The Foot Plantar Surface

Functions of the foot

Provide a stable flat form Generate propulsion Absorb shock

Joints of the foot and ankle

Tbiofibular Ankle joint Subtalar- talus and calcaneus Transverse tarsal joint (Talus, navicular, calcaneus and cuboidal) Tarsometatarsal Metatasophalangeal Interphalangeal joints

Movements
dorsiflexion/plantarflexion (ankle joint) inversion/eversion (subtalar & transverse tarsal) flexion and extension of toes about the interphalangeal joints

Dermatome of the foot

Superficial fascia

Thick skin Contains fat compartments Acts like cushions

Deep fascia
Plantar aponeurosis Help to Maintain the arch Gives attachment to -fibrous septae

First layer of muscles

Second layer..

Third layer..

Fourth layer..

Arches of the foot

Longitudinal arch Medial Lateral Transverse arch

Medial longitudinal arch calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms (3), and medial metatarsals (3). Lateral longitudinal arch calcanueus, cuboid, lateral metatarsals (4 & 5) Transverse arch across metatarsals

Maintenance of Arches 1.Bony factors 2.Intersegmental ties 3.Tie beams 4.Slings