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'IlaapenrneabcKaneronrculpe4. E. Kapcrrfi.-I1.,

npeflilcnoBherrlr E.M. Knocc, - M, 2000. - C. 109-110, 435-436' 515-516. -rQanrneecrnff 121., floeecrb BpeMeHHbtx neT: repMeHeBTHqecKhe ocHoBbl l4crotlHl4KoBeAeHufi neronHcHblx reKcroB. M, - 2004. - C. 90-116, 141-182. , Paee M. 06 ogHofi Hs NroAenefi anncalll Bllacril KHArvtHu Onuru e flosecrrl Bpeuennutx fler // BocroqnaR Eapona a

1926-1 928(flonHoeco6panuepyccKllxneronrceil,r. l), nepera4. cnpe.4ilcnoBneMS.M.Knocc-M, 1997.-C.3,6, 10-13, 16,24,29,42,54-60,69,74-75,n121' Crvr. KournccnoHbtM, AraAeMil,{ecKuM, H TonctoecrilN,l cnHcKaM Hoaropogcroi nepeoti fleronncn a: Hoeropogcran nepBaf, neronqcb crapuero il Mnagluero il3BoAoB I pea. A. HacoHoe - M.-JI., 1950 (ncPfl, r. lll), nepen3A. c

ApeBHocrt4 ,ev

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M,

2AA7.

ll

C- 206-21A.

enko t. Re-reading Constantine Porphyrogenilus

Byzantine Diptomacy. Papers from the Twenty-Fourth Spring

Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Cambridge, March 1990, eds. J. Shepard and S. Franklin -Aldershot, 1992 - PP. tOZ-tgS; o6 raHocranutx r4cror{HqKax cnl. IuraepyrHa [-.]-. Buganrrs, Eonrapua,,[peexnr Fycu (lX - Haqano Xll e.) -

cn6., 2000. -c.157-174 . Lind J.H. The Russo-Byzantine Treaties and the Early Urban Structure of Rus'//The Slavonic and East-European
Review

1984. -6213. - P.362-370.


103

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Krne - PereHc6ypr y 3eisAequruft 6., leariF{ l-. Bile.{eHns 'yKpanHcKon' qacrhH!4 CpeAnuoeivnoro roproBoro unFxy 1997-1998 pp., pe4. ,[. Koaar - Kune, - 1998' - C' 77 ' 1998 b. // ApxeonorivHi aigrpnrrn a YrpanHi crapoxl4rHocri qenrpanune // s 3ais4equrcrfi 8., AaeHuopy""*i *ypr""il na nieni..l-rifi oronuqi u. Kopocrenn flp]orvrxni c. 32-37 ' Eaponra vlll-Xl cr., peA. n. Tonoqro H 4p. - Hepnirie, -2003 lcropocrenu e "*ogt'on 3eisAeqsrril E., flerpaycracA., nonuryi B. Hoei Aocni,qxenns crapoAaBHboro lcropocrenn //.Crapogaenifi pe4' O. Moqn t4 Ap. - Khne, - 2OO4' - C' 51-86' i cnoa'sHcri rpa.qn Vlll-X cr., 10 3eig.qelluKaff 8., Monern ie posronoK crapoAaBnuoro lcropocrenn ll flpuvepxotvtopue, Kputtvt, Pycu e nc-ropun n peA. H. Kyroeanucran' r' 2,- Kner Kynbrype. Marepranur lll cy4arcroff MexAyHapoAnofi nayvnoft ronQepenquh, Cysar, - 2006. - C. 131-133. Litwa, Polska, Ukraina" 11 3oqeHKo 8., CIxnutfr rcpyr o6paqeHv4tl Al4pxeMoB s BocroqHofi Eapone Vlll-X BB. ll BiaBoru[, Konferencji Numizmatycznej -Warsar. wspylne dzieje pienidza. supr all 20-22.1 0.1994, MateriaBy i Mi'dzynarodowej
12

- 1996 - C. 51 -75. of the Russian Lind J., Problems of Ethnicity in the lnterpretation of Written Sources on Early Rus // The Slavicization Helsingiensia, 27) - Helsinki, - 2006. - P. 246North. Mechanisms and Chronology, ed. by J Nuorluoto (Slavica
258.
17.

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B cropoHy Bonpoc Tonoqro A., Boo6paxaeMar HapoEHocrb l/ Ruthenica, r. 1 , -2OO1. - C. 112-117 (113); tvtut ocraBilM qro reppuropt4q neronilcHbx nonnH He Moxer 6uttu aulAeneHa KaK caMocroqrenbHaF apxeonoruf,eo(an o roM, A' Hcropuvecxre Kynbrypa e Cpegneu flo4nenpoeueM Ha $one rynurypur llyra-Pafiroaeqran, cna' Kouap ganu xa3apaM no apxeoJlorilqecKrM AaHHblM' ll Xazay" npeAnocbrnKil BoaHr4KHoBeHnF nereHAbr o nonfiHcKoil pea. B. flerpyxnH r Ap - M, - 2005. - C' 2O7-218' 16 Tau xe, C. 11417 nCPn, t 2. C. 1O. 18 Pur6aroe 6., Kregcxas Pycu ra pyccKile KHflxecrBa Xll-Xlll BeKoB. - M, - 1982' - C' 235-342' 1s ner' H ee tacrollHl4Kt4. il TOhPIlr, r. 4, - 194O' - C' 46-47 ' lllax\aatoe A. 'f]oeecru 20 nCPfl, r.2. - C. 11-12. "pu"e"""'* rocy4apcrBa Ha repptlropl4t4 CCCP - M' 2i purgseecran E., ,fipeennn Pycu r CraHANHasran lX- XIV ea. //,flpeenefiure 1978. - C. 194-202. 22 Cegoe B., Bocro.{t-{ule cnaBflHe Vl-Xlll ae. - M, - 1 982' - C' 1 01 -11 3' norpe6anunoro o6pnAa 23 MoqR A., Hexoropute cBeAeHHf, o pacnpocrpaHeHiln xpucrl4tlHcra Ha rcre Pycr no AaHHblM peg. B. 3y6apu - Knea' - 1990. - C. 114-133 (125-1291' /l O6pn4ur fl BepoBaHhr ApeBHero HaceneHue Yxpartrst, // Pycu e IX-XU 2a 3era4eqrufi 8., Hoesre AaHHbre o KypraHax c KaMeHHbrMr4 o6xnaAraun Ha ceBepe xnromupr4nnur bsan"oAeficrgre Ceeepa nlOra. peA. H. A. Marapoe n Ap.,- M, - 2005. - C.281-286. 25 "e*"*. Tau xe; Moqn A., Hacenenre Cpe4nero flo4nenpoeuq lX-Xlll ee. - KHee, - 1987 - C' 120-121 '
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