TP CH KHOA HC V CNG NGH, I HC NNG - S 6(35).

2009

HIU QU X L NC THI DT NHUM CA HAI PHNG PHP NG T IN HA V OXI HA BNG HP CHT FENTON
THE EFFICIENCIES OF TEXTILE WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY ELECTROCOAGULATION AND OXIDATION WITH FENTON AGENT Nguyn Th Hng
Trng i hc S phm, i hc Nng
TM TT Hot ng cng nghip c xem l l ngun sinh ra cc cht nhim, tch t trong mi trng kh, dng nc thi ra bn ngoi. Cng ngh dt nhum a ra mi trng mt lng nc thi ln cha hm lng cht mu thng rt cao cn phi x l. Mi loi thuc nhum cn mt phng php x l ph hp. Trong bi bo ny, hai phng php x l nc thi dt nhum c nghin cu v so snh hiu qu ca chng. Hiu sut x l nhu cu oxi ha hc (COD) t c ca hai phng php ng t in v oxi ha bng hp cht Fenton ln lt l 97% v 85%. Tuy vy hiu qu x l COD ph thuc nhiu vo bn cht ca loi thuc nhum c trong nc thi. Tc nhn Fenton c hiu qu x l cao hn phng php ng t in vi cc loi thuc nhum hot tnh. Cc kt qu cho thy, vic kt hp c hai phng php trong x l nc thi dt nhum s cho hiu qu cao c bit vi dng thi cha nhiu loi thuc nhum. ABSTRACT Urban industrial operation has long been identified as a major cause of environmental contaminations through atmospheric deposition and wastewater discharge. Textile factories discharge a large amount of wastewater containing a high concentration of dyes that need to be treated. Proper treatment methods can be chosen depending on the type of dye in the effluent. Electrocoagulation and Fenton-agent oxidation can be used in the treatment of wastewater at textile factories. And the efficiencies of the treatment methods for COD may be compared. Electrocoagulation and Fenton-agent oxidation methods can remove 97% and 85% of COD, respectively. However, the result of COD removal depends on the nature of dyes in the wastewater. Fenton agent oxidation can oxidise the reactive dyes better than the electrocoagulation process, so its removal efficiency increases. The results show that the combination of electrocoagulation and Fenton-agent oxidation can provide a high efficiency in the treatment of dyes, especially with the wastewater that contains many kinds of dyes.

1. t vn Vn nhim mi trng hin nay ang thu ht nhiu s quan tm ca khng ch cc nh khoa hc, cng ngh m c nhng nh qun l mi trng. Nhng thm ha thin tai trong thi gian gn y l nhng bo ng v s nhim mi trng. S pht trin nhanh ca cng nghip cng lm tng thm nguy c, ri ro ca nhim mi trng. nhim ngun nc l mt trong nhng nguy c . Vic ngn chn, x l cc dng nc thi cng nghip c t ra ht sc cp thit nhm loi b cc cht thi cng nghip ra khi dng thi.
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Cng nghip dt nhum l mt trong cc ngnh s dng nhiu nc, dng thi cn phi x l trc khi thi ra mi trng. Tnh cht ca nc thi cng ngh dt nhum ht sc phc tp, ph thuc nhiu vo nhiu yu t nh: tnh cht loi thuc nhum s dng, loi cng ngh, cc ha cht s dng ng thi trong qu trnh nhum. . . S phc tp ny cng tng thm kh trong vic x l loi nc thi ny [1]. Hin c nhiu phng php x l nc thi dt nhum c nghin cu trong thi gian gn y nh ng keo t, hp ph bng than hot tnh, phng php oxi ha sinh hc, ha hc . . . Tuy nhin cc phng php ny th ng to ra lng bn ln sau khi x l. Trong bi bo ny, hai phng php x l c nghin cu so snh kh nng tch loi cht mu trong dng thi ca cng ngh dt nhum l ng t in ha v oxi ha bng hp cht Fenton. C hai phng php u c nhng u im ni bt, c th khc phc cc nhc im trn. C ch ca hai phng php c tm tt nh sau: Vi keo t in ha, khi c dng in i qua bnh in phn (vi in cc anode nhm), phn ng ha tan anode nhm nh sau: Al = Al3+ + 3e cathode l qu trnh in phn nc 2H 2 O + 2e = H 2 + 2OHAl3+ sinh ra do qu trnh ha tan anodese bi thy phn theo c phn ng sau[2]. , c Al3+ + H 2 O Al(OH)2+ + H+ Al
3+

