Ln n Vn Phong

V NG DNG Xut hin ln u tin trn bn cng bin Vit Nam t nm 1999 trong Quyt nh s 202/1999/Q-TTg, quy hoch chi tit c hon thnh t nm 2003 v c ph duyt bng Quyt nh 1714-Q-BGTVT t nm 2006, c chnh thc khi cng xy dng t 10/2009 v d kin c khi ng tr li t 7/2012, cng trung chuyn quc t (CTCQT) Vn Phong tr hn nhiu ln vi cc mc thi gian khai thc c t ra. V mc d 10/2011 va qua, c nh u t mi (Cng quc t Rotterdam) k bin bn ghi nh vi Vinalines pht trin cng, nhng xem ra, vi ch mt bn ghi nh, tng lai ca Vn Phong vn cha thc s ti sng nh nhiu ngi k vng. Gn y, Vn Phong li xut hin trn phng tin truyn thng, nhng ln ny th kh tiu cc, rng Vn Phong l mt trong nhng in hnh sai phm ca Vinalines, rng l khi cng xy dng cng Vn Phong c chi n trn 4.000 t ng, vt mc cho php 80 ln! Cng vi hnh nh nhng chic cc ng d cng trng, nhng con s trn lm cho ngi ta d i n suy ngh rng vic khi cng xy dng cng Vn Phong ch l mt bin php i ph vi Chnh ph v d lun v tin ca d n, mt c hi bi chi. M, mt iu ng lu l tnh n thi im (10/2009), thm ch cho n lc ny l gia nm 2012, vn cha c nh u t no cam kt b vn vo cng thc hin d n. D bo lng hng c cn kh thi? Theo tnh ton ban u, lng hng s trung chuyn Vn Phong bao gm lng hng t khp cc min Vit Nam v t cc nc trong khu vc ng Nam , ng . V mt hnh vi, phi ni l hng tu, khch hng quan trng nht ca cng trung chuyn tng i ty tin, h thch ch no trung chuyn th h c th n, nht l trong bi cnh c nhiu la chn lm hng trung chuyn. Cho nn an ton, vic hoch nh cho cc cng trung chuyn i hi phi d bo lng hng cng chc chn s c v lng hng m cng c th ginh c, vic d bo ny cn c cp nht lin tc c th b sung chin lc ph hp vi quy hoch pht trin cng. Cc bo co ban u v Vn Phong u t tin nhn mnh l cng Vn Phong s ly c hng t vng Kinh t trng im pha Bc v pha Nam i thng n chu u, M. n nay, iu ny c cn chnh xc? Nhng ngi ng h vic pht trin cng Vn Phong mt cch rm r c l pht l din tin v hot ng ca cc cng bin Vit Nam gn y, v vi vic cc cng

container ti khu cng Ci Mp Th Vi (CM-TV) hot ng v cng Lch Huyn d kin hot ng t nm 2016, vn l hai khu cng ca ng ln v sc n tip tu m vi sc ch trn 10.000 TEU, cc hng tu s dn a tu vo khai thc trc tip ti cc cng ny v gim dn trung chuyn. Khi , m bo sn lng thng qua cho khai thc, Vn Phong s phi da ch yu vo lng hng t Khu kinh t Vn Phong, cc tnh min Trung v lng hng trung chuyn ca cc nc trong khu vc, y l mt kch bn nhiu p lc cho Vn Phong do lng hng container min Trung l hn ch (trong nm 2011 cc cng min Trung c sn lng container thng qua l xp x 200.000 TEU, chim ch 3% sn lng hng container c nc), cn thu ht hng trung chuyn t cc nc trong khu vc, tc l cnh tranh vi cc cng trung chuyn hng u th gii nh Singapore, Klang, Hng Cng.. th d khng phi l bt kh nhng l vn phc tp hn nhiu. Cha k, CM-TV v cng Lch Huyn cng kh nng lm hng trung chuyn v khi cc cng ny tha cng sut, cn lm hng trung chuyn tng doanh thu, th vin cnh Vn Phong phi cho gi rt thp c hng l iu hon ton c kh nng xy ra. Trong nh vy, ngoi ng cng khng d dng g cho Vn Phong, do b mt hng v cc cng nc su, cc cng trung chuyn trong khu vc nh Hng Cng, Singapore, Tanjung Pelepas.. cng c nhng ng thi tch cc tng cng cht lng dch v trong nhng nm qua. C th ni, CTCQT Vn Phong, do c mi tr hn, cng vi vic gp ri ro khch quan l khng hong kinh t, nn tnh kh thi ca cng khng cn nh ti thi im lp d n na. Lin doanh vi hng tu? Hin nay, mt trong nhng gi php c nhc n nhiu, v c xem nh l mt bc ngot gii bi ton cnh tranh ca Vn Phong, l phi tm c mt hng tu c sn lng ln cng u t v khai thc cng Vn Phong, qua m bo c mt lng hng nht nh. y l mt kin xc ng nu mun y sn lng ca cng ln cao ngay khi bt u khai thc, tuy nhin v mt lu di y l kin khng hay v mt doanh thu, v cc hng tu khi chim phn u th ti mt cng th t c kh nng h s khai thc ti u c s vt cht cng (cu cng, bi, nh kho) to ngun thu m ch ch trng n cc hot ng ti cu cng cho tu ca h, vn l c trng ca hot ng trung chuyn. Hn na, cc hng tu/lin minh hng tu khc c th s xem xt khng n lm hng ti Vn Phong, nu cng c khai thc bi i th cnh tranh. V li, thc t cho thy, li nhun ca cc cng c khai thc bi cc hng tu thng thp hn so vi cc cng c khai thc bi cc nh khai thc cng thun ty (in hnh

