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Aloeswood is the resinous wood from the Aquilaria tree, an evergreen tree native to
northern India, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam. It's scientific name is
Aquilara Malaccensis Lam. or Aquilaria agallocha.
It is a very popular ingredient in Japanese incense and is often used in Traditional Chinese,
Unanai, Ayurvedic, and Tibetan medicine.
The Aquilaria tree grows up to 40 meters high and 60 centimeters in diameter. It bears
sweetly-scented, snow-white flowers. The trees frequently become infected with a parasite
fungus or mold, Phialophora parasitica, and begin to produce an aromatic resin, in
response to this attack. It is this precious resinous wood that is treasured around the
world. Today the resin is commonly called Jinko, Aloeswood, Agarwood, and Oud.
The resin of a tree from a natural fungal attack and immune response is commonly known
as agar #1. An inferior resin is created by the deliberate wounding of an aquilaria tree;
leaving it more susceptible to a fungal attack by using a forced method. This is commonly
called agar #2.
The fungus and decomposition process continue to generate a very rich and dark resin
forming within the heartwood. The resin created as a natural immune response makes the
most sacred oil on the planet. The wood is extremely rare and often very difficult to obtain,
as well as being quite expensive. The best quality is Kyara, which comes in four types:
Green, Iron, Purple, and Black.
There are many stories about aloeswood being buried under the ground for hundreds of
years. This legend comes from an old Chinese book on incense, but today most aloeswood
comes from infected trees that, although in the process of decaying and dying, are indeed
still standing. However, sometimes the roots become infected with the fungus and these
can be found underground.
It is believed, the famous piece of aloeswood called Ranjatai (pictured above) was
presented by Komyo Emperor for Todaiji Temple in Nara, Japan, in the year 756 A.D.
Ranjatai was kept in the Shosoin warehouse of Todaiji Temple. Today, Ranjatai belongs to
the Royal family of Japan. Every autumn, many treasures of Shosoin are exhibited in
National Museum in Nara, titled Shosoin Ten (Exhibition). Because there are many
treasures in Shosoin, every year, they change the object of exhibition. Ranjatai can be
seen there every 10 or 15 years. Ranjatai has been now been identified as coming from
Laos or Vietnam by Japan's leading expert on Aloeswood, Dr. Yoneda from Osaka
University.
*Written by David Oller of Esoterics, LLC. Edited by Scents of Earth.
Classifications of Aloes wood
Traditional Japanese Classification
Rikkoku or the six kinds of Aloes woods (lit. Six countries): Kyara, Manaban, Rakoku,
Manaka, Sumotara, Sasora
Kyara
This is the most famous and well known of all Aloes wood some believe to come from
either Vietnam or Cambodia. Kyara is a particular odor described as: "A gentle and
dignified smell with a touch of bitterness. The fragrance is like an aristocrat in its elegance
and gracefulness." Kiyoko Morita notes in her published work, "The Book of Incense," that
opinions differ from incense masters on what is kyara.
Rakoku
A sharp and pungent smell similar to sandalwood. Its smell is generally bitter, and reminds
one of a warrior.

Manaka
Smells light and enticing, changing like the mood of a woman with bitter feelings. The
fragrance is of good quality if it disappears quickly. None of the five qualities are easily
detectable.
Manaban
Mostly sweet, the presence of sticky oil on a mica plate is often present after smoldering
Manaban. The smell is coarse and unrefined, just like that of a peasant.
Sumotara
Sour at the beginning and end. Sometimes mistaken for Kyara, but with something
distasteful and ill bred about it, like a peasant disguised as a noble.
Sasora
Cool and sour. Good-quality sasora is mistaken for kyara, especially at the beginning. It
reminds one of a monk. Sometimes very light and disappearing.
**Five associations used to classify aloes wood aromas in ancient Japan.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Sweet -- Resembles the smell of honey or sugar

Sour -- Resembles the smell of plums or other acidic foods.
Hot -- Resembles the smell of peppers on a fire.
Salty -- Resemble the smell of ocean water when seaweed is dried on a fire.
Bitter -- Resembles the smell of bitter herbal medicine when it is mixed or boiled.

QUOTES ON AQUILARIA
"Aquilaria has been used to enhance cerebral function, balance the mind/body
connection and the nervous system."
Powerful and Unusual Herbs from the Amazon and China, The World Preservation
Society, Inc. 1993,1995
"...Soft, soft I have made my bed, spread it with embroidered tapestries of Egyptian
wool; freshly scented is that bower of mine with Myrrh and Aloes and Cinnamon. Come,
let us lose ourselves in dalliance, all the night through, let us enjoy the long desired
embrace..." Proverbs:7:16-19.
In "The Song of Songs" Solomon says: "What wealth of grace is here...no lack of
Spikenard or Saffron, of Calamus or Incense tree, of Myrrh...of Aloes or any rarest
perfume."
In Psalm 44, verse 9 it says (of the King): "Thy garments are scented with Myrrh and
Aloes and Cassia..."
King Louis XIV of France had his shirts washed in rose water in which Aloes wood had
been previously boiled.
The Indian poet Kalidasa once wrote: "Beautiful ladies, preparing themselves for the
feast of pleasures, cleanse themselves with the yellow powder of sandal, clear and
pure, freshen their breast with pleasant aromas, and suspend their dark hair in the
smoke of burning aloes."