TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 2(43).

2011

M PHNG R LE S BO V SO LCH MY PHT

SIMULATION OF A POWER GENERATION DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTIVE RELAY V Hoi Nam
Cng ty Th nghim in Min Trung
TM TT Hin nay m hnh ha cc phn t trong H thng in tr nn cn thit a ra nhng quyt nh ng n trc khi p dng vo thc t. Bi bo ny trnh by vic m phng r le so lch my pht nhm pht hin nhng trng hp khng tng thch, a ra nhng nh gi v kh nng lm vic ca n. Vi cng c l Matlab/Simulink, ta s xy dng m hnh r le bo v so lch da trn logic lm vic ca n, kt hp vi cc khi thit b c sn trong Simpowersystem tin hnh m phng cc dng s c v phn tch s lm vic ca r le. H r le so lch my pht P34x ca hng AREVA l thit b c m phng v p dng. ABSTRACT At present, modeling the components of a power system has become essential in making a right decision before their actual application. This article presents the simulation of generator differential relays to detect cases of incompatibility, making assessment of their operation. Through the Matlab/Simulink, the model of a differential protection relay will be built based on its operation in combination with a number of devices available in the SimPowerSystem to carry on simulating all types of faults and analysing the operation of the relay. In this way, AREVA's differential relay P34x devices are simulated and used.

L Kim Hng
i hc Nng

1. t vn Ngn mch trong cun dy stator my pht thng sinh ra dng in ngn mch rt ln. Vi nhng dng in nh vy c th gy ra nguy him cho cch in cun dy v li stator. V vy, s c phi c loi tr mt cch nhanh chng v hiu qu nht. Bo v so lch my pht tc ng khi ngn mch xy ra trong vng bo v (vng gia 2 CT), khi ny r le s a tn hiu ct my ct u cc, ct kch t ng thi ngay lp tc s i dng my pht. Tuy nhin, thc t ny sinh vn l trong qu trnh kim tra th nghim ta khng th th ht tt c cc trng hp xy ra, c cc trng hp th nghim kh phc tp v c th gy h hng, hoc lm lo ha cch in ca my pht. T thc t ny, ta cn tm cch kim tra khc i chiu vi cch th r le thc t. Xut pht t l do ny m chng ti a ra hng gii quyt l m phng s lm vic ca r le so lch vi i tng bo v l my pht, nhm gp phn a ra nhng nh gi v s lm vic ca r le, y cng chnh l ni dng ca bi bo ny. 2. M phng r le bng Matlab/Simulink c th m phng c r le s ta cn xy dng cc khi nguyn l lm vic
44

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 2(43).2011

cho n. Khi nguyn l lm vic ca r le so lch my pht c xy dng trn c s bng cc khi chnh (hnh 1): khi o lng dng in, khi tnh ton dng so lch (Idiff) v dng hm (Ibias), khi x l logic.

Hnh 1. S cc khi m phng bo v so lch my pht

Khi o lng dng in (Mea. relay): Khi c xy dng da theo phn tch Fourier tnh ln v gc pha ca dng in. Khi c 3 u vo v 9 u ra, u vo l ba tn hiu dng pha Ia, Ib, Ic ly t u cc my pht, ba u ra Ia, Ib, Ic (hnh 2, mc s 1). Su tn hiu cn li l cc gi tr ln (Mag Ia, Mag Ib, Mag Ic) v gc pha (Ang Ia, Ang Ib, Ang Ic) ca dng in. Khi tnh ton dng so lch v dng hm (Calculation Idiff&Ibias): R le sau khi o lng gi tr dng in hai pha n s t ng tnh ton ra dng so lch v dng hm. Khi Calculation Idiff&Ibias s lm nhim v ny, vi tn hiu ra l dng hm (Ibiasa, Ibiasb, Ibiasc), dng so lch (Idiffa, Idiffb, Idiffc) ba pha (hnh 2, mc s 2). Cng thc tnh ton Idiff, Ibias nh cng thc 1 [4]:

I DIFF = I 1 I 2 , I BIAS =

I1 + I 2

(1)

