm Ahkcw

\I.

(IYm]m{Xsf amn CXv Bhnv Ifnmw. F{X

Bhnmepw IpnIv aXnbmIn) ChnsS
]cpn\v Hcp jm \In NndIv Bmw. X
tmgnpw asmcp \ndnep jm. tImgnpp
v HmSn Hfnm taiSnbntem atm XpWn
sImp adv HcnSw Dmnbm IpnIv IqSpX
CjvSsSpw. CtXmsSmw

Sodpw Ipnbpw IpnI ]ckv]chpw

kwkmcnm\p Ahkcw \I.

3.

\mSIfnbn kw`mjWw improvise sNm\p

Ahkcw \I.
taJe 7. _unIhnImkw
HminbpsS hnImkhpambn _s
IfnI.

IY]db, ]mp]mS
tI IYI ]dbm Ahkcw \I

BibkzoIcWw IYm]pkv X I hmbnp

tI.

IYbpmndb IYm]m{X \Inbpw

AmsXbpw

bpnNnbpambn _s IfnI.

]mpI ]mS

kzbw hnebncpm\pw ]ckv ] cw hnebncpm

\p {]h\.

36

Ac-sm-cp- Hmw Znhkw

1.

Ifn-I-fn GsS icoc Ne-\--fpsS hg-w,

hnImkw

at {Kqv Xh-f-I... XhfIsf ]nSn-m hcp ]mpI.- HmSn Ifn- p Xh- f - I ... (I- f nbn Xmfw
\IWw.Xm-f
- n-\\
- p-kc
- nmbn-cn-Ww Ipn-If
- psS Ne\-.-Xmfw Ipn-Isf {]tNm-Zn-n-pw.)

2.

IY {itbmsS tI GIm-{KX

4.

3.

Nn{Xw hcv \ndw \I--`m-h-\,-kqva t]in-IfpsS hnImkw

]mpw Xh-f-bpw- (-]-c-am-h[n hep-Xmbn hc--s)

ey

Nn{Xw hc (X-dbn tNmp sImv)

4. \nm-Ww--`m-h-\,-kq--a-t]io hnImkw

Nn{Xn-\-Sn-bn ]mv, Xhf Fn-s\ Fgp-XnsmSpmw.

5. \mS-I--fn`mh\, kzbw IYm]m{Xambn amd

Fm-hcpw Hcp-anv \Sv Xd-bnse Nn{X- ImW.

{]h\-

5.

1. Ifw amdIfn

IpfwIpf-n Ipsd Xh-f-I- -X-h-fv Ftmgpw

ktm-jw.- CjvSw t]mse Blm-cw-- A-tm-gmWv Hcp
]mv Ipf- n- t ev h- - X v . - kq- { X- m- c - \ mb ]mv
XhfI-tfmSv Nmw IqSpp Xh-f-Isf Hsm-mbn
]nSnv Xnpp- - X hfIv t]Sn- - A- h IqSn- b mtemNnpp.- Hcp kq{Xw Ip]nSn-p-p-- ]mns\
Xpcpp.

Ipn-If
- psS F-n\p IW-mbn Xd-bn sNdnb Nn{X hcp-p.-Hmtcm hr-nepw Hmtcm Ipn Ibdn
\npp.-_ov \Ipp. Ipn-I ]c-kv]cw If
amdn \np-p. CSbvv If-n Ccnpp.-F-gptp-p.-Xm-f-ns thKX IqSp-p.Ipdp-p.-Xmf-n-\-\p-kcnv Ipn-I thK-nepw ]Xp-sbpw If amdpp. Bhnp- p.- I - f - s]sv
Ip]nSnv amdn \nemWv Ifn-bnse shp-hnfn.

IY ]d-b (So- ]dp sImSppp)

(IY-bp-ambn _-s N)
IY CjvS-stm?

2. knUn/Nn{Xw Xh-f-Ifpw ]mp-I-fpw (-{]-Zi-\w)

Fp sImv CjvS-sp?
N Xh-f-sb-p-dnpw ]mp-Isf Ipdnpw
Bsc-bmWv IqSpX CjvS-s-Xv? Fp sImv?
Xh-f-Isf Innt? F{X Xcw Xh-f-I?
IY-bn F{X IYm-]m-{X--fpv?
Xh-f-I Fhn-sS-bmWv Xma-knpXv?
Ah Bscm-s-bmWv?
]mp-I-sftbm?...(Ipn-Iv Cu PohnIfp-ambn _s Ah-cpsS A\p`h ]d-bm Ah-kcw \IWw.-C-h-bpsS t]cp-I hep-Xmbn t_mUn-se-gp-Xmw)
3.

(Ipn-I ]d-bp t]cp-I Sov t_mUn-se-gp-Xmw.

Fgp-Xn-bXv Npn-mn CXm-cmWv ]d--Xv? Fv
tNmZn-mw.)

Bbn-o-c
6.

Ipn-I Xh-f-Ifpw ]mp-I-fp-ambn Ifn- (Ifn-n-Sbn Ipn-Ip \tI \nt-iw.)

\mS-I-fn

cv {Kqp-I Hcp {Kqv Xh-f-I- at {Kqv ]mpI- (-t\-ct Ifn Ifn Bhnpp)- X-h-f-Ifpw
]mp-Ifpw IqpIm-- I-fnp ckn-p-p- (-X-h-fIfpw
]mp-Ifpw Fmbn-cnpw ]dnpm-IpI? tNmZyn-eqsS kw`m-jWw hnIknnmw.)

Fm-hcpw Xh-f-I.... NmSp Xh-f-I...-I-c-bp Xhf-I...-Ip-fn aew adnbp Xh-f-I...

Fm- h cpw ]mp- I ... Nop ]mp- I ... ]n
hnSp ]mp-I... Cgbp ]mp-I...-\o-p
]mp-I... Npcpp InSp ]mp-I...-hcn hcn-bmbn
Cgbp ]mp-I...(-\n-c-n-bn Itk-cI--Sn-bn-eqsS
IpnI ]mp-I-fp-ambn Cgbs)

ASp L- n ]mp- I - f psS Fw Ipd- mw.

XpSv \nt-i-.
aqp ]mp-I... _mn-sb-m-hcpw Xh-f-I... Xh-fI ]mp-Isf Xnm XpSpp. t]Sn-tmSp Xhf-I-- H-fn-p Xh-f-I...

IpnIsf cv {Kqp-I-fm-p-p.- Hcp {Kqv ]mp-I.

37

9.

(I-fn-m tai--Sn-bntem atm XpWn adv Hcp esamcp-Ww)

]mv
]mpIsftm Cg-bp-p.

aqmw L-n Hcp Ipn ]mv..-. a-p--h-scmw Xhf-I..-. Ifn Bhnpp... Cu Ifn KWnX k`hp-ambn _-sSpn Hcn IqSn Bhn-mw.
F{X Xh-f-I? F{X ]mpI? _mn-sb{X Xh-fI?

Cg-bp-tm \mw ]mSp-p.

7. Nn{Xw hc IYp tbmPn Nn{Xw.

..................

\ndw \I-- Nn{Xw {]Zin--n-p-p.- Hm-tcm-cp-cpw

kzw Nn{Xw ssInseSpv kwkm-cn--s.

Im-Isftm ]mdpp.

8.

..................

emee eme emee eme emee eme em...

Xh-f-Isftm NmSp-p.
NmSp-tm \mw ]mSp-p.

]mdp-tm \mw ]mSpp

\nm-Ww.

(A`n\bnv sImv ]mSp-p.)

\yqkvt] \of-n Npcpn Hnv ]mns\ \nnpp.- \ndw sImSppp.

38

Ac-sm-cp- cmw Znhkw

(IpnI-fpsS t]cp-I Nmn-se-gp-X-Ww.- Ip-n-I Xs
lmP hnfn--s.- s\bnwnp-I \I-Ww.- cm-hnse
hv Ah-chcpsS np-I Ipn-I Xs sXcSp
-s.)

N ]q, Fen Fn-hsb Ipdnv. Ipn-I AhcpsS A\p-`-h- ]d-bs; kabw sImSp-mw.

ey-

]qbpw Fenbpw Ifn Fm-hcpw ]q. \S-p ]q..

HmSp ]q..-Ic-bp ]q Aw aW-n-p ]q
Aw Ip ]q Aw Xnp ]q Dd-p
]q \rw sNp ]q

1.

Hmin-bpsS hnImkw.

2.

kqvat]ioNe-\--fpsS hnImkw.

3.

]mv Xmf-n ]mS.

4.

IY {itbmsS tI GIm-{KX, {i

5.

Nn{Xw hcv \ndw \I `mh\.

6.

\mS-I--fn-bn Gs-S.

4.

Bbn-o-c

Fm-hcpw Fen-I Xn ]pdv HmSn \S-p FenI Dd-p Fen-I ]p tXp Fen-I Ifnp Fen-I adn-p hogp Fen-I....
(C\n cv {Kqp-I-fm-p-p) Hcp {Kqv ]q-I at
{Kqv Fen-I Fensb ]nSn-m hcp ]q-I- HmSn Hfn-p Fen-I. Ifnv Xmfw \IWw.

{]h-\-

5.

(Ign Znh-ks IY Hmnp ]dp sImm-bncn-Ww XpS-w.)

]q-I, Fen-I (Nn{X-n\p Xmsg Fen, ]q Fns\ Fgp-Xmw. Nppw \Sv ]p-Ifpw Fen-Ifpw Xnep hy-X-ymkw ]d-bmw.)

1.

Hmnmw ]dbmw
6.

IpnIsf aqp t]c-S-p {Kqp-I-fm-p-p. mkn\p

a[y-n 5 hkvXp shpp.

7.

