13.1 Chapter 13 FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTATION 1. We test each of the following hypotheses, Null hypothesis (a): The replication effect is zero. p = po = ps = 0. We reject the null hypothesis at .05 level if F > Fos = 4.84 with 1 and 11 degrees of freedom. Null hypothesis (b): The two-factor interaction is zero. We reject the null hypothesis at .05 level if F > Fos = 2.93 with 4 and 18 degrees of freedom. Null hypothesis (c): The temperature(factor B) has no effect. 8, 3 = Gy = Bs = 0. We reject the null hypothesis at .05 level if F > Fos = 2.93 with 4 and 18 degrees of freedom. Null hypothesis (d): The concentration(factor A) has no effect. ay = a2 = 0. We reject the null hypothesis at .05 level if F > Fos = 4.41 with 1 and 18 degrees of freedom. 451452 Chapter 13 FACTORIAL EXPERIMENTATION : The data are ntration Temperature Reflectivity ] grams/liter Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3| Sum 5 3589S CTO 5 100 31 37 36. | 104 5 125 30 31083 | 5 150 8 0 8B} 7 5 175 19 18 22) 59 10 75 38 46 41 | 125 10 100 36 44 39 | 119 10 125 39-32-38. | ‘109 10 150 35004740. | 122 10 175 30.383 99 Total | 321 352 339 | 1,012 And the table of totals for the two factors are Factor B: Temperature(F°) 75 100 125 150 175 Factor A: 5 { 110] 104] 94} 71 59 438, Concentration 10 [135 119 | 109] 122} 99} 574 235 223 203 193 158 1,012 Hence ¢ And the sum of squares are SST = YY vk_ -— C = 35,822 - C = 1,683.8667 re: SS(Tr) = PED - C= jaw +04 +- + 1227 +99?) -C vy = 1,403.8667 1 2 2 2 2 es C= (312? +352 — C= 48.4667 SSR = ZETR-O= Gye +352 +30") -C SSE = SST ~ 8S(Tr) — SSR = 231.53331 ne 2 sagt 5 SSA = woe. -C= (438° — 574) — C = 616.5334 SSB 1yr,-¢ an jai 1 (235? + 223? + 203? + 193? + 158?) - C = 591.2000 (2)( SS(AB) = SS(Tr)~ SSA- SSB = 196.1333 4 ‘The analysis-of-variance table is Source of Degrees of Sums of Mean Fd variation freedom squares __ square Replication 2 48.4667 24.2334 1.88 A Concentration 1 616.5334 47.93 B Temperature 4 591.2000 147.8000 11.49 AB interaction: 4 196.1333 49.0333 3.81 Error 18 231.5333__ 12.8630 1683.8667, 3. Decision: The replication effect is not significant at .05 level. The con- centration effect and the temperature effect are both significant at .05 level. However, these cannot be interpreted individually because the interaction cffect is significant at .05 level. ‘The two-way table of fitted values, J, provides a summary of the experiment. Factor B: Temperature(F?) 75 100 125 150 175 Factor A: 5 | 36.67 | 34.67 | 31.33 | 23.67 | 19.67 Concentration 10 | 41.67 | 39.67 | 36.33 | 40.67 | 33.00 4. Further Analysis: The optimal reflectivity occurred at 75°F with concen- tration 10 grams per liter. At optimal conditions, the reflectivity is a normal random variable with mean ja, and variance 0, Since the mean square er- ror(MSE) is an unbiased estimate for 0? and to25 = 2.101 with 18 degrees of