Nghin Cu Mt S Bin Tnh Keo Ure Formaldehyt Bng Melamin

STUDY ON THE MODIFICATION OF URE-FORMALDEHYDE WITH MELAMINE Phm c Thng, o Hng Cng i hc Nng
TM TT Keo Ureformaldehyt (UF) l loi keo tng hp c dng ph bin nc ta v trn th gii. Keo UF c nhiu u im nh: bm dnh tt, gi thnh r d s dng... nhng c nhc im c bn l km bn nc. V vy nghin cu bin tnh keo UF bng Melamin l mt trong nhng hng nhm nng cao cht lng v gi tr s dng ca keo. Bi bo ny cng b mt s kt qu ca vic nghin cu theo hng bin tnh . ABSTRACT Ure-formandehyde (UF) is a kind of synthetic adhesive used widely in our country and in the world. UF adhesive has many advantages such as: firm adherence, cheap price, easy for use... but its weakness is low water resistance. Therefore the study on the modification of UF adhesive with Melamine is one of the practical ways to improve the quality and use value of UF adhesive. This article deals with some results from a study on that modification way.

1. M u Keo ureformaldehyt c s dng rng ri to ra nhiu loi sn phm trong ngnh cng nghip sn xut g vn nhn to do c thi gian ng rn nhanh mi nhit , to dung dch vi nc trc khi ng rn, c bm dnh cao v c gi thnh tng i thp so vi cc loi keo tng hp khc [1]. Tuy nhin do c nh`c im chu nc km, c bn c hc khng cao nn vic s dng c rt nhiu hn ch, c bit l trong iu kin ca mt nc c m cao nh nc ta. Mt trong nhng phng php khc phc nhc im trn y ca UF l bin tnh n bng melamin. Kt qu ca s bin tnh ny l nhm to cho sn phm sau khi ng rn c nhiu lin kt ngang s lm tng bn nc, bn c hc v kh nng bm dnh ca keo.

1.1 Tng hp keo Ureformaldehyt: Keo UF c tng hp theo 2 giai on sau: a) Trng ngng Ure(U) vi Formalin(F)[1]: Phn ng xy ra trong mi trng kim:

b) a t cc oligome: Phn ng xy ra trong mi trng axit yu:

Sn phm ng rn:

Cn c cu trc ca sn phm ng rn ta thy keo UF c cha nhm - CH2OH, lin kt ete, kt cu khng cht ch cho nn c m cao v cc lin kt d b ph hy bi m mi trng... [5]. Do vy lm tng bn ca keo cn phi bin tnh.

1.2 Bin tnh keoUF bng Melamin (M) Vic bin tnh keo UF c th c thc hin theo nhiu hng khc nhau nh: thay i cu trc nguyn liu tng hp, thay i cu trc mch ca nha, s dng cht chnh n cu trc polime, s dng cht ng rn... [2] Bin tnh keo UF bng M [6] nhm tng lin kt mng khng gian khc phc tnh a nc v tng mt s tnh cht c l. iu ny t c l do M c nhiu nhm hot ng hn U nn mng lin kt gia cc phn t day c hn, do bn, chu nhit, chu m v ght lng ca sn phm a t giai an cui rt ln. Ngoi ra cc phn ng xay ra trong qu trnh bin tnh d khng ch, kim sot, v d thc hin.

2. Thc nghim 2.1. Tng hp keo UF: Theo l thuyt mt phn t U c th kt hp vi 2 phn t F nhng v trong qu trnh phn ng cn to ra Monometylon Ure nn d lng F. V vy nguyn liu tng hp keo UF c chn theo t l mol U/F: 1/1,6 (UF1). 1/1,8(UF2). 1/2,0(UF3). Cho mt lng F cho vo bnh phn ng, m cnh khuy iu chnh pH t 8 8,5. cho tip 75% lng U, gia nhit n 95 1000C, sau 15 pht cho tip mt na lng U cn li, gi nguyn nhit , pH trn sau 1 gi h nhit xung 800C 850C, iu chnh pH t t n 5,5 6,5 v kim tra tan ca nha trong nc (khi bt u thy hin tng lm c nc th th ngng). iu chnh pH n 7 7,5, h nhit xung 700C 750C, cho tip lng U cn li, quy u thm 30 pht, dng, kt thc phn ng. Lm ngui, keo ra bnh cha. 2.2. Tng hp keo UMF: V M c 3 nhm chc, kh nng phn ng mnh hn U, v do cc yu t v hiu qu kinh t nn ta chn phng n tng hp keo UMF theo t l mol M/U =
2,38 4,76 7 ,14 9,52 , , , 95 90 85 80

. (Khi lng thay th 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% .)

Cho mt lng F cho vo bnh phn ng, m cnh khuy iu chnh pH t 8 8,5. cho tip 85% lng U, gia nhit n 95 1000C, sau 15 pht cho tip lng U cn li vo, gi nguyn nhit , pH trn sau 1 gi h nhit xung 800C 850C, iu chnh pH t t n 5,5 6,5 . Nhit h dn n 700C 750C trong khong 1gi 25 pht (trc khi keo lm c nc 10 pht). iu chnh pH n 6,5 7, tng nhit ln 800C 950C Cho M t t vo hn hp phn ng, quy u trong 30 pht iu chnh pH n 7 7,5 v h nhit xung. Lm ngui, keo ra bnh cha. 2.3. Gia cng mu vn nhn tao vi keo UF v keo UMF Khi sn xut vn dm 3 lp t l phi trn i vi lp mt l thng keo (25%) dm (75%) [3] nn ta chn t l cho sn phm mu 1 lp l: 20/80; 25/75; 30/70; 35/65 . Trn k theo cc t l chn, ri u theo tng lp vo khun, p di lc p khong 16 KG/cm2 n 18KG/cm2, sy nhit 1100c 1200c trong thi gian 0,6 n 1 pht /mm chiu dy vn .