\mS-I-fn

cv {Kqp-I Hcp {Kqv ]q-I, cm-as {Kqv

FenI. ]q-I FenIsf ]nSnpp. Fen-I HmSn
Hfn-p-p. t]Sn Fen-I Im-tbmSv Fmbncnpw
]dnp-m-IpI? kw`m-jWw Ipn-I Cw{]-sshkv
sNp-p.- Im \mb-tbmSv ]dXv Fm-bn-cnpw?
(Ip-n-I ]d kw`m-jWw Nmn Fgp-Xmw.)

IS-emkv Iod Ifn

Ipn-Isf aqp t]c-S-p {Kqp-I-fm-p-p, Hmtcm

{Kqn\pw Hmtcm jov \yqkvt] \Ip-p. \nnX
ka-b-n-\p-n IS-emkv sNdp-Xmbn Iod-Ww. kabw
IW-mm Xmfw \Ipp. Xmfw Ah-km-\n-ptm Hmtcm {Kppw Iodn-bn IS-em-kp-I ]cn-tim-[np-p.-\-mbn Iodnb {Kqv hnP-bn-p. -{Kqv AwK-sf
]c-kv]cw amn \yqkvt] \In Ifn aqtm \mtem
XhW Bhn-mw.
3.

IY ]d-b

hon \ndsb Fen-I ktm-jw Hcp Znhkw ]qsb- p- p Idp- I - d p ]q Fen- I v k- S w

Fensb Hsm- mbn ]q ]nSn- p- p Fen- I
ImItfmSv kSw ]dbpp Im \mb-tbm-Sv \mb
]qsb HmSn-p-p...

hkvXp ImWm 10 sk v kabw A\p-h-Zn-pp. ]noSv hkvXp-sf XpWn sImv aqSp-p.- C\n
Hmtcm {Kqpw hkvXp- GsXms-bm-sWv Hmnv
]ckv]cw N sNbvXp Xocpam\-n-sen ]db-Ww.
hkvXp--fpsS Fw Iqn Ifn XpS-cmw.- Fm hkvXp-fp-sSbpw t]cp-I ]d {Kqv hnPbn-p.
2.

Nn{Xw hc (X-d-bn tNmv sImv)

cmw Lw : 4 {Kqp-I. Hmw {Kqv ]q-I... cmw

{Kqv \mb-I... aqmw {Kqv Fen-I... \memw {Kqv
Im- I ... Fen- I sf ]nSn- m- s \- p ]q- I
FenI Hnv Im-tbmSv kSw ]dbpp. Im-I
\mb-tbm-Sv.. \mb-I ]q-Isf HmSnpp.

]mv
aqmw Lw : Hcp Ipn ]q, asmcp Ipn Im, ASp
Ipn \mb _mnsbmhcpw Fen-I...- Ifn XpS-cp-p.

]q \ ]q
hrn-bp ]q

Ifnp tijw t\cs cq]-s-Sp-nb kw`m-jWw

IpnI-tfmSv Fgp-Xm ]dbmw. Graphic writing.

. ...........
(A`n-\-bnp sImv ]mSpp)

39

8.

9.

Nn{Xw hc

sImfmjv

Idp kvsIv t]\ sImv A4 t]-dn ]q-bpsS

Huvsse hcv \evIpp, cp Ipn-I-fpsS {Kqn\v
Hp hoXw. Hmtcm {Kqn\pw ]ibpw If t] sNdpXmbn apdnpw \I-Ww. ]q-bpsS Huv sse Nn{Xn If t] Hnv Ipn-I sImfmjv \nn-s. Ipn-I \nnh mkn Unkvt sN-Ww.

IS-em-kn IYv tbmPn Nn{Xw \ndw \I-Ww

Nn{X- Fm-hcpw ImW- coXn-bn {]Zin-n- W w Hmtcm Ipnpw kzw Nn{Xspdnv
]dbm Ah-kcw \I-Ww. CjvS-s Nn{X- IpnI sXcsSp- s . (Nn- { X- XoXn tNv
t]mvt^m-fn-tbm-bn-tev ammw.)

Ac-sm-cp- aqmw Znhkw

ey-

2.

1.

imco-cnI Ne\tijn-bpsS hnImkw.

2.

IY GIm-{K-X-tbmsS tI.

3.

]mv Xmf-n ]mS.

4.

Nn{Xw hcv \ndw \I.

Ibdv Ctm hrm-Ir-Xn-bn-ep Hcp tImgn-q-Sv.

IqSn\-Iv Ipn-I tImgnpp Xo sImn
Xnp tImgn-p-p- Hcp Ipn Atmgn
]cpp hcpp Fv ]d-bp-tm Fm-hcpw Atm-gn-bpsS Nnd-In-\-Snbn Hfnpp. ]cpv t]mbn.
tImgn- p- p- ]pdp hcp- p. NnI- b p
Ippfpw Atmgnbpw.

5.

\mS-I--fn-bn GsS `mh\ Cw-{]-ssh-tkj.

6.

3.

\nm- W w `mh\, kqv a t]in- I - f psS Ne\

hnImkw.

tImgn-ppw IqSpw

Nn{Xw hc

tImgn-p-p- Xdbn/Npa-cn
4.

IY ]d-b

{]h-\-
X-tm-gnbpw Ipp--fpw Ipp--tfmSv ]pd-nd--cp-sXv ]dv X-tmgn Xo tXSn-tm-Ip-p
]q hcp-p Ifn-m hnfn-p-p (kw-`m-jWw IpnI-fn \npw hcp-Ww.) Atm R-fn- ]n
hcpp (kw- ` m- j Ww Bhn- pp.) X,
Ipmnfn Fm-hcpw hnfn-pp. (IpnI kw`mjWw \Ip-p.) t\cw sshIn hnipp. Asb
ImWp-n- ]pd-n-d-n s]sv ]cpv...-

Ign Znh-ks IY, Ifn-I Fnh Hmnp

sImv XpSmw. Ipn-Iv Ghpw CjvS-s Ifn
GXm-bn-cpp Fv tNmZn-mw. Fp sImv?
Ib-dp-Ifn
7-- 8 ao \ofap Hcp Ib hnhn[ BIr-Xn-bn
hfv ]pfv Xd-bn CSpp. Ib-dn-eqsS \S-Ww. BZyw H-bvv ]noSv cv t] XpSv Fmhcpw hcn-hcnbmbn.

I-Y-bp-ambn _-v N... IY-bnse IYm-]m-{X--fpsS

t]cp-I t_mUn-se-gp-Xmw. Hmtcm-cp--cpsSbpw kw`mj-Wsagp-Xmw.

mkp apdnbneqsS Xmf-n shdpsX \Sp-p. hnkneSnptm Fm-hcpw Ibdn Ibdn \np-p. Hcp
an\pv \ni_vZ-X hopw Xmfw \S-w-- I-b-dn Ibdn
\n \ni-_vZ-X Bh-\w.

5.

\mS-I-fn

cv {Kqp-I Hcp {Kqv ]cp-v at {Kqv tImgn-pp-. tImgn-p-p-sf ]nSnm hcp ]cpvHmSn Hfn-p tImgn-p-p-. hnhn[ {Kqp-I-Hmtcm {Kqpw Hmtcm IYm-]m-{Xw.-kw-`m-j-Ww- -tIm-gnp-ns\ hnfn-p--Xv-- tIm-gn-p-ns adp-]Sn (Xmfn) ]pdn-d-p tImgn-p-p- ]cpv hcqtm HmSnHfn-pp.

Fm-hcpw Ib-dn ]nSnp \np-p \S-p-p ]Xps thK-n HmSpp Xmfn HmSp-p i_vZap-mnsmv Hcp Xoh-n-bm-bn.
Ib-dns c-hpw Iqnsp-p hnkn-eSnptm
Ib hrm-IrXnbn henp ]nSnpp Xmfw \Ipp Fm-hcpw Hnv Ib-dn-\-Iv Ib-d ]pdv
\n Bh\w.

6.

Nn{Xw hc

IYv tbmPn Nn{Xw hcv \ndw \I.

40

7.

8.

]mv

\nm-Ww

cp t]cpsS {Kqv hrm-Ir-Xnbn apdn \nd-ap

IS-em-kp-I (Hv sNdnb hrw atXv Ipdv hepXvHv Xebpw atXv tZl-hpw) Hmtcm {Kqn\pw \Ipp. CXv Hnv tImgn- p- p- sf \nanp- p.sImpw hmepw hcv tNp-p.- BsI F{X tImgn
pp-? --Fn kwJy Fgp-Xmw.

Nn-cpt
Iotbmw Iotbmw
\osbs asf
Iotbmw Iotbmw
t\cw shfp-s
Iotbmw Iotbmw
................................
Iotbmw Iotbmw

Ac-sm-cp- \memw Znhkw

aqtm \mtem t]cpsS Iv sIn mkn\v \Spv
\np-p.- So- Hcp `mKv \nv aWn Ipepn i_vZap-m-p-p.- i_vZw tI `mK-tv \Sv Sosd
sXmS-Ww.

ey-
]t-{n-b-fqsS hnImkw.
\nco--W-ti-jn-bpsS hnImkw.

56 t]cpsS IpsIn mkn\v \Spv \np-p.- a-p-h ImsI So Hcp hkvXp mkn Fhn-sSsbnepw Hfnnp- p. - a - p- - h v \nti-
\Imw. (t\sc CStm-v- a
- p-n-te-v...) \nt-i
- \p-k-cnv k-cnv hkvXp BZyw Isp B
hnPbn.(-Fm IpnIpw Ah-kcw \I-Ww)

IY {i-tbmsS tI.
Nn{Xw hcv \ndw \I.

{]h-\-
(I-gn Znhks IYbpw Ifn-Ifpw Hmn-)

2. sse A]v
1.

IpsInfn
\mev Ipn-I Hcp `mKpw (F sskUv) _mn-sb-mhcpw adp-`m-Kpw (_n sskUv) cp hcnIfn-embn apJmapJw \np- p. F sskUnse Ipn- I sf \nco-

Hcp Ipn-bpsS Iv sIp-p. -a-p--h \nc\ncbmbn

\npp. Hmtcm-cp--s
- cbmbn sXmSp-p.- sXmp t\mn
Ipnsb Xncn--dn-b-Ww.