logK 1 = -5,0
+ +

+ 2H 2 O Al(OH) 2 + 2H
+ 4+

logK 2 = -10,1 logK 3 =-7,7 logK 4 =-10,4 logK 5 =-14 logK 6 =-22,7
+

2Al + 2H 2 O Al 2 (OH) 2
3+

+ 2H

Al3+ +3H 2 O Al(OH) 3 + 3H+ 3Al3+ +4H 2 O Al 3 (OH) 4 5+ + 4H+ Al + 4H 2 O Al(OH) 4 + 4H

3+ 2+ + +

Al(OH) + H 2 O Al(OH) 2 + H logK 7 = -4,3 Al(OH) 2 + + H 2 O Al(OH) 3 + H+ logK 8 =-5,7 Al(OH) 3 + H 2 O Al(OH) 4 - + H+ logK 9 =-8,0 Keo nhm se keo t cc cht mu hu c trong dng thi. Phng php oxi ha bng hp cht Fenton l mt qu trnh oxi ha cht hu c bng cc gc OH, HOO sinh ra trong phn ng [3]. Fe2+ + H 2 O 2 Fe3+ + OH- + OH OH + H 2 O 2 HOO + H 2 O H 2 O 2 + HOO H 2 O + O 2 + OH Cc cht mu hu c se bi ph v, c tch ra khi dng nc thi. 2. Nguyn liu v phng php nghin cu Bnh in phn c th tch 500ml, in cc Al c mua thi trng. Ch
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in phn: mt dng anode 0,5mA/dm2, t l din tch anode:cathode= 2:1; khuy trn bng my khuy t vi tc 1000 vng/pht. Lng NaCl b sung 0,5 g/l.[3] Hp cht Fenton c s dng vi hm lng theo t l khi lng H 2 O 2 :FeSO 4 =5:1 ch ng, n inh tnh cht ca loi nc thi. Cc mu nghin cu c chun bi t cc loi thuc nhum nguyn cht c cung cp bi Vin Dt May Vit Nam (H ni). Trong nghin cu ny, hiu sut x l c nh gi qua vic gim hm lng nhu cu oxi ha hc (COD) ca nc thi trc v sau khi x l. 3. Kt qu v tho lun 3.1. nh hng ca hm lng cht mu n hiu qu x l Vi iu kin x l nh trn, cht mu Indathrent Red c s dng so snh hiu qu ca hai phng php. Kt qu th hin Bng 1. Kh nng x l ca phng php ng t in cao hn so vi phng php oxi ha bng Fenton. Khi nng thuc nhum tng cao, hiu sut tch COD gim trong c hai phng php. Tuy nhin phng php ng t in gim t hn. Nguyn nhn chnh c th l do hiu ng kp ca phng php ng t in (keo t v tuyn ni) lm tng kh nng tch loi COD. Vi kh H 2 , O 2 sinh ra hai in cc, dung dich c khuy o mnh, lm tng xc sut va chm ca cc ht keo nhm vi cc hp cht mu.
Bng 1. Hiu sut x l nc thi cha thuc nhum hon nguyn, thi gian 40 pht

