Basic Tissues

Overview of the Four Basic Tissue Types

Features of Epithelium
Cells form tightly connected sheets. Specialized junctions join cells together. Cells and tissue show polarity: top (apical surface) differs from bottom (basal surface).
Apical surface has specializations (cilia or microvilli) Basal surface rests on a basement membrane.

This tissue shows the most rapid turnover of all tissues, therefore most prone to cancer. Covers surfaces, lines cavities, forms glands. Epithelia are avascular (lack blood vessels).

Features of Epithelia: Polarity, Junctions, Surface Specializations, Basement Membrane

Cell Junctions

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Layers and Shapes of Cells

Shapes: Columnar, cuboidal, squamous Layers: One cell thick: simple, > 1 cell thick: stratified epithelium Examples: Simple columnar, stratified squamous Exceptions: transitional, pseudostratified cloumnar

Simple Epithelia: One cell thick

Simple squamous

Simple cuboidal

Simple columnar

Stratified Epithelium: Several cells thick

Stratified squamous epithelium

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

Transitional epithlium

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with cilia and goblet cells

Glands: Collections of Epithelial Cells Modified for Secretion

Connective Tissues

Connective Tissues: Features

Cells dispersed in an extracellular matrix
Cells include immune system cells and matrix producing cells. Fibers include collagen and elastic fibers.

Highly vascular: Very diverse tissue many types

Ordinary connective tissues that underlie all epithelium Tendons and ligaments Bone and cartilage Fat (adipose tissue) Blood

Connective Tissue: Site of Inflammation

Collagen Molecular Structure

Osteogenesis Imperfecta: a family of diseases caused by defects in collagen synthesis

Examples of Connective Tissues

Images on right show cirrhotic liver in which Reticular ct is replaced by thick collagen bundles

Examples of Ordinary Connective Tissues

Dense Connective Tissues: Tendons, Ligaments, Dermis of Skin

Specialized Connective Tissues:

cartilage

blood

Supporting Connective Tissues

Cartilage Bone

Bone

MUSCLE TISSUE

Skeletal muscle

Smooth muscle

Cardiac muscle

Nerve Tissue