41

n ]mv-- ap--I Xnpp-- Im-bvv k-Sw-

Ipfw Ipfnm\ndp- Irjn-m-c-- t]gvkv Ic-bn- Im t]gv k v sImn- ] - d v ]mns amf- n
sImp shpp... (IY-sb- Ip-dnv N)

nm _n sskUnse IpnI-tfmSv ]d-bp-p. (10 _ov

\I- W w- - \n- c o- n- m- \ p ka- b w) ]noSv _n
sskUnse Ipn- I Npacn\`n- a p- J - a mbn Xncnp
\np-p. (-_ov \Ipp) _n sskUnse Ipn-I
F sskUnse Ipn-Isf ImW- hn[w Xncnv
\npp.-{Iaw sXn \n F sskUnse IpnIsf
]q nXn-bn-em-pI F-XmWv _n ssk-Uns NpaX-e..

7.

\mS-I-fn
\mev L--fmbn Xncnv Ifnmw

1.

cv {Kqp-I Hcp {Kqv ac--- at {Kqv ImI-- a-c-n IqSv sIp Im-I ap-bn-Sp
Im-I.

2.

aqp {Kqp-I ac-, Im--I,- ]m-p-I Ifn

Bhn-p-p.-Im--I-fpsS ap Xnm-s\-p
]mp-I. (-kw-`m-jWw Ipn-I Cws{]m-sshkv
sNp-p.)

3.

Hcp Ipn Im _mn-sb-m-hcpw Irjn-m-c

Ipf-n Ipfn-p Irjnmc t]gvkv sImn
]d-p Im.

Fm- h cpw hnp- I an- \ - S n- b n ag s]p- p

(agbpsS i_v Z w) hnv ]Xps apf- p- p.- Ce
hncnbpp hep-Xm-Ip-p-- sNSn Db-c-n-tev hf-cp-p ]q hncnbpp- ]-g- ]nSn-p-p-- Imv hoip-p-- ]g- Xnm Im- I hcp- p (Fm- h cpw
ImI) IpcphnI hcp-p-- (F-m-hcpw Ipcp-hnI)...- Im--I ac-n IqSp shp-p (-Ip-dv t]
acw, _mn-bp--h Im-I) ac-n\p ktm-jw- a-c- \rw sNpp (Xm-fw)

4.

Hcp Ipn Irjn-m-c-- a-smcp Ipn ]mv- -]mns\ sImv t]gvkp-ambn t]mIp Irjnmc.
(-Ir-jn-m-cs tdm So sNbvXv Hcn- IqSn
Bhn-mw.)

6.

Nn{Xw hc

5.

7.

F sskUnse Ipn-IfpsS Fw hn-nv Ifn XpScmw.

3.

ac-s-p-dnpw ac-nse ]n-q-Sp-Isf Ip-dnpw

IpnI Ah-cpsS A\p-`-h- ]d-bp-p.
4.

Bbn-o-c

Ipn- I ]c- k v ] cw sXmSmsX \np- p. (C\n

\ntiw)

IYv tbmPn Nn{Xw hc-p-p,- \ndw \Ip-p.- Nn{X--fpsS {]Zi-\w. \ Nn{X sXc-s-Sp-
Fp sImv \m-bn-?- N.

Nn{Xwhc

\new/ Npa achpw ImqSpw Im-Ifpw. Hmtcm-cpcpw hc Nn{Xs-pdnv kwkm-cn--s.

6.

sImfmjv

F 4 jon apdn-s-Sp ac-ns Iv-Huv \Ip-p.\n-d-ap t] IpnI Xs sNdp-Xmbn apdnv Hnv

acw \nd-p-p, {]Zin-n-p-p, A`n-{]m-b- -]d-bpp.

IY ]d-b

henb acw ac-n IqSpshp Am-- Hcp

Znhkw apbnSpp ]fppapI-a-c-n-\-Sn-bnse amf-

42

Ac-sm-cp- Amw Znhkw

1.

\nco--W-ti-jn-bpsS hnImkw.

]qm--I- -\rw sNp ]qmI--Nncnp

]qm--I-- I-c-bp ]qm--I-- I-c-bp ]qm--I- Nn-d-sIm-Sn ]qm--I-- D-d-p ]qm--I.

2.

IY {i-tbmsS tIG-Im-{KX apgp-I.

5.

3.

Nn{Xw hcv \ndw \I.

4.

\nm-Ww--{Kqv hv--sj-bdnwKv.

Xd-bn/Npa-cn ]qfpw ]qm--Ifpw. ]qm--bpsS

]mv.

5.

kwkmcn-m-\p tijo-hn-I-k-\w.

6.

ey-

BcmWnm--Xv?

Ipn-I h-n Ccn-p-p.- Hcp Ipn ]pdp t]mIpp.- h--n-en-cn-p IpnIfn \npw Hcmsf sXcs-Spv XpWn sImv aqSp-p.- F-m-hcpw CjvS-ap
kn\n-am- ]mns 4 hcn ]mSp-p. Cu kabw ]pdp
t]mb Ipn hcp-p.- XpWn sImv aqSnb Ipn BcmsWv Ah ]d- b - W w.- ]- d - m B IpnbmWv
]pdp t]mtI--Xv.- Ifn XpS-cp-p.

(I-Y-n-Sbn kw`m-jWw IpnI-fn \npw Fenknv

sN-Ww-- AXv Nmn FgpXmw-. Graphic Reading)
7.

2.

IY ]d-b

kpcn ]qm-v k-Sw-- D-ds Ic-bp-p-- A HmSn

hp- -Imcyw Xncn-- Imnse \r ak-c-n\p
t]mWw-- A-Xn\p ame thWw-- A ]qfpw Ce-Ifpw
tImv ame-bp-m-p-p-- kp-cn ]pd-sSpp- A-]I-Sw-- c--k Nne-n-bpsS he-bn IpSpn- D-d
Ic-bp-p-- a-c-n IqSp Iqnb tX\o--I-- ]p-dp
hcp-p-- ck Nne-nsb Xpc-p-p...

{]h-\-
1.

Nn{Xwhc

ame \nmWw

FmWnm--Xv?
cp t]cpsS {Kqv-- C-e-I,- ]q- Fnh Hmtcm
{Kpn\pw \I- W w- - H mtcm
NcSpw. Nc-Sn ]qfpw CeIfpw tImv ame \nn-s. (-\m-S-I--fn-fn ]qm-Iv Cu ame [cnmw.)

mkn\p \Spv Hcp hrw

hc-p-p. hr-n hnhn[
Xcw hkvXp- \ncpp.
(6 Fw) Ipn- I sf cv
t]cpsS {Kqp- I - f m- p- p.
Xmfw \Iptm Ah
]pdw Xncnncn- p- p.- hkvXp--fn \npw Hscw
FSpp ampp.- FSpp
amn- b Xv GXp hkv X p- h msWv Hmtcm {Kqpw (-So-d
- psS
sNhn- b n
kzImcyw)
]dbWw. hkvXpfpsS
Fw hn-nv Ifn XpS-cmw.

8.

\mS-I-fn

Hcp {Kqv ]qm--I asmcp

{Kqv ]q ]q-fn \npw
tX IpSn-p ]qm-I.
Fm-hcpw Nne-n-I, tX\o-I.
Hcp Ipn kpcn ]qm-,-as
- mcp
Ipn A-- Ipsd Ipn-I tX\o--I.

3. knUn/ Nn{Xw

N Ipn-I A\p-`-h- ]d-b.

hebn IpSpnb ]qm- - c - - k Nnen

Xnms\p-p.-tX-\o--I HmSnhv Nne-nsb Xpcp-p.

4.

9.

]qfpw ]qm--Ifpw {]Zi\w.

Bbno-c

Fm-hcpw ]q Nncnp ]q-- \rw sNp

]q- - Im- n- e m- S p ]q- i- - a mb Imn
sImgnp hoW ]q-- I-c-bp ]q Fm-hcpw
]qmI--]-d-p ]qm--I-- tX IpSn-p

Nn{Xw hc

IYbvv tbmPn Nn{Xw hcv \ndw \Ip-p. Nn{Xw

{]Zin-npp- A-h-c-h hc Nn{Xs Ipdnv IpnI kwkm-cn--s.

43

Ac-sm-cp- Bdmw Znhkw

ey

Imse arK- N

1.

imco-cnI Ne-\-ti-jn-bpsS hnImkw.

4.

2.

Xmfw Xmf-n-ep Ne\w.

3.

IY hnIknn--tNm-Zy-fnepsS `mh\ DW
, kwkm-cw.

4.

\mS- I - - f nbn Gs- S - - ` mh\- C w- { ]- s shtkj.

Fm-hcpw apb-ep-I-- Sv Sv. Sv...Sv... Xmfw \Ipp.- Xm-f-n-\-\p-k-cnv apbepI NmSp-p.- C-Sv \np-p.- ssk-ekv....-S-v....-S-v...- hopw Nmw.- ap-b-ep-I
Dd-pp. Fgp-tp-p.- ]v tXp-p.- I-fn-p-p.\ Ipmbw [cn- p- p. hoSv ]qpp. Imn- t ev
t]mIpp. slm, \ hni-v...

5.

Nn{Xw hcv \ndw \I.

6.

\nm-Ww kqva t]in-I-fpsS hnImkw.

Bbn-o-c

Fm-hcpw knwlw- -knwlw Fgp-tp-p-- I-mSn

t\mp-p-- aoi an\p-pp--XmSn XS-hp-p-- Xm-f-n
\S-p-p- Upw Upw Upw..Upw Upw Upw...

{]h-\-

5.

1.

ImSv-- X-d-bn/ Npa-cn. hc Nn{Xs Ipdnv Hmtcm

Ipnbpw kwkm-cn--s.