2.4. Kim tra sn phm [4]: Cht lng ca vn p c kim tra theo cc ch tiu sau: - Lng CH2O d trong keo. - Khi lng ring ca keo . - trng, gin n trong cc mi trng ng dng sn phm: - bn c l.

3. Kt qu thc nghim v tho lun 3.1. Cc yu t nh hng n phn ng tng hp keo UF v UMF nh hng ca nhit v pH n phn ng tng hp keo UF v UMF c trnh by trn th 3.1, v 3.2.

th 3.1: Keo UF

th 3.2: Keo UMF

Kt qu trn th 3.1 cho thy: phn ng xy ra su nhng khng to gen th: - Nhit ca phn ng lc u c nng ln cao sau c h xung t t nhng khng qu thp (ph hp vi qu trnh ngng t v a t). - pH lc u cao ph hp s ngng t sau h thp dn thc hin qu trnh a t v cui phn ng nng ln 7.5 m bo bn keo trong khi bo qun. Kt qu trn th 3.2 cho thy: - Ti thi im cho M vo nhit phn ng c nng cao nhng ch trong thi gian ngn nhm tng cng kh nng tham gia phn ng ca M nhng khng xy ra hin tng to gen. - pH lc u cao ph hp s ngng t sau h thp dn thc hin qu trnh a t v cui cng nng ln 7.5 M tham gia to cu trc sp xp cht ch, m bo bn keo trong qu trnh bo qun. 3.2 bn ho hc v tnh cht c l ca mu vn nhn to s dng keo UMF nh hng ca mi trng n bn ca mu vn nhn to s dng keo UF v UMF c trnh by trn cc th 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, v nh hng ca t l keo phi trn n bn c l c trnh by trn cc th 3.8, 3.9 trong : UF2 t l U: F l 1,0:1,8 UMF1 t l U: M: F l 0,95: 0,0238: 1,8 UMF2 t l U: M: F l 0,90: 0,0476: 1,8 UMF3 t l U: M: F l 0,85: 0,0714: 1,8 UMF4 t l U: M: F l 0,98: 0,0952: 1,8

 trng % 75,000 UF2 65,000 UMF1 55,000 45,000 35,000 25,000 15,000 20 25 30 35 UMF2 UMF3 UFM4 75,000

trng %
UF2 65,000 55,000 45,000 35,000 25,000 UMF1 UMF2 UMF3 UFM 4

% Keo

15,000 20 25 30 35

% Keo

th 3.3: trng trong mi trng nc

trng
75,000 UF2 65,000 UMF1 55,000 45,000 35,000 25,000 15,000 20 25 30 35 % Keo UMF2 UMF3 UFM4

th 3.4: trng trong mi trng NaOH 10%

75,000 65,000 55,000 45,000 35,000 25,000 15,000 20 25 30 35 % Keo

trng %
UF2 UMF1 UMF2 UMF3 UFM4

th 3.5: trng trong mi trng HCl 10%

trng %
75,000 UF2 65,000 UMF1 55,000 45,000 35,000 25,000 15,000 20 25 30 35 % Keo UMF2 UMF3 UFM4

th 3.6: trng trong mi trng NaCl 10%

th 3.5: trng trong mi trng Xylen

Qua s liu v bn mi trng, c l trn cc th 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9. cho thy: - Tng hm lng M ln, bn mi trng ca cc mu p tng ln. - bn mi trng ca cc mu p trong cc dung mi gim theo th t: Xylen, H2O, NaCl, HCl, NaOH. - Tnh cht c l nh bn un, bn nn ca mu p trn c s keo UF bin tnh M u tt hn so vi mu p trn c s keo UF khng bin tnh: bn nn UF2: (7,857 N/mm2). UMF1 (8,278 N/mm2) - th 3.8. Khi t l thay th tng ln 10% th cc ch tiu tng ln r rt bn un UMF2 (10,836 N/mm2) - th 3.9. Tng t bn nn UF2 (8,934 N/mm2); UMF1 (9,420 N/mm2) v UMF2 (10,735 N/mm2) - th 3.8. KT LUN Kt qu nghin cu ti cho thy vic s dng M lm tc nhn bin tnh lm tng bn mi trng, bn c l ca keo UF mt cch ng k. Phn ng bin tnh c thc hin nhit 800C 950C vi pH t 7,0 7,5. Mu vn ep nhn to s dng keo UMF c gia cng nhit 1100C 1200C vi lc p 16 KG/cm2 18KG/cm2. T l thay th M cng nhiu th bn ca vt liu s dng keo UMF cng tng.

TI LIU THAM KHO

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George Hovakeemian, Ma'mun Absi-Halabi, and Shawqui M. Lahalih,Water soluble sulfonated Amino Formaldehyde Resins, journal of applied Polymer Science, Vol. 39, 727-739, 1999. Chevalier, Veronique, Hurel, Valerie, Simon, Cosmetic composition comprising particles of melamin- formaldehyde or urea - formaldehyde resins and its uses, United States patent, pp. 1-11, 2001.
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