nh PSA, Hutchison Port Holding, SSA Marine, Tn Cng Si Gn..), y l iu d hiu, v khi b vn, khai thc mt cng v chuyn lng hng v y, cc hng tu ch trng n vic ti u ha hot ng khai thc cho chnh h, vn l iu quan trng hn do lin quan n li nhun ca mng hot ng chnh thng qua cht lng ca cc tuyn dch v, cn cc vn kinh doanh ca cng ch l th cp. in hnh, li nhun bin ca cc nh khai thc cng thng nm trn hai con s, trong khi cc cng c cc hng tu khai thc c li nhun bin ch t xp x 4-6%i. Hay lin doanh vi ai? Ngoi nhng l do trn, gi s Vinalines chp nhn lin doanh vi hng tu khai thc CTCQT Vn Phong trong thi gian ti th cng rt kh khn c th mi mt hng tu u t ti thi im ny, v cc hng tu ang phi hng chu nhng khon l ln v phi c cu li nhiu hng mc u t, nh ng tu mi v tham gia xy cng. Do , nu mun lin doanh vi cc i tc ln nc ngoi ti thi im ny th kh thi nht s l cc nh khai thc cng thun ty. Nhng mi gi cc nh khai thc cng thun ty n vi Vn Phong li cng khng n gin, trong tng lai gn, ngi vit cho l Hutchison Port Holdings, PSA, APM Terminals, SSA Marine v Dubai Ports World s khng n vi Vn Phong, v h u t vo cc cng khc nhau ti Vit Nam (a phn l cng nc su) v h s tm cch tng lng hng ti cc c s hin hu trc khi ngh n vic chi thm cho mt d n mi, trong bi cnh d n ny c th cnh tranh vi cng hin ti ca h. Nh vy trong danh sch cc nh khai thc cng hng u khng cn li bao nhiu ci tn, m trong c mt s nh khai thc nh Eurogate (ca c), Dragados (Ty Ban Nha).. khng bc ra ngoi chu u. Cng Quc t Rotterdam c k vng s ph l, nhng hin ti gia Cng Rotterdam v Vinalines ch mi c vi nhau bn ghi nh.
Xp hng sn lng container thng qua (2009) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Nh khai thc cng Hutchison Port H. APM Terminalsii PSA Corp. Dubai Ports World Cosco Pacific/Cosconiii MSC Eurogate Evergreen SSA Marine CMA-CGM Phn loi Nh khai thc cng Nh khai thc cng Nh khai thc cng Nh khai thc cng Nh khai thc cng Hng tu Nh khai thc cng Hng tu Nh khai thc cng Hng tu

Cc nh khai thc cng ln nht th gii (Theo UNCTAD, Review of Maritime Transport 2011)

********** Nh vy, v u vo (nh u t) ln u ra (trin vng kinh doanh) u cha tht s c nhng nh sng tch cc, m ch l i ln le li vi tin tc v thng v pht. Theo di nhng din bin lin quan n cng Vn Phong nhng nm gn y, ngi vit c cm gic Vn Phong ch l cng c ca t duy nhim k, ch r ln i ln trong vi nm ri vt tt, vi nm sau li r ln, ri li im lng. ng v tim nng, v nhng con s trong tng lai m qun i thc t ng bun v u t cng bin hin ti. Nu CTCQT Vn Phong c xy dng v t nc c b bin di cn phi c mt cng trung chuyn xng tm, th ng nhin l phi tip tc xy dng v khng cn bn ci na. Nhng nu trong bi cnh tnh kh thi ca Vn Phong khng cn nh thi im lp d n, Vinalines ang cn u tin vn vo nhng d n c tnh kh thi r rt hn, v, xin nhc li, cha c mt nh u t no chnh thc b vn vo d n th ngi vit cho rng n lc cn c cu li quy m d n ny. Mt cng sng, hay mt cng ca tnh ven bin nu i hng, vng v th c th to cm gic xt xa, cn mt cng trung chuyn quc t m li tr gan cng tu nguyt th c th va au xt, va bun, va tht vng.
i

- Syafii, Katsuhiko Kuroda, Container Port Competition: A Southeast Asia case study

ii

v iii - APMT mc d c mi quan h vi Maersk Line (cng Tp on A.P. Moller Maersk Group) nhng khai thc tng i c lp, cng ca APMT phc v cc khch hng a dng hn so vi cc cng thuc hng tu khc (tng t vi Cosco/Coscon). Do , c th xem APMT v Cosco/Coscon l nh khai thc cng thun ty. Mt s cch phn loi khc s xem APMT v Cosco/Coscon l hng tu.