Itkc amd Ifn

apgp-h Ipn-Is-fbpw Itk-c-bn hrm-IrXnbn Ccppp. ap-b, knwlw,- B\ Fn-s\ aqv arK-fpsS t]cp-I Hcp Ipnv Hp hoXw \Ip-p-t]cpI IS-em-kn FgpXn ]n sNbvXp sImSp-mw.
(-I-tk-c-I-fpsS Fw Hp IpdhmbncnWw) apb
Fp ]d-bp-tm apb-ep-I am{Xw Itkc amdpp.Itkc Inm Hcp Ipnbpm-Ipw. Ah-\mWv eoU.
-A-h asmcp arK-ns t]cv ]dbpp- Itkc amdpp.- am- d p- - X n- \ n- S - b n eoU Hcp Itkc Isnbncnp- p. Ifn XpScpp. arK Fp
]dbptm Fmhcpw Itkc amds.

6. IY ]d-b
In apb Imn-eqsS hniv \S-p-p-- D-d-p
knwlw-- ap-I-fn hogpp. knwlw apb-ens\ ISp
]nSn-p-- Xn-m-s\m-cp-p-p- (-kw-`m-jW
- w-- knwlw Fv
]d-ncnpw? BB-bn Fgp-Xmw)-- ap-b-en\v kq{Xw
tXmp-p-- Zqsc InW-- A-Xn asmcp cmPm-hv-- knwl-tbpw Iqn InW-dn-\-Sp-t-v... IY XpS-cmw.
IY-bp-ambn _-sv N
7.

2.

Nn{Xw hc

\nmWw

am\-knI hn{imn
apbshn- -I-S-emkv \Ip-p.- a-Sn apb-ens sNhn
t]mse Iodn-sb-Spp-p- -sNhnv \ndw \Ipp. -X-ebn sNhn ]nSn-nv IpnI apb-epIfms.

Fm-hcpw InS-p-p-- kz-ambn izmtkm-Ozmkw

sNp-p-- Hv apX Av hsc Fp-tm IpnI ]Xps I-S-p-p.

8. \mS-I-fn
\n-fpsS sNhn Xpdp ]nSn-q.- F-smw i_vZ-
tIp-p? ASpp \np i_vZw GsXms? Zqsc
\np i_vZw? Nppap i_vZ- sNhnbn-tev
]Xps \nd-p-I. C\n Ipd-p kabw Cu kwKoXw
{in-q. (instrumental music tIn-mw.)

Ipn-Isf {Kqp-I-fm-mw.
Fs\ Ifnmw Fv N sNm-w. (IYm-]m-{X-sf
\n-bn-p--Xnepw apw So CS-s]-tS--Xmbn hcpw.)
Hcp {Kqv Ifn-p-p. at {Kqv Incns. -I-fnp
tijw {Kqnt\mSv A`n-{]mbw tNmZnmw.

Av apX Xmtgmv Hv hsc kmh-Imiw Fp-I.- ]Xps Iv Xpdm ]d-bpI.

Itkc hrm-Ir-Xn-bn shtm atm InW Xm-dm-Ww.

tI i_vZsf Ipdnv Ipn-I-fp-ambn Nv sNmw.- tItm Fv tXmn?

9.
3.

Nn{Xw hc

knUn/ Nn{Xw {]Zi\w

IYv tbmPn Nn{Xw hcv \ndw \I.

44

Ac-sm-cp- Ggmw Znhkw

ey- :

\apv t\mmw . ASp t]Pv adnpp.

Ifn-I-fn Gs-Sp-Xn\v.

IYm-]p-kvXIw hmbnp tIp--Xn\v

Cu coXn-bn thWw ]pkvXIw Ah-X-cn-n-m Hmtcm

t]Pp Ign-bp-tmgpw ASp t]Pn Fm-bn-cnpw
F BImw P\n--np sImv.
CtX ]pkvXIw thsdmcp coXnbnepw AhXcnnmw

arK--fpsS km-cw \nco-n-p--Xn\v

Nn{Xw hc-p--Xn\v

"Imnse i_vZw' ]pkvXI

-
- nse ISp-hb
- psS hm am{Xw
ImWn-p-p.

_nKv kv{Io\n ImSns amXrI \nnp--Xn\v

CsX-mWv ?

{]h-\-

Bcp-tS-Xv? (]m-fn-I Duln-s)

1. Fstmse

\mS-Io-b-ambn ISp-h-bpsS apgp-h Nn{Xhpw ImWn-pp. (Hpw ]d-bp-n-)

Fm Ipn-Ifpw ]c-kv]cw sXmSm ]m AI-e-n

\np-p. So Fm-hpw apnembn \np-p.
So ImWn-p BwKy Ipn-I AXp-t]mse
A\p-I-cn--Ww ssI, Im, ico-cw, apJw, \S-w,
Ccpw ctm aqtm Znhkw Cu Ifn \In-bXn\p tijw So-dpsS m\v Ipn-I hp sNs. CjvS-ap--h sNbvXm aXn. Bscbpw \n_-n-cp-Xv.

ISp-h-bpsS IqsS Bcp-v? Ah Fhn-sS-bm-Wp-f-f-Xv?

Ah Fp-sN-p-Ib
- m-Wv? (C-c]
- n-Sn-m/ImSp-Im-Wm)
Imn thsd Bscm-s-bp-mImw? (B-\, apb,
am.......................)
Ah (Hm-tcm-cp--cpw) Fm-bn-cnpw sNpp--IpI? (Du-lw)

2. Imn Hcp i_vZw (NBT) ]pkvX-I-hm-b\

Sop apn-embn Ipn-I Ccn-p-p.

AXp-X-s-bmtWm \S--Xv? t\mmw?

So ]pkvXIw Dbn-n-Sn-p-p.
Cu ]pkvXIw Fn-s\-p-dn-m-bn-cnpw? ]d-bmtam?

BZyw Nn{Xw ImWnv CXp-t]mse Dul- Dm-s. AXn-t\mSv In-tNv ASp Nn{Xw.................-H-Sphn ISp-h-bpsS Nn{X-n Xs Fp-p.

]pkvX-I-ns Ihn{Xw t\mn Ipn-I {]Xn-I-cnp-p.

C\n ISph Fp-sNpw? (tNm-Z-y-ap-b--epw {]Xn-I-cW-hpw)

(am-\p-I-sfbpw apb-ep-I-sfbpw Ipdn-v) Ah Fhn-sS-bmbn-cnpw Xma-kn-p-Xv?

3. Bbn-o-c
]pkvXIn Ah ]cn-N-b-s Hmtcm arK-ambn IpnI amd-s. Ah-cpsS \S-w, i_vZw, Nmw.......... XpSnbh A\p-I-cnmw Xmfw \In sImv Ifn-bpsS
tempo hn-n--Ww.

(Im-n) Imn thsd Btcm-s-bp-mpw? ..........

Fn \apv t\mmw..... ASp t]Pv adn-pp.
BcmWv Imn?

4. CD {]Zi\w :
F{X B\-I-fpv?
Imnse arK--fpsS kn.-Un.-I e`y-am-Wv. Ah {]Zinn-mw.

Ah Fm-bn-cnpw sNpXv?
sh-n F{X t]cv? Ah-scp sNpp?

arK--fpsS kmcw, Blm-cw, Fn-hsbpdnv N

sNmw.

Ic-bntem? Fm B\-Ipw Htc hep--amtWm?

Imn B\-I am{Xta DmIq?
thsd Bscms DmIpw?

45

hcn-I-fn-embn Nmn-se-gp-Xmw. sXmp hmbn-mw. (graphic

reading)

5. Nn{Xwhc:
Xd-bn tNmp-sImv Fmhcpw tNv henb ImSv,
.... arK-.

7. \nmWw :
Hmtcm Ipnpw Hmtcm ac-ns cutout \Ip-p. A4
sheet apdnv, Cu Iu-n\v Ipn-I CjvS-ap \nd \I-s. Cu ac- _nKv kv{Io\n Aht#m
Xs {Iao-I-cn--s. ImSn\v Hcp t]cpw \Imw.

6. IY hnI-kn-nmw:
t\cs hmbn ]pkv X - I - nse Ah- k m- \ s
t]Pnse Nn{Xw hopw ImWn-mw.
ISp-h-I Ae-dn-smv Ftm-m-bn-cnpw t]mIp-Xv?
Fn-\m-bn-cnpw? Ipn-I-tfmSv tNmZn-p-sImv IY hnIkn-nq. Ah-cpsS {]Xn-I-c-W-n \npw ASp
tNmZyw tNmZn--Ww.