Khi nguyn l tnh ton vng tc ng theo c tnh hm (Relay decision): y l khi quan trng nht, n quyt nh s lm vic ng n ca r le. Khi ny s so snh dng hm v dng so lch o lng c vi c tnh lm vic ca r le (tnh ton t cc thng s ci t u vo v dng c tnh ca n) a ra lnh ct (trip signal) cho ph hp (hnh 2, mc s 3). Nguyn l lm vic theo c tnh hm ca r le P343 nh cng thc 2, 3 [4]:

I DIFF > K 2 * I BIAS ( K 2 K 1 ) I S 2 + I S1 I DIFF > K1 * I BIAS + I S1

Vi I BIAS > I S 2 Vi I BIAS I S 2

(2) (3)

Ngoi ra, ta xy dng thm khi thng s u vo nh sau.

Khi thng s u vo (Setting for relay): y l khi gip ngi s dng nhp cc thng s ci t (is1, is2, k1, k2) cn thit xy dng c tnh lm vic cho relay so lch (hnh 2, mc s 4).
45

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 2(43).2011

Sau khi kt hp cc khi li vi nhau ta c m hnh m phng r le so lch nh hnh 2.

Hnh 2. M phng r le s bo v so lch my pht bng Simulink

Qu trnh m phng s thc hin theo hai nhnh ring (hnh 3). Mt l qu trnh o lng, tnh ton v x l a ra lnh ct, hai l qu trnh thu nhp d liu s c xy dng c tnh bo v ca r le (Tripping characteristic of differential protection).
MATLAB Chng trnh tnh ton m phng chnh

SIMULINK-C s phng h thng

SIMPOWERSYSTEM M phng my in

USER-SIMULATE M phng nguyn l lm vic ca r le

D liu lu vo Hard Disk

Lu d liu vo Workspace

M-file: Xy dng c tnh bo v, v xc nh v tr s c

(A)

(B)

Hin th s c

Hnh 3. S khi nguyn l m phng s lm vic ca r le so lch 46

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 2(43).2011

Qu trnh th hai l thu nhp d liu xy dng c tnh s c bo v ca r le c th hin theo s khi hnh 3B. Ban u n s xy dng c tnh so lch hm t cc thng s ly t khi Setting for relay. c tnh ny c trng cho nguyn l hm ca r le tng ng vi gi tr ci t m ngi s dng yu cu. Sau , t qu trnh chy m phng, cc thng s s c c ghi vo Workspace. T y ta s ly thng s t Workspace vo c tnh so lch hm c xy dng bng M-file. Thng tin s c c th hin trc quan trn c tnh so lch ca r le, t cho ta nhng nh gi v s lm vic ng n ca r le.
3. Phn tch cc kt qu m phng 3.1 S c trong vng bo v

Ta m phng s c trong vng bo v ca r le so lch vi thi gian m phng 0,25s v thi gian tn ti s c l 0,10.25s. Gi tr ln ca dng in s c pha a (o lng bi TI ui my pht CT1) trc v sau s c c th hin hnh 4 (A,B), ln ca dng in pha s c (pha a) c s nhy vt, dng trong s c ln hn rt nhiu so vi dng trc s c (dng ti bnh thng). ln ca dng cc pha khng s c (pha b, c) c dao ng nh nh gn nh xp x gi tr trc s c .

Hnh 4. Dng o lng TI ui khi s c pha a (s c bn trong vng bo v)

Dng s c o lng CT u cc (CT2) th hin hnh 4 (C,D). i vi dng u cc my pht khi s c bn trong th dng pha s c (pha a) gim nh, ng thi dng pha b cng gim tng t pha a l do my bin p pha s cp ni (t ni dy MBA Yn/11). T vic o lng dng in trc v sau s c, r le s tnh ton v xy dng qu o s c tng ng vi c tnh lm vic ca n. c tnh s c th hin trn hnh 5A, v tr ca im s c ri vo vng lm vic ca c tnh so lch (cc im sao). Cc im s c ny to nn ng c tnh s c trong vng bo v c dc bng 1.
47

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 2(43).2011

Khi ny logic r le s a ra quyt nh i ct my ct, mt lch ct chung s c gi i, ng thi phn bit cc pha tc ng tn hiu ct ring pha cng hiu lc cho pha c s c. Trn hnh 5B th hin tn hiu trip chung (TRIP SIGNAL) v tn hiu trip tng pha ring (TRIP A, TRIP B, TRIP C). Trong trng hp ny v s c pha a nn ch c tn hiu Trip Signal v Trip A. M phng cc pha cn li cng cho kt qa tng t. Vi s c ba pha th c bn tn hiu trip A, trip B, trip C, trip signal u hiu lc cng lc.

