38.

38-1 ?
1.
1) : ?
2) : ?
3) : ?

2.
1) -
( )
2) -
( )

38-2
1.
.
2.

.

. (W. Bertozzi, 1964)

(1964 CERN)
0.99975c

38-3,4 ,
1. (event)
1) : () ()
2) : , ,
2.
,
. ,
.
3.
: v
:
()

R -R':
B -B':

38-5

.

v , .

?

1) :

t 0 =

2) :

t =

L =

D
=
L

1
v t
2

1
v2
1 2
c

+ D

2D
c
2L
c

v2
2
2
+ D
2 L
c

t =
3) :

t 0
v2
1 c2

(proper time) t 0 .

t = t 0 ( t 0 )

1
,
1 - 2

v
c ,

1) : (muon)
: 2.2 s
0.9994c : 63.5 s

t =

t 0
1-

= 28.872.200s = 63.5s

2) (J. Hafele & R. Keating, 1977)

4 4 2

38-6

1) :
()
L 0 ( )
2) L 0 v
t
t =

L0
v

L 0 = vt

3) ,
( ).
, t0
4)
L =

L0

( )

38-7
S S'

S S' v = ( v, 0, 0)
: t' = t = 0 S S'

vx
2
c

t' = t

t' = t -

x' = x - vt

x' = ( x - vt)

y' = y

y' = y

z' = z

z' = z

( c

<< 1 )

38-8
:

t' = t -

v
2 x ,
c

x' = ( x - vt)

1.

S : ( x 0 ) ( t = 0 )
S'
t' = -

vx
c2

( )

2.

S : ( x = 0 ) , t ()
S'
t' = t
-38a:
(38 )
3.

S : x
S' : x'
( t' = 0) .

t' = 0

t =

v
2 x
c

x' = ( x - vt) = x =

v2
v2
x
=

1
x
c2
c2

38-9
v
x
c2

t' = t -

x' = ( x - vt)
x
u

:
S
t
u'
S' :

x'
t'

( x - vt)
v
t - 2 x
c

u-v
2
1 - uv/c

u = c u = c .

38-10

f = f0

1-
1+

f0 1 - +

1 2

( S v P D )
f = f 0

1-

f0 1 -

1 2

. v S P
D .

-38a:
.
(space ship) .
0.95c 10
.
.
,
.
.
.


.

.