8. \mS-I-fn :
t\cs cq]o-I-cn IYsbp-dnv N sNmw.
cv {KqpIfmbn Xncnv Hcp {Kqv ImSv. at {Kqv
Imnse arK-.

hnI-kn-n IY eLp hmIy--fn, \mtem Atm

46

A\p_w 1
"hmb\msmnen'tep ]pkvXI

Pq
B Pohn-bpsS t]scm? - - \nc-RvP tLmK
Zo]m-hen chn]cwPvs]
Unn ]tU--dpsS _eq

amU-ns _kvbm{X hn--

Fs BZys _kv bm{X arWm an{X
Fs BZys Xoh-n-bm{X apWm an{X
HIvtSm-_
hmep-I- sslt{Zmkv
B\bpw ]nbpw _Z-cn-\m-cm-b
hmh-cp-nb hm-th-en. Fw.kn {Km{_n-tb
arK-im-e-bn-tev kuXv kqXn
B\bpw hpw Iqp-Im-cmb IY
Fen-p-p-fpw ]qbpw _n. Cnc
Npsen dmWn Kpem-t_mbpw Ah-cpsS _eq-Wp-Ifpw
IzbvZvknb sUbvZn
Ipdn-n-bpsS tamlw _o\ tPmv
Hmtcmtcm khn-ti-j-X-I KoXn-I-sP-bn

bqWnv agtbm ag
sh-s-n Hcp IY chn ]XRvPs]
ag-hnv Dj tPmjn
ag-h-cm Imv amamn kp{_--Wy
kqcy-tZ-h-X-am kz]v\m-Z
CXv Fs IY hnn Bcy
ag-p-n-bpsS hoc-Ir-Xy- tPv kmwk.
ag-bp Hcp Znhkw sa_n _K
Pqsse
bqWnv Ip-\p-dppw Iqp-Imcpw
Ddp-p-I sahn _K
Hfn-tmw cmPo-hv.-F.sP
Xnn F ]qm ctajv _n
thephpw amephpw tPmPv Cn
Ccpfpw shfn-hpw F.-hn-P-b
Xnc-p Ddp-p-I ]peIv _niymkv
amcn-appw aWn-appw kPn\n ]hn-{X

\hw-_
Fs tIcfw Ipn-m-p-I
tIcfw IY-I
A`n-\-b-Km\w knn-]-n-pdw
Bcmcv sNmpw IS-Y hn.-sF. i-c-\m-cm-b-W
Cu ]q Iem-i-in-Ip-am
(Atm! R-fpsS hoSv)
hoSp-I
Ipgn-bm\ ap-e-]pcw tamlZmkv
IqSp-I hoSp-I
tX\o--qSv
Nn{X-nse A-hr-- _-Z-cn-\m-cm-b-W
Nnen sahn _K

bqWnv ssX]-p-h-m
\K-c-nse N ki\w aRvPp-f-]--\m-`
tamd apIv cmPv B\v
Imn Hcp i_vZw PK-Zojv tPmjn
Am sa hn _K.
Ipv ap-qkv jnm tem.
B\bpw ]nbpw _Z-cn-\m-cm-b

Unkw-_
Ap-hns kvq
ap-hns ]kcw
app-hns kz]v\- amam-n-_m-e-kp-{_aWyw
Dn-p-\pw IY-I-fnbpw
NmmSpn NmmSv knn-]-n-pdw
Dumtem Nn-b \mS ]mp-I
XIn-ep-sIm-m-pdw
A-p-n-bpsS kvt\lw sI.-F.-_o\
]mSn--Xn \mS ]mp-I ]pjv]mw-K-Z

HmKv
bqWnv ]pn-bp-Spv
Rm \nsm anSp- kn{Kq {iohm-kvXh
Btcm-Ky-]m-T- Dj. Fkv. \mb
apX-esb t]Sn ]n sSbn-e _m
\nd--fpsS Dhw a[p-]mhvse
tLmj-bm{X ann ]e
tX\o sahn_K
Zo]m-hen

P\p-hcn
B\-tI-dm-ae
Xnn F ]qm ctajv _n
kqcy saj _K
ltem An-fn-am-a AIntIm lbmjn

sk]vXw-_
bqWnv Wnw. Wnw. Wnw.
app-hns kz]v\- Imam-n-_m-e-kp-{_-aWyw
FmWv icn, FmWp sXv kn{Kq {iohm-kvXh

47

Asb ImWm B_n-Z-bq-k^v

kqcy\pw An-fnbpw hj Zmkv

amv
Adn-nt
X SmtKm
th\ ac--fpsS acw cm[ JwWvtU-
ag-h-cm Imv Imamn _me-kp-{_-aWyw
\psS acw {]W-_vN-{I-hn
ap\n-bm-I-s-nb kzWw PK-Zojv tPmjn
{`mamhv F.-F. H]-Uvt\-
kqcy-tZ-h-X-am kz]v\-Z
Hcn- Hcp {Kma-n Fv. kn. aZ
Hcp ac-ns IY

s^{_p-hcn
IY hc--psS Ifn-h-c--psS
amWn-Iy-sN--gp \mS ]mp-I
Ifn-am-aFw.Fkv Ipam
apn-b--Xp-p-tm bqdn Hmtehv
`mc-X-nse Nne- \m-S Ifn-I apIvcmPv B\v

48

A\p_w 2
"Rm\pw Fs IpnIfpw Hw Fs hnZymebhpw anIhntev'
{]h-\-I-e- Hmw mkv

amkw
sabv 2011

Pq 2011

kwhn[m\
Fkv.-B.Pn
&
A[ym-]-I

kvq {]h\ Ie- cq]o-I-cWw

kvq A-co-w, kma-{Kn-I Fnh Hcp- (`uXnI kml-N-cy-, ]T-\-km-a-{Kn-I-)
mkv sse{_dn km[-\-fpw ehpw hmb\m kma{Kn-Ifpw Is-, KWn-X-km-a-{Kn-I Hcp-
{]thit\mw Bkq-{XWw
hnhn[ hnj-b--fnse {]Xo-nX ]T\ t\- ]cntim-[nv Xn-s-Sp-.

]n.-Sn.-F.
(Ex. Committee)

(ap-I-fn kqNn-nh) D]-tbm-Knv kvq ka{K hnZym`ymk hnIm-k-\- ]-Xn cq]n-I-cn-

mkv ]n.-Sn.F

Fkv.-B.Pn
&
A[ym-]-I

Pqsse

{]h\

mkv ]n.-Sn.F

Hmw mknse {]Xo-nX ]T-\-t\-- {]Jym-]n " Ac-sm-cp-' ey- ]cn-N-b-s-S

(]m-tPv ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-n)
{]th-i-t\m-hw
mkv sse{_dn Hcp-, "A-hm-b\'
"Acsmcp' {]h-\- ]cn-N-b-s-S, Bkq{X-Ww, kma-{Kn-I Hcp-; "Ac-sm-cp-' t\ hne-bn-cp-
mkv ]n Sn F tbmKw Bkq-{XWw
{]th-i-t\m-hw hne-bn-cp-epw cn-Xm-p
t{_mj \namWw
mkv sse{_dnbnte-p hmb\m kma{Kn \namWw
1 Zn\m-N-c-W--fpsS Bkq-{XWw
hmb-\-sm-n XpS-
t]mv t^mfntbm Bcw`w
Ipn-Ip hmb-\m-km-a{Kn \namWw
Zn\m-Nm-c-W--fp-ambn _-s-Spn ]T-\m-\p-`-h-
Bkq-{XWw
cn-Xm-p ]cn-io-e\w A-hm-b-\, hmb-\mkm-a-{Kn-I \nan-, hyn-K-X-]-T\ ]Xn cq]o-Icn-epw \S-m-e
- pw, Ipn-If
- psS t]mv t^mfntbm hnebn-cp-, {]Xo-nX ]T-\-t\w
(A-Spamk-t-p-) {]Xo-nX ]T\ t\-
]p-sh-

49

mkv sse{_dn; KWnX ]cn-k-c-]-T\ ]pkvX-I-

\nan-, Im-temKv \namWw
"hon Hcp hmb-\-ime' XpS
"Ipn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-' ]cn-N-b-s-S-epw, hoS-cow Hcp-epw

Fkv.-B.Pn
&
A[ym-]-I

BKkvXv

mkv ]n.-Sn.F

Fkv.-B.Pn
&
A[ym-]-I

Ignam-ks {]h-\- hne-bn-cp-.

cn-Xm-p ]cn-io-e\ tamUyq \namWw
hyn-K-X-]-T-\-]-Xn cq]o-I-cWw Fv, Fs\?
A[ym-]I ]cn-io-e\w kvq Xe-n
{]Xo-nX ]T-\-t\--, t]mv t^mfntbm Ch-bpsS
ASn-m-\
- n Hmtcm Ipn-bp-sSbpw ]ptcm-KXn Is.
IpnIp hmb\mkma{Kn \namWw
Zn\mNcWfpambn _sSpn ]T\m\p`h
fpsS Bkq{XWw.
"A-hm-b\' , "hmb-\m-sXm-n' hne-bn-cp-
aqp-am-ks ]T-\-t\-- hne-bn-cpn hyn-KX
]T-\-]--Xn-bn am- hcp-
Ipn-I-fpsS ]T\ {]I-S-\-, ]T\ Dev]-- Fnh-bpsS {]Zi\w
mkvXe HmWm-tLmjw Bkq-{XWw
Zn\mNm-c-W--fp-ambn _-s-Spn (kzm-X-{y-Zn-\w,
HmWw...) kvq mkv Xe-]-T-\m-\p-`-h-, kma{Kn-I Fnh Bkq-{X-Whpw \nh-l-Whpw hne-bncp--epw.
hyn-KX ]T-\-]-Xn hne-bn-cp-
IpnI-fpsS ]T\ t\ {]Zi\w
aqp-am-ks ]T-\-t\--fpw kvq {]h-\fpw hnebncp-
mkv sse{_dn hmb-\m-km-a{Kn \namWw
Ipn-I-fpsS cN-\-I, Nn{X- {]kn-o-I-cWw
hmb-\bpw Fgppw Hmw mkn A[ym-]-I-ss\]p-Wn-I sa-s-Sp-.
^oUv {Snv, mkvXe t{]mP-IvSp-I, sNSn \S,
Nn{X-c-N-\, Fn-h-bpsS Bkq-{X-Ww.
KWn-Xm--co-hpw kma-{Kn-Ifpw ]qn-bm-
Hcp amks {]h-\- hne-bn-cp-
"Ac- s m- c p- ' ss{S Huv hne- b n- c pn Hmtcm
Ipnbvpw A\p-tbm-Py-amb hynKX ]T-\-]-Xn
cq]o-I-cWw (c-n-Xm--fpsS klm-b-tm-sS)
KWn-X-nv \namWw

50

sk]vXw_

HIvtSm_

\h

51

Unkw_

P\phcn

^n{_hcn

amv

52

A\p_w 3
bq\nv m
A[ym]nI saKmt^m sNbvXv bYm en]nbn
FgpXpp.
IpnI hmbnpp. (ISemkn tcJsSpnbXv
tiJcnv t]mv t^mfntbmhntev ampp
IpS Fp ]dp sImv NmnsegpXpp.
Aphn\v A FmWv hmnbXv ?
(IpnI IpS Fp am{Xw ]dmepw
Aphn\v IpShmn Fv ]dpsImv
A[ym]nI Nmn
tcJsSpWw.
FgpXnbXv hmbnm Ahkcw.
IpS F ]Zw Ismtam ?
Fs\bp IpSbmWv ? BZys tNmZyns
{]{Inb t]mse Xs Nmn tcJsSppp.
]pXnbIpS... ]pn-pS hmbnm\hkcw \Ipp.
So Nne tNmZyfneqsS hcnI hmbnm
t{]cnnpp. sSIvnse hmIy apIqn
npIfn
FgpXnbXv. 3/4 t]cp {Kqn \Ipp.
IpnI hmbnpp. Nmpambn s]mcpsSpn
hmbnpp.
Aphns ]pnpS Fs\bpXmbncnpw?
(IpSsbpdnv IpnIfpsS {]XnIcWw)

1. agtbm ag
{]iv\ taJe

D]{]iv\w

Bib

imkv{Xobamb ePe
amt\Pvsans A`mhw
agbpsS {]m[m\yspdnv
th{X [mcWbn.

agv sXmv apv BImiv am

DmIpp.