Hnh 5. c tnh s c (A) v tn hiu trip pha A (B) khi s c pha a xy ra trong vng bo v

3.2 S c ngoi vng bo v

3.2.1. S c mt pha Tng t vi cc thng s m phng trng hp trn, ta xt s c xy ra bn ngoi. S c xy ra trn on thanh dn t TI u cc my pht n my ct hp b. Vi s c pha a duy tr t 0.1s n 0.25s ta thy sng dng in s c pha a nhy vt nh hnh 6A, cc pha cn li gi nguyn. Dng s c o lng c pha u cc v pha ui my pht gn ging nhau c v dng sng, ln ln gc pha ngay c trc s c v trong s c. V vy dng so lch s gn bng khng cn dng hm s rt ln trong sut qu trnh m phng. Trong hnh 7A ta thy qu o s c l ng tp hp cc im nm st trc honh (trc Ibias), s d c qu o nh vy l do iu kin m phng l khng c sai s ca TI, sai s ca t s bin dng v khng xt n s bo ha ca TI. Trong thc t qu o ny c th nm cao hn v st vi ng c tnh so lch. Trn hnh 7B ta thy tn hiu trip bng khng t u n cui qu trnh m phng, khng lnh trip no hiu lc ngay c khi ngn mch xy ra bn ngoi.

48

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 2(43).2011

Hnh 6. Do lng dng in pha ui my pht (A), v dng in u cc my pht (B) khi s c xy ra bn ngoi my pht

Hnh 7. c tnh s c (A), trng thi u ra (B) khi s c ngoi vng bo v

3.2.2. S c ba pha Vi s c ba pha ngoi vng bo v ta cng c kt qu tng t c bn tn hiu trip A, trip B, trip C, trip signal u khng tc ng.

49

TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 2(43).2011

Hnh 8. o lng dng in pha ui my pht (A), v dng in u cc my pht (B) khi s c 3 pha xy ra bn ngoi vng bo v

4. Kt lun

Kt qu m phng so snh vi logic lm vic thc t ca r le cho thy hon ton ging nhau. iu ny chng t r le m bo tnh chn lc, tnh tc ng nhanh, chnh xc v tin cy. Vi dng m hnh r le ny cho php ta ghi v lu gi c s kin, thng tin in p dng in s c v xy dng c tnh lm vic mt cch trc quan. T nhng kt qu , qua qu trnh x l v lu gi thng tin, cho php ta tm hiu su hn v bo v r le v i tng bo v l my pht. Ngoi ra, vi cng c Matlab-Simulink ta hon ton c th m phng nhiu trng thi vn hnh ca my pht in, kho st c nhiu tnh trng lm vic khng bnh thng cng nh cc dng s c i vi my pht in. Vi phng php m phng r le s nh vy ta c th d dng m rng m hnh m phng cho nhiu chng loi r le khc nhau t bo v qu dng, so lch n khong cch vi cc i tng bo v l ng dy, MBA, thanh ci cc NM v TBA.
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] IEEE, Guide for AC Generator Protection, C37.102 2006, YN 10016-5997, USA. [2] Donal Reimert, Protective relaying for power generation systems, Taylor&Francis 2006. [3] L Kim Hng, Bo v cc phn t chnh trong H thng in, NXB Nng, 2004. [4] AREVA, Application Notes MiCOM P342, P343, P34x/EN AP/F33. [5] Trn nh Long, Bo v cc H thng in, Nh xut bn khoa hc k thut, 2008 [6] Nguyn Phng Quang, Matlab&Simulink dnh cho k s iu khin t ng, NXB Khoa hc k thut, 2006.
50