Factoring Polynomials

Factoring Polynomials To know the ways of Factoring a Polynomial you should be familiar with the term polynomial. A polynomial is an algebraic equation. In this the variables involved can have only non negative integral powers. Example of polynomial are :f ( x ) = 4x + 1 / 2 g ( y ) = 3y2 ( 5 / 3 ) y + 9 p ( x ) = 6x3 4x2 + x 1 / 2 q ( u ) = 3u5 ( 2 / 3 ) u4 + u2 1 / 2. We use a factor theorem for Factoring a Polynomial. The theorem is :Let f ( x ) be a polynomial of degree n > 1 and let a be any real number.

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1. If f ( a ) = 0 then ( x a ) is a factor of f ( x ). 2. If ( x a ) is a factor of f ( x ) then f ( a ) = 0. Proof :- 1. Let f ( a ) = 0 On dividing f ( x ) by ( x - a ), let g ( x ) be the quotient. Also, by the remainder theorem, when f ( x ) is divided by ( x - a ), then the remainder is f ( a ). f ( x ) = ( x a) . g ( x ) + f ( a ) => f ( x ) = ( x a) . g ( x ) [ where f ( a ) = 0 ( given ) ] => x a is factor of f ( x ). Proof :- 2. Let ( x a ) be a factor of f ( x ). On dividing the f ( x ) by ( x - a ), let g ( x ) be the quotient. Then, f ( x ) = ( x a ) . g ( x ) => f ( a ) = 0 [ putting x = a ] Thus, ( x a ) is a factor of f ( x ) => f ( a ) = 0 A polynomial g ( x ) is called a factor of the polynomial p ( x ), if g ( x ) divides p ( x ) exactly. Examples :-

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( i ) ( x 2 ) is a factor of ( x2 3x - 10 ) ( ii ) ( x + 1 ) is a factor of ( x2 + 10x + 9 ) The process to express a given polynomial as the product of polynomial, each of degree less than that of the given polynomial such that no such a factor has a factor of lower degree is called factorization. Example :( i ) ( x2 16 ) = ( x - 4 ) ( x + 4 ) ( ii ) ( x2 3x + 2 ) = ( x 2 ) ( x 1 )

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