]e Pet{kmXpIfpv. agmev
Pemib \ndbpp.

agmev Ifnmhp IfnIfpv

ag ckIcamb A\p`hamWv

agshw an Xmgppv.

agmev Npp]mSpw amfpmIpp.

ag [mcmfambn s]p Imeapv

an ]eXcw kky hfcpp. ag

Inptm sNSnI \mbn hfcpp.

Icbnsetmse Penepw PohPmefpv

10

agmev am{Xw ImWp PohnIfpv.

BJym\w
lmbv ]pnpS......... ]onbpapv
IpS hcmw... \ndw sImSpmw...
{]{Inb Fv._n. t]Pv 59

samUyq 1 ]cnkc]T\w
Bibw
: agbvv sXmpapv BImiv
am DmIpp.
kma{KnI
: IpSbpsS skn, agv appw
sXmpapap Zriyfp _nKv
Iymhmkv, Unkvs- t_mUv,
hv jop-I, km v t{S.

Hmw mknse tiJc ]pkvXIw Fs\ ?

Hm-as samU-yq-fns `mK-ambn tiJc ]pkvXI-n Fsms?
IpS-bpsS Nn{Xw tiJ-cn-s-Sp-
IpS- b psS skn hf- c p hmI- y - - f psS
km[yX ]noSv {]tbm-P-\-s-Spmw
DZm : IpS, ]pn-pS

{]h\w

IpS hc-p-Xpw Fgp-Xp-Xpw mkvap-dn-bn

\np sNmw. \ndw sImSp-p-Xv Assksa v
Bbn \Im-atm.

BJym\w
A hp. Aq \n\nXm Hcp km\w........
Ah thKn AXv Xpdp. Dnep km[\w
hensSpp. (B-Jym-\m-h-X-c-W-n- Duln-m\p Ah-kcw \I-Ww) (HB BJym-\w)
s]mXnbn Fmbncnpw ?
(IpnbpsS {]XnIcWw)IpS
Fmhcpw FgpXpp.hmbnpp.

BJym\w
Am, agsbm hcnI?........... Hcp amhpan.
apndnbtm
Ap
I
BImiw
Fs\bmsWdntbt?

53

th\mens Nn{Xw {]Zinnpp. (Fv._n.

t]Pv 61 se BZyNn{Xw)
Nn{Xnsesms? N
Ap Fn\mWv BImiw t\mnbXv? {]XnIcWw.
So ]dpsImv "ag hcptam? Ap BImiw
t\mn ' Fv NmnsegpXpp.
Fntm? ag htm?
{]XnIcWw Ddmpp. "ag hn' ]dpsIms
gpXpp.
hmb\hkcw ag ]Zw IpnI Ispp.
t]Pv 5 IpnI hynKXambn hmbnpp. {Km^nIv
doUnwKv
SodpsS hmb\ (Bib hyXtbmsS kv]jvSambn
hmbnm {inWw.
Sodpw IpnIfpw tNv hmbnpp.

samUyq 2 : `mj
Bibw

agmev Pemib \ndbpp.

XmfmIambn hcnI Iqntv
IhnX ]qnbmmw.

{]h\w
BJym\w
(_nKv Iymhmkn Ap, A, ImtaLw)
ImtaLsfn. ImSnp. CSnbpw anepw hp.
]s ag s]bvXn. C\n Rm Imncnn. Cu
ag Fs ]nIym.
.................. hnhcw hnfnp]dp. (BJym\w Fv._n.
t]Pv 62)
Fmbncnpw AtbmSv Ap hnfnp]dXv?
IpnI ]dbpp
IpnI ]dbpXns {Km^v AhXs FgpXpp,
hmbnpp.
So Hmtcmcpcpw hmbnXv icnbmb en]nbn
saKt^m sNbvXv FgpXpp.
IpnI hmbnpp.
kzambn {Km^v FgpXm Ipnpw Ah
]dbpXns {Km^v A[ym]nI saKmt^m sNbvXv
FgpXn \IWw.
Hmtcmcpcpw FgpXnbXv Nmn \npw
Ispp.
\n ]dXpt]mse XsbmtWm Ap
AtbmSv ]dXv?
Sn._nbnse cphcnI ]dpsImv FgpXpp.
IpnIfpsS hynKX hmb\.
SndpsS klmbtmsS hmb\.
Sosmw hmbn.

BJym\w
Cv GXmbmepw ag s]n. IpS hmnbnv Hcp Znhkw
Ignp. ag hn. Aphn\v hnjaambn. Fs atg
Hp thKw hm. Ah am\tv t\mn hnfnp
]dp.
ag s]m Ap B{KlnXv Fn\mbncnpw?
(kzX{ hmNnI {]XnIcWw)
Cv agmdpv Nnetm ag s]bvtXpw. apn
]dbpXv tIv Ap aptndn.
tM, AXnibw Xs. BImiw t\mnb Ap
ApXsp.
FpsImmbncnpw
Ap
AXnibnXv?
Fv._n. t]Pv 61 se Nn{Xw {]Zinnpp.
Nn{Xnsesms? hv jov \Ipp.
Isn ]dbm Ahkcw.
Nn{Xw 1, 2 XmcXayw sNbvXv am Isn
]dbpp. A[ym]nI _n._nbn Nn{XoIcnpp.
(agbnmtm/agv sXmpapv)
agbnmtm

: ]e Pet{kmXpIfpv.

agv sXmpapv

BJym\w
Ap ]pnpSbpambn ]pdp NmSn ..........................
sNfnbneqsS HmSn. (XpSv hcp {]h\
Hgnhmn Fv._n. t]Pv 64 se BJym\w
AhXcnnWw)
ag hopw s]m XpSn.... Xhfm hnhcw
hnfnp]dp.
Fmbncnpw Xhfmcv hnfnp]dXv?
Fv._n. t]Pv 64 se {]{Inb {inpatm.
IpnIfpsS {]XnIcWw So saKmt^m sNbvXv
NmnsegpXWw.
]pgbn am{XamtWm agshw \ndXv?
IpnIfpsS {]XnIcW _n._nbntev.
InW, Ipfw, Nmev, tXmSv ......... hcnI Iqntv
]mSmtam?

Cu hv jon IpnI cq]sSpp

IpsgppI BImw.
(kzbw hnebncp, ]ckv]chnebncp)

54

ag hp aghp
apw \ndsb agshw
ag hp ag hp
]pg \ndsb agshw
ag hp ag hp
InW \ndsb agshw
.................................................
.................................................

......................................................
.......................................................
agmpI tiJcW ]pkvXIntev
samUyq 3 `mj
Bibw
: agmev Ifnmhp IfnIfpv.
Bibw {IasSpn eLphmIy
fn hnhcWw Xmdmmw.

IpnI ]dbp hcnI NmnsegpXpp. (_nKv

_pntev)
hmbnm\hkcw \Ipp. CuWw \In
AhXcnnpp. tImdntbm{Km^n sNpp.
(hniZmwiw Fv._n. t]Pv 66, 67,68
Nn{Xw hcmw)
Aphns hoSv hoSn\papIfn ags]pp. apv
agshw
\ndw \In Xmsg t]scgpX
t\mp]pkvXIn agbpsS Nn{Xw hcsSpv ag
Fv FgpX.

{]h\w
BJym\w
ag tXmp................kqnp t\mn
Ipnnfn appI ImgvN Fmbncnpw?
IpnIfpsS {]XnIcWw
{]XnIcW IpnI Xs FgpXpp.
BJym\w
agtXmp kqnpt\mn
Ipnnfn app I Imgv N Fmbncnpw?
IpnIfpsS {]XnIcWw
{]XnIcW IpnI Xs FgpXpp/hcpp,
hmbnpp.
icnbmb en]nbn So amnsbgpXpp. Ipn
hmbnpp.
Ipnnfn I ImgvN CXpXsbmbncptm?
TB t]Pv 8 se Nn{Xhmb\
"ag tXmp ag tXmp
apw \ndsb Ifnhw' So ]dpsImv Nmn
FgpXpp. IpnI hmbnpp.
(HB- t]Pv 64, 65 t\mpI)
- TB bnse hcnI hynKXambn hmbnpp.
Nmnse enJnX cq]hpambn s]mcpsSppp

BJym\w
Aphn\v IpSbnsn Ah Fs\bmbncnpw
kvIqfn t]mbnpmhpI?
kzX{ {]XnIcWw (agtmv, sXmn ......)
So 2 Nn{X {]Zinnpp. (Nmn)
Ap FpsNbvXnpmhpw? IpnIv
{]hNnm Ahkcw.
{]hN\ km[yX ]cntim[n.
hmb\mkma{KnbpsS AhXcWw.
Nn{Xw
Nn{Xw
Nn{Xw

1 Ap _mKpambn kvIqfntev
t]mIpp.
2 ag \\bp Ap.
3 hmgbpsS Iosg \np Ap

Bhnp ]Z Is, hcbnS

Ifnhw DmpXv IqSmsX agmev Ifnm
hp assms IfnIfpv? N

Nn{X A\p_ambn tNnpv.