Hiu sut tch COD (%) COD trc x l ng t in ha Oxi ha bng (mgO 2 /l) Fenton 0.1 600 97,33 69,50 0.2 680 95,29 65,76 0.3 800 93,00 56,80 0.4 960 89,17 50,01 0.5 1040 86,92 40,00 Khi nng thuc nhum tng cao, lng cht keo t cng nh lng cht Fenton khng nn hiu sut tch COD gim dn. Thm vo , nng thuc nhum tng cao, khng gian di chuyn ca cc ht keo nhm, cht oxi ha bi hn ch. Tn sut va chm gim i [4, 5]. Nng (g/l) 3.2. Thi gian x l Th nghim c lp li vi vi cc iu kin nh trn. S thay i COD ca dung dich thuc nhum c quan st theo thi gian x l. Kt qu cho Hnh 1. Trn hnh 1, c tch COD ca phng php ng t in ln hn. Lng t cht mu hu c tch ra nhanh hn sn vi phng php oxi ha bng Fenton. Trong thi gian khong 25 pht, hm lng COD gn nh tch c 90%. C th do tc to keo nhm nhanh (phn ng in ha) nn thi gian tch
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COD gim. Kh nng tn ti ca keo nhm bn hn nn hiu qu x l vn cn khi ko di thi gian. Trong khi , H 2 O 2 khng bn, qu trnh nhanh chng t cn bng. Hiu qu x l khng tng thm c na.
100 90

Hiu sut tch COD (%)

80 70 60 50 40 30 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

40

45

Thi gian x l (pht)

Hnh 1. Hiu sut tch loi COD theo thi gian x l bng hai phng php 1) phng php ng t in 2) phng php oxi ha bng Fenton

3.3. nh hng ca bn cht cc cht mu x l Do hai phng php khc nhau v bn cht nn kh nng tch loi COD se khc nhau trn cc i tng thuc nhum khc nhau. Cc dung dich thuc nhum khc nhau c chun bi vi cng mt nng , ch x l c duy tr nh cc th nghim trn, hiu qu tch loi COD c th hin Bng 2.
Bng 2. nh hng ca bn cht mu ln hiu sut x l

Tn mu

COD trc x l (mgO 2 /l) 1040 560 480

Hiu sut x l ng t in 86.92 95.71 66.67 Oxi ha bng Fenton 60,06 70,00 85,00

M1- Black RBS M2- Indathrent Olivent M4 - Remazol Navy

Bn cht cht mu nh hng ln n hiu qu tch loi ca c hai phng php. ng t in ha t ra khng hiu qu vi mu M4 (nhm thuc nhum hot tnh). Sau khi keo t in ha, dung dich gn nh khng thay i mu sc. Tuy vy, oxi ha bng hp cht Fenton c hiu qu cao vi loi thuc nhum ny. Hiu sut tch loi COD n 85%. Nguyn nhn chnh y l kh nng ph v cc hp cht mu ca cht Fenton bng cc phn ng ha hc l kh mnh. Khng ph thuc vo ha tan ca thuc nhum. Trong khi , cc cht mu ny c kch thc nh, tan tt trong nc, kh nng hp ph ln cc ht keo nhm yu.

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4. Kt lun Phng php ng in ha v oxi ha bng hp cht Fenton c nhiu u t im trong p dng x l nc thi dt nhum. Hiu qu tch COD v mu rt cao. Do c thm hiu ng tuyn ni nn hiu qu x l c tng cao hn so vi phng php oxi ha bng hp cht Fenton. Phng php ng t in c th p dng tt vi cc cht mu khng tan, t phn tn. Hiu qu tch COD c th n 98%. Phng php oxi ha ng hp cht Fenton tuy khng c hiu qu tch loi b COD cao nh ng t in song phng php rt tt vi cc thuc nhum c ha tan cao, phn tn tt. Vic kt hp c hai phng php l cn th it c th x l trit cc lo i nc thi cha nhiu loi thuc nhum.

TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Trn Vn Nhn, Ng Thi Nga, Cng ngh x l nc thi, H Ni, 2000. [2] H Vn Khnh, Lun n Tin sy, Trng H Bch khoa H Ni, 1995. [3] Nguyn Thi Hng, Lun vn Cao hc, i hc Nng, 2000 [4] YANG Yan-wu, ZHOU Tong-ling, QIAO Qi-cheng, CHEN Shuo, J China Univ Mining & Technol 2007, 17(1): 0096 0100. [5] M. Ugurlu, A.Gurses, C.Dogar, M.Yalcm, Journal of Environmental Management 87 (2008) 420428.

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