Welcome

Underwater Communication

Contents
Introduction Importance of UW communication Traditional approach Technology in use Vector sensor Architecture of Ocean Bottom Monitoring Differences with terrestrial network Challenges SONAR Applications
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Introduction
Underwater communication is a
technique of sending and receiving message below water

Typical frequency: 1 Hz to 1 MHz Hydroacoustics

Why using sound as communication medium in UW-ASN?

Radio waves Optical waves Acoustic transmission is better suited to

water than air
Speed of sound in water ~ 1500m/sec Speed of sound in air ~ 340m/sec

Why is Underwater Communication Important?

Naval defence (submarines) Ocean exploration Understanding natural disasters (tsunami)

Traditional approach for ocean-bottom monitoring

Uses sensors to record data Disadvantages: Real time monitoring is not possible. No interaction b/w onshore control systems and the monitoring instruments. failures or misconfigurations may occur Limited storage capacity
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Underwater Networks

Difficult to Communicate because of:

Complex multi-path propagation Small bandwidth and strong attenuation Low data rates compared to terrestrial communication
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Technology In Use

Hydrophone

Hydrophone: Converts acoustic waves into electrical energy, Cannot measure multiple scalar quantities, and has Single Input Single Output.
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What is Vector Sensor?

Measures Pressure + Y & Z Components of Velocity Single Input Multiple Output More Efficient and Compact Size Therefore Vector Sensor is much more better than
other receivers
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UW-ASN 3D Architecture for ocean bottom monitoring

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Challenges
Battery Power is limited Limited available bandwidth Channel characteristics UW sensors are prone to failures because of
fouling, corrosion, etc

Mobility The ocean can be as deep as 10 km

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SONAR
SOund Navigation And Ranging Two types of technology:

Active SONAR Passive SONAR

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Active SONAR
Active sonar uses a sound transmitter and a receiver Principle:
creates ping listens echo

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Passive SONAR
Passive sonar listens without transmitting. Noise limitations

Dipping sonar deployed from a Ship

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Applications of Underwater Communication

Seismic monitoring. Pollution monitoring Ocean currents monitoring Equipment monitoring and control Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUV)

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Thank You
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Any Queries??
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