{Km^nIv ssdnwKv

shw sXdpnpIfn

So thj
Ap kvIqfntev \Sp.
ag hp
hmgbneSnbn \np

IpSXncnv shw sXdpn

Fv._n. t]Pv 64 se ]mv IpnIfpw Sodpw tNv

]mSpp
"\ndsb' tNv hcp hmpI ]dbmw.
apw \ndsb agshw
]pg \ndsb ao
Ioi \ndsb anTmbn
kn \ndsb ]pkvXIw

IpSbnIbdmw Ifn IfnpsXs\bmsWdn

bmtam?

\onfn
IpSbn Ibdmw Ifn

GXm\pw IpnI IpS \nhnnSnv \npp.

aph hrmIrXnbn HmSpp.
IpS \nhnnSnh ]mSpp.

55

Ipnnfnv Innb]mn 4
tXmWnIfmWpXv B ]mv Ismtam?
1, 2, 3, 4, Fns\ tXmWnI t]v sNbvX
hyXykvX Ih {]Zinnpp
Ipnnfnv Innb Ih IpnI
Isndbpp.

ag hcpt ag hcpt
IpSthtWm Iqtc
ag hcpt ag hcpt
IpSbn Ibdmw Iqtc
Npnepw HmSph F{Xt] F{Xt] Fv Dds
tNmZnpp.
So Fw ]dbpp. A{Xbpw t] IpSbn Ibd Ww.
Fw icntbmsbv ]cntim[n

Nn{Xw hcv \mev Fv ]dpsImv FgpXpp.

(hv jov Bn \Imw)

samUyq.4KWnXw
Bibw
: ag ckIcamb A\p`hamWv

IpnI t\mp ]pkvXIn hcpp. FgpXpp.

cwK {Kqn tXmWnI ]mv sNbvX Hcp Ih
\Ipp.

hkvXp FnsbSpphm\pw
kwJy D]tbmKnv tcJsSpp
hm\pw km[npw

{Kqn\v \Ip Ihdn 1 apX 5 hsc hyXykvX

Fw tXmWnI

_nKv Iymhm-kn Aphpw hop-ap-hpw

{Kqn \mev tXmWnI e`nhcmscms ?

{]h\w
BJym\w
apw \ndsb Ifn-h-- Ap-hn\v ktm-j-ambn
Htm ctm Ifnh Innbncpsn.....
tXmWnbpmm ]TnnpsImSpp.

Isndbpp.
aphv e`nsX{X ? Ispp.
e`n tXmWnIfpsS Nn{Xw hcv ]pkvXIn kwJy
tcJsSppp.

tXmWn \nnmw
IpnIv kaNXpcmIrXnbnep ISemkv \Ipp
-ISemkv aSn IpnI tXmWn \nanpp

tXmWn Hnmw
Nmn tXmWnI Hnpshbvmw . IpnI {Kqn
\nn tXmWnI Nmn Hnv kwJy FgpXpp.
{]Zinnpp. (hn-hn[ ]mt-Wn Hn-mw)

1 Hv

(1)

(2)

2 cv
3 aqv

4 \mev
(3)

(4)
skn D]tbmKnv IpnI t\mv ]pkvXIn
[mcmfw tXmWnI hcpp.
1 apX 5 hsc \ FgpXnb ImUv taipdv
Iangv n shbv pp IpnInjv S ap ImUv
FSpmw. ImUnse A{Xbpw Fw tXmWnIv
\ndw \Imw.

tXmWnbn AhchcpsS t]scgpXpp

\nn tXmWnIv \ndw \I

BJym\w
Ah Ipnnfnv Ipdv tXmWn \nnp
sImSpp. Ah Hcp ]mnemn. Ipnnfn AXp
ambn Iqntev ]dp.

\ ]dp Ifnmw
IpnI cwK {Kqn Ccnpp. a[yn 15 hsc
FgpXnb \ImUpI Iangv nshbv pp.
cpt]cpsSbpw ]pkvXIn tXmWnbpsS s

56

kn Nn{X hcbvpp. Hcm \ ]dbpp.

atbm A{Xbpw Fn\v hw hcWw. icnbm
tWm Fv ]cntim[npp. C\n asbmfpsS Dugw.
\]dbpp. hw hcpp/Inbnempp, \ndw
\Ipp. Ifn XpScpp.
{Kqn IqSpw tXmWnIfpw \Ipp. So ]dbp
\ tXmWnI {Kqnse Hcm Ihdnempp.
{Kqnse cma hnebncppp.
Hgpm ]p tXmWnI Bsms DmImw.?
(hyXykv X hepap ISemkpI \Ipp.)
A[ym]nIbpsS klmbm tXmWn \nnpp.
henb tXmWnI F{X ?
sNdnb tXmWnI F{X?
Isndbpp.
tXmWn shnsemgp.
km v t{S-bn XocwtXmWn Ifn (I-c-bn-se{X ? shn-se{X?)
Nn{X hmb\ ( Sn_n t]Pv 8, 9 ) acsf{X? BSpIsf{X?
InfnIsf{X?

atf atf Ah Iqntev............ hnhcw

tNmZnp.
(Fv _n t]Pv 70)
samUyq 6 `mj
Bibw : ag [mcmfambn s]p Imeapv.
Bibw {IasSpn eLphmIy
fn hnhcWw Xmdmmw.
BJym\w
Fm anfn \o hmsX hndbvpptm?
Ftm Iv `bXpt]meptm? Fv ]n?
Ipnnfn anfnbpsS ASptv
\onbncpp... t]Snp \nehnfnpt]mbn.
anfn \nehnfnXv Fn\mbncnpw?
IpnIfpsS {]XnIcWw.
{]XnIcWw IpnI Xs FgpXpp/hcbvpp.
hmbnpp.
bYm en]nbn So FgpXpp. Ipn
hmbnpp.
CXp XsbmtWm kw`hnXv?
acw Nmbpp.
anfn t]Snp.
Sn _n `mKw Nmn ]dp sImv FgpXpp.
hynKX hmb\.
Nn{Xhmb\
Sodpw IpnIfpw tNv hmb\
Fm-bn-cnpw a-nfn hnfnp ]d-Xv?
(hvjov \Imw)

samUyq 5 ]cnkc]T\w
Bibw

agshw an Xmgppv.
agmev Npp]mSpw am
DmIpp.

{]h\w
BJym\w
Anacnse IqnencnpIbmbncp X
Fpw shw Xs tM, ag \ntm. X Xmtg
v t\mn.
shsamw FhnsStmbn?
anse shsampw ImWpntm.
Fmbncnpw shn\v kw`hnXv?
( Fv _n t]Pv 63 se {]h\w t\mpI)
Fm IpnIpw ]mfnw thWw.
So ^oUv_mv \IWw.
eLphmIyfn ]coWpdnv
AhXcnnWw.

BJym\w
]meacw iamb Imn sNcnp Xmsg
]pgbntev hoWp ]meacw ]pgbneqsS HgpIntmbn.
`mKyw sImmWv Rm csXv.
sm, \in ag F{X \mfmbn s]m XpSnbnv.
]mdpdv Ibdnbncpv Xhfmcv Rnt\mSv
]cn`hw ]dp
Rv : ag \nm C\nbpw Ipsd Znhk
thWw
Xhf : Fm Znh-khpw ag s]t-m-bn-cp-p.
Rv : AsXs\bm agmev am{Xat
[mcmfw ag s]q.
Xhf : ag tXmnpw ]pgbn shw
Ipdbpntm?
Zm t\mv AsXmWv HgpIn hcpXv ?
]qhaebnse........... sNhntbmp.
(Fv _n t]Pv 73 ,74, 75 ) {]h\ t\mpI.

BJym\w
kw`mjWw
atf atf Btcm Icbptm. X
ImtXmp.
Bcmbncnpw IcbpXv?
FmWv kw`hnXv? kzX{ {]XnIcWw.
ag \ntm Ipnnfn IppcnIntev
]dp.

57

samUyq 7 KWnXw
Bibw
: an ]eXcw kky
hfcpp. ag Inptm sNSnI
\mbn hfcpp.

IpnI _n\p apIfn apn cv hw

hcpp.
heXv `mKpXv IpppXv CSXv
`mKpXv Ipnnfnv
am ssIn ]nSn coXnbn hfn Nn{X-
{IaoIcnpp.
]dbpp
A[ym]nI t_mUn hcpp FgpXpp.
IpnI t\mv ]pkvXIntcJsSppp
IpppXv CSXv ssIn ]nSnmtem ?
IpnI ssIn am FSpv hbvpp ]dbpp.
So _n._nbn hcpp FgpXpp.

Hcp henb Iqs hyXykvX

sNdnb Ipfmbn amphm
km[npw.
BJym\w
Io Io Io At hnipp. Ipp hnip
Ictm Ipnnfnv kSw hp.
Fs\bm asf \nsf X\nmnbnv `Ww
tXSntmIpXv?
C\nbpw Fsnepw kw`hnmtem?
Ipnnfn t]Snt. asf Rm
t\mnsImmw .
apbemh acn\v Xmsgbncpv hnfnp ]dp.
apbemh ChnsSs ImWptam? Ipnnfn
tNmZnp. Rm\nhnsSsbpv. ag htm
F\nn\n ]pv tXSn Imnsempw t]mtItm.
FpsImmbncnmw apbemh As\
]dXv?
agmev sNSnIpmIp amsav? N
Bib cq]o-I-cWw

BJym\w
ssI Ipgbpp. Ipnnfn Xmtgv t\mn Xmsg
IqSpI InSpp. Ah amI thsd thsd
IqSpIfnenp.
Fs\bmbncnpw am CXv ?
t\mv ]pkvXIn hcpp
_nKv Iymhm-kn {]iv\m-h-X-cWw (k`w)
ssIIfnepw sImnepw IpSpI FSpv Ipnnfn
]dp Iqnsen.
Fmhcpw am Xnp. Fnpw hniv amdnbn.
Nph sNngw Iqnepv. Ipnnfn Iqn
\npw sNnghpambn Fn.
5 Fapv
Fs\bmbncnpw Ipnnfn sNngw aqp
t]pambn hoXnXv ?
(amSn 5 Fw KWnX Inn \npw
FnsbSppp)
HtcmcpcpsSbpw apn 3 hw hcpp
hw1 Ip,v 2 Ipv, 3 Ipnnfn Fn-s\
t_m[ysSppp.
Fs\bmWv hoXnp \IpI.
IpnI {IaoIcnpp
]dbpp
So t_mUn hcpp FgpXpp.
Cs\ {IaoIcnh Bscms ?
hnebncppp. FgpXpp.
t\mv ]pkvXIn IpnI hcpp. FgpXpp.
ass\sbnepw sNngw hoXnmtam ?

BJym\w
apbemht\mSpw atfmSpw bm{X ]dv Ipn
nfn Ncamhn\Sptv ]dp. Dbp ]dtm
Xmgs ImgvI Iv Ipnnfn AXnibnp.
hcpWnb ]mSsms ]ppI apfncnpp
acfpsS CeI sImgnp t]mbnpv . ]pXnb
CeI hncnnpw Dv.
CXphsc Xe XmgvnnS Aphns sNSnIsfmw
s]sv hfphtm
Ncamhn\Spsnb Ipnnfn sRntmbn
amIsfmpw ImWm\n. Ah IcnbneI sImn
amn t\mn... FnsbSptmfp.
(BJym\w HB t]Pv 76,77 )
{]{Inb
Ipnnfn F{X am FSpp ImWpw ?
(am, Infn Fnh Hcpn Unkvt t_mUn
{]iv\w Ah-X-cn-n-mw)
ambpsS Nn{Xw IqnbnSpp.
IpnI FnsbSppp.
3 FamWv Ipnnfn FSpXv.
IpppXv heXv ssIbnepw AhpXv
CSXv ssIbnepw ]nSnp.
Fs\bmbncnpw ]nSnXv ?
IpnI ssIbn Dbn ]nSnpp

Ipv

58

Ipv

BJym\w
At At HmSn ht Ap hnfnp Iqhn
Fm Ap ? Fp ]n A HmSnsbn.
Cu hcmbn t\mntb FmbnXv ?
Fnstbm NndIpIfmWtm. CXv agmbpsS
NndIpIfmWv.
agsbptm ChI IqtmsS hp
sImpw.
agmtbm? As\sbmcp ]mbptm?
Ap AXnibnp.
agmev am{Xw {]tXyIambn ImWp
Fsms PohInfpv.?
IpnIfpsS {]XnIcWw N
So Nmn t{ImUoIcnpp.
agm, agpn, Xhf, tXc, anc, ao,
\nconpp.
Isndbpp.
Pohn-I-fpsS mnv Nn{X tiJ-cW ]pkvX-In-tev

t_m-Ivkn\v apI-fn
Nn{Xw hcv \ndw \Inbmtem
1 a\ndw (Ipv )
2 Imn \ndw ( Ipv)
3 a ,Imn \ndw (A)
BJym\w
F\nv sNngw th apgph \n
Igntmfq.Ipnnfn ]dp.
Fs\bmbncnpw Ipp sNngw
]nsSpXv?
s_nse 2 hfnembn apgph IpnIfpw amSn
hv {IaoIcnpp. ]dbpp.
A[ym]nI _n._nbn FgpXpp.
Cs\ {IaoIcnh Bscms? hnebncppp.
Hmas Ipn\v aqv Fw \Inbhcmscms?
IpnI ]dbpp. hnebncppp _n_n bn
FgpXpp.
ass\sbnepw coXnbn sNngw
hoXnmtam ?
3s\bpw 5 s\bpw hyXykvX coXnbn hoXw shXv
Nmn hfIsfmnv Nph _/amSn Hnv
{IaoI-cn-mw.

BJym\w
Cu ag Fsms........ Ap HmSnsbn.
{]{Inb XpS HB 80

samUyq 8 ]cnkc]T\w
Bibw :
Icbnse t]mse Penepw
PohPmefpv.

{]h\w
BJym\w
shw Ctmsgmpw Xmgpsav tXmpn........
kzbw Bizknp.(BJym\w t]Pv 78)
FpsImmbncnpw ss]nSmhv As\
]dXv?
IpnI hmNnIambn {]XnIcnpp.
BJym\w
A hnjanppmhpw..................Xmfanp ]mSn
(BJym\w t]Pv 78, 79)
sXbvsXbv XI sXbv sXbv tXmw
CnpsImptXmWn
SotdmsSmw ]mSn A`n\bn
(sIm-dn-tbm-{Km^n sNdp {Kqp-I-fmbn Hcp-mw)
samUyq 9 KWnXw
Bibw :

agmev am{Xw ImWp

PohnIfpv.
AwKoIrXam GIIw
D]tbmKnv Dfhv IWmmw.

59

A\p_w 4
mkn D]tbmKnmhp Nne IfnI

{]h-\-p-ff Nn-I ]men-

Fm-hcpw ]c-kv]cw kv]in-m hn[w \np-p.
\Sphn \npbmv Nppw Hcp hrw (kn)
Xop-p. 10 hsc Fp--Xn-\n-S-bn H sse (knwKn sse) cq]n-I-cn-p-p. hopw kn; ASp-Xmbn 10 hsc Fp--Xn-\n-S-bn Xpey-F--ap-ff cv
sse\p- I - f mbn amdp- p. {Iao- I - c n- p- p. hopw
kn, H-sse, Cc sse Bbn thK-n amdpp.

ASp Ln Hcp ssIsImpam{Xw _eq

ssIamdpp.GXv SoamWv hnPbn?
aqmwLn cpSoantbpw Hcpp BfpsS
IpsIpw. ssIamdnsbp _eq Abm
HcpImsImv NhnnsmnWw.
\ni-_vZ -Ifn
Fm-hcpw \ni-_vZ-cmbn A[ym]Is\ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cnv
Ccn- p- p. t_mUn Hcp tNmZyw Fgp- X n- b m,
AXns Dcw Hm-tcm-cp--cpw Isn Fgp-X-Ww.
]cn-io-e-\-lm-fn-sebpw ]m-fn-I-fp-tSbpw {]tX-y-I-X-I
D-c-ambn hcp tNmZ-y- AXn s]Sp-mw. Hw
ap-f-f-h-bpw. Dcw ]c-am-h[n {lk-z-am-Ip tNmZ-y-
thWw.
Bcpw
kwkmcncpXv,
Dds
hmbnpsmSpIbpamWv.

]mp-]m-S acw
cp-So-ap-Ifpw apJm-apJw \np-p. Hmw Sow Hcp]mv ]mSn aptm-p-h-cp-p. A[ym]I A-Xnse GsXnepw Hcp {]tXy-I-X-]-cn-K-Wnv (sX-c-s-Sp-v--\mS]mv/ hmbvXmcn/IhnX/kn\n- am- K m- \w...)t]mbn v
\Ipp. at {Kqn-t\mSv AtX taJ-e-bnse asmcp
]mv ]mSm-\m-h-iy-s-Sp-p. BZ-y-d-uv {Sb. ASp
duv apX t]mbn v. hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn-embn Hmtcm
{Kqpw sXc-s-Sp ]mv Ah-X-cn-n-p-tm AhX-c-W-ns Htcm {]tX-y-I-X-bmbn (CuWw, Xmfw, A`n\-bw, `mhw, Iqm-bva, Zriy-cq-]o-I-c-Ww, Ne\w Fn-s\) ]cn-K-Wnv \mtem Btdm dun Ghpw IqSpX t]mbn- v t\Snb Soans\ sXc-sSp-pp, hnPbn-bmbn {]J-ym-]n-p-p. (So-ans t]cp-I, eoU
Fnh Hmcm Soapw BZyw Xs Xncp-am-\n--s.

\mw F{X t] Chn-sS-bn-cn-p-pv?

\nfpsS CSXpw heXpap kplrpfpsS
t]?
(agtbm ag F bq\n-n \npw) \n FgpXnb ]Z-
CXn ]mhmS DSphcpsS t].
Hmw mnse Hmw amk-n \n- hmbn
]pkvX-Iw.

_mdnte
cphcnbmbn apJmapJw XpeyFw Bm
ASnb {Kqv.\Sphn q.cp{Kqntebpw Hcs
AwKn\v _m \Ipp. hnkn apgptm
Ccphcpw HmSnhv qfn ASnv Xncnpt]mbn _m
ssIamdpp.BZyw ]qnbmp {Kqv hnPbnpp.

_w Is
]mfnI hrmIrXnbn Ccnpp. Hcm Hcp
hmv ]dbpp. ASpbm asmcp ]Zw... As\
XpScpp. ASp dun Hcn ]d ]Z
BhnmsX ]dbpp. aqmw dun Hcm
]d ]ZtmSv _s ]Zta ASpbm
]dbmhq. _ansn av ]mfnIv Ah
Xnep _w tNmZnmw. ]Zw ]dbm
hmNnIambn _w m]nWw. Ifn XpScpp.

_eqssIamd
CcpSoapIfpw apJmapJw Ccnpp. Hcv \ndsb
Imp\nd _eqWpI.Ap\nv _eq
ssIamdm XpSpp. \nnX kabn\pn GXv
SoamWv IqSpX _eq tiJcnXv ?

60